881 lines
110 KiB
XML
881 lines
110 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F230CA1BA083753D6696D6D6C7B61B1F"><strong> The Eurasian species of <em> Xyela </ em> (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae): taxonomy, host plants and distribution </ strong></mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D80102BBD8A8EA3F5331788D01DD3756">Blank, Stephan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="03B13E01343DDBD8965B8A5A16EDBB2E">Shinohara, Akihiko</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="72655041410AE90A6BCDD161FBF120C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6412594" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194443967" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6412594" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72655041410AE90A6BCDD161FBF120C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/72655041410AE90A6BCDD161FBF120C1" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC410AE90E6BCDD161FDF02545" box="[151,551,1801,1827]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FA73E157410AE90E6BCDD161FDF02545" blockId="34.[151,551,1801,1827]" box="[151,551,1801,1827]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="A13B563B410AE90E6BCDD161FDF02545" bold="true" box="[151,551,1801,1827]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410AE90E6BCDD161FDF02545" authority="J. P. E. F. Stein, 1876" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,551,1801,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D45410AE90E6BCDD161FDF02545" bold="true" box="[151,551,1801,1827]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D45410AE90E6BCDD161FEE32545" bold="true" box="[151,308,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Xyela graeca</emphasis>
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J.P.E.F.
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<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410AE90E6AFAD161FDF02545" author="Stein, J. P. E. F." box="[416,551,1801,1827]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref71794" refString="Stein, J. P. E. F. (1876) Einige neue dalmatinische, griechische und kleinasiatische Tenthrediniden. Entomologische Zeitung, 37, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1876">Stein, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC410AE90E6BCDD138FDC62586" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FA73E157410AE90E6BCDD138FCA325E2" blockId="34.[151,1437,1872,2017]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DADCC679410AE90E6BCDD138FCA325E2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC746410AE90E6BCDD138FDEB2500" author="Stein, J. P. E. F." box="[151,572,1872,1894]" page="58" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1876">
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410AE90E6BCDD138FDEB2500" authority="J. P. E. F. Stein, 1876: 57 - 58" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityPageNumber="57 - 58" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,572,1872,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D45410AE90E6BCDD138FEC92500" box="[151,286,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Xyela graeca</emphasis>
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J.P.E.F.
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<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410AE90E6A2DD138FDEB2500" author="Stein, J. P. E. F." box="[375,572,1872,1894]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref71794" refString="Stein, J. P. E. F. (1876) Einige neue dalmatinische, griechische und kleinasiatische Tenthrediniden. Entomologische Zeitung, 37, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1876">Stein, 1876: 57–58</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410AE90E691DD139FD8D2500" box="[583,602,1873,1894]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<typeStatus id="25775FF5410AE90E693DD139FD442500" box="[615,659,1873,1894]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410AE90E69AFD138FCE82500" box="[757,831,1872,1894]" name="Greece" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Greece</collectingCountry>
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, Nomos Ioanina, Konitsa S
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<quantity id="3D344CB2410AE90E6F3AD138FB4F2500" box="[1120,1176,1872,1894]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC746410AE90E6FF9D139FA872500" author="Konow, F. W." box="[1187,1360,1872,1894]" page="58" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1897">
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<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410AE90E6FF9D139FA872500" author="Konow, F. W." box="[1187,1360,1872,1894]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="55 - 58" refId="ref69140" refString="Konow, F. W. (1897) Ueber die Xyelini. Entomologische Nachrichten (F. Karsch), 23 (4), 55 - 58." type="journal article" year="1897">Konow 1897: 58</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(junior synonym of
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<emphasis id="C8B83D45410AE90E6A1FD107FEB925E3" box="[325,366,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">julii</emphasis>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC746410AE90E6ADED107FDE625E3" author="Benson, R. B." box="[388,561,1903,1925]" page="33" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1938">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410AE90E6ADED107FDE625E3" author="Benson, R. B." box="[388,561,1903,1925]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="32 - 36" refId="ref66351" refString="Benson, R. B. (1938) European sawflies of the genus Xyela Dalman (sens. lat.) (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B 7 (2), 32 - 36." type="journal article" year="1938">Benson 1938: 33</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 35 (removed from synonymy).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410AE90E6BCDD1E5FCC925C5" blockId="34.[151,1437,1872,2017]" box="[151,798,1933,1955]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC746410AE90E6BCDD1E5FE2525C5" author="Andre, E." box="[151,498,1933,1955]" page="468" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1881">
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410AE90E6BCDD1E5FEEE25C5" box="[151,313,1933,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Pinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D45410AE90E6BCDD1E5FEEE25C5" box="[151,313,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pinicola graeca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410AE90E6A1CD1E5FE2525C5" author="Andre, E." box="[326,498,1933,1955]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="381 - 484" refId="ref66093" refString="Andre, E. (1881) Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe & d'Algerie. Beaune (Cote-d'Or), 1 [1879 - 1882] (9), 381 - 484." type="journal article" year="1881">André 1881: 468</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(combination with
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<emphasis id="C8B83D45410AE90E69E3D1E5FCD825C5" box="[697,783,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pinicola</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA73E157410AE90E6BCDD1C4FDC62586" blockId="34.[151,1437,1872,2017]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC746410AE90E6BCDD1C4FDD625A4" author="Rasnitsyn, A. P." box="[151,513,1964,1986]" page="519" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1965">
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410AE90E6BCDD1C4FDD625A4" authority="Rasnitsyn, 1965: 519" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn" authorityPageNumber="519" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,513,1964,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrae">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D45410AE90E6BCDD1C4FECC25A4" box="[151,283,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Xyela nigrae</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410AE90E6A7ED1C4FDD625A4" author="Rasnitsyn, A. P." box="[292,513,1964,1986]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="483 - 519" refId="ref70467" refString="Rasnitsyn, A. P. (1965) Notes on the biology, systematics and phylogeny of Xyelinae (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae). Polske Pismo Entomologiczne, 35 (12), 483 - 519." type="journal article" year="1965">Rasnitsyn, 1965: 519</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410AE90E6954D1C5FDF625A4" box="[526,545,1965,1986]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
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||
<typeStatus id="25775FF5410AE90E696AD1C5FD8B25A4" box="[560,604,1965,1986]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality:
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||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410AE90E699AD1C4FCC325A4" box="[704,788,1964,1986]" name="Ukraine" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion id="38082FB5410AE90E687BD1C4FC6E25A4" box="[801,953,1964,1986]" country="Ukraine" name="Zakarpattya" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Transcarpathia</collectingRegion>
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, Tur’i-Remety near Perechin;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410AE90E6FACD1C4FA4A25A4" author="Rasnitsyn, A. P." box="[1270,1437,1964,1986]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="187 - 196" refId="ref70505" refString="Rasnitsyn, A. P. (1971) [Evolution of the Hymenoptera of the family Xyelidae.] (In Russian). Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal, 130, 187 - 196." type="journal article" year="1971">Rasnitsyn 1971:</bibRefCitation>
|
||
193 (junior synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410AE90E6AE7D1A4FDD42587" box="[445,515,1996,2017]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">graeca</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="AEB3B1DF410BE90F6BCDD5BFFD01264C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261350" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261350/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[151,250,983,1006]" targetBox="[151,1436,195,961]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410BE90F6BCDD5BFFD01264C" blockId="35.[151,1436,983,1067]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410BE90F6BCDD5BFFEF42188" bold="true" box="[151,291,983,1006]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Emergence phenology of imagines of
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||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410BE90F699ED5BFFC96218B" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[708,833,983,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410BE90F699ED5BFFC96218B" box="[708,833,983,1005]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Xyela curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410BE90F6808D5B0FC6F218B" authorityName=": Andre" authorityYear="1881" box="[850,952,984,1005]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graeca">
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||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410BE90F6808D5B0FC6F218B" box="[850,952,984,1005]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410BE90F68A8D5B0FBA5218B" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[1010,1138,983,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
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||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410BE90F68A8D5B0FBA5218B" box="[1010,1138,983,1005]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">X. menelaus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
under laboratory conditions between 24.3. (= day 1) and 19.4.1999 (= day 25). Rearing data from two almost syntopic samples (Z42A/98, Z42B/98) taken from
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410BE90F6B94D27DFE60264D" box="[206,439,1045,1067]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="pallasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410BE90F6B94D27DFE60264D" box="[206,439,1045,1067]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pinus nigra pallasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southern Turkey in 1998.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="AEB3B1DF410BE90F6BCDD1EEFC7125DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261352" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261352/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[151,250,1926,1949]" targetBox="[152,1428,1116,1904]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410BE90F6BCDD1EEFC7125DD" blockId="35.[151,1436,1926,1979]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410BE90F6BCDD1EEFEC825FB" bold="true" box="[151,287,1926,1949]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410BE90F6AC2D1EFFDC925FA" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[408,542,1927,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410BE90F6AC2D1EFFDC925FA" box="[408,542,1927,1949]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Xyela graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(553 specimens from 53 collection sites) and natural distribution of the host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410BE90F6E38D1EFFF1925DD" authorityName="Arn. (Benes" authorityYear="1975" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410BE90F6E38D1EFFF1925DD" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(solid line, combined from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410BE90F6AB2D1CDFD7325DD" author="Meusel, H. & Jager, E. & Weinert, E." box="[488,676,1957,1979]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref69947" refString="Meusel, H., Jager, E. & Weinert, E. (1965) Vergleichende Chorologie der zentraleuropaischen Flora. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 583 pp. [text] + 258 pp. [maps]." type="book" year="1965">Meusel et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410BE90F698FD1CDFC4D25DD" author="Barbero, M. & Loisel, R. & Quezel, P. & Richardson, D. M. & Romane, F." box="[725,922,1957,1979]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="153 - 170" refId="ref66168" refString="Barbero, M., Loisel, R., Quezel, P., Richardson, D. M. & Romane, F. (1998) Pines of the Mediterranean Basin. In: Richardson, D. M. (ed.) Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne and Madrid, pp. 153 - 170 [paperback edition, 2000]." type="journal article" year="1998">Barbéro et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC410CE9086BCDD6FFFDBE2782" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410CE9086BCDD6FFFE382392" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086BCDD6FFFEF622D6" bold="true" box="[151,289,151,176]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Female. Color. Head yellow with black and brown pattern: black stripes along frontal furrows often fading and at most 2 times wider than ocellar diameter, meeting black ocellar and postocellar area, black longitudinal medial spot of frons always present, weak in pale specimens, rarely fusing with frontal stripes, kidneyshaped spots on vertex separate from black postocellar area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD2410CE9086809D76CFC04237A" box="[851,979,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–65" captionStartId="70.[151,263,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-41@70.[151,1436,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 42–65. Color pattern of head of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. rasnitsyni group, X. julii group (part). Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261372/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 51–52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennae brown or pale brown, scape sometimes yellow. Thorax dorsally brown with rich yellow pattern on pronotum, mesonotal lobes and mesoscutellum, tegulae yellow and sometimes brown in middle, mesepisternum largely pale yellow. Abdominal terga brown, lateral parts of terga 7, 8 and 9+10 yellow or pale brown, valvifer 2 completely yellow or pale brown, membrane between valvifer 2 and valvula 3 white, valvula 3 varying from yellow to pale brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD2410CE9086FB7D7FCFA8623CA" box="[1261,1361,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–120" captionStartId="74.[151,263,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-34@74.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 105–120. Ovipositor sheaths of Xyela species. All figures at same scale. Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261380/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 107</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs pale brown, posterior coxae pale brown or yellow and more or less infuscate from base. Wing membrane clear, venation and pterostigma pale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410CE9086B9DD797FBC521C2" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Morphology. Fore wing
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB2410CE9086A81D797FDB52071" box="[475,610,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 1.90–2.35(–?2.55) times longer than ovipositor sheath, vein Rs+M 130–280 µm long, 2r-m meeting Rs proximal to furcation of Rs1 and Rs2. Synantennomere 3 510–710 µm long, antennomere 4 130–160 µm long and 4.5–5.5 times longer than wide distally. Article 3 of maxillary palp 410–480 µm long, 1.65–1.85 times longer than scape and wider than synantennomere 3. OOL: POL = 1.60–2.00: 1. Ovipositor sheath (1.35–)
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB2410CE9086A6BD4E7FE0420C1" box="[305,467,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.60–1.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, valvula 3 (?1.60–)1.70–2.00 times longer than valvifer 2 and (?4.5–)4.8–5.8 times longer than wide at base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD2410CE9086AF5D4DCFDD920AA" box="[431,526,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–120" captionStartId="74.[151,263,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-34@74.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 105–120. Ovipositor sheaths of Xyela species. All figures at same scale. Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261380/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 107</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valvula 3 of ovipositor compressed, pale membranous area about as long as basal width of valvula 3, dorsal edge of valvula 3 sloping down to round tip, distally with sensilla field exposed and directed caudally, bearing 3 setae. Ovipositor straight and compressed. Valvula 1 with aulax terminating distally, ventral edge sloping up to tip, with ca 13–15 closely spaced oblique annuli in distal quarter, without serrulae, olistether with 4–5 setae. Left and right valvulae 2 fused along dorsal edge in basal half. Valvula 2 with smooth dorsal margin, tapering in distal half, pale and evenly sclerotized, in distal 0.4 with single scattered sensilla campaniformia, in distal 0.1 with 3–5 oblique annuli. Posterior tibia
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB2410CE9086ABBD5E4FD5721C5" box="[481,640,908,932]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="0.925" valueMax="1.05" valueMin="0.8">0.80–1.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, claws without subapical tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410CE9086B9CD5C7FD15218A" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Male. Color. Similar to female, but often generally paler (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD2410CE90868D9D5C7FC0421A1" box="[899,979,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–65" captionStartId="70.[151,263,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-41@70.[151,1436,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 42–65. Color pattern of head of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. rasnitsyni group, X. julii group (part). Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261372/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
for color pattern of head). Hypopygium yellow, often also preapical sterna largely yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410CE9086B9DD59FFE7227D9" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Morphology. Fore wing
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB2410CE9086ABFD59FFDA72669" box="[485,624,1015,1039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="3.2" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, Rs+M 160–250 µm long, 2r-m meeting Rs (130–)180–280 µm proximal to furcation of Rs1 and Rs2. Synantennomere 3 510–700 µm long, antennomere 4 140–200 µm long and 5.5–7.0 times longer than wide distally. Article 3 of maxillary palp 340–430 µm long, 1.35–1.55 times longer than scape and wider than synantennomere 3. OOL: POL = (1.40–)1.60–2.00(–2.20): 1. Longitudinal apodeme of basiparamere curved, basal portion in lateral position, harpe about as long as wide in lateral view. Lower ergot on valvular stalk absent. Valviceps (1.70–)1.80–2.00 times longer than wide on medial lobe, lateral lamella distinct and oblique, proximal lobe of penis valve at proximal end round, 0.20–0.30 times as long as valviceps and 0.70–0.80 times as high as medial lobe, excision on lower edge 0.16–0.22 as deep as width of medial lobe, valviceps on medial lobe 1.35–1.55 times wider than on distal lobe, 2 distal flagella present, tip of longer flagellum reaching (0.90–)0.95–1.05 width of distal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD2410CE908698FD354FCE92732" box="[725,830,1340,1364]" captionStart="FIGURES 136–145" captionStartId="77.[151,263,1745,1768]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-41@77.[151,1436,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 136–145. Penis valves of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. julii group (part). Figs 138–139 and 141 reproduced from Blank et al. (2005)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261388/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 142</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valviceps with median longitudinal sclerotization present, medial lobe almost symmetrical and broad, with 5–10 cone-like sensilla along upper edge and scattered on lateral surface, upper edge between medial and distal lobe with 6–9 setae. Posterior tibia
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB2410CE9086F2FD3ECFAC127FD" box="[1141,1302,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.749999999999999" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="0.7749999999999999" valueMax="0.85" valueMin="0.7">0.70–0.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, claws without subapical tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410CE9086B9CD3A4FDBE2782" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2020]" box="[198,617,1484,1508]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086B9CD3A4FEE32782" bold="true" box="[198,308,1484,1508]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Barcodes</emphasis>
|
||
. GUID
|
||
<specimenCode id="AA6A492C410CE9086ACAD3A4FDD42782" box="[400,515,1484,1508]" collectionCode="ABU" country="Nigeria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yxf0-qify" name="Ahmadu Bello University Herbarium" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ABU8786</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410CE9086948D3A4FDE12785" box="[530,566,1484,1508]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410CE9086967D3A4FDB72785" box="[573,608,1484,1508]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC410CE9086B9DD398FE402565" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410CE9086B9DD398FC1124F1" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086B9DD398FEB9246E" bold="true" box="[199,366,1519,1544]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4AA4EB0A410CE9086A26D398FC1124F1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746410326" collectingDate="1999-05-04" collectionCode="DEI" collectorName="Blank & Kutzscher" country="Greece" determinerName="S. M. Blank" elevation="650" latitude="40.1" location="Nomos Ioanina" longLatPrecision="1165" longitude="20.766666" municipality="Nomos Ioanina" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE9086A26D398FDC6246E" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[380,529,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086A26D398FDC6246E" box="[380,529,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Xyela graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF5410CE9086945D398FDA9246E" box="[543,638,1520,1544]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410CE90869DCD398FD4C2461" box="[646,667,1520,1543]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(here designated): “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410CE9086827D387FC062461" box="[893,977,1519,1543]" name="Greece" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1A177B2D410CE9086887D398FB5A2461" box="[989,1165,1519,1543]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Nomos Ioanina</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="EBC1F875410CE9086FC2D387FA9D2461" box="[1176,1354,1519,1543]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Konitsa S
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB2410CE9086E57D387FA9D2461" box="[1293,1354,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB2410CE9086E0FD387FA4B2461" box="[1365,1436,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="650.0">
|
||
<elevation id="71E10664410CE9086E0FD387FA4B2461" box="[1365,1436,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
NN [altitude above sea level],
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9FF88790410CE9086AA7D07CFD89244A" box="[509,606,1556,1580]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="925" value="40.1">40°06’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9FF88790410CE9086932D07CFD68244A" box="[616,703,1556,1580]" degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="925" value="20.766666">20°46E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="57398481410CE908685BD07CFC93244A" box="[769,836,1556,1580]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Blank</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="57398481410CE9086834D07CFC08244A" box="[878,991,1556,1580]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Kutzscher</collectorName>
|
||
c. [collected]
|
||
<date id="8E72C797410CE9086FD0D07CFB3B244A" box="[1162,1260,1556,1580]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1999-05-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9E363E7F410CE9086FD0D07CFB3B244A" box="[1162,1260,1556,1580]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1999-05-04">4.5.1999</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
em. [emerged]
|
||
<date id="8E72C797410CE9086BCDD05FFED02429" box="[151,263,1591,1615]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2000-03-21">21.3.2000</date>
|
||
[rearing number] Z37/99, larva ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE90869F9D050FCFE2429" authorityName="Arn. (Benes" authorityYear="1975" box="[675,809,1592,1615]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE90869F9D050FCFE2429" box="[675,809,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE9086835D050FBA22436" box="[879,1141,1592,1616]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="pallasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086835D050FBA22436" box="[879,1141,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pinus nigra pallasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]”; “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE9086FF3D050FEC12412" authority="J. P. E. F. Stein, 1876" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086FF3D050FA972436" box="[1193,1344,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Xyela graeca</emphasis>
|
||
J.P.E.F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410CE9086BCDD034FEC12412" author="Stein, J. P. E. F." box="[151,278,1628,1652]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref71794" refString="Stein, J. P. E. F. (1876) Einige neue dalmatinische, griechische und kleinasiatische Tenthrediniden. Entomologische Zeitung, 37, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1876">Stein, 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det.
|
||
<determinerName id="0FAF0D93410CE9086A15D034FE002412" box="[335,471,1628,1652]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S. M. Blank</determinerName>
|
||
2000”; [rot:] “Neotypus ♂
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE9086855D034FB522412" authority="J. P. E. F. Stein, 1876" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[783,1157,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086855D034FC722412" box="[783,933,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Xyela graeca</emphasis>
|
||
J.P.E.F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410CE9086F5FD034FB522412" author="Stein, J. P. E. F." box="[1029,1157,1628,1652]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref71794" refString="Stein, J. P. E. F. (1876) Einige neue dalmatinische, griechische und kleinasiatische Tenthrediniden. Entomologische Zeitung, 37, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1876">Stein, 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
des. S. M. Blank 2001”. Genitalia stored inside small vial and kept on pin of type specimen.
|
||
<collectionCode id="9CDD7992410CE90868CAD0E8FC1524F1" box="[912,962,1664,1687]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33211" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33211" name="Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">DEI</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410CE9086B9DD0CCFE402565" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4AA4EB0A410CE9086B9DD0CCFA4E24B9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746410328" collectingDate="1965-05-15" collectionCode="ZMUM" collectorName="A. Rasnitsyn" location="Cyrillic" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE9086B9DD0CCFE8B24DA" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1965" box="[199,348,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086B9DD0CCFE8B24DA" box="[199,348,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<originalDetermination id="D9D259AB410CE9086B9DD0CCFE8B24DA" box="[199,348,1700,1724]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Xyela nigrae</originalDetermination>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410CE9086AB9D0CCFE2F24DD" box="[483,504,1700,1723]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
: [
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C410CE9086948D0CCFDBC24DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72655041410AE90A6BCDD161FBF120C1:FF13B78C410CE9086948D0CCFDBC24DA" box="[530,619,1700,1724]" name="Cyrillic" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cyrillic</location>
|
||
letters:] “
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C410CE90869B8D0CCFCEC24DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72655041410AE90A6BCDD161FBF120C1:FF13B78C410CE90869B8D0CCFCEC24DA" box="[738,827,1700,1724]" name="Karpati" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Karpati</location>
|
||
, Tur’i-Remety bliz
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C410CE9086F7CD0CCFB4324DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72655041410AE90A6BCDD161FBF120C1:FF13B78C410CE9086F7CD0CCFB4324DA" box="[1062,1172,1700,1724]" name="Perechina" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Perechina</location>
|
||
[= Tur’i-Remety near
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C410CE9086BCDD0AFFF2824B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72655041410AE90A6BCDD161FBF120C1:FF13B78C410CE9086BCDD0AFFF2824B9" box="[151,255,1735,1759]" name="Perechin" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Perechin</location>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="8E72C797410CE9086A48D0AFFEBC24B9" box="[274,363,1735,1759]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1965-05-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9E363E7F410CE9086A48D0AFFEBC24B9" box="[274,363,1735,1759]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1965-05-15">15.V.65</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="57398481410CE9086A23D0AFFDC524B9" box="[377,530,1735,1759]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A. Rasnitsyn</collectorName>
|
||
”; [rot:] “
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF5410CE908692DD0AFFD3924B9" box="[631,750,1735,1759]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE90869ADD0A0FC5D24B9" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1965" box="[759,906,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE90869ADD0A0FC5D24B9" box="[759,906,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C410CE90869ADD0A0FCE02486" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72655041410AE90A6BCDD161FBF120C1:FF13B78C410CE90869ADD0A0FCE02486" box="[759,823,1736,1760]" name="Xyela" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Xyela</location>
|
||
nigrae
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410CE90868C9D0A0FC7F24B9" box="[915,936,1736,1759]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectorName id="57398481410CE90868EBD0AFFB9D24B9" box="[945,1098,1735,1759]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A. Rasnitsyn</collectorName>
|
||
”.
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C410CE9086F38D0A0FBAE24B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72655041410AE90A6BCDD161FBF120C1:FF13B78C410CE9086F38D0A0FBAE24B9" box="[1122,1145,1736,1759]" name="In" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">In</location>
|
||
good condition.
|
||
<collectionCode id="9CDD7992410CE9086E64D0A0FA4E24B9" box="[1342,1433,1736,1759]" collectionName="Russia, Moscow, Moscow State University" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/49rk-3jpq" name="Zoological Museum, University of Amoy" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ZMUM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4AA4EB0A410CE9086BCDD084FE432565" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746410337" box="[151,404,1772,1796]" collectionCode="ZMUM" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
Paratype:
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410CE9086A52D084FEFD2565" box="[264,298,1772,1796]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="9CDD7992410CE9086A63D084FE432565" box="[313,404,1772,1795]" collectionName="Russia, Moscow, Moscow State University" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/49rk-3jpq" name="Zoological Museum, University of Amoy" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ZMUM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC410CE9096B9DD17BFA4B2071" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410CE9086B9DD17BFE9325FA" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086B9DD17BFE93254D" bold="true" box="[199,324,1811,1835]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB5410CE9086B9DD17BFF28254D" box="[199,255,1811,1835]" country="Afghanistan" name="Khost" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Host</collectingRegion>
|
||
plant
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE9086A08D17BFD6D254C" authority="Ten. (Schedl 1981)" authorityName="Ten. (Schedl" authorityYear="1981" box="[338,698,1810,1835]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brutia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086A08D17BFE0B254D" box="[338,476,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pinus brutia</emphasis>
|
||
Ten. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410CE9086979D17AFD65254C" author="Schedl, W." box="[547,690,1810,1834]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="145 - 157" refId="ref71106" refString="Schedl, W. (1981) Die Pflanzenwespen der Insel Kreta (Insecta: Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich- Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 68, 145 - 157." type="journal article" year="1981">Schedl 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<superScript id="0DB94C1F410CE908699CD17AFD18257C" attach="right" box="[710,719,1810,1818]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ο</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE908698AD17BFBD9254C" authority="Poir" authorityName="Poir" box="[720,1038,1810,1835]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="laricio">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE908698AD17BFC84254C" box="[720,851,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE90868D6D17BFC00254D" box="[908,983,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">laricio</emphasis>
|
||
Poir
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE9086F42D17BFEF42537" authority="Maire & Peyerimhoff" authorityName="Maire & Peyerimhoff" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="mauretanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086F42D17BFBA6254C" box="[1048,1137,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086FF3D17BFAE1254C" box="[1193,1334,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">mauretanica</emphasis>
|
||
Maire & Peyerimhoff
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410CE9086A68D151FE182537" author="Berland, L." box="[306,463,1849,1873]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="192" refId="ref66590" refString="Berland, L. (1937) Sur la presence en Afrique du Nord d'une espece du genre Xyela [Hym. Tenthredinoidea]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 42, 192." type="journal article" year="1937">Berland 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410CE9086A87D151FDCF2537" author="Berland, L." box="[477,536,1849,1873]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="89 - 92" refId="ref66627" refString="Berland, L. (1943) Les Xyelidae de France [Hym. Sessiliventres]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 48 (6), 89 - 92." type="journal article" year="1943">1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<superScript id="0DB94C1F410CE9086973D151FDE52527" attach="right" box="[553,562,1849,1857]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">●</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE9086969D152FCBC2537" authority="ssp. nigra Arn." authorityName="Arn." box="[563,875,1849,1873]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086969D152FD602537" box="[563,695,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE90869A9D152FCE72537" box="[755,816,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">nigra</emphasis>
|
||
Arn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410CE9086821D151FC7A2537" box="[891,941,1849,1873]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">43♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410CE90868ECD151FC302537" box="[950,999,1849,1873]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">21♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from 6 reared samples),
|
||
<superScript id="0DB94C1F410CE9086E5DD151FAC72527" attach="right" box="[1287,1296,1849,1857]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">●</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE9086E55D152FE89251E" authority="Lamb." authorityName="Lamb." class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="pallasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086E55D152FABE2537" box="[1295,1385,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086BCDD108FEDA251E" box="[151,269,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">pallasiana</emphasis>
|
||
Lamb.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410CE9086A34D108FE77251E" box="[366,416,1888,1912]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">78♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410CE9086AF2D108FE0E251E" box="[424,473,1888,1912]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">28♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from 9 reared samples),
|
||
<superScript id="0DB94C1F410CE90869ADD108FCD7250E" attach="right" box="[759,768,1888,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ο</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE90869A5D109FB8B251E" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" box="[767,1116,1888,1912]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="salzmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE90869A5D109FC8E251E" box="[767,857,1889,1912]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE90868CED108FBDA251E" box="[916,1037,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">salzmannii</emphasis>
|
||
Dunal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE9086F34D109FB24251E" box="[1134,1267,1888,1912]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086F34D109FB24251E" box="[1134,1267,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410CE9086E79D108FA90251E" box="[1315,1351,1888,1912]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from 1 reared sample).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410CE9096B9DD1C0FA41237A" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2020]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1436,151,2012]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086B9DD1C0FEC825A7" bold="true" box="[199,287,1960,1985]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. In a series reared from two almost syntopic samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE908689BD1C1FB1F25A6" box="[961,1224,1960,1984]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="pallasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE908689BD1C1FB1F25A6" box="[961,1224,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pinus nigra pallasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taken in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410CE9086BCDD1A4FF3F2582" box="[151,232,1996,2020]" name="Turkey" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE9086BB7D1A5FEA12582" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[237,374,1996,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086BB7D1A5FEA12582" box="[237,374,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hatched significantly earlier than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE90869AAD1A5FC8A2582" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[752,861,1997,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE90869AAD1A5FC8A2582" box="[752,861,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(females: n[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE90868B3D1A5FBE02582" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[1001,1079,1997,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE90868B3D1A5FBE02582" box="[1001,1079,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] = 10, n[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410CE9086FC7D1A4FAD02582" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[1181,1287,1996,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410CE9086FC7D1A4FAD02582" box="[1181,1287,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] = 14, U = 9, α <0.001; males: n[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096A22D6F1FE1122D6" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[376,454,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096A22D6F1FE1122D6" box="[376,454,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] = 5, n[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE909697AD6F0FD5D22D6" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[544,650,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE909697AD6F0FD5D22D6" box="[544,650,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] = 11, U = 7, α <0.05; U-test). The difference was on average 6 days. The few
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096BA5D6D5FEB622B2" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[255,353,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096BA5D6D5FEB622B2" box="[255,353,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from this sample hatched even ca 18 days earlier than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90968BED6D5FB8322B2" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[996,1108,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90968BED6D5FB8322B2" box="[996,1108,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This corresponds well with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096BCDD6B7FD892291" author="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E." box="[151,606,223,247]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="273 - 327" refId="ref70428" refString="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E. (2000) Langjahrige Larvenaufsammlungen und Zuchten von Pflanzenwespen (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) in Mitteleuropa. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 32 (1), 273 - 327." type="journal article" year="2000">Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer’s (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observation, that Austrian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90968CED689FBD4229E" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[916,1027,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90968CED689FBD4229E" box="[916,1027,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerge in April, 1 or 2 weeks later than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096B94D76DFEFA237A" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[206,301,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096B94D76DFEFA237A" box="[206,301,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In fact,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096ACAD76CFCE9237A" author="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E." box="[400,830,260,284]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="273 - 327" refId="ref70428" refString="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E. (2000) Langjahrige Larvenaufsammlungen und Zuchten von Pflanzenwespen (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) in Mitteleuropa. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 32 (1), 273 - 327." type="journal article" year="2000">Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had a mixture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096F59D76DFBA7237A" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[1027,1136,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096F59D76DFBA7237A" box="[1027,1136,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096FFFD76DFAF9237A" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[1189,1326,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096FFFD76DFAF9237A" box="[1189,1326,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on hand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410DE9096B9CD740FD3E23E1" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
For additional phenological data see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE909693CD74FFD282359" author="Blank, S. M." box="[614,767,295,319]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="197 - 233" refId="ref66820" refString="Blank, S. M. (2002) The Western Palaearctic Xyelidae (Hymenoptera). In: Viitasaari, M. (ed.) Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I. A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea. Tremex Press, Helsinki, pp. 197 - 233." type="book chapter" year="2002">Blank (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Specimens collected in
|
||
<date id="8E72C797410DE9096F4FD74FFB6D2359" box="[1045,1210,295,319]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1937-02">
|
||
February
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB2410DE9096FD8D74FFB6D2359" box="[1154,1210,295,319]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91998" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="1937.0">1937</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096F84D74FFAE52359" box="[1246,1330,295,319]" name="Algeria" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096E1BD74FFF182302" author="Berland, L." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="192" refId="ref66590" refString="Berland, L. (1937) Sur la presence en Afrique du Nord d'une espece du genre Xyela [Hym. Tenthredinoidea]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 42, 192." type="journal article" year="1937">Berland 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recording
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096A11D725FE4E2302" box="[331,409,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096A11D725FE4E2302" box="[331,409,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Tikdja in the Djurjura) were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90968E6D725FBFC2302" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[956,1067,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90968E6D725FBFC2302" box="[956,1067,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096F0DD724FB3A2302" author="Blank, S. M." box="[1111,1261,332,356]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="197 - 233" refId="ref66820" refString="Blank, S. M. (2002) The Western Palaearctic Xyelidae (Hymenoptera). In: Viitasaari, M. (ed.) Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I. A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea. Tremex Press, Helsinki, pp. 197 - 233." type="book chapter" year="2002">Blank (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but they might belong to a species associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE909697FD718FD3523EE" box="[549,738,368,392]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halepensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE909697FD718FD3523EE" box="[549,738,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pinus halepensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410DE9096B9DD7FBFA4B2071" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096B9DD7FBFE3B23CA" bold="true" box="[199,492,403,428]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096AA4D7FCFD8423CA" box="[510,595,404,428]" name="Austria" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096939D7FCFD6F23CA" box="[611,696,404,428]" name="Croatia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096992D7FCFCC023CD" box="[712,791,404,427]" name="France" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE909687CD7FCFCAF23CA" box="[806,888,404,428]" name="Greece" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE90968D2D7FCFC3C23CA" box="[904,1003,404,428]" name="Hungary" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE90968A1D7FCFBEB23CA" box="[1019,1084,404,428]" name="Israel" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096F16D7FCFB5723CA" box="[1100,1152,404,428]" name="Italy" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096FD5D7FCFB0623CA" box="[1167,1233,404,428]" name="Spain" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096FBBD7FCFAE523CA" box="[1249,1330,404,428]" name="Turkey" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096E18D7FCFA4B23CA" box="[1346,1436,404,428]" name="Ukraine" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD2410DE9096BC5D7DFFF2323A9" box="[159,244,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,1116,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-104@35.[151,1436,1116,1905]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 15. Records of Xyela graeca (553 specimens from 53 collection sites) and natural distribution of the host plant, Pinus nigra (solid line, combined from Meusel et al. 1965 and Barbéro et al. 1998)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261352/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE909691DD7DFFD7023A9" box="[583,679,439,463]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE90969EDD7DFFC9823A9" author="Vasilev, I. B." box="[695,847,439,463]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="86 - 88" refId="ref72475" refString="Vasilev, I. B. (1987) Xyela graeca Stein. - predstavitel na novo semejstvo (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) sa faunata na B-lgarija. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 31, 86 - 88." type="journal article" year="1987">Vasilev 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the Slovakian Republic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096F25D7DFFADF23A9" author="Roller, L." box="[1151,1288,439,463]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="37 - 48" refId="ref70735" refString="Roller, L. (1999) Checklist of the sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Slovakia. Entomological Problems, 30 (2), 37 - 48." type="journal article" year="1999">Roller 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096E11D7DFFA4B23A9" box="[1355,1436,439,463]" name="Cyprus" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Schedl 2002 as
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096A0FD7B5FEB92392" box="[341,366,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X.</emphasis>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096ADBD7B4FE212392" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[385,502,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096AF2D7B5FE212392" box="[424,502,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”). These records are likely to be correct but should be re-examined, because they could relate to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096A67D469FE7D207E" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[317,426,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096A67D469FE7D207E" box="[317,426,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096AB1D469FDA4207E" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[491,627,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096AB1D469FDA4207E" box="[491,627,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The record for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096872D797FCAA2071" box="[808,893,511,535]" name="France" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE90968FDD797FB742071" author="Liston, A. D. & Spath, J." box="[935,1187,511,535]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref69673" refString="Liston, A. D. & Spath, J. (2005) New data on the sawfly fauna of Corsica with the description of a new species Pontania cyrnea sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen, 54, 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="2005">Liston & Späth (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
refers to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096E56D469FA42207E" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[1292,1429,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096E56D469FA42207E" box="[1292,1429,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC410DE90A6B9DD44CFBF120C1" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410DE9096B9DD44CFA5521A1" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096B9DD44CFEE3205A" bold="true" box="[199,308,548,572]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Among the pale representatives of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90969A0D44CFCB8205A" box="[762,879,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90969A0D44CFCB8205A" box="[762,879,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Xyela julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group with a comparatively short ovipositor two very similar forms occur in the West Palearctic, which both feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90968EBD420FBEF2039" authorityName="Arn. (Benes" authorityYear="1975" box="[945,1080,584,607]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90968EBD420FBEF2039" box="[945,1080,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Corresponding males have an apparent longitudinal sclerotization of the valviceps and a gradually ascending distal edge of the valviceps. The existence of two separate species is well founded upon the recognition of two different forms of penis valves. These species are here called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE909695AD4DDFDA420AA" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[512,627,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE909695AD4DDFDA420AA" box="[512,627,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90969EED4DDFC9420AA" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[692,835,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90969EED4DDFC9420AA" box="[692,835,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in accordance with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096F22D4DCFAF420AA" author="Benson, R. B." box="[1144,1315,692,716]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="110 - 112" refId="ref66470" refString="Benson, R. B. (1960) Two new European species of Xyela Dalman (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B (7 - 8), 110 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1960">Benson (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096BCDD4B0FED62096" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,257,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096BCDD4B0FED62096" box="[151,257,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is applied to the species with the shorter ovipositor (see below for discussion on nomenclature). The sexes of the two species were associated with the help of two reared series from Lower Austria and a reared series from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096A19D577FE422151" box="[323,405,799,823]" name="Turkey" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The first series from Hernstein mainly comprised of females with a comparatively long ovipositor and males with a shallowly excised valviceps bearing a narrowly rounded proximal lobe (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096E44D52DFA5B213A" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[1310,1420,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096E44D52DFA5B213A" box="[1310,1420,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The second series from Dürnstein contained mainly females with shorter ovipositor and males with deeper excised valviceps having the proximal side of the proximal lobe truncate (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90968F6D5E5FBEF21C2" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[940,1080,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90968F6D5E5FBEF21C2" box="[940,1080,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This association of the sexes corresponds with the emergence phenology of specimens from the reared Turkish series (see above and
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD2410DE9096E79D5C7FAA221A1" box="[1315,1397,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="35.[151,250,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,961]" captionTargetId="figure-99@35.[151,1436,195,961]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 14. Emergence phenology of imagines of Xyela curva, X. graeca and X. menelaus under laboratory conditions between 24.3. (= day 1) and 19.4.1999 (= day 25). Rearing data from two almost syntopic samples (Z42A/98, Z42B/98) taken from Pinus nigra pallasiana in southern Turkey in 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261350/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410DE9096B9DD5BCFAAF2652" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Unlike the males the discrimination of females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90969B2D5BDFC85218A" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[744,850,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90969B2D5BDFC85218A" box="[744,850,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90968DDD5BDFBDA218A" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[903,1037,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90968DDD5BDFBDA218A" box="[903,1037,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is often dubious. The relative length of fore wing: ovipositor sheath and valvifer 2: valvula 3, and the absolute ovipositor sheath length exhibit bimodal distributions. Since a wide overlap is considered, the characters in the key will separate some 80 % of the females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410DE9096B9CD228FAEE26F9" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
In the barcoding analysis,
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410DE909695AD257FD6F2631" box="[512,696,1087,1111]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90969BDD229FC8E263E" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[743,857,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90969BDD229FC8E263E" box="[743,857,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were grouped in a common cluster with 0.93 % intraspecific variability. This cluster is well separated from the cluster comprising specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096EDED20DFED626C6" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096EDED20DFED626C6" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD2410DE9096A4AD2EFFEB326F9" box="[272,356,1159,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,200,1234]" captionTargetId="figure-389@67.[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 23. Barcoding analysis of Xyela species. The tree is primarily based on specimens for which COI sequences longer than 600 bp and including less than three ambigous nucleotides could be obtained. Some shorter sequences have been added to associate sexes or larvae with imagines. Each specimen is labelled as follows: “Xyela ...”—species name; “DEIGISHym ...”—unique identification number of specimen in DEI collection; “Male / Female”—sex, larva if no sex is indicated; e.g., “661” / “603” / “658” ...—base pairs [bp] sequence length; “[0n] / [1n] / [2n]”—0–2 ambiguous nucleotides included in sequence; e.g., “Austria, Karnten [= Kärnten, Carinthia]”—country and province of origin of specimen; “BOLD: ...”—globally unique identifier (GUID). The label “Xyela 005 P. sabiniana sp.” refers to larvae obtained from Pinus sabiniana which here are identified as X. bakeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261368/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). The closest neighbor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90969DCD2E1FD2426C6" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[646,755,1161,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90969DCD2E1FD2426C6" box="[646,755,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE909684ED2E1FC5B26C6" authorityName=": Benson" authorityYear="1961" box="[788,908,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE909684ED2E1FC5B26C6" box="[788,908,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at an interspecific distance of 6.13 %.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410DE9096B9DD2C4FDC927FA" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096B9DD2C4FE8C26A2" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[199,347,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096B9DD2C4FE8C26A2" box="[199,347,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Xyela graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE410DE909691FD2C4FD1A26A2" box="[581,717,1196,1220]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096807D2C4FC6726A2" box="[861,944,1196,1220]" name="Greece" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE90968E0D2C4FB9226A2" author="Stein, J. P. E. F." box="[954,1093,1196,1220]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref71794" refString="Stein, J. P. E. F. (1876) Einige neue dalmatinische, griechische und kleinasiatische Tenthrediniden. Entomologische Zeitung, 37, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1876">Stein (1876)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported his own collection as their place of deposition. Today the collection of J.P.E.F. Stein is preserved at ZMHB (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096FEBD2A7FAE12681" author="Groll, E. K." box="[1201,1334,1231,1255]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref68310" refString="Groll, E. K. (ed) (2010) Biografien der Entomologen der Welt. Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Muncheberg, database version 4.15, http: // www. sdei. de / biographies / (accessed: 7.10.2012)." type="url" year="2010">Groll 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but no corresponding specimen could be found there. Already
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE909685DD29CFC7A276A" author="Benson, R. B." box="[775,941,1268,1292]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="32 - 36" refId="ref66351" refString="Benson, R. B. (1938) European sawflies of the genus Xyela Dalman (sens. lat.) (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B 7 (2), 32 - 36." type="journal article" year="1938">Benson (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that H. Bischoff, former curator of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096B98D370FE8D2756" box="[194,346,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
section of ZMHB, was not able to trace the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096805D371FC192756" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[863,974,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096805D371FC192756" box="[863,974,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type material, “as it was never received there with the rest of the collection”. As types of other taxa described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096884D354FBBD2732" author="Stein, J. P. E. F." box="[990,1130,1340,1364]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref71794" refString="Stein, J. P. E. F. (1876) Einige neue dalmatinische, griechische und kleinasiatische Tenthrediniden. Entomologische Zeitung, 37, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1876">Stein (1876)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096FFFD354FAAD2732" authorityName="J.P.E.F.Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[1189,1402,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Lyda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096FFFD354FAAD2732" box="[1189,1402,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lyda maculipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096BCDD308FE97271E" box="[151,320,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096BCDD308FECA271E" authorityName="Konow" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,285,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Kelidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kelidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
m.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096A20D337FDEB2711" author="Blank, S. M. & Shinohara, A. & Taeger, A." box="[378,572,1375,1399]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="17 - 31" refId="ref66978" refString="Blank, S. M., Shinohara, A. & Taeger, A. (1998) Revisionary notes on pamphiliid sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta: Pamphiliidae). Preliminary studies for a catalogue of Symphyta, part 3. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin, Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 45 (1), 17 - 31." type="journal article" year="1998">Blank et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096926D308FC442711" authorityName="J.P.E.F.Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[636,915,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Cephidae" genus="Pachycephus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smyrnensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096926D308FC442711" box="[636,915,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pachycephus smyrnensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can still to be located in ZMHB, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF5410DE9096E60D308FA4B271E" box="[1338,1436,1376,1400]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096BEFD3EDFEF527FA" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[181,290,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096BEFD3EDFEF527FA" box="[181,290,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are deemed to be lost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410DE9096B9DD3CFFBCD25BD" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096B9DD3CFFEBF27D9" author="Stein, J. P. E. F." box="[199,360,1447,1471]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref71794" refString="Stein, J. P. E. F. (1876) Einige neue dalmatinische, griechische und kleinasiatische Tenthrediniden. Entomologische Zeitung, 37, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1876">Stein’s (1876)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pale
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096AF6D3C0FD9027D9" box="[428,583,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096AF6D3C0FE3B27A6" box="[428,492,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Xyela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE909683BD3C1FC6627A6" box="[865,945,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE909683BD3C1FC6627A6" box="[865,945,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group because of its knife-like ovipositor sheath.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096BB6D3A4FE582782" author="Konow, F. W." box="[236,399,1484,1508]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="55 - 58" refId="ref69140" refString="Konow, F. W. (1897) Ueber die Xyelini. Entomologische Nachrichten (F. Karsch), 23 (4), 55 - 58." type="journal article" year="1897">Konow (1897)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarded it as a “schwächliches Exemplar” (feeblish specimen) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096F22D3A5FB132782" box="[1144,1220,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096F22D3A5FB132782" box="[1144,1220,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096F8BD3A4FABD2782" author="Enslin, E." box="[1233,1386,1484,1508]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="663 - 790" refId="ref67992" refString="Enslin, E. (1918) Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas VII. (Schluss). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, [1917] (Beiheft 7), 663 - 790." type="journal article" year="1918">Enslin (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cast doubt on the correctness of Konow’s opinion referring to Stein’s description of the comparatively short and yellow ovipositor sheath.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096A31D07CFDC4244A" author="Benson, R. B." box="[363,531,1556,1580]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="32 - 36" refId="ref66351" refString="Benson, R. B. (1938) European sawflies of the genus Xyela Dalman (sens. lat.) (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B 7 (2), 32 - 36." type="journal article" year="1938">Benson (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
removed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90969D3D07DFD2E244A" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[649,761,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90969D3D07DFD2E244A" box="[649,761,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from synonymy and applied the name to a Mediterranean species, which is distributed northwards to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE90969DFD05FFD0C2429" box="[645,731,1591,1615]" name="Austria" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Already
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096810D05FFC212429" author="Berland, L." box="[842,1014,1591,1615]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="89 - 92" refId="ref66627" refString="Berland, L. (1943) Les Xyelidae de France [Hym. Sessiliventres]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 48 (6), 89 - 92." type="journal article" year="1943">Berland (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered Stein’s description not to allow the recognition of this species, and the assignment of the name to a particular species to remain uncertain as the type is lost. But he maintained the name for a Mediterranean species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE90968A0D0E8FB7424F1" author="Benson, R. B." box="[1018,1187,1663,1687]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="110 - 112" refId="ref66470" refString="Benson, R. B. (1960) Two new European species of Xyela Dalman (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B (7 - 8), 110 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1960">Benson (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added a very similar species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096A6AD0CCFE5524DA" box="[304,386,1700,1724]" name="Greece" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096AD4D0CDFDCE24DA" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[398,537,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096AD4D0CDFDCE24DA" box="[398,537,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was considered to differ from all previously known in the world by its very short ovipositor. He omitted to give a reason, why he believed it to be different from Stein’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096F86D0A1FA9E2486" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[1244,1353,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096F86D0A1FA9E2486" box="[1244,1353,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was also described due to its short ovipositor. Actually, Stein’s description suits both,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096F3ED085FB042562" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[1124,1235,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096F3ED085FB042562" box="[1124,1235,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096E51D085FA422562" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[1291,1429,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096E51D085FA422562" box="[1291,1429,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and both may be common on Greek stands of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE90969CCD178FCCE2541" authorityName="Arn. (Benes" authorityYear="1975" box="[662,793,1808,1831]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE90969CCD178FCCE2541" box="[662,793,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Interpreting only the original description it is impossible to decide which of them Stein had on hand, as he did not consider the exact proportion of the ovipositor sheath. The designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF5410DE9096A00D130FE652516" box="[346,434,1880,1904]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is necessary to promote nomenclatural stability by assigning the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096FAFD131FAB22516" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[1269,1381,1881,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096FAFD131FAB22516" box="[1269,1381,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to a distinct Mediterranean species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE909691FD115FD4325F2" box="[581,660,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE909691FD115FD4325F2" box="[581,660,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Differing from the original type series a male specimen has been chosen as a consequence of the ambiguous identification of females (Art. 75.3.5.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410DE9096FC6D1C8FAF325DE" author="ICZN & International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[1180,1316,1952,1976]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref68748" refString="ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Like the original types it originates in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410DE9096ABAD1ACFDE425BA" box="[480,563,1988,2012]" name="Greece" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It was reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410DE9096848D1ADFBC425BA" box="[786,1043,1988,2012]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="pallasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410DE9096848D1ADFBC425BA" box="[786,1043,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pinus nigra pallasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410EE90A6B9DD6F0FCD2237A" blockId="38.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
In a footnote
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410EE90A6A07D6FFFDD022C9" author="Berland, L." box="[349,519,151,175]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="89 - 92" refId="ref66627" refString="Berland, L. (1943) Les Xyelidae de France [Hym. Sessiliventres]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 48 (6), 89 - 92." type="journal article" year="1943">Berland (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A69D1D6F1FD2F22D6" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[651,760,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A69D1D6F1FD2F22D6" box="[651,760,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collection material from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB5410EE90A6F64D6F0FB4422C9" box="[1086,1171,152,175]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">MNHN</collectingRegion>
|
||
labeled as “
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6E47D6F0FAAE22D6" box="[1309,1401,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">pinicola</emphasis>
|
||
, n. sp.” by Abeille de Perrin. However, the name is not available as “
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A682FD6D4FC0622B2" box="[885,977,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">pinicola</emphasis>
|
||
”, because it refers to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6F9FD6D4FAF322B2" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[1221,1316,188,212]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6F9FD6D4FAF322B2" box="[1221,1316,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pinicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has been assessed as a valid generic name in former times (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410EE90A6876D6B7FC112291" author="Berland, L." box="[812,966,223,247]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref66661" refString="Berland, L. (1947) Hymenopteres Tenthredinoides. In: Faune de France. P. Lechevalier, Paris., vol. 47, 496 pp." type="book" year="1947">Berland 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who refers to the same specimen citing it as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6B98D76CFEF6237A" authority="Blank & Shinohara & Altenhofer, 2013" authorityName="Blank & Shinohara & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2013" box="[194,289,260,284]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6B98D76CFEF6237A" box="[194,289,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pinicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D38B803E410EE90A6A74D76CFEBC237A" box="[302,363,260,284]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
” written with a capital initial letter).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410EE90A6B9DD74FFB702305" blockId="38.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Study of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6A03D741FE142359" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1965" box="[345,451,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6A03D741FE142359" box="[345,451,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. nigrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF5410EE90A6A91D74FFDFA2359" box="[459,557,295,319]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
confirms the synonymy of this name with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6F4CD741FB532326" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[1046,1156,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6F4CD741FB532326" box="[1046,1156,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has already been proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410EE90A6A7DD724FE3C2302" author="Rasnitsyn, A. P." box="[295,491,332,356]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="187 - 196" refId="ref70505" refString="Rasnitsyn, A. P. (1971) [Evolution of the Hymenoptera of the family Xyelidae.] (In Russian). Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal, 130, 187 - 196." type="journal article" year="1971">Rasnitsyn (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6969D725FD4C2302" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1965" box="[563,667,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6969D725FD4C2302" box="[563,667,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. nigrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type specimens were reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6F47D725FB772302" authorityName="Arn. (Benes" authorityYear="1975" box="[1053,1184,333,356]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6F47D725FB772302" box="[1053,1184,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410EE90A6B9DD707FC8D2071" blockId="38.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410EE90A6B9DD707FEBF23E1" author="Schedl, W." box="[199,360,367,391]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="145 - 157" refId="ref71106" refString="Schedl, W. (1981) Die Pflanzenwespen der Insel Kreta (Insecta: Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich- Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 68, 145 - 157." type="journal article" year="1981">Schedl (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported dark “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A697ED719FD4323EE" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[548,660,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A697ED719FD4323EE" box="[548,660,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” females collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A68E7D719FBF723EE" authorityName="Ten. (Schedl" authorityYear="1981" box="[957,1056,368,392]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brutia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A68E7D719FBF723EE" box="[957,1056,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. brutia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
near Thripi on the Greek island Crete, and accordingly he concluded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6960D7FDFD4D23CA" authorityName="Ten. (Schedl" authorityYear="1981" box="[570,666,404,428]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brutia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6960D7FDFD4D23CA" box="[570,666,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. brutia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be an additional host plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6F54D7FDFBAC23CA" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[1038,1147,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6F54D7FDFBAC23CA" box="[1038,1147,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA6410EE90A6FD0D7FCFAFC23CA" author="Berland, L." box="[1162,1323,404,428]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="192" refId="ref66590" refString="Berland, L. (1937) Sur la presence en Afrique du Nord d'une espece du genre Xyela [Hym. Tenthredinoidea]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 42, 192." type="journal article" year="1937">Berland (1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6B86D7D1FEA523A9" box="[220,370,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6B86D7D1FEFE23B6" box="[220,297,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
, 1943
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) accounted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6AA6D7D1FCCB23A9" box="[508,796,440,464]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigra" variety="mauretanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6AA6D7D1FD8023A9" box="[508,599,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A69CAD7D0FCCB23A9" box="[656,796,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">mauretanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a host of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A68EBD7D1FBC823B6" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[945,1055,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A68EBD7D1FBC823B6" box="[945,1055,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6E55D7D1FAA923B6" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[1295,1406,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6E55D7D1FAA923B6" box="[1295,1406,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410EE90A6BCDD7B4FF2B2395" box="[151,252,476,499]" name="Morocco" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410EE90A6A7CD7B4FEAD2392" box="[294,378,476,500]" name="Algeria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
has not been confirmed. Such material belongs to forms which are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6E5AD7B5FA4B2392" authorityName="Blank" authorityYear="2013" box="[1280,1436,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altenhoferi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6E5AD7B5FA4B2392" box="[1280,1436,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. altenhoferi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD2410EE90A6BC5D797FF272071" box="[159,240,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,663,1453]" captionTargetId="figure-357@33.[151,1436,651,1464]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 13. Records of Xyela altenhoferi (12 specimens from 1 collection site) and natural distribution of the host plant, Pinus halepensis (solid line, according to Barbéro et al. 1998). “B?” and “H?” denote additional collection sites of similar, unidentified Xyela specimens collected close to or reared from P. brutia or P. halepensis (see text)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261348/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) and these host record should be deleted for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A69BCD469FC84207E" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[742,851,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A69BCD469FC84207E" box="[742,851,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E157410EE90A6B9DD44CFBF120C1" blockId="38.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Single specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6AE8D44DFDF7205A" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[434,544,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6AE8D44DFDF7205A" box="[434,544,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred in a reared series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6823D44DFC10205A" box="[889,967,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6823D44DFC10205A" box="[889,967,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6F57D44DFB45205A" box="[1037,1170,548,572]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6F57D44DFB45205A" box="[1037,1170,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The sample was taken from a mixed stand of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6ACCD421FDCD2006" box="[406,538,584,608]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6ACCD421FDCD2006" box="[406,538,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A690AD421FD7F2039" authorityName="Arn. (Benes" authorityYear="1975" box="[592,680,584,608]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A690AD421FD7F2039" box="[592,680,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Lower Austria. In northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C7410EE90A6F77D42FFB422039" box="[1069,1173,583,607]" name="Germany" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A6FC7D421FAF62006" box="[1181,1313,584,608]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A6FC7D421FAF62006" box="[1181,1313,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found to shed pollen about two weeks earlier than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD4410EE90A69C5D405FD2C20E2" authorityName="Arn. (Benes" authorityYear="1975" box="[671,763,621,644]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D45410EE90A69C5D405FD2C20E2" box="[671,763,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but after a cold spring the phenology of both pines may overlap providing females the opportunity to oviposit on an unusual pine species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |