323 lines
42 KiB
XML
323 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7A75EECCB990ACA6C2850598FCC2E19B"><strong> The Eurasian species of <em> Xyela </ em> (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae): taxonomy, host plants and distribution </ strong></mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2CE497472E58459C860F035A8764006D">Blank, Stephan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="00D0CF2C69FE3F3908042ECE2A1FBE13">Shinohara, Akihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8BB72CD6D03CF3AE78286CFB0111A955">Altenhofer, Ewald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="70CD480802275F7C8863657B10514538">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EC0A50AFA9FC2B68947D2CE11BFD98BA">2013-03-18</mods:number>
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<treatment id="726550414104E9016BCDD364FBC1242E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261654" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194443973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261654" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726550414104E9016BCDD364FBC1242E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/726550414104E9016BCDD364FBC1242E" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4104E9006BCDD364FDD52740" box="[151,514,1292,1318]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574104E9006BCDD364FDD52740" blockId="44.[151,514,1292,1318]" box="[151,514,1292,1318]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="A13B563B4104E9006BCDD364FDD52740" bold="true" box="[151,514,1292,1318]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44104E9006BCDD364FDD52740" authority="Benson, 1960" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,514,1292,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D454104E9006BCDD364FDD52740" bold="true" box="[151,514,1292,1318]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D454104E9006BCDD364FE812740" bold="true" box="[151,342,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Xyela menelaus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64104E9006A07D364FDD52740" author="Benson, R. B." box="[349,514,1292,1318]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="110 - 112" refId="ref66470" refString="Benson, R. B. (1960) Two new European species of Xyela Dalman (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B (7 - 8), 110 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1960">Benson, 1960</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4104E9006BCDD33BFA9B27EE" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574104E9006BCDD33BFBAE270F" blockId="44.[151,1356,1363,1416]" box="[151,1145,1363,1385]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DADCC6794104E9006BCDD33BFBAE270F" box="[151,1145,1363,1385]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC7464104E9006BCDD33BFE2C270F" author="Benson, R. B." box="[151,507,1363,1385]" page="111" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1960">
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44104E9006BCDD33BFE2C270F" authority="Benson, 1960: 111" authorityName="Benson" authorityPageNumber="111" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,507,1363,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D454104E9006BCDD33BFEE0270F" box="[151,311,1363,1385]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Xyela menelaus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64104E9006A67D33CFE2C270F" author="Benson, R. B." box="[317,507,1363,1385]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="110 - 112" refId="ref66470" refString="Benson, R. B. (1960) Two new European species of Xyela Dalman (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B (7 - 8), 110 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1960">Benson, 1960: 111</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4104E900695CD33CFDCE270F" box="[518,537,1364,1385]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<typeStatus id="25775FF54104E900697CD33CFD85270F" box="[550,594,1364,1385]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74104E90069EBD33BFD2C270F" box="[689,763,1363,1385]" name="Greece" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Greece</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="38082FB54104E900685FD33BFC44270F" box="[773,915,1363,1385]" country="Greece" name="Peloponnisos" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Peloponnesus</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="FF13B78C4104E90068C7D33CFBA1270F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726550414104E9016BCDD364FBC1242E:FF13B78C4104E90068C7D33CFBA1270F" box="[925,1142,1363,1385]" country="Greece" name="Taiygetos Mountains" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Peloponnisos">Taïygetos Mountains</location>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574104E9006BCDD31AFA9B27EE" blockId="44.[151,1356,1363,1416]" box="[151,1356,1394,1416]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DADCC6794104E9006BCDD31AFA9B27EE" box="[151,1356,1394,1416]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC7464104E9006BCDD31AFD0427EE" author="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E." box="[151,723,1394,1416]" page="276" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="2000">
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44104E9006BCDD31AFD0427EE" authority=": Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer 2000: 276" authorityName=": Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer" authorityPageNumber="276" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,723,1394,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D454104E9006BCDD31AFECA27EE" box="[151,285,1394,1416]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Xyela graeca</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64104E9006A70D31AFD0427EE" author="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E." box="[298,723,1394,1416]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="273 - 327" refId="ref70428" refString="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E. (2000) Langjahrige Larvenaufsammlungen und Zuchten von Pflanzenwespen (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) in Mitteleuropa. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 32 (1), 273 - 327." type="journal article" year="2000">Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer 2000: 276</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
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||
(partly misidentified);
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<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC7464104E90068E4D31AFBB027EE" author="Blank, S. M." box="[958,1127,1394,1416]" page="218" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64104E90068E4D31AFBB027EE" author="Blank, S. M." box="[958,1127,1394,1416]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="197 - 233" refId="ref66820" refString="Blank, S. M. (2002) The Western Palaearctic Xyelidae (Hymenoptera). In: Viitasaari, M. (ed.) Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I. A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea. Tremex Press, Helsinki, pp. 197 - 233." type="book chapter" year="2002">Blank 2002: 218</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(partly misidentified).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4104E9016BCDD3DCFD2521F8" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574104E9006BCDD3DCFBD9248A" blockId="44.[151,1436,1460,2023]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D454104E9006BCDD3DCFEF627AB" bold="true" box="[151,289,1460,1485]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description</emphasis>
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. Female. Color. Head yellow with brown and black pattern: black stripes along frontal furrows often fading and at most 2 times wider than ocellar diameter, meeting black ocellar and postocellar area, black longitudinal medial spot of frons always present, weak in pale specimens, kidney-shaped spots on vertex separate from black postocellar area (
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<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24104E9006ABFD048FDEB245E" box="[485,572,1568,1592]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–65" captionStartId="70.[151,263,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-41@70.[151,1436,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 42–65. Color pattern of head of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. rasnitsyni group, X. julii group (part). Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261372/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
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). Antennae brown or pale brown. Thorax dorsally brown with rich yellow pattern on pronotum, mesonotal lobes and mesoscutellum, tegulae yellow and sometimes brown in middle, mesepisternum largely pale yellow. Abdominal terga brown, lateral parts of terga 7, 8 and 9+10 yellow or pale brown, valvifer 2 completely yellow or pale brown, membrane between valvifer 2 and valvula 3 white, valvula 3 varying from yellow to pale brown (
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<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24104E9006974D0D8FD5824AE" box="[558,655,1712,1736]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–120" captionStartId="74.[151,263,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-34@74.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 105–120. Ovipositor sheaths of Xyela species. All figures at same scale. Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261380/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 110</figureCitation>
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). Legs pale brown, posterior coxae pale brown or yellow and more or less infuscate from base. Wing membrane clear, venation and pterostigma pale.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574104E9016B9DD090FE722304" blockId="44.[151,1436,1460,2023]" lastBlockId="45.[151,1436,151,1609]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Morphology. Fore wing
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<quantity id="3D344CB24104E9006A81D090FDB52576" box="[475,610,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="3.7" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.2">3.2–4.2 mm</quantity>
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long, (?2.25–)2.40–2.80 times longer than ovipositor sheath, vein Rs+M 200–310 µm long, 2r-m meeting Rs 230–300 µm proximal to furcation of Rs1 and Rs2. Synantennomere 3 530–690 µm long, antennomere 4 140–170 µm long and 4.5–6.0 times longer than wide distally. Article 3 of maxillary palp 400–500 µm long, 1.45–1.75 times longer than scape and wider than synantennomere 3. OOL: POL = 1.45–1.90: 1. Ovipositor sheath 1.30–1.65(–1.70) µm long, valvula 3 1.35–1.70(–?1.80) times longer than valvifer 2 and 4.0–4.5(–4.8) times longer than wide at base (
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<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24104E900680AD1C3FC6425A5" box="[848,947,1963,1987]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–120" captionStartId="74.[151,263,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-34@74.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 105–120. Ovipositor sheaths of Xyela species. All figures at same scale. Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261380/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 110</figureCitation>
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). Valvula 3 of ovipositor compressed, pale membranous area about as long as basal width of valvula 3, dorsal edge of valvula 3 sloping down to round tip, distally with sensilla field exposed and directed caudally, bearing 3 setae. Ovipositor almost straight and compressed. Left and right valvulae 2 fused along dorsal edge in basal half. Valvula 1 with aulax terminating distally, ventral edge sloping up to tip, with 14–15 oblique closely spaced annuli in distal quarter, without serrulae, olistether with 5 setae. Valvula 2 with smooth dorsal margin, tapering in distal half, pale and evenly sclerotized, with 4(–5) annuli and in distal 0.4 with single sensilla campaniformia. Posterior tibia
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<quantity id="3D344CB24105E9016F37D74FFAC62358" box="[1133,1297,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.8">0.80–1.10 mm</quantity>
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long, claws without subapical tooth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574105E9016B9CD706FD1523CC" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,1609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Male. Color. Similar to female, but often generally paler (see
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<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24105E90168D9D706FC0423E0" box="[899,979,366,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–65" captionStartId="70.[151,263,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-41@70.[151,1436,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 42–65. Color pattern of head of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. rasnitsyni group, X. julii group (part). Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261372/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
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for color pattern of head). Hypopygium yellow, often also preapical sterna largely yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574105E9016B9DD7DEFE9E211C" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,1609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Morphology. Fore wing 3.0–
|
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|
||
long, Rs+M 160–290 µm long, 2r-m meeting Rs 170–290 µm proximal to furcation of Rs1 and Rs2. Synantennomere 3 560–750 µm long, antennomere 4 160–220 µm long and 5.5–7.0 times longer than wide distally. Article 3 of maxillary palp 360–450 µm long, 1.30–1.50 times longer than scape and wider than synantennomere 3. OOL: POL = 1.55–1.95: 1. Longitudinal apodeme of basiparamere curved, basal portion in lateral position, harpe about as long as wide in lateral view. Lower ergot on valvular stalk absent. Valviceps 1.60–1.85 times longer than wide on medial lobe, lateral lamella distinct and oblique, proximal lobe of penis valve at proximal vertical edge truncate, 0.18–0.27 times as long as valviceps and 0.75–0.80 times as high as medial lobe, excision on lower edge 0.23–0.27 as deep as width of medial lobe, valviceps on medial lobe 1.15–1.30(–1.35) times wider than on distal lobe, 2 distal flagella present, tip of longer flagellum reaching 0.85–0.90(–0.95) width of distal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24105E9016912D49FFD7D2169" box="[584,682,759,783]" captionStart="FIGURES 136–145" captionStartId="77.[151,263,1745,1768]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-41@77.[151,1436,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 136–145. Penis valves of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. julii group (part). Figs 138–139 and 141 reproduced from Blank et al. (2005)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261388/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valviceps with median longitudinal sclerotization present, medial lobe almost symmetrical and broad, with 5–9 cone-like sensilla along upper edge and scattered on lateral surface, upper edge between medial and distal lobe with 7–11 setae. Posterior tibia
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24105E9016F52D557FB792130" box="[1032,1198,831,855]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.95" valueMin="0.75">0.75–0.95 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, claws without subapical tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574105E9016B9DD5EEFD2521F8" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,1609]" box="[199,754,902,926]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016B9DD5EEFEE221F8" bold="true" box="[199,309,902,926]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Barcodes</emphasis>
|
||
. GUID
|
||
<specimenCode id="AA6A492C4105E9016ACAD5EEFDD221F8" box="[400,517,902,926]" collectionCode="ABU" country="Nigeria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yxf0-qify" name="Ahmadu Bello University Herbarium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">ABU9016</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="AA6A492C4105E901694BD5EEFD5321F8" box="[529,644,902,926]" collectionCode="ABU" country="Nigeria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yxf0-qify" name="Ahmadu Bello University Herbarium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">ABU9017</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4105E90169C9D5EEFD6021F8" box="[659,695,902,926]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4105E90169E4D5EEFD3621F8" box="[702,737,902,926]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4105E9016B9DD5C2FAFE266F" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574105E9016B9DD5C2FAFE266F" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,1609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016B9DD5C2FEB921A4" bold="true" box="[199,366,937,962]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4AA4EB0A4105E9016A27D5C2FAFE266F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746410311" collectingDate="1955-05-21" collectionCode="MZLS" collectorName="J. Aubert" country="Greece" determinerName="R. B. Benson" elevation="2400" location="Peloponese Taygete" municipality="Peloponese Taygete" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54105E9016A27D5C2FE3221A4" box="[381,485,938,962]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4105E9016AB4D5C2FDD421A7" box="[494,515,938,961]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
: [round label with red margin:] “Type”; “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74105E9016881D5C2FBC921A4" box="[987,1054,938,962]" name="Greece" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Gréce</collectingCountry>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1A177B2D4105E9016F61D5C2FACC21A4" box="[1083,1307,938,962]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Péloponése Taygéte</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<date id="8E72C7974105E9016E7ED5C2FA4B21A4" box="[1316,1436,938,962]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1955-05-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9E363E7F4105E9016E7ED5C2FA4B21A4" box="[1316,1436,938,962]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1955-05-21">21 V 1955</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName id="573984814105E9016BCDD5A6FED42180" box="[151,259,974,998]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">J. Aubert</collectorName>
|
||
” [back side:] “
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24105E9016AEED5A6FDC42180" box="[436,531,974,998]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2400.0">
|
||
<elevation id="71E106644105E9016AEED5A6FDC42180" box="[436,531,974,998]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
”; “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E9016960D5A6FD382180" box="[570,751,974,998]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menalaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016960D5A6FD382180" box="[570,751,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Xyela menalaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic!] sp. n. ♀ det.
|
||
<determinerName id="0FAF0D934105E9016887D5A6FBAD2183" box="[989,1146,974,997]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">R. B. Benson</determinerName>
|
||
1959”; “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E9016FB2D5A6FF3C266F" authority="Benson" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016FB2D5A6FA4B2180" box="[1256,1436,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Xyela menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
Benson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. S. M. Blank 2000”. Abdomen partly covered by mould, right anterior wing missing.
|
||
<collectionCode id="9CDD79924105E9016F8DD599FAF2266F" box="[1239,1317,1009,1033]" collectionName="Switzerland, Lausanne, Musee Zoologique" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4p9p-7ns0" name="Musee Zoologique" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">MZLS</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4105E9016B9DD270FA5F2611" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574105E9016B9DD270FDCD2635" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,1609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016B9DD270FE922656" bold="true" box="[199,325,1048,1072]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54105E9016B9DD270FF282656" box="[199,255,1048,1072]" country="Afghanistan" name="Khost" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Host</collectingRegion>
|
||
plant
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<superScript id="0DB94C1F4105E9016A0ED27FFE8A2679" attach="right" box="[340,349,1047,1055]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">●</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E9016A07D271FD442656" authority="ssp. nigra Arn." authorityName="Arn." box="[349,659,1048,1072]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016A07D271FE362656" box="[349,481,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016946D271FD8E2656" box="[540,601,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">nigra</emphasis>
|
||
Arn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4105E90169FED270FD102656" box="[676,711,1048,1072]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4105E9016995D271FD262656" box="[719,753,1049,1072]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="male">7♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from 2 reared samples),
|
||
<superScript id="0DB94C1F4105E9016F54D27FFBC02679" attach="right" box="[1038,1047,1047,1055]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">●</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E9016F4DD271FA4B2656" authority="Lamb." authorityName="Lamb." box="[1047,1436,1048,1072]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="pallasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016F4DD271FB4C2656" box="[1047,1179,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016F8FD270FA9C2656" box="[1237,1355,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">pallasiana</emphasis>
|
||
Lamb.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4105E9016BC5D253FF062635" box="[159,209,1083,1107]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="female">69♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4105E9016B82D253FEDE2635" box="[216,265,1083,1107]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="male">90♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from 7 reared samples).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574105E9016B9DD237FA5F2611" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,1609]" box="[199,1416,1119,1144]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016B9DD237FE36261E" bold="true" box="[199,481,1119,1144]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74105E9016AB4D237FD962611" box="[494,577,1119,1143]" name="Austria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74105E9016916D237FD482611" box="[588,671,1119,1143]" name="Croatia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74105E90169F0D208FD222611" box="[682,757,1120,1143]" name="France" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74105E9016859D237FC8B2611" box="[771,860,1119,1143]" name="France" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74105E9016834D237FC682611" box="[878,959,1119,1143]" name="Greece" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74105E9016890D208FBFC261E" box="[970,1067,1120,1144]" name="Hungary" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74105E9016F6FD237FBB02611" box="[1077,1127,1119,1143]" name="Italy" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54105E9016F2CD237FB6D2611" box="[1142,1210,1119,1143]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74105E9016F97D237FACB2611" box="[1229,1308,1119,1143]" name="Turkey" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24105E9016E70D237FAAC2611" box="[1322,1403,1119,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,339,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-433@44.[151,1436,339,1140]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 18. Records of Xyela menelaus (311 specimens from 20 collection sites) and natural distribution of the host plant, Pinus nigra (solid line, combined from Meusel et al. 1965 and Barbéro et al. 1998)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261358/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4105E9016B9DD2EBFBC1242E" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574105E9016B9DD2EBFE272760" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,1609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016B9DD2EBFEE326FD" bold="true" box="[199,308,1155,1179]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. See
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E9016A22D2EBFDC626FD" authorityName=": Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2000" box="[376,529,1155,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016A22D2EBFDC626FD" box="[376,529,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Xyela graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for species differentiation. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64105E90168AED2ECFB4926FD" author="Benson, R. B." box="[1012,1182,1155,1179]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="110 - 112" refId="ref66470" refString="Benson, R. B. (1960) Two new European species of Xyela Dalman (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B (7 - 8), 110 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1960">Benson (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the relative length of valvifer 2: valvula 3 should be 1: 1.1, but actually the
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54105E9016842D2CFFCAD26D9" box="[792,890,1191,1215]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
measures 1: 1.48. Possibly due to these wrong data and the high similarity with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E901696ED2A3FD7F2684" authorityName=": Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2000" box="[564,680,1227,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E901696ED2A3FD7F2684" box="[564,680,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E90169E6D2A3FC9A2685" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[700,845,1227,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E90169E6D2A3FC9A2685" box="[700,845,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has never been reported since Benson’s original description until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64105E9016A0ED286FE3B2760" author="Blank, S. M." box="[340,492,1262,1286]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="197 - 233" refId="ref66820" refString="Blank, S. M. (2002) The Western Palaearctic Xyelidae (Hymenoptera). In: Viitasaari, M. (ed.) Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I. A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea. Tremex Press, Helsinki, pp. 197 - 233." type="book chapter" year="2002">Blank (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574105E9016B9DD37AFB6127F3" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,1609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
The
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4105E9016BA3D37AFE77274C" box="[249,416,1298,1322]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E9016A9FD37BFD99274C" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[453,590,1298,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016A9FD37BFD99274C" box="[453,590,1298,1322]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in the barcoding analysis display an intraspecific variation of 6.44 % (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24105E9016BE7D35EFEC72728" box="[189,272,1334,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,200,1234]" captionTargetId="figure-389@67.[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 23. Barcoding analysis of Xyela species. The tree is primarily based on specimens for which COI sequences longer than 600 bp and including less than three ambigous nucleotides could be obtained. Some shorter sequences have been added to associate sexes or larvae with imagines. Each specimen is labelled as follows: “Xyela ...”—species name; “DEIGISHym ...”—unique identification number of specimen in DEI collection; “Male / Female”—sex, larva if no sex is indicated; e.g., “661” / “603” / “658” ...—base pairs [bp] sequence length; “[0n] / [1n] / [2n]”—0–2 ambiguous nucleotides included in sequence; e.g., “Austria, Karnten [= Kärnten, Carinthia]”—country and province of origin of specimen; “BOLD: ...”—globally unique identifier (GUID). The label “Xyela 005 P. sabiniana sp.” refers to larvae obtained from Pinus sabiniana which here are identified as X. bakeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261368/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). They form two clusters at a distance of 5.85 %; specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74105E90168ABD35EFB972728" box="[1009,1088,1334,1358]" name="Greece" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
with ABU9017 and specimens from Sicily with ABU9016. No evident morphological differences could be found between these clusters so far. The next neighbor of
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016AD3D316FD4E27F0" box="[393,665,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E9016AD3D316FDC227F0" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[393,533,1406,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">X. menelaus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E901697AD316FD4E27F0" authorityName=": Benson" authorityYear="1961" box="[544,665,1406,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">X. obscura</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, is placed at an interspecific distance of 5.55 %.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574105E9016B9DD3C9FBC1242E" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,1609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64105E9016B9DD3C9FE8B27DF" author="Blank, S. M." box="[199,348,1441,1465]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="197 - 233" refId="ref66820" refString="Blank, S. M. (2002) The Western Palaearctic Xyelidae (Hymenoptera). In: Viitasaari, M. (ed.) Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I. A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea. Tremex Press, Helsinki, pp. 197 - 233." type="book chapter" year="2002">Blank (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not recognize the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E9016985D3CAFCBE27DF" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1960" box="[735,873,1441,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016985D3CAFCBE27DF" box="[735,873,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E901689ED3CAFBE627DF" authorityName=": Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2000" box="[964,1073,1442,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E901689ED3CAFBE627DF" box="[964,1073,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54105E9016F25D3C9FB1927DF" box="[1151,1230,1441,1465]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Vienna</collectingRegion>
|
||
Basin. Ecological characters reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E9016AFCD3AEFDC027BB" authorityName=": Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2000" box="[422,535,1478,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016AFCD3AEFDC027BB" box="[422,535,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
like parasitism by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E90169A0D3ADFBD427BB" authorityName="van Achterberg & Altenhofer" authorityYear="1997" box="[762,1027,1477,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Xyeloblacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucobasis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E90169A0D3ADFBD427BB" box="[762,1027,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Xyeloblacus leucobasis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and up to 3 years’ duration of the diapause may apply to both taxa, which were reared from the same samples (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64105E90168ACD380FA4F2466" author="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E." box="[1014,1432,1512,1536]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="273 - 327" refId="ref70428" refString="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E. (2000) Langjahrige Larvenaufsammlungen und Zuchten von Pflanzenwespen (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) in Mitteleuropa. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 32 (1), 273 - 327." type="journal article" year="2000">Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64105E9016BCDD064FECA2442" author="Blank, S. M." box="[151,285,1548,1572]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="197 - 233" refId="ref66820" refString="Blank, S. M. (2002) The Western Palaearctic Xyelidae (Hymenoptera). In: Viitasaari, M. (ed.) Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I. A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea. Tremex Press, Helsinki, pp. 197 - 233." type="book chapter" year="2002">Blank 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Actually these two species display different imaginal emergence phenologies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24105E9016FC2D064FB3D2442" box="[1176,1258,1548,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="35.[151,250,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,961]" captionTargetId="figure-99@35.[151,1436,195,961]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 14. Emergence phenology of imagines of Xyela curva, X. graeca and X. menelaus under laboratory conditions between 24.3. (= day 1) and 19.4.1999 (= day 25). Rearing data from two almost syntopic samples (Z42A/98, Z42B/98) taken from Pinus nigra pallasiana in southern Turkey in 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261350/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
; see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44105E9016E45D065FA5B2442" authorityName=": Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2000" box="[1311,1420,1549,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454105E9016E45D065FA5B2442" box="[1311,1420,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which possibly may also be reflected in larval feeding strategies and parasitism.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |