1128 lines
139 KiB
XML
1128 lines
139 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="111E4A4AD3617F92799560DA2B0F92A0"><strong> The Eurasian species of <em> Xyela </ em> (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae): taxonomy, host plants and distribution </ strong></mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="66E13207F2AA00491C10F9B89FB632FA">Blank, Stephan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5986E7FB045A1F861F9B2B513FB4E5E1">Shinohara, Akihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="08A0952C026742B0F8C80D82AECFB719">Altenhofer, Ewald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CCF87EDB6110A2A4E7ED3C2C9129B420" type="email">stephan.blank@senckenberg.de.</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="7942147F2B16D521B72C3634D343150A">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="36FC3C95B062AD94CAC41DF9A19F5FDE">2013-03-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6042697F6D2F9722FC2D8AD75386A438">3629</mods:number>
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<treatment id="726550414100E9006BCDD025FB1D237A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6412596" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194443974" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6412596" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726550414100E9006BCDD025FB1D237A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/726550414100E9006BCDD025FB1D237A" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4100E9046BCDD025FE242400" box="[151,499,1612,1639]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574100E9046BCDD025FE242400" blockId="40.[151,499,1612,1639]" box="[151,499,1612,1639]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="A13B563B4100E9046BCDD025FE242400" bold="true" box="[151,499,1612,1639]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44100E9046BCDD025FE242400" authority="(Brebisson, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[151,499,1612,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454100E9046BCDD025FE242400" bold="true" box="[151,499,1612,1639]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="C8B83D454100E9046BCDD025FEC32401" bold="true" box="[151,276,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Xyela julii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64100E9046A78D024FE3C2400" author="Brebisson, J. B. G. de" box="[290,491,1612,1638]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref67112" refString="Brebisson, J. B. G. de (1818) see Blainville, H. de." type="book" year="1818">Brébisson, 1818</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4100E9046BCDD0FBFDA62525" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574100E9046BCDD0FBFA5624CF" blockId="40.[151,1436,1683,1859]" box="[151,1409,1683,1705]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44100E9046BCDD0FBFE5024CF" authorityName="Brébisson" box="[151,391,1683,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Pinicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454100E9046BCDD0FBFECB24CF" box="[151,284,1683,1705]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pinicola julii</emphasis>
|
||
Brébisson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[reported by Blainville], 1818: 117,
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4100E90469A1D0FCFCD924CF" box="[763,782,1684,1705]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54100E9046877D0FCFC8E24CF" box="[813,857,1684,1705]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
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||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74100E90468E2D0FBFBD224CF" box="[952,1029,1683,1705]" name="Austria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54100E9046F4AD0FCFB7224CF" box="[1040,1189,1683,1705]" country="Austria" name="Niederoesterreich" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lower Austria</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1A177B2D4100E9046FF5D0FBFADF24CF" box="[1199,1288,1683,1705]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Hörweix</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
near
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C4100E9046E1AD0FCFAAA24CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726550414100E9006BCDD025FB1D237A:FF13B78C4100E9046E1AD0FCFAAA24CF" box="[1344,1405,1684,1705]" country="Austria" municipality="Horweix" name="Etzen" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" stateProvince="Niederoesterreich">Etzen</location>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574100E9046BCDD0DAFD1724AE" blockId="40.[151,1436,1683,1859]" box="[151,704,1714,1736]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DADCC6794100E9046BCDD0DAFD1724AE" box="[151,704,1714,1736]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC7464100E9046BCDD0DAFE6124AE" author="Konow, F. W." box="[151,438,1714,1736]" page="57" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1897">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44100E9046BCDD0DAFE6124AE" authority=": Konow 1897: 57" authorityName=": Konow" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,438,1714,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454100E9046BCDD0DAFED724AE" box="[151,256,1714,1736]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Xyela julii</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64100E9046A56D0DBFE6124AE" author="Konow, F. W." box="[268,438,1714,1736]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="55 - 58" refId="ref69140" refString="Konow, F. W. (1897) Ueber die Xyelini. Entomologische Nachrichten (F. Karsch), 23 (4), 55 - 58." type="journal article" year="1897">Konow 1897: 57</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(combination with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44100E9046924D0DAFD6024AE" authorityName="Blank & Shinohara & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2013" box="[638,695,1714,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454100E9046924D0DAFD6024AE" box="[638,695,1714,1736]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Xyela</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA73E1574100E9046BCDD0B9FAF52563" blockId="40.[151,1436,1683,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DADCC6794100E9046BCDD0B9FAF52563" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC7464100E9046BCDD0B9FDD32481" author="Dalman, J. W." box="[151,516,1745,1767]" page="124" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1819">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44100E9046BCDD0B9FDD32481" authority="Dalman, 1819: 124" authorityName="Dalman" authorityPageNumber="124" authorityYear="1819" box="[151,516,1745,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454100E9046BCDD0B9FEF42481" box="[151,291,1745,1767]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Xyela pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64100E9046A6BD0B9FDD32481" author="Dalman, J. W." box="[305,516,1745,1767]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="117 - 127" refId="ref67724" refString="Dalman, J. W. (1819) Nagra nya Insect-Genera. Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar, pp. 117 - 127." type="book chapter" year="1819">Dalman, 1819: 124</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 1–11,
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4100E90469D5D0B9FD752480" box="[655,674,1745,1766]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54100E9046993D0B9FD222480" box="[713,757,1745,1766]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
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locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74100E9046839D0B9FC612481" box="[867,950,1745,1767]" name="Sweden" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Uplandia and Vestrogothia [=
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54100E9046E4CD0B9FA4F2481" box="[1302,1432,1745,1767]" country="Sweden" name="Uppsala" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Uppsala län</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54100E9046B9DD087FEAA2563" box="[199,381,1775,1797]" country="Sweden" name="Vastmanland" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Västmanlands län</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Skaraborgs län or Älvborgs län];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC7464100E9046983D087FBCB2563" author="Lepeletier, A. & Serville, J. G. & Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A. & Audinet de Serville, J. G." box="[729,1052,1775,1797]" page="792" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1828">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64100E9046983D087FBCB2563" author="Lepeletier, A. & Serville, J. G. & Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A. & Audinet de Serville, J. G." box="[729,1052,1775,1797]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="345 - 833" refId="ref69443" refString="Lepeletier, A. & Serville, J. G. [= Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A. & Audinet de Serville, J. G.] (1828) In: Latreille, P. A., LePeletier de Saint-Fargeau, A., Serville, A. J. G. & Guerin. Encyclopedie Methodique. Histoire naturelle. Entomologie, ou Histoire naturelle des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes. [ed. Latreille]. Agasse, Paris, 10 (2), 345 - 833." type="journal article" year="1828">Lepeletier & Serville 1828: 792</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44100E9046FB1D087FAC32563" authorityName=": Konow" authorityYear="1897" box="[1259,1300,1775,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454100E9046FB1D087FAC32563" box="[1259,1300,1775,1797]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574100E9046BCDD166FAFC2542" blockId="40.[151,1436,1683,1859]" box="[151,1323,1806,1828]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DADCC6794100E9046BCDD166FAFC2542" box="[151,1323,1806,1828]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC7464100E9046BCDD166FE2A2542" author="Mocsary, A." box="[151,509,1806,1828]" page="131" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1912">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44100E9046BCDD166FE2A2542" authority="Mocsary, 1912: 131" authorityName="Mocsary" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,509,1806,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454100E9046BCDD166FEFC2542" box="[151,299,1806,1828]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Xyela henschii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64100E9046A6BD166FE2A2542" author="Mocsary, A." box="[305,509,1806,1828]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="131" refId="ref70056" refString="Mocsary, A. (1912) Ket uj Hymenoptera-faj. (Species Hymenopterorum duae novae.) Rovartani Lapok, 19, 131." type="journal article" year="1912">Mocsáry, 1912: 131</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4100E9046952D167FDCC2542" box="[520,539,1807,1828]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54100E9046960D167FDB12542" box="[570,614,1807,1828]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74100E904699FD166FCC52542" box="[709,786,1806,1828]" name="Croatia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Krapina;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC7464100E9046826D166FBF32542" author="Blank, S. M." box="[892,1060,1806,1828]" page="222" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64100E9046826D166FBF32542" author="Blank, S. M." box="[892,1060,1806,1828]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="197 - 233" refId="ref66820" refString="Blank, S. M. (2002) The Western Palaearctic Xyelidae (Hymenoptera). In: Viitasaari, M. (ed.) Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I. A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea. Tremex Press, Helsinki, pp. 197 - 233." type="book chapter" year="2002">Blank 2002: 222</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44100E9046FAED166FACA2542" authorityName=": Konow" authorityYear="1897" box="[1268,1309,1806,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454100E9046FAED166FACA2542" box="[1268,1309,1806,1828]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574100E9046BCDD145FDA62525" blockId="40.[151,1436,1683,1859]" box="[151,625,1837,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DADCC6794100E9046BCDD145FDA62525" box="[151,625,1837,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7B6DC7464100E9046BCDD145FE092525" author="Enslin, E." box="[151,478,1837,1859]" page="682" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1918">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44100E9046BCDD145FE092525" authority=": Enslin 1918: 682" authorityName=": Enslin" authorityPageNumber="682" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,478,1837,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454100E9046BCDD145FEF32525" box="[151,292,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Xyela henschi</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64100E9046A6BD145FE092525" author="Enslin, E." box="[305,478,1837,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="663 - 790" refId="ref67992" refString="Enslin, E. (1918) Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas VII. (Schluss). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, [1917] (Beiheft 7), 663 - 790." type="journal article" year="1918">Enslin 1918: 682</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(misspelling).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4100E9056BCDD107FCF72749" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574100E9056BCDD107FF312359" blockId="40.[151,1436,1903,2035]" lastBlockId="41.[151,1437,151,2020]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454100E9046BCDD107FEF625EE" bold="true" box="[151,289,1903,1928]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Female. Color. Head yellow with black and brown pattern: at least two black stripes along supraantennal furrows meeting black ocellar and postocellar area and longitudinal spot in middle of frons present, often dark pattern fusing to large dark sport of the frons; kidney-shaped spot on vertex often not confluent with black postocellar area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24100E9046AC6D1B3FE262595" box="[412,497,2011,2035]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–65" captionStartId="70.[151,263,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-41@70.[151,1436,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 42–65. Color pattern of head of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. rasnitsyni group, X. julii group (part). Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261372/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennae brown. Mesoscutum black with yellow pattern on medial half of lateral lobes, mesoscutellum with yellow spot. Mesepisternum pale except for brown dorsal, posterior and ventral margins. Abdominal terga brown, lateral parts of preapical terga, partly distal sternum, valvifer 2 and valvula 3 pale brown, membranous base of valvula 3 whitish, tip of valvula 3 darkened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24101E90568A7D6B7FBB42291" box="[1021,1123,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–120" captionStartId="74.[151,263,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-34@74.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 105–120. Ovipositor sheaths of Xyela species. All figures at same scale. Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261380/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 109</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs mainly pale brown, femora unicolorous pale, posterior coxae mainly dark brown. Wing membrane, venation and pterostigma pale brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574101E9056B9DD724FD022172" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Morphology. Fore wing
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24101E9056A84D724FDB12305" box="[478,614,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="3.55" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="2.8">2.8–4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, (1.60–)1.70–1.90 times longer than ovipositor sheath, vein Rs+M 180–280 µm long, 2r-m meeting Rs proximal to furcation of Rs1 and Rs2. Synantennomere 3 560–690 µm long, antennomere 4 130–160 µm long and 3.5–5.5 times longer than wide distally. Article 3 of maxillary palp 390–490 µm long, 1.45–1.65 times longer than scape and wider than synantennomere 3. OOL: POL = (1.30–)1.40–1.65(–2.00): 1. Ovipositor sheath (1.60–)
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24101E905685BD7B4FC732395" box="[769,932,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.9">1.90–2.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, valvula 3 2.00–2.35 times longer than valvifer 2 and 6.5–8.0 times longer than wide at base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24101E9056869D797FC4B2071" box="[819,924,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–120" captionStartId="74.[151,263,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-34@74.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 105–120. Ovipositor sheaths of Xyela species. All figures at same scale. Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261380/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 109</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valvula 3 of ovipositor compressed, pale membranous area about as long as basal width of valvula 3, dorsal edge of valvula 3 sloping down to round tip, distally with sensilla field exposed and directed caudally, bearing 3 setae. Ovipositor almost straight and compressed. Valvula 1 with aulax terminating distally, ventral edge sloping up to tip, with ca 15–16 oblique closely spaced annuli in distal quarter, without serrulae, olistether with 6 setae. Left and right valvulae 2 fused along dorsal edge in basal half. Valvula 2 with smooth dorsal margin, tapering in distal half, pale and evenly sclerotized, in distal 0.4 with single scattered sensilla campaniformia, in distal 0.1 with 5–6 oblique annuli. Posterior tibia
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24101E9056BCDD494FEEE2175" box="[151,313,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.95" valueMin="0.75">0.75–0.95 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, claws without subapical tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574101E9056B9DD577FDC8213A" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Male. Color. Variability of coloration similar to female but usually paler (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24101E9056F7CD577FBA12151" box="[1062,1142,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–65" captionStartId="70.[151,263,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-41@70.[151,1436,193,1721]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 42–65. Color pattern of head of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. rasnitsyni group, X. julii group (part). Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261372/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
|
||
for color pattern of head), hypopygium brown to dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574101E9056B9DD50FFC28276A" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Morphology. Fore wing
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24101E9056A86D50FFDB32119" box="[476,612,871,895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, Rs+M 75–250 µm long, 2r-m meeting Rs proximal to furcation of Rs1 and Rs2. Synantennomere 3 540–650 µm long, antennomere 4 140–170 µm long and 4.0–6.0 times longer than wide distally. Article 3 of maxillary palp 350–410 µm long, 1.35–1.55 times longer than scape and wider than synantennomere 3. OOL: POL = (1.30–)1.40–1.75: 1. Longitudinal apodeme of basiparamere curved, basal portion in lateral position, harpe about as long as wide in lateral view. Lower ergot on valvular stalk absent. Valviceps 1.50–1.60(–1.70) times longer than wide on medial lobe, with distinct oblique lateral lamella, proximal lobe of penis valve 0.23–0.29 times as long as valviceps and 0.70–0.75 times as high as medial lobe, excision on lower edge 0.22–0.27 as deep as width of medial lobe, valviceps on medial lobe (1.10–)1.20–1.25 times wider than on distal lobe, 2 distal flagella present, tip of longer flagellum reaching 0.65–0.75 width of distal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24101E9056E76D2EFFA5826F9" box="[1324,1423,1159,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 136–145" captionStartId="77.[151,263,1745,1768]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-41@77.[151,1436,193,1725]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 136–145. Penis valves of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. julii group (part). Figs 138–139 and 141 reproduced from Blank et al. (2005)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261388/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 144</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valviceps with median longitudinal sclerotization present, medial lobe almost symmetric and broad, with 4–8 cone-like sensilla along upper edge and scattered on lateral surface, upper edge between medial and distal lobe with 8–12 setae. Posterior tibia
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24101E9056A9BD29CFDB4276D" box="[449,611,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.725" valueMax="0.85" valueMin="0.6">0.60–0.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, claws without subapical tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574101E9056B9DD370FCF72749" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2020]" box="[199,800,1303,1328]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056B9DD370FEE22756" bold="true" box="[199,309,1304,1328]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Barcodes</emphasis>
|
||
. GUID
|
||
<specimenCode id="AA6A492C4101E9056ACAD37FFDD22749" box="[400,517,1303,1327]" collectionCode="ABY" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">ABY6138</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="AA6A492C4101E905694BD37FFDAB2749" box="[529,636,1303,1327]" collectionCode="GUID" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">AAJ9260</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E90569D6D37FFD782749" box="[652,687,1303,1327]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E90569E7D37FFCCF2749" box="[701,792,1303,1327]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4101E9056B9DD354FB6924B9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574101E9056B9DD354FEC827D9" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056B9DD354FEA22732" bold="true" box="[199,373,1339,1364]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4AA4EB0A4101E9056A26D354FEC827D9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746410317" collectingDate="1996-05-31" collectingDateMax="1998-04-18" collectingDateMin="1996-05-31" collectionCode="DEI" collectorName="Ewald Altenhofer & S. M. Blank" country="Austria" determinerName="S. M. Blank" location="Horweix" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Niederosterreich" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E9056A26D354FDD82732" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[380,527,1340,1364]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056A26D354FDD82732" box="[380,527,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pinicola julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54101E9056947D354FDAB2732" box="[541,636,1340,1364]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E90569D9D354FD4F2735" box="[643,664,1340,1363]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(here designated): “A [=
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74101E90568EDD354FBC72732" box="[951,1040,1340,1364]" name="Austria" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
]: Niederösterr. [=
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54101E9056F80D354FA4F2732" box="[1242,1432,1340,1364]" country="Austria" name="Niederoesterreich" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Niederösterreich</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54101E9056BCDD308FE952711" box="[151,322,1375,1399]" country="Austria" name="Niederoesterreich" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lower Austria</collectingRegion>
|
||
]:
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C4101E9056A0ED337FE612711" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726550414100E9006BCDD025FB1D237A:FF13B78C4101E9056A0ED337FE612711" box="[340,438,1375,1399]" country="Austria" name="Horweix" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Niederosterreich">Hörweix</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C4101E9056A9DD337FDDB2711" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726550414100E9006BCDD025FB1D237A:FF13B78C4101E9056A9DD337FDDB2711" box="[455,524,1375,1399]" country="Austria" name="Etzen" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Niederosterreich">Etzen</location>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="8E72C7974101E905697AD337FD462711" box="[544,657,1375,1399]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="1996-05-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9E363E7F4101E905697AD337FD462711" box="[544,657,1375,1399]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="1996-05-31">31.5.1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E90569C3D308FC9E271E" box="[665,841,1376,1400]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E90569C3D308FC9E271E" box="[665,841,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, em.
|
||
<date id="8E72C7974101E90568D0D337FC2C2711" box="[906,1019,1375,1399]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="1998-04-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9E363E7F4101E90568D0D337FC2C2711" box="[906,1019,1375,1399]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="1998-04-18">18.4.1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="573984814101E9056F6ED337FAD42711" box="[1076,1283,1375,1399]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ewald Altenhofer</collectorName>
|
||
”; “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E9056E7CD308FEB527FA" authority="(Brebisson, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056E7CD308FA4C271E" box="[1318,1435,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Xyela julii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64101E9056BC4D3ECFE8D27FA" author="Brebisson, J. B. G. de" box="[158,346,1412,1436]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref67112" refString="Brebisson, J. B. G. de (1818) see Blainville, H. de." type="book" year="1818">Brébisson, 1818</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det.
|
||
<determinerName id="0FAF0D934101E9056AC5D3ECFDFA27FA" box="[415,557,1412,1436]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">S. M. Blank</determinerName>
|
||
2000”; [red:] “Neotypus ♀
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E905682FD3ECFB1927FA" authority="Brebisson, 1818" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[885,1230,1412,1436]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E905682FD3ECFBDC27FA" box="[885,1035,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pinicola julii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64101E9056F4FD3ECFB1927FA" author="Brebisson, J. B. G. de" box="[1045,1230,1412,1436]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref67112" refString="Brebisson, J. B. G. de (1818) see Blainville, H. de." type="book" year="1818">Brébisson, 1818</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
des.
|
||
<collectorName id="573984814101E9056E55D3ECFA4B27FA" box="[1295,1436,1412,1436]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">S. M. Blank</collectorName>
|
||
2001”.
|
||
<collectionCode id="9CDD79924101E9056BB3D3C0FECC27D9" box="[233,283,1448,1471]" collectionName="Germany, Muencheberg, Deutsches Entomologisches Institut im ZALF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33211" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33211" name="Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">DEI</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574101E9056B9DD3A4FD0B244A" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4AA4EB0A4101E9056B9DD3A4FD0F244A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746410301" county="Uppland" location="Skaraborgs" municipality="Vastergotland" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Uppsala lan" typeStatus="type">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056B9DD3A4FEB22782" box="[199,357,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E9056B9DD3A4FEB62782" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1819" box="[199,353,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<originalDetermination id="D9D259AB4101E9056B9DD3A4FEB62782" box="[199,353,1484,1508]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Xyela pusilla</originalDetermination>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown number of
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E9056931D3A4FD572785" box="[619,640,1484,1507]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E90569E4D3A4FD042785" box="[702,723,1484,1507]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
syntypes from “Uplandia” (= historical province
|
||
<collectingCounty id="131299DB4101E9056E43D3A4FAAA2782" box="[1305,1405,1484,1508]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Uppland</collectingCounty>
|
||
; = modern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54101E9056BA2D387FE562461" box="[248,385,1519,1543]" country="Sweden" name="Uppsala" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Uppsala län</collectingRegion>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54101E9056AF5D387FDAA2461" box="[431,637,1519,1543]" country="Sweden" name="Vastmanland" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Västmanlands län</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and “Vestrogothia” (= historical province
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1A177B2D4101E9056F26D387FACB2461" box="[1148,1308,1519,1543]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Västergötland</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
; = modern
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C4101E9056BCDD07CFEC3244A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726550414100E9006BCDD025FB1D237A:FF13B78C4101E9056BCDD07CFEC3244A" box="[151,276,1556,1580]" county="Uppland" municipality="Vastergotland" name="Skaraborgs" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Uppsala lan">Skaraborgs</location>
|
||
län or
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C4101E9056A39D07CFE1C244A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726550414100E9006BCDD025FB1D237A:FF13B78C4101E9056A39D07CFE1C244A" box="[355,459,1556,1580]" county="Uppland" municipality="Vastergotland" name="Alvborgs" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Uppsala lan">Älvborgs</location>
|
||
län).
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54101E9056951D07CFD94244A" box="[523,579,1556,1580]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material lost
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574101E9056B9DD050FB6924B9" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E9056B9DD050FEBB2436" authorityName="Mocsary" authorityYear="1912" box="[199,364,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056B9DD050FEBB2436" box="[199,364,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Xyela henschii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54101E9056A21D050FE3D2436" box="[379,490,1592,1616]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E9056AAFD050FDDD2429" box="[501,522,1592,1615]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64101E90569E7D05FFC912429" author="Blank, S. M." box="[701,838,1591,1615]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="197 - 233" refId="ref66820" refString="Blank, S. M. (2002) The Western Palaearctic Xyelidae (Hymenoptera). In: Viitasaari, M. (ed.) Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I. A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea. Tremex Press, Helsinki, pp. 197 - 233." type="book chapter" year="2002">Blank 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): “Dr. Hensch Krapina Cro.”; “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E9056FF3D050FA4B2429" authority="Mocs." authorityName="Mocsary" authorityYear="1912" box="[1193,1436,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056FF3D050FA992436" box="[1193,1358,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Xyela henschii</emphasis>
|
||
Mocs.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typ. det. Mocsáry”; [label with red margin:] “
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54101E90569C4D034FCCA2412" box="[670,797,1628,1652]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E905687DD034FCEB2415" box="[807,828,1628,1651]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E9056819D034FB772412" authority="Henschii Mocsary, 1912" authorityName="Henschii Mocsary" authorityYear="1912" box="[835,1184,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056819D034FC382412" box="[835,1007,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Xyela Henschii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64101E90568A2D034FB772412" author="Mocsary, A." box="[1016,1184,1628,1652]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="131" refId="ref70056" refString="Mocsary, A. (1912) Ket uj Hymenoptera-faj. (Species Hymenopterorum duae novae.) Rovartani Lapok, 19, 131." type="journal article" year="1912">Mocsáry, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
des. Zombori, 1976”; [label with red margin:] “
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54101E9056A9DD017FDB924F1" box="[455,622,1663,1687]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypus</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E9056921D0E8FD4724F1" box="[635,656,1664,1687]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E90569C6D0E8FBD424F1" authority="Henschii Mocsary, 1912" authorityName="Henschii Mocsary" authorityYear="1912" box="[668,1027,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E90569C6D0E8FC9C24FE" box="[668,843,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Xyela Henschii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64101E9056802D017FBD424F1" author="Mocsary, A." box="[856,1027,1663,1687]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="131" refId="ref70056" refString="Mocsary, A. (1912) Ket uj Hymenoptera-faj. (Species Hymenopterorum duae novae.) Rovartani Lapok, 19, 131." type="journal article" year="1912">Mocsáry, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
des. Zombori, 1976”; “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E9056E79D0E8FEB524DA" authority="(Brebisson, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056E79D0E8FA4B24FE" box="[1315,1436,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Xyela julii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64101E9056BC4D0CCFE8E24DA" author="Brebisson, J. B. G. de" box="[158,345,1700,1724]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref67112" refString="Brebisson, J. B. G. de (1818) see Blainville, H. de." type="book" year="1818">Brébisson, 1818</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E9056A37D0CCFEA924DD" box="[365,382,1700,1723]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E9056A24D0CCFE4024DD" box="[382,407,1700,1723]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
det. S. M. Blank 1999”.
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54101E90569E0D0CCFCFD24DA" box="[698,810,1700,1724]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
missing both valvulae 3, otherwise in good condition.
|
||
<collectionCode id="9CDD79924101E9056BCDD0A0FF2724B9" box="[151,240,1736,1759]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">HNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54101E9056BA0D0AFFE4024B9" box="[250,407,1735,1759]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E9056AF8D0AFFE1324B9" box="[418,452,1735,1759]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
on same mount as
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54101E90569C6D0AFFCD124B9" box="[668,774,1735,1759]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, genitalia glued to small slide,
|
||
<collectionCode id="9CDD79924101E9056F3AD0A0FB6E24B9" box="[1120,1209,1736,1759]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">HNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4101E9066B9DD087FAFD23A9" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574101E9056B9DD087FA822532" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056B9DD087FE902561" bold="true" box="[199,327,1775,1799]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54101E9056B9DD087FF282561" box="[199,255,1775,1799]" country="Afghanistan" name="Khost" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Host</collectingRegion>
|
||
plant
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E9056A03D098FE202561" box="[345,503,1775,1799]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cembra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056A03D098FE202561" box="[345,503,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pinus cembra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64101E9056976D087FD682561" author="Schedl, W." box="[556,703,1775,1799]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="97 - 115" refId="ref70996" refString="Schedl, W. (1978) Die Xyelidae Europas (Insecta: Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Xyelidae) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Fundnachweise aus den Ostalpen. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 65, 97 - 115." type="journal article" year="1978">Schedl 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E9056987D098FC252561" authority="ssp. nigra Arn." authorityName="Arn." box="[733,1010,1775,1799]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigra" subSpecies="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056987D098FCEE2561" box="[733,825,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056822D098FC622561" box="[888,949,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">nigra</emphasis>
|
||
Arn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E9056F5DD087FBFE2560" box="[1031,1065,1775,1799]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
reared, A.P. Rasnitsyn personal communication),
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056A3BD17EFEAD254B" box="[353,378,1814,1837]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P.</emphasis>
|
||
x
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E9056ACBD17DFDED254B" authority="Link" authorityName="Link" box="[401,570,1813,1837]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056ACBD17DFE29254B" box="[401,510,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">rotundata</emphasis>
|
||
Link
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E9056913D17DFDBA254B" box="[585,621,1813,1837]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E9056929D17DFD41254B" box="[627,662,1813,1837]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from 1 reared sample),
|
||
<superScript id="0DB94C1F4101E90568FBD17DFC7D257B" attach="right" box="[929,938,1813,1821]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">●</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E90568F0D17EFB8E254B" box="[938,1113,1813,1837]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E90568F0D17EFB8E254B" box="[938,1113,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E9056FDCD17DFB11254B" box="[1158,1222,1813,1837]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="female">105♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="ECCA2ADE4101E9056F97D17DFB29254B" box="[1229,1278,1813,1837]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="male">54♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from 9 reared samples; =
|
||
<superScript id="0DB94C1F4101E9056A4CD154FEC82522" attach="right" box="[278,287,1852,1860]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ο</superScript>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E9056A7AD155FE382532" authority="D. Sosn." authorityName="D. Sosn." box="[288,495,1852,1876]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056A7AD155FE582532" box="[288,399,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. hamata</emphasis>
|
||
D.Sosn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Caucasus),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44101E90569EFD155FA862532" authority="Ramond (Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer 2000)" authorityName="Ramond (Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2000" box="[693,1361,1852,1876]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E90569EFD155FCE52532" box="[693,818,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. uncinata</emphasis>
|
||
Ramond (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64101E90568FCD154FA9E2532" author="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E." box="[934,1353,1852,1876]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="273 - 327" refId="ref70428" refString="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E. (2000) Langjahrige Larvenaufsammlungen und Zuchten von Pflanzenwespen (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) in Mitteleuropa. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 32 (1), 273 - 327." type="journal article" year="2000">Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574101E9056B9DD108FDEF2582" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454101E9056B9DD108FEC8251F" bold="true" box="[199,287,1888,1913]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. In the lowlands and the mountainous regions of Central, West and
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C4101E9056F13D109FB0E251E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726550414100E9006BCDD025FB1D237A:FF13B78C4101E9056F13D109FB0E251E" box="[1097,1241,1889,1912]" country="Greece" county="For" municipality="July" name="East Europe" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">East Europe</location>
|
||
, and in the high mountains of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74101E9056A6FD1ECFE5325FA" box="[309,388,1924,1948]" name="Greece" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24101E9056ACCD1ECFD9525FA" box="[406,578,1924,1948]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1600.0">
|
||
<elevation id="71E106644101E9056ACCD1ECFD9525FA" box="[406,578,1924,1948]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1600.0">1,600–1,800 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
altitude) imagines are active between mid-April and end May. In northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74101E9056BCDD1C0FF3A25A6" box="[151,237,1960,1984]" name="Finland" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74101E9056A78D1C0FEAA25A6" box="[290,381,1960,1984]" name="Sweden" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
, they occur almost up to the
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C4101E90569E1D1C0FCEB25A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726550414100E9006BCDD025FB1D237A:FF13B78C4101E90569E1D1C0FCEB25A6" box="[699,828,1960,1984]" country="Greece" county="For" municipality="July" name="North Cape" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">North Cape</location>
|
||
from the end of
|
||
<location id="FF13B78C4101E90568AFD1C1FBFF25A7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726550414100E9006BCDD025FB1D237A:FF13B78C4101E90568AFD1C1FBFF25A7" box="[1013,1064,1961,1985]" country="Greece" county="For" municipality="July" name="May" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">May</location>
|
||
to the beginning of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1A177B2D4101E9056E52D1C0FAE025A6" box="[1288,1335,1960,1984]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">July</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(Tab. 5).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="131299DB4101E9056BCDD1A5FF692582" box="[151,190,1997,2020]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">For</collectingCounty>
|
||
additional data see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64101E9056AC6D1A4FDE32582" author="Blank, S. M." box="[412,564,1996,2020]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="197 - 233" refId="ref66820" refString="Blank, S. M. (2002) The Western Palaearctic Xyelidae (Hymenoptera). In: Viitasaari, M. (ed.) Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I. A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea. Tremex Press, Helsinki, pp. 197 - 233." type="book chapter" year="2002">Blank (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574102E9066B9DD6FFFAFD23A9" blockId="42.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066B9DD6FFFE3E22D6" bold="true" box="[199,489,151,176]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066AA1D6FFFD8722C9" box="[507,592,151,175]" name="Austria" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066904D6FFFD1622C9" box="[606,705,151,175]" name="Belgium" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066995D6FFFCE522C9" box="[719,818,151,175]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E906681BD6FFFC4122C9" box="[833,918,151,175]" name="Croatia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E90668FED6FFFB8B22C9" box="[932,1116,151,175]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066F33D6FFFB0322C9" box="[1129,1236,151,175]" name="Denmark" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066FB8D6FFFAED22C9" box="[1250,1338,151,175]" name="Finland" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066E12D6F0FA4022C9" box="[1352,1431,152,175]" name="France" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Georgia (Abkhaszkaya Respublika),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066914D6D4FD6022B2" box="[590,695,188,212]" name="Germany" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066991D6D4FC1F22B2" box="[715,968,188,212]" name="Great Britain Greece" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Great Britain Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066886D6D4FBF922B2" box="[988,1070,188,212]" name="Ireland" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066F18D6D4FBA122B2" box="[1090,1142,188,212]" name="Italy" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066FD0D6D4FB2D22B2" box="[1162,1274,188,212]" name="Mongolia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066E54D6D4FA4F22B2" box="[1294,1432,188,212]" name="Netherlands" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066BCDD688FF25229E" box="[151,242,224,248]" name="Norway" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066BA4D6B7FE992291" box="[254,334,223,247]" name="Poland" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066A00D6B7FE722291" box="[346,421,223,247]" name="Russia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Irkutskaya Oblast, Moskovskaya Oblast, Murmanskaya Oblast, Respublica Gorno-Altay, Ryazanskaya Oblast,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54102E9066AD1D76CFD42237A" box="[395,661,260,284]" country="Russia" name="Saint Petersburg" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sankt Peterburg Oblast</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Slovakian Republic,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E90668CDD76CFC0D237A" box="[919,986,260,284]" name="Spain" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E90668BCD76CFB96237A" box="[998,1089,260,284]" name="Sweden" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066F15D76CFB0F237A" box="[1103,1240,260,284]" name="Switzerland" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066FBED76CFAE2237A" box="[1252,1333,260,284]" name="Turkey" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066E18D76CFA4B237A" box="[1346,1436,260,284]" name="Ukraine" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24102E9066BC5D74FFF2F2359" box="[159,248,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1471,1494]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,909,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-581@40.[151,1436,909,1453]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 17. Records of Xyela julii (2094 specimens from 356 collection sites) and natural distribution of the host plant, Pinus sylvestris (solid line, combined from Mirov 1967, Sokolov et al. 1977 and Willis et al. 1998)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261356/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E906690DD74FFD7C2359" box="[599,683,295,319]" name="Estonia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Estonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E90669E4D74FFC6D2359" author="Viitasaari, M. & Heidemaa, M. & Nuorteva, M. & Zinovjev, A. G." box="[702,954,295,319]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="126 - 147" refId="ref72767" refString="Viitasaari, M., Heidemaa, M., Nuorteva, M. & Zinovjev, A. G. (1998) An annotated checklist of the sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Biology and Ecology, 47 (2), 126 - 147." type="journal article" year="1998">Viitasaari et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E906688ED74FFBCB2359" box="[980,1052,295,319]" name="Latvia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Latvia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E9066F75D74FFB242359" author="Tsinovskiy, J. P." box="[1071,1267,295,319]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref72309" refString="Tsinovskiy, J. P. (1953) Nasekomye Latviyskoy SSR. Rogochvosty i pilil'shshiki. Akademiya Nauk Latviyskoy SSR, Institut Biologii, Riga, 209 pp." type="book" year="1953">Tsinovskiy 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066E56D74FFA4B2359" box="[1292,1436,295,319]" name="Luxembourg" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Luxembourg</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E9066BC4D724FE1F2302" author="Chevin, H. & Schneider, N." box="[158,456,332,356]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="93 - 123" refId="ref67289" refString="Chevin, H. & Schneider, N. (1988) Inventaire general des Hymenopteres Symphytes du Grand-Duche Luxembourg. Bulletin de la Societe des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois, 88, 93 - 123." type="journal article" year="1988">Chevin & Schneider 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E9066A86D724FD582302" author="Zombori, L." box="[476,655,332,356]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="237 - 242" refId="ref73452" refString="Zombori, L. (1974) A check-list of Symphyta from the Carpathian Basin (Hymenoptera). I. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, n. s. 27 (1), 237 - 242." type="journal article" year="1974">Zombori (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed it for the Carpathian Basin but there is no material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066E69D725FAA82302" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1331,1407,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066E69D725FAA82302" box="[1331,1407,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in HNHM. Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066AD9D719FE0623EE" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[387,465,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066AD9D719FE0623EE" box="[387,465,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E906695BD707FD6A23E1" author="Zirngiebl, L." box="[513,701,367,391]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="335 - 350" refId="ref73319" refString="Zirngiebl, L. (1937) Neue oder wenig bekannte Tenthredinoidea (Hym.) aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien. In: Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Professor Dr. Embrik Strand. Riga, 3, 335 - 350." type="journal article" year="1937">Zirngiebl (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E90669A3D718FC7623E1" author="Benson, R. B." box="[761,929,367,391]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="32 - 36" refId="ref66351" refString="Benson, R. B. (1938) European sawflies of the genus Xyela Dalman (sens. lat.) (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B 7 (2), 32 - 36." type="journal article" year="1938">Benson (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
refer to a form similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066F8FD719FAA523EE" authorityName="Blank" authorityYear="2013" box="[1237,1394,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altenhoferi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066F8FD719FAA523EE" box="[1237,1394,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. altenhoferi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for North Africa and to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066AD2D7FDFDC123CA" authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1910" box="[392,534,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066AD2D7FDFDC123CA" box="[392,534,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. variegata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066909D7FDFD7B23CA" authorityName="Blank & Shinohara" authorityYear="2005" box="[595,684,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066909D7FDFD7B23CA" box="[595,684,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. tecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E90669B8D7FCFCF223CD" box="[738,805,404,427]" name="Japan" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The USNM holds a single female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066F9DD7FDFAC023CA" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1223,1303,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066F9DD7FDFAC023CA" box="[1223,1303,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which was intercepted at a
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066A13D7DFFE0923A9" box="[329,478,439,463]" name="United States of America" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
port among cargo on an aircraft from the Rhein-Main Airport in Frankfurt.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2D6B2DC4102E9006B9DD7B4FB1D237A" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574102E9066B9DD7B4FE5D20AD" blockId="42.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066B9DD7B4FEE32392" bold="true" box="[199,308,476,500]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066A18D7B4FE612392" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[322,438,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066A18D7B4FE612392" box="[322,438,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Xyela julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to the West Palearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E906687DD7B5FC692392" authorityName="Chr. (Blank" authorityYear="2002" box="[807,958,476,500]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heldreichii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E906687DD7B5FC692392" box="[807,958,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. heldreichii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066897D7B5FB912392" authorityName=": Benson" authorityYear="1961" box="[973,1094,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066897D7B5FB912392" box="[973,1094,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066F27D7B5FADC2392" authorityName="Blank & Shinohara & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2013" box="[1149,1291,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uncinatae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066F27D7B5FADC2392" box="[1149,1291,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. uncinatae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the East Palearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066A48D469FE47207E" authorityName="Blank & Shinohara & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2013" box="[274,400,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066A48D469FE47207E" box="[274,400,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. pumilae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the shape of the valviceps with upper edge of proximal lobe almost parallel to the longitudinal axis, medial lobe symmetric, and longitudinal sclerotization apparent. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066F83D44DFAA4205A" authorityName="Chr. (Blank" authorityYear="2002" box="[1241,1395,548,572]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heldreichii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066F83D44DFAA4205A" box="[1241,1395,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. heldreichii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066EDED44DFF262006" authorityName=": Benson" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066EDED44DFF262006" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066A70D421FE6E2039" authorityName="Blank & Shinohara & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2013" box="[298,441,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uncinatae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066A70D421FE6E2039" box="[298,441,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. uncinatae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the head (at least predominantly) dark, whereas in the darkest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066F9ED421FAC52006" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1220,1298,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066F9ED421FAC52006" box="[1220,1298,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females the face remains yellow at least along the eyes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E90669ECD404FC8A20E2" authorityName="Blank & Shinohara & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2013" box="[694,861,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E90669ECD404FC8A20E2" box="[694,861,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Xyela pumilae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in the infuscate wings and the different proportion of the ovipositor sheath. Males and females have been associated by study of extensive series reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066B8ED4DDFE5420AA" box="[212,387,692,716]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066B8ED4DDFE5420AA" box="[212,387,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574102E9066B9DD4BFFD3C21C2" blockId="42.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Imagines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066A09D4B1FE482096" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[339,415,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066A09D4B1FE482096" box="[339,415,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066A8CD4B1FD982096" authorityName=": Benson" authorityYear="1961" box="[470,591,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066A8CD4B1FD982096" box="[470,591,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be distinguished in the barcoding analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62F7FDD24102E9066FD7D4BFFB362089" box="[1165,1249,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,200,1234]" captionTargetId="figure-389@67.[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 23. Barcoding analysis of Xyela species. The tree is primarily based on specimens for which COI sequences longer than 600 bp and including less than three ambigous nucleotides could be obtained. Some shorter sequences have been added to associate sexes or larvae with imagines. Each specimen is labelled as follows: “Xyela ...”—species name; “DEIGISHym ...”—unique identification number of specimen in DEI collection; “Male / Female”—sex, larva if no sex is indicated; e.g., “661” / “603” / “658” ...—base pairs [bp] sequence length; “[0n] / [1n] / [2n]”—0–2 ambiguous nucleotides included in sequence; e.g., “Austria, Karnten [= Kärnten, Carinthia]”—country and province of origin of specimen; “BOLD: ...”—globally unique identifier (GUID). The label “Xyela 005 P. sabiniana sp.” refers to larvae obtained from Pinus sabiniana which here are identified as X. bakeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261368/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Accordingly, it is not possible to identify genetically their larvae extracted from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066834D495FC242172" authorityName="Turra (Liston" authorityYear="1995" box="[878,1011,765,788]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mugo">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066834D495FC242172" box="[878,1011,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pinus mugo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066F70D495FB7A2172" box="[1066,1197,764,788]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066F70D495FB7A2172" box="[1066,1197,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these fall within the same cluster as the imagines of the two species. Specimens of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E90668E4D549FBDC215E" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[958,1035,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E90668E4D549FBDC215E" box="[958,1035,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066F1ED549FB6A215E" authorityName=": Benson" authorityYear="1961" box="[1092,1213,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066F1ED549FB6A215E" box="[1092,1213,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are associated with two subclusters bearing the GUIDs ABY6138 and AAJ9260, but these subclusters remain unreproducible applying morphological approach. The intraspecific variability of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066841D501FCBF21E6" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[795,872,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066841D501FCBF21E6" box="[795,872,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 2.34 % and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066F6FD501FB6721E6" authorityName=": Benson" authorityYear="1961" box="[1077,1200,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066F6FD501FB6721E6" box="[1077,1200,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2.66 %. The nearest neighbor,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066A5DD5E5FEA421C2" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[263,371,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066A5DD5E5FEA421C2" box="[263,371,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is placed at a distance of 6.13%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574102E9066B9DD5C7FC642631" blockId="42.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Both along altitudinal and geographical gradients the morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E906688DD5D9FBF321AE" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[983,1060,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E906688DD5D9FBF321AE" box="[983,1060,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rather stable. Usually material from the South is paler than that from the North. Females from Scandinavia often have the face predominantly black leaving only a narrow yellow line along the eye margin, whereas females from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066F00D59FFB4B2669" box="[1114,1180,1015,1039]" name="Spain" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Irkutsk and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E9066E75D59FFA4B2669" box="[1327,1436,1015,1039]" name="Mongolia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
often have only dark brown to black stripes along the frontal furrows and the medial spot and the kidney-shaped spots more or less disconnected from the other dark pattern of the face.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574102E9066B9DD20CFF0E2756" blockId="42.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066B9DD20CFEEB261A" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[199,316,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066B9DD20CFEEB261A" box="[199,316,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Xyela julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is by far the most frequently cited xyelid in faunistic literature (see catalogue of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E9066FB9D20CFABC261A" author="Smith, D. R." box="[1251,1387,1124,1148]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 193" refId="ref71463" refString="Smith, D. R. (1978) Suborder Symphyta (Xyelidae, Pararchexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulciidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In: van der Vecht, J. & Shenefelt, R. D. (eds) Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio). W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, 14, 1 - 193." type="journal article" year="1978">Smith 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its comparatively easy availability in the lowlands of Central and North Europe made it the favorite representative of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066B99D2C4FEFF26A2" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[195,296,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Xyelinae">Xyelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
for comparative morphological studies and phylogenetic analysis of the lower
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066F9AD2C4FA8F26A2" box="[1216,1368,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E9066BCDD2A7FE892681" author="Vilhelmsen, L." box="[151,350,1231,1255]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="393 - 442" refId="ref72826" refString="Vilhelmsen, L. (2001) Phylogeny and classification of the extant basal lineages of the Hymenoptera (Insecta). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 131, 393 - 442. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2001. tb 01320. x" type="journal article" year="2001">Vilhelmsen 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Sharkey et al. 2012). Astonishingly the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066F05D2B8FB2F268E" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[1119,1272,1232,1256]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066F05D2B8FB2F268E" box="[1119,1272,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pinicola julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been reexamined seriously in comparison with the taxa which have been accepted as valid in the course of the past 70 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574102E9066B9DD354FF3824F1" blockId="42.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066BA1D354FC402732" box="[251,919,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomatique de Paris</emphasis>
|
||
, which includes the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066EDDD355FF13271E" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066EDDD355FF13271E" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is a rare journal, and it was possibly unavailable to most authors.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E90668ECD308FB8D2711" author="Konow, F. W." box="[950,1114,1375,1399]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="55 - 58" refId="ref69140" refString="Konow, F. W. (1897) Ueber die Xyelini. Entomologische Nachrichten (F. Karsch), 23 (4), 55 - 58." type="journal article" year="1897">Konow (1897)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguished two European species, the strikingly different
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066AA6D3EDFD9E27FA" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[508,585,1412,1436]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066AA6D3EDFD9E27FA" box="[508,585,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E90669D8D3EDFD2F27FA" authorityName=", Dalman" authorityYear="1819" box="[642,760,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longula">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E90669D8D3EDFD2F27FA" box="[642,760,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. longula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E906685CD3ECFC7727FA" author="Enslin, E." box="[774,928,1412,1436]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="663 - 790" refId="ref67992" refString="Enslin, E. (1918) Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas VII. (Schluss). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, [1917] (Beiheft 7), 663 - 790." type="journal article" year="1918">Enslin (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed his opinion, although he expressed some doubt on the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066A8FD3C1FD8027A6" authorityName=": Taeger" authorityYear="1987" box="[469,599,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpigena">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066A8FD3C1FD8027A6" box="[469,599,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. alpigena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E906693CD3C1FD0327A6" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[614,724,1449,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E906693CD3C1FD0327A6" box="[614,724,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066851D3C1FC5627A6" authorityName=": Enslin" authorityYear="1918" box="[779,897,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066851D3C1FC5627A6" box="[779,897,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. henschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonyms with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066F00D3C1FB7027A6" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[1114,1191,1448,1472]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066F00D3C1FB7027A6" box="[1114,1191,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Benson was the first who recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066A0AD3A5FE062782" authorityName=": Taeger" authorityYear="1987" box="[336,465,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpigena">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066A0AD3A5FE062782" box="[336,465,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. alpigena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066A84D3A5FD9C2782" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[478,587,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066A84D3A5FD9C2782" box="[478,587,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E90669D8D3A5FD192782" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[642,718,1484,1508]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E90669D8D3A5FD192782" box="[642,718,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for certain among the European species. He added
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066E54D3A5FABA2782" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[1294,1389,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066E54D3A5FABA2782" box="[1294,1389,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and published a key for the females (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E906695BD387FD4E2461" author="Benson, R. B." box="[513,665,1519,1543]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="32 - 36" refId="ref66351" refString="Benson, R. B. (1938) European sawflies of the genus Xyela Dalman (sens. lat.) (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B 7 (2), 32 - 36." type="journal article" year="1938">Benson 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Later he separated the dark subalpine form
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066FD7D399FAD1246E" authorityName=": Benson" authorityYear="1961" box="[1165,1286,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066FD7D399FAD1246E" box="[1165,1286,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066E13D399FA42246E" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[1353,1429,1520,1544]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066E13D399FA42246E" box="[1353,1429,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and he described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066A05D07DFD4A244A" authority="(Benson 1960)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[351,669,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menelaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066A05D07DFE3D244A" box="[351,490,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. menelaus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E9066AA0D07CFD42244A" author="Benson, R. B." box="[506,661,1556,1580]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="110 - 112" refId="ref66470" refString="Benson, R. B. (1960) Two new European species of Xyela Dalman (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, ser. B (7 - 8), 110 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1960">Benson 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Benson’s understanding of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E90668BBD07DFBF8244A" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[993,1071,1556,1580]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E90668BBD07DFBF8244A" box="[993,1071,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has generally been accepted by later authors (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E9066A33D05FFDCE2429" author="Rasnitsyn, A. P." box="[361,537,1591,1615]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="483 - 519" refId="ref70467" refString="Rasnitsyn, A. P. (1965) Notes on the biology, systematics and phylogeny of Xyelinae (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae). Polske Pismo Entomologiczne, 35 (12), 483 - 519." type="journal article" year="1965">Rasnitsyn 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E906697FD05FFD652429" author="Schedl, W." box="[549,690,1591,1615]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="97 - 115" refId="ref70996" refString="Schedl, W. (1978) Die Xyelidae Europas (Insecta: Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Xyelidae) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Fundnachweise aus den Ostalpen. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 65, 97 - 115." type="journal article" year="1978">Schedl 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev 1988,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64102E9066F60D05FFB682429" author="Blank, S. M." box="[1082,1215,1591,1615]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="197 - 233" refId="ref66820" refString="Blank, S. M. (2002) The Western Palaearctic Xyelidae (Hymenoptera). In: Viitasaari, M. (ed.) Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I. A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea. Tremex Press, Helsinki, pp. 197 - 233." type="book chapter" year="2002">Blank 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although he never gave a reason for his decision relating the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E906698ED034FCBC2412" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[724,875,1628,1652]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E906698ED034FCBC2412" box="[724,875,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pinicola julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as described by Brébisson to a particular
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066E06D034FF3824F1" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066E06D034FA4B2412" box="[1372,1436,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Xyela</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574102E9066B9DD0CCFBF025BD" blockId="42.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
If the characters given in Brébisson’s original description are considered alone, the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066E75D0CDFAAA24DA" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[1327,1405,1700,1724]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066E75D0CDFAAA24DA" box="[1327,1405,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is doubtful. Among others the description characterizes the conspicuous antennae, the long article 3 of the maxillary palp (apparently the tiny article 1 was overlooked and article 3 therefore counted as the article 2), the presence of vein Rs+M (“trois cellules sous-marginales, la première reçoit la première nervure récurrente”), and for the female the long, compressed and darkened oviposition apparatus (“une longe et forte tarrière” and “la tarière est grise”). This encompasses the current understanding of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E90669A3D131FC8B2516" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[761,860,1881,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E90669A3D131FC8B2516" box="[761,860,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E90668CDD131FC302516" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[919,999,1880,1904]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E90668CDD131FC302516" box="[919,999,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Valvula 3 of the ovipositor sheath is black to infuscate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066ADBD115FE3725F2" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[385,480,1917,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066ADBD115FE3725F2" box="[385,480,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and more or less infuscate in the preapical portion in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44102E9066F66D115FB5F25F2" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[1084,1160,1916,1940]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454102E9066F66D115FB5F25F2" box="[1084,1160,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other known European species can be excluded either by coloration, shape of ovipositor sheath, and / or known altitudinal and geographical distribution excluding the collection locality in northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74102E906688ED1ACFBF425BD" box="[980,1059,1988,2011]" name="France" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574103E9076B9DD6FFFADE2359" blockId="43.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Brébisson described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076AEBD6F1FE2D22D6" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[433,506,152,176]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076AEBD6F1FE2D22D6" box="[433,506,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Tour (near Falaise,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54103E9076841D6FFFC4322C9" box="[795,916,151,175]" country="France" name="Haute-Normandie" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Normandy</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E90768C5D6FFFC2722C9" box="[927,1008,151,175]" name="France" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Neither
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076F05D6F0FAD922D6" box="[1119,1294,152,176]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076F05D6F0FAD922D6" box="[1119,1294,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076E19D6F1FA4C22C9" authorityName="Arn. (Benes" authorityYear="1975" box="[1347,1435,152,176]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076E19D6F1FA4C22C9" box="[1347,1435,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are autochthonous to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="38082FB54103E9076AD3D6D4FDD622B2" box="[393,513,188,212]" country="France" name="Haute-Normandie" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Normandy</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E907694BD6D4FD4D22B2" author="Mirov, N. T." box="[529,666,188,212]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref69989" refString="Mirov, N. T. (1967) The genus Pinus. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 602 pp." type="book" year="1967">Mirov 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E90769FDD6D4FCBB22B2" author="Willis, J. K. & Bennett, K. D. & Birks, H. J. B." box="[679,876,188,212]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="107 - 121" refId="ref72882" refString="Willis, J. K., Bennett, K. D. & Birks, H. J. B. (1998) The late Quarternary dynamics of pines in Europe. In: Richardson, D. M. (ed.) Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne and Madrid, pp. 107 - 121 [paperback edition, 2000]." type="journal article" year="1998">Willis et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although we studied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076F36D6D5FB6E22B2" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[1132,1209,188,212]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076F36D6D5FB6E22B2" box="[1132,1209,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from several places in the lowlands of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E9076A8AD688FDCB2291" box="[464,540,224,247]" name="France" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076971D688FD65229E" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[555,690,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076971D688FD65229E" box="[555,690,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Xyela curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be expected there on cultivated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076F02D689FB662291" authorityName="Arn. (Benes" authorityYear="1975" box="[1112,1201,224,248]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076F02D689FB662291" box="[1112,1201,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Brébisson collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076BCDD76CFEFB237A" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,300,260,284]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076BCDD76CFEFB237A" box="[151,300,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pinicola julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from resin trees (“arbres resineux”) and conifers in the first days of May, and he found it during a period of 15–20 days. This late phenology better fits a lowland population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E90768A1D741FB8D2326" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[1019,1114,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E90768A1D741FB8D2326" box="[1019,1114,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. curva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076FECD741FAD52326" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[1206,1282,296,320]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076FECD741FAD52326" box="[1206,1282,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574103E9076B9DD724FDC120E2" blockId="43.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076955D725FD8A2302" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[527,605,332,356]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076955D725FD8A2302" box="[527,605,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was published under the name of the co-editor of the journal, H. de Blainville (signed by “Bv.”; see editorial board of the journal), but its title refers to “M. [= Monsieur] Brébisson”, who is the responsible person for nomenclatural matter (Art. 52.1
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E90768DED7FCFBDD23CA" author="ICZN & International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[900,1034,404,428]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref68748" refString="ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The work is generally assigned to the coleopterist Jean Baptiste Gilles de Brébisson (1760–1832) and not to his son Louis Alphonse de Brébisson (1798–1872), who became famous for his botanical work (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E9076813D7B4FBDC2392" author="Constantin, R." box="[841,1035,476,500]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref67376" refString="Constantin, R. (1992) Memorial des Coleopteristes Francais. Bulletin de liaison de l'Association des Coleopteristes de la region parisienne, supplement 14, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1992">Constantin 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The collection of Brébisson was bought by A. Fauvel, given to Mrs B. Rancin and should have been forwarded to the ISNB later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E9076FACD797FA402071" author="Dalibert, M." box="[1270,1431,511,535]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="50 - 51" refId="ref67643" refString="Dalibert, M. (1927) Premiere note sur les Collections de Normandie formees par des entomologistes decedes. Bulletin de la Societe Normande d'Entomologie, [1927] (3), 50 - 51." type="journal article" year="1927">Dalibert 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E9076BCDD44CFE86205A" author="Constantin, R." box="[151,337,548,572]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref67376" refString="Constantin, R. (1992) Memorial des Coleopteristes Francais. Bulletin de liaison de l'Association des Coleopteristes de la region parisienne, supplement 14, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1992">Constantin 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E9076A06D44CFE0D205A" author="Groll, E. K." box="[348,474,548,572]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref68310" refString="Groll, E. K. (ed) (2010) Biografien der Entomologen der Welt. Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Muncheberg, database version 4.15, http: // www. sdei. de / biographies / (accessed: 7.10.2012)." type="url" year="2010">Groll 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, no relevant material could be located at the ISNB according to J.-L. Boevé (personal communication) and during our own study of the complete xyelids housed there. Accordingly the
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54103E9076BCDD404FF2E20E2" box="[151,249,620,644]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
must be regarded as lost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574103E9076B9DD4E7FBCB21C2" blockId="43.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
A
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54103E9076BB8D4F8FEED20CE" box="[226,314,656,680]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is necessary to ensure the unambiguous current and future use of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076FDFD4F8FAC020CE" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[1157,1303,656,680]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076FDFD4F8FAC020CE" box="[1157,1303,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pinicola julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because of the absence of original type material and due to conflicting evidence for the proper placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076FB3D4DDFAE420AA" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[1257,1331,692,716]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076FB3D4DDFAE420AA" box="[1257,1331,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the data given in the original description. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54103E90769CDD4B0FD272096" box="[663,752,728,752]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is selected for that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E90768BFD4B0FB522089" box="[997,1157,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E90768BFD4B0FBF22096" box="[997,1061,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Xyela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which 1, infests
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076E06D4B0FF282172" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076E06D4B0FF282172" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2, which is the most abundant Central and North European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076890D494FBBF2172" box="[970,1128,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076890D494FBDD2172" box="[970,1034,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Xyela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and which has the widest distribution range among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076AE2D548FD842151" box="[440,595,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076AE2D548FE20215E" box="[440,503,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Xyela</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and 3, which might be the most frequently cited name for a xyelid species still today (see references in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E9076AB6D52CFDA1213A" author="Smith, D. R." box="[492,630,836,860]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 193" refId="ref71463" refString="Smith, D. R. (1978) Suborder Symphyta (Xyelidae, Pararchexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulciidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In: van der Vecht, J. & Shenefelt, R. D. (eds) Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio). W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, 14, 1 - 193." type="journal article" year="1978">Smith 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A specimen reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E90768EED52DFBB0213A" box="[948,1127,836,860]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E90768EED52DFBB0213A" box="[948,1127,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is hereby designated. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54103E9076BCDD500FF3821E6" box="[151,239,872,896]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
agrees with the description above, which is covered by Brébisson’s characterization. It originates from the western part of the vast distribution range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E90769D5D5E5FD0C21C2" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[655,731,908,932]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E90769D5D5E5FD0C21C2" box="[655,731,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as did the original
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54103E90768E8D5E4FBC021C2" box="[946,1047,908,932]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574103E9076B9DD5C7FEBA26F9" blockId="43.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Also the
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54103E9076A75D5D8FEBD21AE" box="[303,362,944,968]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076AC8D5D9FE2921AE" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1819" box="[402,510,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076AC8D5D9FE2921AE" box="[402,510,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be regarded as lost, because we could not locate concerning material in the NHRS, which includes J.W. Dalman’s collection. The original description, which was accompanied by excellent illustrations, leaves no doubt that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E907697ED591FD452676" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1819" box="[548,658,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E907697ED591FD452676" box="[548,658,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
agrees with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076876D591FCAB2676" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[812,892,1016,1040]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076876D591FCAB2676" box="[812,892,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E907688AD591FBF72676" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[976,1056,1016,1040]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E907688AD591FBF72676" box="[976,1056,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076F04D591FB002676" authorityName=", Dalman" authorityYear="1819" box="[1118,1239,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longula">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076F04D591FB002676" box="[1118,1239,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. longula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from Scandinavia, and within this geographical context the long article 3 of the maxillary palp, the comparatively short ovipositor, and the well developed vein Rs+M on the fore wing (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E90768B6D257FB672631" author="Dalman, J. W." box="[1004,1200,1087,1111]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="117 - 127" refId="ref67724" refString="Dalman, J. W. (1819) Nagra nya Insect-Genera. Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar, pp. 117 - 127." type="book chapter" year="1819">Dalman’s [1819]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
figs 1a, 2a and 4) unequivocally indicate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076AC7D20DFE3E261A" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[413,489,1124,1148]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076AC7D20DFE3E261A" box="[413,489,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, the current synonymy, first proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E9076F66D20CFAAA261A" author="Lepeletier, A. & Serville, J. G. & Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A. & Audinet de Serville, J. G." box="[1084,1405,1124,1148]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="345 - 833" refId="ref69443" refString="Lepeletier, A. & Serville, J. G. [= Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A. & Audinet de Serville, J. G.] (1828) In: Latreille, P. A., LePeletier de Saint-Fargeau, A., Serville, A. J. G. & Guerin. Encyclopedie Methodique. Histoire naturelle. Entomologie, ou Histoire naturelle des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes. [ed. Latreille]. Agasse, Paris, 10 (2), 345 - 833." type="journal article" year="1828">Lepeletier & Serville (1828)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is considered correct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574103E9076B9DD2C5FD342785" blockId="43.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076B9DD2C5FEAF26A2" box="[199,376,1196,1220]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076B9DD2C5FEAF26A2" box="[199,376,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is well known to be the host plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076869D2C5FC5626A2" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[819,897,1196,1220]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076869D2C5FC5626A2" box="[819,897,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E9076896D2C4FB5726A2" author="Rasnitsyn, A. P." box="[972,1152,1196,1220]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="483 - 519" refId="ref70467" refString="Rasnitsyn, A. P. (1965) Notes on the biology, systematics and phylogeny of Xyelinae (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae). Polske Pismo Entomologiczne, 35 (12), 483 - 519." type="journal article" year="1965">Rasnitsyn 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54103E9076F90D2C4FAD226A2" box="[1226,1285,1196,1220]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076E74D2C5FA4B26A2" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1819" box="[1326,1436,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076E74D2C5FA4B26A2" box="[1326,1436,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076A26D2B9FDD5268E" box="[380,514,1232,1256]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076A26D2B9FDD5268E" box="[380,514,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wood (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E9076901D2A7FD2B2681" author="Dalman, J. W." box="[603,764,1231,1255]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="117 - 127" refId="ref67724" refString="Dalman, J. W. (1819) Nagra nya Insect-Genera. Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar, pp. 117 - 127." type="book chapter" year="1819">Dalman 1819</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E9076848D2A7FC602681" author="Rudow, F." box="[786,951,1231,1255]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="89 - 90" refId="ref70918" refString="Rudow, F. (1912) Afterraupen der Blattwespen und ihre Entwicklung. Entomologische Rundschau, 29 (18), 89 - 90." type="journal article" year="1912">Rudow (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
supposed that he had reared
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076E56D2B9FA8C268E" authorityName="Brebisson" authorityYear="1818" box="[1292,1371,1232,1256]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Pinicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076E56D2B9FA8C268E" box="[1292,1371,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from enlarged shoots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076A33D29DFE3B276A" box="[361,492,1268,1292]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076A33D29DFE3B276A" box="[361,492,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with swollen buds, but obviously his sample contained not only buds infested by the moth
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076B87D370FC352749" authority="(Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Denis & Schiffermuller" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[221,994,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Rhyacionia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buoliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076B87D370FE1A2756" box="[221,461,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Rhyacionia buoliana</emphasis>
|
||
(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Tortricidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but also staminate cones with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076E06D370FA4B2756" authorityName="Henschii Mocsary" authorityYear="1912" box="[1372,1436,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076E06D370FA4B2756" box="[1372,1436,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Xyela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae. Over 140 subspecies, varieties or forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E90769B6D355FCA32732" box="[748,884,1340,1364]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E90769B6D355FCA32732" box="[748,884,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described, but besides the
|
||
<typeStatus id="25775FF54103E9076E6DD354FAB02732" box="[1335,1383,1340,1364]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076E29D354FF28271E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="variety" variety="sylvestris">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076BCDD308FF28271E" box="[151,255,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076A16D308FD802711" authority="C. Steven" authorityName="C. Steven" box="[332,599,1375,1400]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="variety" variety="hamata">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076AD8D308FE01271E" box="[386,470,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">hamata</emphasis>
|
||
C. Steven
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Balkan peninsula, N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E9076831D337FC6B2711" box="[875,956,1375,1399]" name="Turkey" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
, SW Transcaucasia) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076FB5D308FF2027FA" authority="Litvinov" authorityName="Litvinov" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="variety" variety="mongolica">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076E7CD308FA4B271E" box="[1318,1436,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">mongolica</emphasis>
|
||
Litvinov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E9076A5FD3ECFEA127FA" box="[261,374,1412,1436]" name="Mongolia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E9076AECD3ECFE2B27FA" box="[438,508,1412,1436]" name="China" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, S Siberia) are now normally accepted (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E90768EDD3ECFBE127FA" author="Earle, C. J." box="[951,1078,1412,1436]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref67914" refString="Earle, C. J. (ed.) (2011) Gymnosperm Database. Available from: http: // www. conifers. org (Date of access: 24.9.2012)." type="url" year="2011">Earle 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All these forms are relevant as larval host plants. A female from Georgia was caught on “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E907686BD3C1FC7627A6" box="[817,929,1448,1472]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E907686BD3C1FC7627A6" box="[817,929,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. hamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” according to its labeling. Records from the Baikal region are inside the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E907696FD3A4FD0C2782" box="[565,731,1484,1508]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="variety" variety="mongolica">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E907693FD3A4FD0C2782" box="[613,731,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">mongolica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574103E9076B9DD398FED92509" blockId="43.[151,1440,151,2012]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076B9DD398FEAF246E" box="[199,376,1520,1544]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076B9DD398FEAF246E" box="[199,376,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits the largest distribution area among pines, reaching from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E9076F2ED387FB012461" box="[1140,1238,1519,1543]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
almost up to the Pacific Coast in Siberia, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E9076AB2D07CFD95244A" box="[488,578,1556,1580]" name="Norway" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E907693FD07CFD73244A" box="[613,676,1556,1580]" name="Spain" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
and from Arctic Siberia to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E907688DD07CFB93244A" box="[983,1092,1556,1580]" name="Mongolia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076F0BD07CFB13244A" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1105,1220,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076F0BD07CFB13244A" box="[1105,1220,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Xyela julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apparently follows up to the limits of its host plant’s distribution range. In northern Europe, it was collected in vast number almost up to the North Cape. It is abundant in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E907696CD034FD4C2412" box="[566,667,1628,1652]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076853D035FC592412" box="[777,910,1628,1652]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076853D035FC592412" box="[777,910,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
population became isolated some 4,400 years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E9076B94D017FE4324F1" author="Willis, J. K. & Bennett, K. D. & Birks, H. J. B." box="[206,404,1663,1687]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="107 - 121" refId="ref72882" refString="Willis, J. K., Bennett, K. D. & Birks, H. J. B. (1998) The late Quarternary dynamics of pines in Europe. In: Richardson, D. M. (ed.) Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne and Madrid, pp. 107 - 121 [paperback edition, 2000]." type="journal article" year="1998">Willis et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and later spread from there over
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E9076842D017FCA224F1" box="[792,885,1663,1687]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
apparently along with cultivated trees. The most southern West Palearctic records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076975D0CDFDAB24DA" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[559,636,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076975D0CDFDAB24DA" box="[559,636,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E90769B7D0CCFCFA24DA" box="[749,813,1700,1724]" name="Spain" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(El Ventorillo) and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E9076F22D0CCFB1024DA" box="[1144,1223,1700,1724]" name="Greece" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Mt. Kajmakčalan and Mt. Vrondou), where it was found between
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24103E9076990D0AFFCA124B9" box="[714,886,1735,1759]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" metricValueMax="1.68" metricValueMin="1.48" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1580.0" valueMax="1680.0" valueMin="1480.0">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9FF887904103E9076990D0AFFCDE24B9" box="[714,777,1735,1759]" degrees="1,480" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="55" value="1.48">1,480</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9FF887904103E9076853D0AFFC8024B9" box="[777,855,1735,1759]" degrees="1,680" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="55" value="-1.68">–1,680</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
altitude, and from Georgia (Caucasus National Park). In southern Siberia it occurs in the Altai Mountains (reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076893D085FB932562" authorityName=": Benson" authorityYear="1961" box="[969,1092,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076893D085FB932562" box="[969,1092,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E9076F28D084FAF32562" author="Rasnitsyn, A. P." box="[1138,1316,1772,1796]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="483 - 519" refId="ref70467" refString="Rasnitsyn, A. P. (1965) Notes on the biology, systematics and phylogeny of Xyelinae (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae). Polske Pismo Entomologiczne, 35 (12), 483 - 519." type="journal article" year="1965">Rasnitsyn 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076EDDD085FF28254E" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076EDDD085FF28254E" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grows between
|
||
<quantity id="3D344CB24103E9076AEFD167FDE42541" box="[437,563,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="525.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="350.0">350–700 m</quantity>
|
||
altitude (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E90769C1D167FCF22541" author="Mirov, N. T." box="[667,805,1807,1831]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref69989" refString="Mirov, N. T. (1967) The genus Pinus. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 602 pp." type="book" year="1967">Mirov 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and it was collected several times by Verzhutskij in the environs of Irkutsk (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E9076AB8D15CFD71252A" author="Verzhutskij, B. N." box="[482,678,1844,1868]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref72513" refString="Verzhutskij, B. N. (1966) Pililshchiki Pribaikalya. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 162 pp. [English translation: Verzhutskii, B. N. (1978) Sawflies of Baikal region. Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre, New Dehli, 234 pp.]." type="book" year="1966">Verzhutskij 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The most southeastern record is from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="82DBA1C74103E9076F37D15CFB0E252A" box="[1133,1241,1844,1868]" name="Mongolia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Hentiyn Nuruu, Bogdo ul).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA73E1574103E9006B9CD114FB1D237A" blockId="43.[151,1440,151,2012]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
The exceptional occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076973D115FDA025F2" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[553,631,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076973D115FDA025F2" box="[553,631,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E90769FFD115FD2825F2" authorityName="Arn. (Benes" authorityYear="1975" box="[677,767,1917,1940]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E90769FFD115FD2825F2" box="[677,767,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might possibly have been caused by coinciding host plant phenologies similar to the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076907D1C9FD1D25DE" authorityName="J. P. E. F. Stein" authorityYear="1876" box="[605,714,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076907D1C9FD1D25DE" box="[605,714,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. graeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E90769A9D1C9FCA125DE" box="[755,886,1952,1976]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E90769A9D1C9FCA125DE" box="[755,886,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64103E90768DED1C8FAE625DE" author="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E." box="[900,1329,1952,1976]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="273 - 327" refId="ref70428" refString="Pschorn-Walcher, H. & Altenhofer, E. (2000) Langjahrige Larvenaufsammlungen und Zuchten von Pflanzenwespen (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) in Mitteleuropa. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 32 (1), 273 - 327." type="journal article" year="2000">Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reared
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076EDED1C9FF1325BA" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076EDED1C9FF1325BA" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076A4ED1ADFEFA25BA" box="[276,301,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P.</emphasis>
|
||
x
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076A0BD1ACFE6925BA" box="[337,446,1988,2012]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076A0BD1ACFE6925BA" box="[337,446,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">rotundata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they erroneously quoted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076876D1ADFC7825BA" authorityName="Ramond (Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2000" box="[812,943,1989,2012]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076876D1ADFC7825BA" box="[812,943,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. uncinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for “Moor-Spirke” (see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44103E9076F81D1ADFAB925BA" authorityName="Blank & Shinohara & Altenhofer" authorityYear="2013" box="[1243,1390,1989,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uncinatae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454103E9076F81D1ADFAB925BA" box="[1243,1390,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">X. uncinatae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for nomenclature of the pines). Pine and reared material have here been checked. Today this pine is mostly considered a variety or subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44104E9006A86D6D5FDB222B2" box="[476,613,188,212]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454104E9006A86D6D5FDB222B2" box="[476,613,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which mainly differs in resin chemistry (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64104E9006F30D6D4FB2E22B2" author="Mirov, N. T." box="[1130,1273,188,212]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref69989" refString="Mirov, N. T. (1967) The genus Pinus. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 602 pp." type="book" year="1967">Mirov 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64104E9006E56D6D4FA5822B2" author="Earle, C. J." box="[1292,1423,188,212]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref67914" refString="Earle, C. J. (ed.) (2011) Gymnosperm Database. Available from: http: // www. conifers. org (Date of access: 24.9.2012)." type="url" year="2011">Earle 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Development on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44104E9006A01D689FE1B229E" box="[347,460,224,248]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cembra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454104E9006A01D689FE1B229E" box="[347,460,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. cembra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as assumed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D9CA64104E90069D9D6B7FCF52291" author="Schedl, W." box="[643,802,223,247]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="97 - 115" refId="ref70996" refString="Schedl, W. (1978) Die Xyelidae Europas (Insecta: Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Xyelidae) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Fundnachweise aus den Ostalpen. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 65, 97 - 115." type="journal article" year="1978">Schedl (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cannot be confirmed. This relationship is very unlikely due to restriction of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44104E9006A20D76DFE3E237A" box="[378,489,260,284]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cembra">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454104E9006A20D76DFE3E237A" box="[378,489,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. cembra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the subalpine zone of the central Alps, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DCC9AD44104E9006F57D76DFB8E237A" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1037,1113,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8B83D454104E9006F57D76DFB8E237A" box="[1037,1113,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">X. julii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |