310 lines
33 KiB
XML
310 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6060914" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b19b3fd5-7380-49de-a706-5e8376384274" ID-GBIF-Taxon="126098813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6060914" checkinTime="1483955123882" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jean- Paul Haenni & Dalton de Souza Amorim" docDate="2016" docId="725BEB09FFE5D272FE101114427FFDCA" docLanguage="en" docName="127-142_Haenni & Amorim.pdf" docOrigin="Mitteilungen Der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 89" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Psacotes caudata Haenni & Amorim, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="140" masterDocId="8E629371FFEED27CFFD8122F4105FFE4" masterDocTitle="Two new Afrotropical genera of Scatopsidae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="127" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" updateTime="1644757963397" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new Afrotropical genera of Scatopsidae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jean- Paul Haenni</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dalton de Souza Amorim</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mitteilungen Der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>89</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>127</mods:start>
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<mods:end>142</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.19262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b19b3fd5-7380-49de-a706-5e8376384274</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">192621</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6060914" ID-GBIF-Taxon="126098813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6060914" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:725BEB09FFE5D272FE101114427FFDCA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/725BEB09FFE5D272FE101114427FFDCA" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">
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<subSubSection box="[456,738,826,850]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[456,738,826,886]" box="[456,738,826,850]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">
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<heading box="[456,738,826,850]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName box="[456,646,826,850]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Psacotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[456,646,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Psacotes caudata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[653,738,827,850]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[541,653,867,886]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[456,738,826,886]" box="[541,653,867,886]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[547,647,867,886]" captionStart="Figs 24 – 26" captionStartId="12.[140,178,1432,1451]" captionTargetBox="[249,915,130,1400]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[242,921,122,1406]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 24 – 26. Psacotes caudata sp. nov. ♂: — 24. Tergite 7; — 25. Sternite 7; — 26. Genital capsule, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235407/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Figs 24–26</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[155,518,915,940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[155,518,915,940]" box="[155,518,915,940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">
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<heading box="[155,518,915,940]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" reason="1">Type locality. Botswana, Serowe.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="138" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[155,1040,967,1490]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis box="[215,308,967,991]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Material</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1423853302" collectingDate="1991-08" collectingMethod="Malaise Trap" collectionCode="CMNHP" collectorName="Per Forchhammer" country="Botswana" location="Farmer’s Brigade" municipality="Serowe" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" specimenCode="SE2226BD" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[312,421,967,991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCount box="[432,486,967,991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" type="male">male</specimenCount>
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, labelled: «
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<collectingCountry box="[612,769,967,991]" name="Botswana" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">BOTSWANA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality box="[780,860,967,991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Serowe</collectingMunicipality>
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/
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:725BEB09FFE5D272FE101114427FFDCA:FF2D0CC4FFE5D277FCB511E841C8FC18" country="Botswana" municipality="Serowe" name="Farmer’s Brigade" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Farmer’s Brigade</location>
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/
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<collectingDate box="[219,325,997,1021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" value="1991-08">
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<date box="[219,325,997,1021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" value="1991-08">Aug 1991</date>
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</collectingDate>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[335,456,996,1020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">SE2226BD</specimenCode>
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/
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<collectorName box="[470,660,996,1021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Per Forchhammer</collectorName>
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/
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<collectingMethod box="[674,818,996,1020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Malaise Trap</collectingMethod>
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». Holotype in poor condition (right wing lacking, apex of left wing damaged), [formerly dry-preserved, glued on card,] dissected and slide-mounted,
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<collectionCode box="[642,740,1055,1079]" collectionName="CMNHP" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">CMNHP</collectionCode>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="138" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[155,1040,967,1490]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis box="[215,323,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.Male aedeagal plate with an elongate, tail-like conical process (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figs 24 – 26" captionStartId="12.[140,178,1432,1451]" captionTargetBox="[249,915,130,1400]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[242,921,122,1406]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 24 – 26. Psacotes caudata sp. nov. ♂: — 24. Tergite 7; — 25. Sternite 7; — 26. Genital capsule, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235407/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[155,1040,967,1490]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis box="[215,341,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Description</emphasis>
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.Male. Body length, 1.5 mm. Brown in general colour (but probably not fully coloured specimen), except palpus and labella, yellowish-brown, a median pale ring on posterior tibia, all tarsi contrastingly yellow; halter brown; dull, except for thoracic pleura, shining. Labella elongate, pointed; antenna as long as head height, widening towards apex, with a8-segmented flagellum, last segment rounded, somewhat longer than combined length of two preceding ones; each flagellomere bearing asingle row of setae; palpus very large, nearly as long as eye height, rounded at apex and base, sausage-shaped.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[155,1040,967,1490]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Thorax. Notum clearly longer than wide; awell marked row of 15 long supralars; 10 strong marginal scutellars; spiracular sclerite triangular, elongate, nearly twice as long as high; about 16 anepisternals and arow of about 10 upper anepisternals.</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235407/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" targetBox="[249,915,130,1400]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[140,1025,1430,1497]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">
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Figs 24–26.
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<taxonomicName box="[249,402,1432,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Psacotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[249,402,1432,1451]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">Psacotes caudata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[408,479,1432,1451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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♂: — 24. Tergite 7; — 25. Sternite 7; — 26. Genital capsule, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="12.[140,1025,1430,1497]" box="[140,893,1477,1497]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">Abbreviations: ae – aedeagus; ae pl – aedeagal plate; ep – epandrium; pa – paramere.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[155,1040,123,675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">
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Wing. 1.6 mm; membrane light whitish, anterior veins light brownish, posterior veins translucent; wing venation similar to that of
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<taxonomicName box="[732,910,153,177]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Psacotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantipalpus">
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<emphasis box="[732,910,153,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">P. gigantipalpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;halter with 3setae on stem.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[155,1040,123,675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">
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Abdomen. Sternites 1–2 unsclerotized, sternites 3–7 sclerotized, 3narrow, 4– 6wider, 7of normal size; pregenital segment 7with acomplete anterior ring of sclerotization, which is also present on pleural membranes, sternite and tergite very close together anteriorly, nearly fused, spiracles present basally on pleural membrane, close to tergite; both sternite and tergite 7(
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<figureCitation box="[678,801,329,353]" captionStart="Figs 24 – 26" captionStartId="12.[140,178,1432,1451]" captionTargetBox="[249,915,130,1400]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[242,921,122,1406]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 24 – 26. Psacotes caudata sp. nov. ♂: — 24. Tergite 7; — 25. Sternite 7; — 26. Genital capsule, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235407/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Figs 24–25</figureCitation>
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) with acomplex posterior median emargination, aseparate, small inner sclerite at the posterior margin of tergite 7(
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<figureCitation box="[281,362,387,411]" captionStart="Figs 24 – 26" captionStartId="12.[140,178,1432,1451]" captionTargetBox="[249,915,130,1400]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[242,921,122,1406]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 24 – 26. Psacotes caudata sp. nov. ♂: — 24. Tergite 7; — 25. Sternite 7; — 26. Genital capsule, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235407/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[155,1040,123,675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">
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Genital capsule (
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<figureCitation box="[398,477,417,441]" captionStart="Figs 24 – 26" captionStartId="12.[140,178,1432,1451]" captionTargetBox="[249,915,130,1400]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[242,921,122,1406]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 24 – 26. Psacotes caudata sp. nov. ♂: — 24. Tergite 7; — 25. Sternite 7; — 26. Genital capsule, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235407/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
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) as high as long, with elongate, conical, tail-shaped prominent aedeagal plate, with arounded hole at base through which protrudes the short aedeagus; epandrium truncate apically, convex, somewhat roof-shaped, parameres widened, beak-like, directed dorsally, apically acute, setose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[155,1040,123,675]" box="[215,421,534,558]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[215,876,563,587]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[155,1040,123,675]" box="[215,876,563,587]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis box="[215,345,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Distribution</emphasis>
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.Only known from the type-locality in Botswana.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="140" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[155,1040,123,675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis box="[215,329,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Etymology</emphasis>
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.The specific epithet of the species name is afeminine adjective derived from the Latin word «cauda», meaning «tail», in reference to the striking tail-like projection of the male genital plate capsule.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[155,1040,752,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName box="[155,251,753,776]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Psacotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[155,251,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Psacotes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[259,360,753,777]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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clearly belongs to the
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<taxonomicName box="[611,743,752,776]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scatopsinae">Scatopsinae</taxonomicName>
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, as can be inferred by considering the sperm pump lying free in the abdomen and other synapomorphies of the subfamily. Its tribal placement, however, is less evident. The
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<taxonomicName box="[850,1040,811,835]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhegmoclematini">Rhegmoclematini</taxonomicName>
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can be discarded, as there are setae on the stem on the halter and there are no macrosetae on the wing membrane or on posterior veins. The relatively short R4+5,the vestiture of microtrichia on most of the body, and the relatively simplified structure of the male terminalia would not allow its inclusion in the
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<taxonomicName box="[770,885,928,952]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scatopsini">Scatopsini</taxonomicName>
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. At afirst look the male genital capsule is similar to that of the
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<taxonomicName box="[686,862,958,982]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Colobostematini">Colobostematini</taxonomicName>
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genus
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<taxonomicName authority="Enderlein, 1926" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Colobostema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Colobostema</emphasis>
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Enderlein, 1926
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</taxonomicName>
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, but this resemblance is superficial. In fact, the genus presents several synapomorphies of the Swammerdamellini or of some of its subclades (
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<bibRefCitation author="Amorim, D. de S" bookContentInfo="172 pp." box="[162,321,1046,1070]" journalOrPublisher="Thesis, Sao Paulo" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" refString="Amorim, D. de S. 1982. Sistematica filogenetica dos Scatopsidae (Diptera: Oligoneura: Bibionomorpha). - Thesis, Sao Paulo, 172 pp., 76 pl." title="Sistematica filogenetica dos Scatopsidae (Diptera: Oligoneura: Bibionomorpha)" type="book" year="1982">Amorim 1982</bibRefCitation>
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): antepronotum partly divided by aventral cleft, R 4+5 reaching C shortly beyond the middle of wing, and the presence of awell-developed aedeagal plate in the male terminalia. The type-species of the genus proposed here was originally described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Cook, E. F." box="[392,533,1134,1158]" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" pagination="53 - 58" part="65" refString="Cook, E. F. 1962. Five new African Scatopsidae. - Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 65: 53 - 58." title="Five new African Scatopsidae" type="journal article" year="1962">Cook (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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as belonging to the catch-all genus
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<taxonomicName authority="Enderlein. As" authorityName="Enderlein. As" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Rhexoza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[949,1039,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Rhexoza</emphasis>
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Enderlein. As
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</taxonomicName>
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amatter of fact,
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<taxonomicName box="[487,577,1163,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Rhexoza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[487,577,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Rhexoza</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was originally understood by
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<bibRefCitation author="Cook, E. F." box="[903,1040,1163,1187]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the entomological Society of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" pagination="1 - 12" part="49" refString="Cook, E. F. 1956. A contribution towards a monograph of the Scatopsidae (Diptera). Part III. The genus Rhexoza Enderlein. - Annals of the entomological Society of America 49: 1 - 12." title="A contribution towards a monograph of the Scatopsidae (Diptera). Part III. The genus Rhexoza Enderlein" type="journal article" year="1956">Cook (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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in avery broad sense, grouping all Swammerdamellini species except for those placed in the genera
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<taxonomicName authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" box="[393,698,1222,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Swammerdamella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[393,584,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Swammerdamella</emphasis>
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Enderlein
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Melander, 1916" authorityName="Melander" authorityYear="1916" box="[757,1039,1222,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Coboldia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[757,856,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Coboldia</emphasis>
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Melander, 1916
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Cook, E. F." box="[218,355,1251,1275]" editor="Stone, A." journalOrPublisher="Washington, D. C." pageId="13" pageNumber="140" pagination="237 - 241" part="276" refString="Cook, E. F. 1965 b. Family Scatopsidae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. & Coulson, J. R. (eds), A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. - Agriculture Handbook 276, Washington, D. C., pp. 237 - 241." title="Family Scatopsidae" type="journal article" volumeTitle="A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. - Agriculture Handbook" year="1965" yearSuffix="b">Cook 1965b</bibRefCitation>
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). More recently, arguing that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[683,773,1251,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Rhexoza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[683,773,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Rhexoza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was polyphyletic,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cook, E. F." journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" pagination="62 - 75" part="51" refString="Cook, E. F. 1975. A reconsideration of the Nearctic Rhexoza (Diptera: Scatopsidae). - Pan-Pacific Entomologist 51: 62 - 75." title="A reconsideration of the Nearctic Rhexoza (Diptera: Scatopsidae)" type="journal article" year="1975">Cook (1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cook, E. F." box="[231,286,1281,1305]" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" pagination="31 - 37" part="54" refString="Cook, E. F. 1978. A new genus and five new species of Scatopsidae from California, Mexico, El Salvador and Peru (Diptera). - Pan-Pacific Entomologist 54 (1): 31 - 37." title="A new genus and five new species of Scatopsidae from California, Mexico, El Salvador and Peru (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) erected new genera for different groups of species formerly included in the genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Freeman, P." box="[298,470,1310,1334]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's monthly Magazine" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" pagination="9 - 19" part="126" refString="Freeman, P. 1990. Redescription of seven Oriental species of Scatopsidae (Diptera) described by F. W. Edwards in the genus Scatopse. - Entomologist's monthly Magazine 126: 9 - 19." title="Redescription of seven Oriental species of Scatopsidae (Diptera) described by F. W. Edwards in the genus Scatopse" type="journal article" year="1990">Freeman (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amorim, D. de S." box="[523,691,1310,1334]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" pagination="41 - 53" part="1640" refString="Amorim, D. de S. 2007. Two new genera of Swammerdamellini (Diptera, Scatopsidae), with a discussion of the position of the species of Rhexoza. - Zootaxa 1640: 41 - 53." title="Two new genera of Swammerdamellini (Diptera, Scatopsidae), with a discussion of the position of the species of Rhexoza" type="journal article" year="2007">Amorim (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
continued to dismantle
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[949,1039,1310,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Rhexoza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[949,1039,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Rhexoza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
describing several additional genera for species that belonged to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[852,942,1339,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Rhexoza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis box="[852,942,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Rhexoza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[949,981,1339,1363]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[155,1040,752,1510]" lastBlockId="14.[140,1025,123,559]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">
|
||
The sclerotized sternites 3–7 in the Afrotropical species gathered in this new genus suggest arather basal position within the tribe. This condition is seen in all genera of Swammerdamellini except
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[560,698,1427,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Pararhexosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[560,698,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Pararhexosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[712,903,1427,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Swammerdamella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[712,903,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Swammerdamella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Coboldia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Coboldia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,other genera of the tribe having gradually lost the sclerotization of sternites 3– 7. Very typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[342,437,1487,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Psacotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[342,437,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Psacotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are its strongly developed maxillary palpi, to some extent similar to what is seen in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[518,653,123,147]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Pararhexosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[518,653,123,147]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Pararhexosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.This new genus, however, strongly differs from the latter by the shape of the head, higher than long (longer than high in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[169,307,182,206]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Pararhexosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[169,307,182,206]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Pararhexosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the shape of the elongate spiracular sclerite (short, triangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[140,278,211,235]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Pararhexosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,278,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Pararhexosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the well-developed aedeagal plate in the male terminalia (not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[256,394,241,265]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Pararhexosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[256,394,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Pararhexosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). As seen above,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[592,730,241,265]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Pararhexosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[592,730,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Pararhexosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has some similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[140,267,271,294]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Aztecatopse" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,267,271,294]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Aztecatopse</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[321,419,271,294]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Octaseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[321,419,271,294]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Octaseps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[433,528,271,294]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Psacotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[433,528,271,294]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Psacotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in fact shares some apomorphic features with the terminal taxa of the Swammerdamellini: the antepronotum deeply incised ventrally (a division more advanced than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Freeman, 1990" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1990" box="[630,914,329,353]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Abrhexosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[630,744,329,353]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Abrhexosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Freeman, P." box="[753,914,329,353]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's monthly Magazine" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="9 - 19" part="126" refString="Freeman, P. 1990. Redescription of seven Oriental species of Scatopsidae (Diptera) described by F. W. Edwards in the genus Scatopse. - Entomologist's monthly Magazine 126: 9 - 19." title="Redescription of seven Oriental species of Scatopsidae (Diptera) described by F. W. Edwards in the genus Scatopse" type="journal article" year="1990">Freeman, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Amorim, 2007" authorityName="Amorim" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Cooka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[955,1025,329,353]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Cooka</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amorim, D. de S." box="[140,300,358,382]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="41 - 53" part="1640" refString="Amorim, D. de S. 2007. Two new genera of Swammerdamellini (Diptera, Scatopsidae), with a discussion of the position of the species of Rhexoza. - Zootaxa 1640: 41 - 53." title="Two new genera of Swammerdamellini (Diptera, Scatopsidae), with a discussion of the position of the species of Rhexoza" type="journal article" year="2007">Amorim, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but less complete than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Amorim, 2007" authorityName="Amorim" authorityYear="2007" box="[584,869,358,382]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Brahemyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[584,701,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Brahemyia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Amorim, D. de S." box="[708,869,358,382]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="41 - 53" part="1640" refString="Amorim, D. de S. 2007. Two new genera of Swammerdamellini (Diptera, Scatopsidae), with a discussion of the position of the species of Rhexoza. - Zootaxa 1640: 41 - 53." title="Two new genera of Swammerdamellini (Diptera, Scatopsidae), with a discussion of the position of the species of Rhexoza" type="journal article" year="2007">Amorim, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), considerably short aedeagus, protruding through arounded hole in the basal part of the strongly developed aedeagal plate (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[488,605,417,441]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Brahemyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[488,605,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Brahemyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The sclerotized abdominal sternite 4 (unsclerotized in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[325,439,446,470]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Abrhexosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[325,439,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Abrhexosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[453,566,446,470]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Quateiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[453,566,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Quateiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[579,649,446,470]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Cooka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[579,649,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Cooka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[701,818,446,470]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Brahemyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[701,818,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Brahemyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[861,956,447,470]" class="Insecta" family="Scatopsidae" genus="Psacotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[861,956,447,470]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Psacotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,however, is aplesiomorphic condition that does not allow it to fit close to these three genera. Aformal phylogenetic analysis of the Swammerdamellini is still necessary to properly establish the relationships between the genera of the tribe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |