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<mods:title id="3DCF2FBC12A1217A07C86EC01C2BDE98">Petalidium etendekaense (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia, with notes on the taxonomic identity of P. glutinosum</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="A84EDBD51CDCAF22691E52B76CB435F6">University of Colorado, Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, &amp; Museum of Natural History, UCB 350, Boulder, Colorado, 80309 U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="89569F763400A8385FFDFAD6579FA84C">Dexter, Kyle G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="88E2FF75BFC70D5AC6176D4691ED8A53">University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences, 219 Crew Building, Edinburgh EH 9 3 FF, United Kingdom &amp; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C8E588BB4DFA68D490D27F098AE250E4">Van Wyk, Abraham E.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="A10B4B08CA65FFA348D870D2FDE787BB" bold="true" box="[136,532,1444,1471]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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Identity of
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA65FFA3495C70D2FDE787BB" ID-CoL="7WKVL" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Engler" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[268,532,1444,1471]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA65FFA3495C70D2FDE787BB" bold="true" box="[268,532,1444,1471]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Petalidium glutinosum</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="FA43FC64CA65FFA348D8709BFEFF84DB" blockId="1.[136,1452,1516,2083]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
In the second half of the 19th century, some herbarium specimens collected by the South African botanist Rudolf Marloth were sent by him to
<collectingCountry id="82EBBCF4CA65FFA3499B7366FDC7842E" box="[459,564,1552,1578]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Germany</collectingCountry>
, where Adolf Engler and others documented them in two instalments published in 1888 under the title “Plantae Marlothianae”. Among these specimens was the collection
<emphasis id="C8882076CA65FFA34CE67342FAA6844A" box="[1206,1365,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Marloth 1435</emphasis>
, which was gathered in
<date id="8E42DAA4CA65FFA34917732FFE4E8476" box="[327,445,1624,1651]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" value="1886-05">
May
<quantity id="3D045181CA65FFA349D5732EFE4E8476" box="[389,445,1624,1650]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.79044" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" unit="in" value="1886.0">1886</quantity>
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in northwestern
<collectingCountry id="82EBBCF4CA65FFA34AD2732EFD158476" box="[642,742,1624,1650]" name="Namibia" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Namibia</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA65FFA34AA4732EFC608476" author="Engler, A." box="[756,915,1624,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" pagination="242 - 285" refId="ref6616" refString="Engler, A. (1888) Plantae Marlothianae II: Dikotyledoneae sympetalae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 10: 242 - 285. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 684 # page / 253 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1888">Engler (1888)</bibRefCitation>
described it as a new species,
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA65FFA34CAD732EFE208493" authority="Engler (1888: 259)" authorityName=", Engler" authorityPageNumber="259" authorityYear="1888" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseudobarleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosa">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA65FFA34CAD732EFF038492" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Pseudobarleria glutinosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA65FFA348A8730AFE208493" author="Engler, A." box="[248,467,1660,1687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" pagination="242 - 285" refId="ref6616" refString="Engler, A. (1888) Plantae Marlothianae II: Dikotyledoneae sympetalae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 10: 242 - 285. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 684 # page / 253 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1888">Engler (1888: 259)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The pollen morphology of this species was studied and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA65FFA34CA4730AFA628492" author="Lindau, G." box="[1268,1425,1660,1686]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" pagination="36 - 64" refId="ref6893" refString="Lindau, G. (1893) Beitrage zur Systematik der Acanthaceen. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 18: 36 - 64. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 676 # page / 43 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1893">Lindau (1893</bibRefCitation>
: t. 1–13). Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA65FFA3492F73D6FDB984BE" author="Clarke, C. B." box="[383,586,1696,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref6242" refString="Clarke, C. B. (1899) Petalidium. In: Thiselton-Dyer, W. T. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa 5 (1). L. Reeve &amp; Co., London, pp. 87 - 93. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 128 # page / 98 / mode / 1 up]" type="book chapter" year="1899">Clarke (1899: 90)</bibRefCitation>
transferred the species to
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA65FFA34B2973D6FC0784BE" authorityName="Nees von Esenbeck" authorityYear="1832" box="[889,1012,1696,1722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA65FFA34B2973D6FC0784BE" box="[889,1012,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Petalidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the new combination
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA65FFA34D6073D6FEF784DA" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Engler" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA65FFA34D6073D6FEF784DA" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Petalidium glutinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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Upon arriving in
<collectingCountry id="82EBBCF4CA65FFA349D1739EFE198506" box="[385,490,1768,1794]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Germany</collectingCountry>
, Marloth’s herbarium specimens, which included the aforementioned gathering, were taken up in the private herbarium of Engler. From 1884 to 1889, Engler worked in Breslau, where he focused on the Marloth material along with other projects. In 1889, when Engler relocated to
<collectingRegion id="38383286CA65FFA34BB17246FBD9854E" box="[993,1066,1840,1866]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Berlin</collectingRegion>
, his private herbarium became part of the
<collectingRegion id="38383286CA65FFA348827222FEEB856A" box="[210,280,1876,1902]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Berlin</collectingRegion>
Herbarium (
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA65FFA349F87222FDC0856A" author="Urban, I." box="[424,563,1876,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" refId="ref7811" refString="Urban, I. (1916) Geschichte des Koniglichen Botanischen Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem (1815 - 1913) nebst aufzahlung soiner Sammlungen. C. Heinrich, Dresden, 456 pp." type="book" year="1916">Urban 1916</bibRefCitation>
, J. Paule, pers. comm.). In the protologue of
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA65FFA34C637222FF208596" authority=", Engler (1888)" authorityName=", Engler" authorityYear="1888" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseudobarleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosa">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA65FFA34C637222FAA2856A" box="[1075,1361,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Pseudobarleria glutinosa</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA65FFA34D317222FF208596" author="Engler, A." pageId="1" pageNumber="36" pagination="242 - 285" refId="ref6616" refString="Engler, A. (1888) Plantae Marlothianae II: Dikotyledoneae sympetalae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 10: 242 - 285. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 684 # page / 253 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1888">Engler (1888)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
mentioned only the Marloth gathering but did not specify a particular specimen or the institution housing it. This suggests that all existing duplicates of
<emphasis id="C8882076CA65FFA34A2B72EAFCE485B2" box="[635,791,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Marloth 1435</emphasis>
should be regarded as
<typeStatus id="254742C6CA65FFA34C7072EBFB7185B3" box="[1056,1154,1949,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA65FFA34CC272EAFAC585B2" author="McNeill, J." box="[1170,1334,1948,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" pagination="1112 - 1113" refId="ref7064" refString="McNeill, J. (2014) Holotype specimens and type citations: general issues. Taxon 63 (5): 1112 - 1113. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 635.7" type="journal article" year="2014">McNeill 2014</bibRefCitation>
). We have encountered duplicates of this gathering in Herbs BOL, K, SAM in NBG, and PRE. However, in Herb. B, where one would expect to find material examined by Engler, no specimens of this gathering are extant, leading to the assumption that the original specimen(s) were likely destroyed in the fire resulting from a bombing raid during World War II in 1943. Nonetheless, the duplicate in Kew bears a printed label of “Herbarium A. Engler” with the original handwriting on the label, including the name “
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04A4975B4FC7682D8" authority="Engl." authorityName=", Engler" authorityYear="1888" box="[537,901,194,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseudobarleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosa">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04A4975B4FCC982D8" box="[537,826,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Pseudobarleria glutinosa</emphasis>
Engl.
</taxonomicName>
”, matching that of Adolf Engler (confirmed by N. Kilian, pers. comm.). Engler must have received more than
<specimenCount id="ECFA37EDCA66FFA04B3C7591FBFA8304" box="[876,1033,230,257]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
of this gathering from Marloth and exchanged this specific duplicate with Kew, a practice that was quite common at the time (
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA66FFA04C27747CFAF68320" author="Kaiser, K." box="[1143,1285,266,292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="279 - 296" refId="ref6840" refString="Kaiser, K. (2022) Duplicate networks: the Berlin botanical institutions as a ' clearing house' for colonial plant material, 1891 - 1920. The British Journal for the History of Science 55: 279 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007087422000139" type="journal article" year="2022">Kaiser 2022</bibRefCitation>
). We designate the
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA048E17458FEB8834C" box="[177,331,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Marloth 1435</emphasis>
sheet at Kew as the
<typeStatus id="254742C6CA66FFA04A7D7458FD67834C" box="[557,660,302,328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for the name
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04B7D7458FBB9834C" authorityName=", Engler" authorityYear="1888" box="[813,1098,302,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseudobarleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosa">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04B7D7458FBB9834C" box="[813,1098,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Pseudobarleria glutinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We have chosen this particular specimen because it is of good quality, contains all relevant information, and is also the only one among the duplicates that was certainly examined by Engler as it originated from his private herbarium and bears his handwriting.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA43FC64CA66FFA048ED74EDFB48806C" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
In her revision of
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA0492F74ECFE0983B0" authorityName="Nees von Esenbeck" authorityYear="1832" box="[383,506,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA0492F74ECFE0983B0" box="[383,506,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Petalidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="82EBBCF4CA66FFA04A4A74ECFD5483B0" box="[538,679,410,436]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="82EBBCF4CA66FFA04A8974ECFCCA83B0" box="[729,825,410,436]" name="Namibia" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(then still South West Africa),
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA66FFA04CDB74ECFAA983B0" author="Obermeijer, A. A." box="[1163,1370,410,436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="151 - 162" refId="ref7259" refString="Obermeijer, A. A. (1936) The South African species of Petalidium. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18: 151 - 162." type="journal article" year="1936">Obermeijer (1936)</bibRefCitation>
upheld
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA048D874C9FED383DC" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Engler" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[136,288,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA048D874C9FED383DC" box="[136,288,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. glutinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a separate species. However, she did not provide a new description but instead referenced additional herbarium specimens and referred to
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA66FFA04A7C7494FD2F83F8" author="Engler, A." box="[556,732,482,508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="242 - 285" refId="ref6616" refString="Engler, A. (1888) Plantae Marlothianae II: Dikotyledoneae sympetalae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 10: 242 - 285. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 684 # page / 253 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1888">Engler’s (1888)</bibRefCitation>
account, which described the flowers as “dusky orange”. In the subsequent comprehensive revision of
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04A6C7770FD448024" authorityName="Nees von Esenbeck" authorityYear="1832" box="[572,695,518,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04A6C7770FD448024" box="[572,695,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Petalidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="82EBBCF4CA66FFA04A8B7770FCCD8024" box="[731,830,518,544]" name="Namibia" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Namibia</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA66FFA04B1A7771FC178024" author="Meyer, P. G." box="[842,996,518,545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref7100" refString="Meyer, P. G. (1968) Acanthaceae. Prodromus einer Flora von Sudwestafrika 130: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1968">Meyer (1968)</bibRefCitation>
regarded
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04C057771FB1F8024" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Engler" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1109,1260,518,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04C057771FB1F8024" box="[1109,1260,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. glutinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA048D8775DFEFB8040" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" box="[136,264,554,580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="variabile">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA048D8775DFEFB8040" box="[136,264,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. variabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a perspective that has since been adopted by all researchers studying the group. Here, however, we follow
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA66FFA048D87738FEAA806C" author="Obermeijer, A. A." box="[136,345,590,616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="151 - 162" refId="ref7259" refString="Obermeijer, A. A. (1936) The South African species of Petalidium. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18: 151 - 162." type="journal article" year="1936">Obermeijer (1936)</bibRefCitation>
in recognizing
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04A587739FD53806C" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Engler" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[520,672,590,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04A587739FD53806C" box="[520,672,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. glutinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species distinct from
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04B987739FBBB806C" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" box="[968,1096,590,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="variabile">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04B987739FBBB806C" box="[968,1096,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. variabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="B77EC9DFCA66FFA04C077738FB59806C" box="[1111,1194,590,616]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[136,224,159,183]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Prominent morphological differences among Petalidium etendekaense, P. glutinosum, and P. variabile." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AE83ACECCA6CFFAA48D875E9FAB982B3" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="AE83ACECCA6CFFAA48D875E9FAB982B3">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA43FC64CA66FFA048ED7705FCF786F5" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
In 1955, Hermann Merxmüller and Richard Hainz described the new species
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04C647705FAD68088" box="[1076,1317,626,652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosibracteolatum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04C647705FAD68088" box="[1076,1317,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. pilosibracteolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04D077704FEEE80B4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosibracteolatum">
“
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04D347704FEEE80B4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">pilosibracteolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”) in
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA66FFA0490977E0FD1480B5" author="Suessenguth, K. &amp; Merxmuller, H." box="[345,743,662,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref7335" refString="Suessenguth, K. &amp; Merxmuller, H. (1955) Taxa praecipue Africana. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Munchen 2: 67 - 83. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 15187834 # page / 93 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1955">Suessenguth &amp; Merxmüller (1955)</bibRefCitation>
. They speculated that this species could potentially be a stable hybrid between
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA0496E77CDFE3380D0" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" box="[318,448,698,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="variabile">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA0496E77CDFE3380D0" box="[318,448,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. variabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA049A877CDFC0880D0" authority="C. B. Clarke ex Schinz (1916: 434)" authorityName="Schinz" authorityPageNumber="434" authorityYear="1916" box="[504,1019,698,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA049A877CDFD9C80D0" box="[504,623,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. setosum</emphasis>
C.B.Clarke ex
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA66FFA04B4F77CCFC0880D0" author="Schinz, H." box="[799,1019,698,724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="431 - 464" refId="ref7286" refString="Schinz, H. (1916) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der afrikanishen Flora. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich 61: 431 - 464. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 101474 # page / 465 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1916">Schinz (1916: 434)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, according to the authors of
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA048D877A9FE8980FC" box="[136,378,734,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosibracteolatum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA048D877A9FE8980FC" box="[136,378,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. pilosibracteolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the statement “very common everywhere” (“sehr verbreitet, überall”) made by the collectors of the original material makes such a possibility rather unlikely in our opinion. After extensive fieldwork and conducting a thorough morphological analysis of the original material, we have concluded that
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04CEC7651FA5F8144" box="[1212,1452,806,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosibracteolatum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04CEC7651FA5F8144" box="[1212,1452,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. pilosibracteolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04938763DFDF18160" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Engler" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[360,514,842,868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04938763DFDF18160" box="[360,514,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. glutinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The presence of long, whitish, simple trichomes on the bracteoles and the green colour of the bracteoles are particularly significant diagnostic features (instead of grey-white bracteoles in
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04D757619FA57818C" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" box="[1317,1444,878,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="variabile">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04D757619FA57818C" box="[1317,1444,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. variabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which turn brown or greenish brown in herbarium material). While examining the leaves of the
<typeStatus id="254742C6CA66FFA04C9D76E5FB0E81A9" box="[1229,1277,915,941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
gathering of
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04DC776E5FEAF81D4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosibracteolatum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04DC776E5FEAF81D4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. pilosibracteolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA0493B76C1FDBF81D4" box="[363,588,950,977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
E. &amp; H. Walter
<quantity id="3D045181CA66FFA04A4476C0FDBF81D4" box="[532,588,950,976]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2029399999999995" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" unit="in" value="1261.0">1261</quantity>
</emphasis>
in Herb. WIND), it was noted that they are densely strigulose. Such trichomes appear to be absent in the available images of
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04AF276ACFCCC81F0" box="[674,831,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Marloth 1435</emphasis>
. However, the bracteoles of
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04CDC76ACFADA81F0" box="[1164,1321,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Marloth 1435</emphasis>
exhibit the distinctive long simple trichomes, similar to those in
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04A9E7689FC5D861C" box="[718,942,1022,1049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">E. &amp; H. Walter 1261</emphasis>
. The apparent absence of strigulose trichomes in Marloth’s collection might be attributed to relatively young shoots or leaves transitioning to a glabrescent state, a variability commonly observed in living plants. Additionally, it is important to mention that the
<typeStatus id="254742C6CA66FFA04C887131FAFB8665" box="[1240,1288,1095,1121]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
collections of both
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04893711DFE478680" box="[195,436,1130,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosibracteolatum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04893711DFE478680" box="[195,436,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. pilosibracteolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA049BE711DFD748680" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Engler" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[494,647,1130,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA049BE711DFD748680" box="[494,647,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. glutinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are from the vicinity of Usakos, a botanically well-known area. From this region, only a single entity is known, possessing the specific combination of morphological characters observed in these two collections. Based on priority, the correct name for this entity is
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04BBD71C5FB7686C8" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Engler" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1005,1157,1202,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04BBD71C5FB7686C8" box="[1005,1157,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. glutinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, we here place
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA048D871A1FE8B86F4" box="[136,376,1238,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosibracteolatum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA048D871A1FE8B86F4" box="[136,376,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. pilosibracteolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA04A3571A1FD0E86F4" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Engler" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[613,765,1238,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04A3571A1FD0E86F4" box="[613,765,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">P. glutinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2E6AFEFCA66FFA048D87057FD988733" box="[136,619,1313,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FA43FC64CA66FFA048D87057FD988733" blockId="2.[136,1452,1313,1552]" box="[136,619,1313,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DAECDB4ACA66FFA048D87057FD988733" box="[136,619,1313,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitation id="7B5DDA75CA66FFA048D87057FD958733" author="Clarke, C. B." box="[136,614,1313,1336]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" year="1899">
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA048D87057FD958733" ID-CoL="7WKVL" authority="(Engl.) Clarke (1899: 92)" authorityName="Clarke" authorityPageNumber="92" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Engler" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[136,614,1313,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA048D87057FE998733" bold="true" box="[136,362,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Petalidium glutinosum</emphasis>
(Engl.)
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA66FFA049E97054FD958733" author="Clarke, C. B." box="[441,614,1314,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref6242" refString="Clarke, C. B. (1899) Petalidium. In: Thiselton-Dyer, W. T. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa 5 (1). L. Reeve &amp; Co., London, pp. 87 - 93. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 128 # page / 98 / mode / 1 up]" type="book chapter" year="1899">Clarke (1899: 92)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2E6AFEFCA66FFA048D87030FABD877B" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FA43FC64CA66FFA048D87030FABD877B" blockId="2.[136,1452,1313,1552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA048D87030FF31875F" bold="true" box="[136,194,1350,1371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Type:</emphasis>
—[
<materialsCitation id="4A94F639CA66FFA048B27030FDD2877B" collectingDate="1886-05" collectionCode="NBG" country="Namibia" county="Marloth" elevation="900" location="Namaland" municipality="Usakos" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="K000394073" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="82EBBCF4CA66FFA048B27030FEA1875F" box="[226,338,1350,1371]" name="Namibia" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">NAMIBIA</collectingCountry>
.]
<location id="FF23AABFCA66FFA049357030FE3B8758" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72554D72CA65FFA048D870D2FBE5840B:FF23AABFCA66FFA049357030FE3B8758" box="[357,456,1350,1372]" country="Namibia" county="Marloth" municipality="Usakos" name="Namaland" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Namaland</location>
[Damaraland], [in lapidosus],
<collectingMunicipality id="1A27661ECA66FFA04B567030FCBC8758" box="[774,847,1350,1372]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Usakos</collectingMunicipality>
, alt.
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<elevation id="71D11B57CA66FFA04BD97030FC38875F" box="[905,971,1350,1371]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
[850 m],
<date id="8E42DAA4CA66FFA04C6B7030FB568758" box="[1083,1189,1350,1372]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" value="1886-05">
<collectingDate id="9E06234CCA66FFA04C6B7030FB568758" box="[1083,1189,1350,1372]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" value="1886-05">May 1886</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04CE57030FAB3875F" box="[1205,1344,1350,1371]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<collectingCounty id="132284E8CA66FFA04CE57030FAF7875F" box="[1205,1284,1350,1371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Marloth</collectingCounty>
1435
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="254742C6CA66FFA04D027030FA5F8758" box="[1362,1452,1350,1372]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="AA5A541FCA66FFA048ED701CFEC9877B" box="[189,314,1386,1407]" collectionCode="K" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="Herbarium">K000394073</specimenCode>
scan!
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04929701CFDE9877B" bold="true" box="[377,538,1386,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">designated here</emphasis>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4A94F639CA66FFA04A76701CFC9F8784" box="[550,876,1386,1408]" collectingDate="1886-05" collectionCode="NBG" country="Namibia" county="Marloth" elevation="900" location="Namaland" municipality="Usakos" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="BOL138559" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isolectotypes">
<typeStatus id="254742C6CA66FFA04A76701CFD508784" box="[550,675,1386,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="AA5A541FCA66FFA04AFA701CFCD28784" box="[682,801,1386,1408]" collectionCode="BOL" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="Herbarium">BOL138559</specimenCode>
photo!,
</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="4A94F639CA66FFA04C49701CFAB9877B" box="[1049,1354,1386,1408]" collectingDate="1886-05" collectionCode="NBG" country="Namibia" county="Marloth" elevation="900" location="Namaland" municipality="Usakos" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="SAM0039812" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<specimenCode id="AA5A541FCA66FFA04C49701CFB57877B" box="[1049,1188,1386,1407]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">SAM0039812</specimenCode>
-0 in NBG scan!)
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.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B2E6AFEFCA66FFA048D870E7FBE5840B" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DAECDB4ACA66FFA048D870E7FD1C87A0" box="[136,751,1422,1444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA048D870E7FF6587A7" box="[136,150,1425,1443]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">≡</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="7B5DDA75CA66FFA048CC70F8FDA387A0" author="Engler, A." box="[156,592,1422,1444]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" year="1888">
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA048CC70F8FDA387A0" ID-CoL="4NPNS" authority="Engler (1888: 259)" authorityName=", Engler" authorityPageNumber="259" authorityYear="1888" box="[156,592,1422,1444]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseudobarleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosa">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA048CC70F8FE6387A7" box="[156,400,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Pseudobarleria glutinosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA66FFA049C670F8FDA387A0" author="Engler, A." box="[406,592,1422,1444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="242 - 285" refId="ref6616" refString="Engler, A. (1888) Plantae Marlothianae II: Dikotyledoneae sympetalae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 10: 242 - 285. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 684 # page / 253 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1888">Engler (1888: 259)</bibRefCitation>
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.
<typeStatus id="254742C6CA66FFA04A0870F8FD7887A7" box="[600,651,1422,1443]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
: as above.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA43FC64CA66FFA048D870C4FBE5840B" blockId="2.[136,1452,1313,1552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
=
<taxonomicName id="3DFC87E7CA66FFA048CD70C4FE3187C3" ID-CoL="4FCDL" box="[157,450,1458,1479]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Petalidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosibracteolatum">
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA048CD70C4FE3187C3" box="[157,450,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Petalidium pilosibracteolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as “
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA049A770C4FD4787C3" box="[503,692,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">pilosi-bracteolatum</emphasis>
”)
<collectorName id="570999B2CA66FFA04A9E70C4FCEF87C3" box="[718,796,1458,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Merxm.</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="570999B2CA66FFA04B6B70C4FC8787CC" box="[827,884,1458,1480]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Hainz</collectorName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="9E6D8195CA66FFA04BC570C4FAFC87CC" author="Suessenguth, K. &amp; Merxmuller, H." box="[917,1295,1458,1480]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref7335" refString="Suessenguth, K. &amp; Merxmuller, H. (1955) Taxa praecipue Africana. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Munchen 2: 67 - 83. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 15187834 # page / 93 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1955">Suessenguth &amp; Merxmüller (1955: 69)</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA04D4B70C4FA8387C3" box="[1307,1392,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">syn. nov.</emphasis>
Type: Südwest-Afrika [
<collectingCountry id="82EBBCF4CA66FFA0493670A0FE3387E8" box="[358,448,1494,1516]" name="Namibia" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Namibia</collectingCountry>
], Damaraland, farm Nudis [Dr.
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.
<location id="FF23AABFCA66FFA04B7870A0FC9D87E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72554D72CA65FFA048D870D2FBE5840B:FF23AABFCA66FFA04B7870A0FC9D87E8" box="[808,878,1494,1516]" country="Namibia" municipality="Gamikaubibrivier" name="Seydel" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Seydel</location>
], [im
<collectingMunicipality id="1A27661ECA66FFA04BFF70A0FBAC87E8" box="[943,1119,1494,1516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Gamikaubibrivier</collectingMunicipality>
], Distr. Karibib, “sehr verbreitet, überall”, [13-02]-1953,
<emphasis id="C8882076CA66FFA049F3708CFDAF840B" box="[419,604,1530,1551]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<collectionCode id="9CED64A1CA66FFA049F3708CFE47840B" box="[419,436,1530,1551]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="9CED64A1CA66FFA04983708CFE11840B" box="[467,482,1530,1551]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
Walter 1261
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="254742C6CA66FFA04A39708CFD4C8414" box="[617,703,1530,1552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="AA5A541FCA66FFA04A94708CFCDE8414" box="[708,813,1530,1552]" collectionCode="M" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="Herbarium">M0109674</specimenCode>
scan!;
<typeStatus id="254742C6CA66FFA04B23708CFC4B8414" box="[883,952,1530,1552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="9CED64A1CA66FFA04BEE708CFBFB840B" box="[958,1032,1530,1551]" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13705" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13705" name="National Botanical Research Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="Herbarium">WIND</collectionCode>
!).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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