572 lines
64 KiB
XML
572 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="D1F105E83B04B947F1424B116AC80C9F" ID-CLB-Dataset="46225" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.202819" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172f8751-669a-4ec6-9832-f824818c3887" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="202819" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460397122923" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Clark, Roger N. & Jewett, Stephen C." docDate="2011" docId="724AC7727324377186DBF8AF8861F90B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03051p013.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3051" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Solaster spectabilis Clark & Jewett, 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="8E73BF0A73203776864CFFA98B62FF93" masterDocTitle="Three new sea stars (Asteroidea: Solasteridae & Pterasteridae) from the Aleutian Islands" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698298806485" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="CDBCA93C283DD4D41CEBBEA76E7BC1A5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B4124231C9ADAFB79662A13C19C4593B">
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<mods:title id="FAFFC50A34C6E22DC097C4BA5E8354CC">Three new sea stars (Asteroidea: Solasteridae & Pterasteridae) from the Aleutian Islands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E096898A081446B399F752BF164445BB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="84D845CF95C11F9E2957427F466BC6A1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3F4F818D76EE52536E53D3F1EEF61C62">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5734E879FB5018324FA1D21C64037F74">Clark, Roger N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="86382AF92BC2A7B3170BEADA694313CD" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D7512C6681A68237880F3E6325F3243B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="841B1678084C458A835D65698F304C30">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6CB189A658C51A2976AF90AC1592D939">Jewett, Stephen C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A7118A9CC3CB19AC8DAE11343A78D3B0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5BD0742F2B43646B0D125DB8D1D3C2EE">
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<mods:title id="A39DE2BC56D7FD043DF4238806CD3810">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="22D339BB3DBFFADFA5F0521D2D75C2AD">
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<mods:date id="FEA65936129143A4D9E1A65D332A501B">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="784FCB5C0975E91046BABF84D7C18B9A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0921A42D4C3EA4363741C28B015DC89A">3051</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="EC0387D46EED35087DB5D8D21F2F3143" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="449C49D9BD77BDB55D4F8F7558BDE904">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="05D6CFE42F16C3C314D59901AE674925">13</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="9282E2C6666E1B0E98C2377E3F415BA7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D44F60EAE94CA106A0B3A0F79F8B3EE7" type="CLB-Dataset">46225</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2E54D576A5D458CC292104FF8A482AD5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.202819</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="41DBCFBDEE582B1DEF8F75DC3FC366B6" type="GBIF-Dataset">172f8751-669a-4ec6-9832-f824818c3887</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F53E76BF5034471E3CB8DC4892159CB3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8DECBCD80D63E377856C48FFF7E79EC5" type="Zenodo-Dep">202819</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="724AC7727324377186DBF8AF8861F90B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5611031" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119418367" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5611031" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724AC7727324377186DBF8AF8861F90B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/724AC7727324377186DBF8AF8861F90B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="B2F925EF7324377286DBF8AF8A48F8D3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FA5C76647324377286DBF8AF8A83F8B3" blockId="4.[151,481,1798,1856]" box="[151,481,1798,1824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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||
<heading id="A114C1087324377286DBF8AF8A83F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,481,1798,1824]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="C897AA767324377286DBF8AF8A83F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,481,1798,1824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77324377286DBF8AF8A1FF8B3" ID-CoL="4Y567" box="[151,381,1798,1824]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="C897AA767324377286DBF8AF8A1FF8B3" bold="true" box="[151,381,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solaster spectabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D7324377287C8F8AF8A83F8B3" box="[388,481,1798,1824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA5C76647324377286DBF8818A48F8D3" blockId="4.[151,481,1798,1856]" box="[151,298,1832,1856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 7–12</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B2F925EF7324377286DBF8D88F90F814" box="[151,1266,1905,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="FA5C76647324377286DBF8D88F90F814" blockId="4.[151,1266,1905,1927]" box="[151,1266,1905,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DAF3514A7324377286DBF8D88F90F814" box="[151,1266,1905,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77324377286DBF8D88A27F814" ID-CoL="4Y558" box="[151,325,1905,1927]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
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<emphasis id="C897AA767324377286DBF8D88A27F814" box="[151,325,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solaster dawsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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non Verrill,
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<treatmentCitation id="7B425075732437728789F8D88917F815" author="Fisher" box="[453,629,1905,1927]" page="313" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="9E720B95732437728789F8D88927F815" author="Fisher" box="[453,581,1905,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters. Part 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Washington, D. C. Smithsonian Institution, U. S. National Museum. Bulletin 76." type="book chapter" year="1911">Fisher, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 313
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<emphasis id="C897AA767324377284CFF8DB89D2F814" box="[643,688,1906,1927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pars</emphasis>
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); D’yakonov, 1950: 59 (pars);
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<treatmentCitation id="7B4250757324377285A7F8D88FCAF815" author="Kessler" box="[1003,1192,1905,1927]" page="197" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="9E720B957324377285A7F8D88F1AF814" author="Kessler" box="[1003,1144,1905,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Kessler, D. W. (1985) Alaska's Saltwater Fishes and Other Sea Life; A Field Guide. Alaska Northwest Publishing Company, Anchorage, Alaska. 358 pp." type="book" year="1985">Kessler, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 197
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<emphasis id="C897AA767324377282FBF8DB8F86F814" box="[1207,1252,1906,1927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pars</emphasis>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B2F925EF7324377386DBF81D8E24FB0A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FA5C76647324377286DBF81D8AB3F87C" blockId="4.[151,1289,1971,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="C897AA767324377286DBF81D8A57F85F" bold="true" box="[151,309,1971,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<typeStatus id="2558C8C67324377286DBF81D8BB0F85F" box="[151,210,1972,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Alaska, Aleutian Islands, SW of Tanaga Island (51°
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<geoCoordinate id="9FD710A3732437728536F81A88BEF858" box="[890,988,1971,1995]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="555" value="44.5">44.50 N</geoCoordinate>
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, 178°
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<geoCoordinate id="9FD710A3732437728255F81A8FE2F858" box="[1049,1152,1971,1995]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="555" value="-7.68">07.68 W</geoCoordinate>
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), 95 meters.
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<emphasis id="C897AA76732437728689F8718A13F863" bold="true" box="[197,369,2007,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<typeStatus id="2558C8C6732437728689F8718B9CF863" box="[197,254,2008,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<tableCitation id="B76143DF732437728735F87E8AA8F87C" box="[377,458,2007,2031]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1383,273,1075]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Type material: Solaster spectabilis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AE9C26EC7325377386DBFF3189A2FF3E" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="AE9C26EC7325377386DBFF3189A2FF3E">Table 2</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="AE9C26EC7325377386DBFF3189A2FF3E" ID-Table-UUID="AE9C26EC7325377386DBFF3189A2FF3E" box="[151,704,152,174]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AE9C26EC7325377386DBFF3189A2FF3E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[151,1383,273,1075]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="FA5C76647325377386DBFF3189A2FF3E" blockId="5.[151,1369,152,254]" box="[151,704,152,174]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="C897AA767325377386DBFF318A66FF3E" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
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Type material:
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<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77325377387EFFF31890AFF3D" box="[419,616,152,174]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="C897AA767325377387EFFF31890AFF3D" box="[419,616,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solaster spectabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D732537738423FF3189A2FF3E" box="[623,704,152,173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="FA5C76647325377386D3FF638E24FB0A" blockId="5.[151,1369,152,254]" lastBlockId="5.[159,1383,1094,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<typeStatus id="2558C8C67325377386D3FF638BB3FF4C" box="[159,209,202,223]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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Deposition & No. of Collection Site Collection Collection Date Collector & Specimens Depth, m Method
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<typeStatus id="2558C8C67325377386D3FBEE8A60FBCF" box="[159,258,1095,1116]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
<collectionCode id="9CF2EEA1732537738706FBEE8AF1FBCF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[330,403,1095,1116]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">LACM</collectionCode>
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2010- Petrel Bank
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<quantity id="3D1BDB8173253773853AFBEE88CBFBCF" box="[886,937,1095,1116]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="93.0">93 m</quantity>
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<date id="8E5D50A473253773825FFBEE8F3FFBCF" box="[1043,1117,1094,1116]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1919-07">19 July</date>
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, 2010 N. Roberson, 0 38.001 52°
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<geoCoordinate id="9FD710A373253773841EFBCC89C5FBE8" box="[594,679,1125,1147]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="13.09">13.09 N</geoCoordinate>
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, 179°
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<geoCoordinate id="9FD710A3732537738492FBCC8851FBE8" box="[734,819,1125,1147]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="58.12">58.12 E</geoCoordinate>
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; trawled, R/
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<date id="8E5D50A473253773831DFBCF8A35FB0A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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V
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<specimenCount id="ECE5BDED732537738706FB2D8A35FB0A" box="[330,343,1156,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">2</specimenCount>
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</date>
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specimens, Eth.
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<collectionCode id="9CF2EEA173253773847CFB2D8917FB0A" box="[560,629,1156,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">NMFS</collectionCode>
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143-
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<date id="8E5D50A47325377384EBFB2A8995FB0A" box="[679,759,1155,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="01-10-20">201001</date>
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-146
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<emphasis id="C897AA767325377382ACFB2D8E24FB0A" box="[1248,1350,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sea Storm</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<paragraph id="FA5C76647325377386D3FEB88E78FB87" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<table id="88E384C47325C88986DBFEB88E05FBA0" box="[151,1383,273,1075]" gridcols="5" gridrows="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<tr id="44D374267325C88986DBFEB88E05FEF6" box="[151,1383,273,357]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<th id="07021D5A7325C88986DBFEB88B9FFEF6" box="[151,253,273,357]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holotype</th>
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||
<th id="07021D5A7325C8898706FEB88A90FEF6" box="[330,498,273,357]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">LACM 1997- 154.014, dry</th>
|
||
<th id="07021D5A7325C889847CFEB888D4FEF6" box="[560,950,273,357]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SW of Tanaga Island 51°44.50 95 m N, 178°07.68 W; NMFS 23-199701-137</th>
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||
<th id="07021D5A7325C889825EFEB88FF8FEF6" box="[1042,1178,273,357]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15 July, 1997</th>
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||
<th id="07021D5A7325C88982ACFEB88E05FEF6" box="[1248,1383,273,357]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
R. N. Clark, trawled, R/V
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||
<emphasis id="C897AA767325377382ACFEF98E2DFEF6" box="[1248,1359,336,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dominator</emphasis>
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||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
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||
<tr id="44D374267325C88986DBFED18E05FE58" box="[151,1383,376,459]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="07021D5A7325C88986DBFED18B9FFE58" box="[151,253,376,459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype</th>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C8898706FED18A90FE58" box="[330,498,376,459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USNM 1153698 1 specimen, dry</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889847CFED188D4FE58" box="[560,950,376,459]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">W of Tanaga Island 103 m 51°46.69 N, 178°10.66 W; NMFS 23-199701-140</td>
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||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889825EFED18FF8FE58" box="[1042,1178,376,459]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17 July, 1997</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C88982ACFED18E05FE58" box="[1248,1383,376,459]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
R. N. Clark, trawled, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767325377382ACFE1F8E2DFE58" box="[1248,1359,438,459]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dominator</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="44D374267325C88986DBFE778E05FDA1" box="[151,1383,478,562]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="07021D5A7325C88986DBFE778B9FFDA1" box="[151,253,478,562]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype</th>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C8898706FE778A90FDA1" box="[330,498,478,562]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">LACM 1997- 220.001 1 specimen, dry</td>
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||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889847CFE7788D4FDA1" box="[560,950,478,562]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">W of Tanaga Island 103 m 51°46.69 N, 178°10.66 W; NMFS 23-199701-140</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889825EFE778FF8FDA1" box="[1042,1178,478,562]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17 July, 1997</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C88982ACFE778E05FDA1" box="[1248,1383,478,562]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
R. N. Clark, trawled, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767325377382ACFDB48E2DFDA1" box="[1248,1359,541,562]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dominator</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="44D374267325C88986DBFDEC8E05FD0B" box="[151,1383,581,664]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="07021D5A7325C88986DBFDEC8B9FFD0B" box="[151,253,581,664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype</th>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C8898706FDEC8A90FD0B" box="[330,498,581,664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">CASIZ 184724 1 specimen</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889847CFDEC88D4FD0B" box="[560,950,581,664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">W of Kiska Island 130 m 52°05.6 N, 177°42.6 E; NMFS 23-199701-197</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889825EFDEC8FF8FD0B" box="[1042,1178,581,664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">31 July, 1997</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C88982ACFDEC8E05FD0B" box="[1248,1383,581,664]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
R. N. Clark, trawled, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767325377382ACFD2A8E2DFD0B" box="[1248,1359,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dominator</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="44D374267325C88986DBFD028E05FD6C" box="[151,1383,683,767]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="07021D5A7325C88986DBFD028B9FFD6C" box="[151,253,683,767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype</th>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C8898706FD028A90FD6C" box="[330,498,683,767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">LACM 1997- 217.002 1 specimen, dry</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889847CFD0288D4FD6C" box="[560,950,683,767]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">W of Tanaga Island 108 m 51°46.55 N, 178°10.81 W; NMFS 23-199701-133</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889825EFD028FF8FD6C" box="[1042,1178,683,767]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14 July, 1997</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C88982ACFD028E05FD6C" box="[1248,1383,683,767]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
R. N. Clark, trawled, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767325377382ACFD438E2DFD6C" box="[1248,1359,746,767]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dominator</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="44D374267325C88986DBFCBB8E05FCF5" box="[151,1383,786,870]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="07021D5A7325C88986DBFCBB8B9FFCF5" box="[151,253,786,870]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype</th>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C8898706FCBB8A90FCF5" box="[330,498,786,870]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">LACM 1994- 173.001 1 specimen, dry</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889847CFCBB88D4FCF5" box="[560,950,786,870]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N of Atka Island 212 m 52°08.55 N, 175°16.99 W; NMFS 94-1994-156</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889825EFCBB8FF8FCF5" box="[1042,1178,786,870]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12 July, 1994</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C88982ACFCBB8E05FCF5" box="[1248,1383,786,870]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
R. N. Clark, trawled, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767325377382ACFCF88E36FCF5" box="[1248,1364,848,870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Veste raale n</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="44D374267325C88986DBFCD08E05FC5F" box="[151,1383,889,972]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="07021D5A7325C88986DBFCD08B9FFC5F" box="[151,253,889,972]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype</th>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C8898706FCD08A90FC5F" box="[330,498,889,972]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">UAF 8137 1 specimen, dry</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889847CFCD088D4FC5F" box="[560,950,889,972]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Kirilof Bay, Amchitka Is 7 m 51°25.85 N, 179°13.40 E; AKALE07- 0 0 16</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889825EFCD08FF8FC5F" box="[1042,1178,889,972]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2 July, 2007</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C88982ACFCD08E05FC5F" box="[1248,1383,889,972]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">R. Brewer, scuba</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="44D374267325C88986DBFC498E05FBA0" box="[151,1383,992,1075]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="07021D5A7325C88986DBFC498B9FFBA0" box="[151,253,992,1075]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype</th>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C8898706FC498A90FBA0" box="[330,498,992,1075]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">LACM 2007- 119.001 1 specimen, dry</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889847CFC4988D4FBA0" box="[560,950,992,1075]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. side of Tanaga Island 13 m 51°50.69 N, 177°51.21 W; AKALE07-0050</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C889825EFC498FF8FBA0" box="[1042,1178,992,1075]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6 July, 2007</td>
|
||
<td id="07021D5A7325C88982ACFC498E05FBA0" box="[1248,1383,992,1075]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">R. Brewer, scuba</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2F925EF73253773868BFB708F1AF8C5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C766473253773868BFB708E6CFA12" blockId="5.[151,1437,1241,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673253773868BFB708A3BFB61" bold="true" box="[199,345,1241,1266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Large ten-rayed form (rarely 11),
|
||
<typeStatus id="2558C8C6732537738496FB708827FB62" box="[730,837,1241,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, R =
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB817325377385CDFB708883FB62" box="[897,993,1241,1265]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="135.0">135 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB81732537738258FB708F04FB62" box="[1044,1126,1241,1265]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
|
||
; R:r = 3.1. Disc broad, rays relatively long, tapering to slender tips. Dorsal side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62D86AE17325377384A5FB54884EFA86" box="[745,812,1277,1301]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1821,1844]" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 11. Solaster spectabilis sp. nov. Holotype (LACM 1997 - 154.014). Fig. 8, Whole animal, aboral view; bar = 7.0 cm. Fig. 9, Close-up, aboral surface; bar = 2.0 mm. Fig. 10, Adambulacral area; bar = 4.0 mm. Fig. 11, Close-up, oral region; bar = 1.0 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) moderately inflated, rather thin. Papular pores numerous, in groups of two or three; papulae relatively large. Abactinal plates small, Y or cruciform, closely imbricating. Pseudopaxillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62D86AE173253773871CFAEC8AF6FACE" box="[336,404,1349,1373]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1821,1844]" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 11. Solaster spectabilis sp. nov. Holotype (LACM 1997 - 154.014). Fig. 8, Whole animal, aboral view; bar = 7.0 cm. Fig. 9, Close-up, aboral surface; bar = 2.0 mm. Fig. 10, Adambulacral area; bar = 4.0 mm. Fig. 11, Close-up, oral region; bar = 1.0 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) small, spaced and bearing 12–25 short spinelets. Madreporite relatively large, with irregular convolutions, surrounded by ten pseudopaxillae (some of which are with in the madreporite itself).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C7664732537738689FA2489F5F979" blockId="5.[151,1437,1241,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Superomarginals about twice as large as pseudopaxillae and bearing 30–45 spinelets. Inferomarginals fan-like, about four times as large as superomarginals, and located directly adjacent to them; about four times as wide as long, with 65–80 membrane-sheathed spinelets, grading distally. Oral interradial areas small, with about 50–55 oral intermediate plates; synactinal series extending just past interradial angle. Adambulacral plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62D86AE1732537738283FA508E42F982" box="[1231,1312,1529,1553]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1821,1844]" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 11. Solaster spectabilis sp. nov. Holotype (LACM 1997 - 154.014). Fig. 8, Whole animal, aboral view; bar = 7.0 cm. Fig. 9, Close-up, aboral surface; bar = 2.0 mm. Fig. 10, Adambulacral area; bar = 4.0 mm. Fig. 11, Close-up, oral region; bar = 1.0 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) with bristling straight actinal series of six to eight moderately long, rather stout, blunt (sometimes spatulate), membranesheathed spines (distal one usually much smaller than the others), the proximal one of which is displaced distally, to between the distal and central furrow spines; furrow series of three long, stout, blunt spines webbed about half way; adoral spine often shorter than the other two. Paired oral plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62D86AE17325377385FEF9208F61F932" box="[946,1027,1673,1697]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1821,1844]" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 11. Solaster spectabilis sp. nov. Holotype (LACM 1997 - 154.014). Fig. 8, Whole animal, aboral view; bar = 7.0 cm. Fig. 9, Close-up, aboral surface; bar = 2.0 mm. Fig. 10, Adambulacral area; bar = 4.0 mm. Fig. 11, Close-up, oral region; bar = 1.0 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 11–12 thick, blunt, often flattened, membrane-sheathed marginal spines, webbed half way or more, the first three much longer than the others; 12–17 suboral spines, in two rows or a group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C7664732537738689F95C8F1AF8C5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1241,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Living color variable, the “typical” color phase has a yellow or orange disc and purple rays (
|
||
<figureCitation id="62D86AE17325377382BCF95C8E24F89E" box="[1264,1350,1781,1805]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[178,1414,193,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[178,1414,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 12. Solaster spectabilis sp. nov. live, in. situ. Kuluk Bay, Adak Island, 12 m. image: R. N. Clark, 22 June, 2007; R = approximately 15.0 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202821/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other specimens may be solid orange, white or purple, others are cream or tan with pink stripe on the lower half of the rays or purple with red stripes radiating from the center of the disc to the tips of the rays.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2F925EF732537738689F8C88A89F852" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C7664732537738689F8C88A89F852" blockId="5.[151,1437,1241,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732537738689F8C88ABFF8E9" bold="true" box="[197,477,1889,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution & habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77325377387AAF8C889A1F8EA" box="[486,707,1889,1913]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767325377387AAF8C889A1F8EA" box="[486,707,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solaster spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732537738480F8CB884AF8E9" bold="true" box="[716,808,1890,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D732537738480F8CB884AF8E9" box="[716,808,1890,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
appears to be restricted to the central Aleutian Islands (Fig. 7), from Chuginadak Island (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9FD710A3732537738459F82C89EEF80E" box="[533,652,1925,1949]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="-169.5">169°30’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) to near Kiska Island (176°E), from
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB81732537738268F82C8FE4F80E" box="[1060,1158,1925,1949]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.095" metricValueMax="2.12" metricValueMin="0.06999999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="109.5" valueMax="212.0" valueMin="7.0">7–212 m</quantity>
|
||
on boulder, cobble sand, gravel and shell hash bottoms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="AE9C26EC7326377086DBF8B48A7CF8E3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C76647326377086DBF8B48A7CF8E3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1821,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767326377086DBF8B48A24F8A1" bold="true" box="[151,326,1821,1844]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 8–11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732637708701F8B48971F8A0" box="[333,531,1821,1843]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732637708701F8B48971F8A0" box="[333,531,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solaster spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732637708456F8B78909F8A0" bold="true" box="[538,619,1822,1843]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D732637708456F8B78909F8A0" box="[538,619,1822,1843]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype (LACM 1997-154.014). Fig. 8, Whole animal, aboral view; bar = 7.0 cm. Fig. 9, Close-up, aboral surface; bar = 2.0 mm. Fig. 10, Adambulacral area; bar = 4.0 mm. Fig. 11, Close-up, oral region; bar = 1.0 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="AE9C26EC7326377086DBF8D08AEAF83D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202821/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[178,1414,193,1779]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C76647326377086DBF8D08AEAF83D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1821,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767326377086DBF8D08A7DF81D" bold="true" box="[151,287,1913,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732637708769F8D08A89F81C" box="[293,491,1913,1935]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732637708769F8D08A89F81C" box="[293,491,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solaster spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767326377087BEF8D38920F81C" bold="true" box="[498,578,1914,1935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D7326377087BEF8D38920F81C" box="[498,578,1914,1935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
live,
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732637708430F8D389AAF81C" box="[636,712,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">in. situ.</emphasis>
|
||
Kuluk Bay, Adak Island, 12 m. image: R. N. Clark, 22 June, 2007; R = approximately 15.0 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="AE9C26EC7326377086DBF81F8A00F878" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C76647326377086DBF81F8A00F878" blockId="6.[151,1436,1821,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767326377086DBF81F8A42F85F" bold="true" box="[151,288,1974,1997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773263770876BF81E893FF85F" authority="Verrill, 1880" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1880" box="[295,605,1974,1997]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673263770876BF81E8AB4F85E" box="[295,470,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solaster dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
Verrill, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(R. N. Clark collection); (
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732637708520F81E88F3F85E" box="[876,913,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
R. N. Clark, 8 May, 1999; Captains Bay, Unalaska Island, scuba, 13 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2F925EF732737718689FF318A51FF47" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C7664732737718689FF318A51FF47" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718689FF318A29FF23" bold="true" box="[197,331,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771879DFF31892BFF23" box="[465,585,152,176]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771879DFF31892BFF23" box="[465,585,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is Latin and means notable or showy, in regards to the many spectacular color morphs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2F925EF732737718689FF498FB6FCEC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C7664732737718689FF498EF1FDAF" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718689FF498A5BFF6B" bold="true" box="[197,313,224,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718773FF49897BFF6B" box="[319,537,224,248]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718773FF49897BFF6B" box="[319,537,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718453FF49891AFF6B" bold="true" box="[543,632,224,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D732737718453FF49891AFF6B" box="[543,632,224,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
appears to be one of the Aleutian forms regarded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E720B95732737718288FF768E1CFF64" author="Fisher" box="[1220,1406,223,247]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters. Part 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Washington, D. C. Smithsonian Institution, U. S. National Museum. Bulletin 76." type="book chapter" year="1911">Fisher (1911:15)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377186DBFEAD8A35FE8F" box="[151,343,260,284]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377186DBFEAD8A35FE8F" box="[151,343,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="62D86AE173273771872AFEAD8ADBFE8F" box="[358,441,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1974,1997]" captionText="FIGURE 13. Solaster dawsoni Verrill, 1880 (R. N. Clark collection); (leg. R. N. Clark, 8 May, 1999; Captains Bay, Unalaska Island, scuba, 13 m." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). The two species are superficially similar, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718586FEAC8F3CFE8F" box="[970,1118,260,284]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718586FEAC8F3CFE8F" box="[970,1118,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718229FEAD8FDCFE8F" bold="true" box="[1125,1214,260,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D732737718229FEAD8FDCFE8F" box="[1125,1214,260,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs in 1) having ten, rarely 11 rays, compared to
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB817327377187B3FE8E8903FEAC" box="[511,609,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771842BFE818982FED3" box="[615,736,296,320]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771842BFE818982FED3" box="[615,736,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718566FE8188DFFED3" box="[810,957,296,320]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718566FE8188DFFED3" box="[810,957,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718588FE818F7FFED3" bold="true" box="[964,1053,296,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D732737718588FE818F7FFED3" box="[964,1053,296,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
aboral pseudopaxillae bear 12–18 marginal and 3–9 central spinelets, often bunched together, in
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771853BFEE4889EFEF7" box="[887,1020,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771853BFEE4889AFEF7" box="[887,1016,332,356]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">S. dawsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
they bare 10–26 marginal and 0–3 spaced central spinelets; 3) actinal series of adambulacrals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718524FED9889DFE1B" box="[872,1023,368,392]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718524FED9889DFE1B" box="[872,1023,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718245FED98F04FE1B" bold="true" box="[1033,1126,368,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D732737718245FED98F04FE1B" box="[1033,1126,368,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has six to eight spines, as opposed to three to five in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771878BFE3C8923FE3F" box="[455,577,404,428]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771878BFE3C8923FE3F" box="[455,577,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and 4) coloration,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771856DFE3C88D7FE3F" box="[801,949,404,428]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771856DFE3C88D7FE3F" box="[801,949,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377185F1FE3D8F75FE3F" bold="true" box="[957,1047,404,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D7327377185F1FE3D8F75FE3F" box="[957,1047,404,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a number of spectacular color morphs, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718717FE118AB6FE43" box="[347,468,440,464]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718717FE118AB6FE43" box="[347,468,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in only very basic, nearly uniform tones. The number of rays in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377182BAFE118BB7FE67" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377182BAFE118BB7FE67" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377186ADFE758A22FE67" bold="true" box="[225,320,476,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D7327377186ADFE758A22FE67" box="[225,320,476,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is remarkably consistent, of nearly fifty specimens observed (many observed in the field and released) all had ten rays except for two (LACM 1997-220.001 & CASIZ 184724) which have eleven. Data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377186DBFD8D8A35FDAF" box="[151,343,548,572]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377186DBFD8D8A35FDAF" box="[151,343,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
derived from Aleutian Islands specimens in the R. N. Clark collection, and from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E720B957327377182ABFD8D8EEDFDAF" author="Lambert" box="[1255,1423,548,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Lambert, P. (2000) Sea stars of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia. i - vi + 186 pp." type="book" year="2000">Lambert, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C766473273771868BFDE18B81FD5F" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
In addition to morphological differences, the geographic ranges also differ.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771827DFDE18F91FDF3" box="[1073,1267,584,608]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771827DFDE18F91FDF3" box="[1073,1267,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found from California, north and west to the east side Samalga Pass (NW end of Umnak Island) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E720B95732737718202FDC58E26FD17" author="Clark" box="[1102,1348,620,644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Clark, R. N. & Jewett, S. C. (2010) A new genus and thirteen new species of sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinasteridae) from the Aleutian Island Archipelago. Zootaxa, 2571, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2010">Clark & Jewett, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771831AFDC58A57FD3B" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771831AFDC58A57FD3B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718770FD398AF7FD3B" bold="true" box="[316,405,656,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D732737718770FD398AF7FD3B" box="[316,405,656,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is found from east side of Samalga Pass (the Islands of Four Mountains) west to near Kiska Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C766473273771868BFD7E8FB6FCEC" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The diet of these two species differs also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377184D0FD718877FD63" box="[668,789,728,752]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377184D0FD718877FD63" box="[668,789,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is well known as a sea star predator, feeding on a number of species, including other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718789FD558943FC87" box="[453,545,764,788]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718789FD558943FC87" box="[453,545,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., the massive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377184A1FD558FDCFC87" authority="Brandt, 1835" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1835" box="[749,1214,764,788]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pycnopodiidae" genus="Pycnopodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="helianthoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377184A1FD558F73FC87" box="[749,1041,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pycnopodia helianthoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Brandt, 1835)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and even members of its own species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E720B95732737718720FCB68973FCA4" author="Lambert" box="[364,529,799,823]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Lambert, P. (2000) Sea stars of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia. i - vi + 186 pp." type="book" year="2000">Lambert 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377184E4FC89885EFCAB" box="[680,828,800,824]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377184E4FC89885EFCAB" box="[680,828,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771850EFC8988F9FCAB" bold="true" box="[834,923,800,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D73273771850EFC8988F9FCAB" box="[834,923,800,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
appears to feed predominantly on sea urchins (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377186ECFCED8A10FCCF" box="[160,370,836,860]" class="Echinoidea" family="Strongylocentrotidae" genus="Strongylocentrotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377186ECFCED8A10FCCF" box="[160,370,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Strongylocentrotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.). Five specimens were observed feeding on urchins when collected (including a
|
||
<typeStatus id="2558C8C673273771837FFCEC8EFAFCCE" box="[1331,1432,837,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, USNM 1153698). One specimen was feeding on a small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718559FCC0881FFC13" box="[789,893,873,896]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718559FCC0881FFC13" box="[789,893,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pteraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D7327377185C8FCC188BCFC13" box="[900,990,872,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377185C8FCC188BCFC13" bold="true" box="[900,990,872,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(R.N. Clark, unpub.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2F925EF732737718689FC258E6BFBEF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C7664732737718689FC258E6BFBEF" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718689FC258AC2FC37" ID-CoL="4Y567" box="[197,416,908,932]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718689FC258AC2FC37" box="[197,416,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377187E4FC258960FC37" bold="true" box="[424,514,908,932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D7327377187E4FC258960FC37" box="[424,514,908,932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also superficially resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718507FC258FF5FC37" authority="Verrill, 1914" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1914" box="[843,1175,908,932]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718507FC25889FFC37" box="[843,1021,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster arctica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E720B95732737718249FC258FF5FC37" author="Verrill" box="[1029,1175,908,932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Harriman Alaska Series. Vol. 14. Monograph of the Shallow-Water Starfishes of the North Pacific Coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Washington D. C., Smithsonian Institution." type="book" year="1914">Verrill, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but may be easily distinguished by 1) spinelets of aboral pseudopaxillae longer, 0.8–1.0 mm and bearing 5–10 short, stout apical thorns, to
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB817327377186F8FC7D8A6EFC7F" box="[180,268,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377187D1FC7C8950FC7F" ID-CoL="4Y567" box="[413,562,980,1004]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377187D1FC7C8950FC7F" box="[413,562,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718476FC7D89F6FC7F" bold="true" box="[570,660,980,1004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D732737718476FC7D89F6FC7F" box="[570,660,980,1004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the pseudopaxillar spinelets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718248FC7C8F0DFC7F" box="[1028,1135,981,1004]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718248FC7C8F0DFC7F" box="[1028,1135,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB817327377182EDFC7D8E4BFC7F" box="[1185,1321,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, and bear 5–8 slender spicules to
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB8173273771844EFC5E893AFB83" box="[514,600,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length; 2) more numerous spines in actinal series of adambulacrals, 7–8 compared to
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB81732737718764FBB58A0DFBA7" box="[296,367,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718739FBB48ABCFBA7" box="[373,478,1053,1076]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718739FBB48ABCFBA7" box="[373,478,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3) the furrow series of spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771851FFBB48885FBA7" ID-CoL="4Y567" box="[851,999,1052,1076]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771851FFBB48885FBA7" box="[851,999,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377185A1FBB58F24FBA7" bold="true" box="[1005,1094,1052,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3A4170D7327377185A1FBB58F24FBA7" box="[1005,1094,1052,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has 3 spines, two of sub-equal length and a third, shorter spine, 1/2 to 3/4 as long as the other two, the furrow series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718239FBE98FBDFBCB" box="[1141,1247,1088,1112]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718239FBE98FBDFBCB" box="[1141,1247,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two more or less equal length spines, and rarely a third, much shorter spinelet (1/2 or less the length of the others).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2F925EF732737718689FB2E8861F90B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C7664732737718689FB2E88F3FAC7" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718689FB2E8A28FB33" bold="true" box="[197,330,1159,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771871DFB2189FBFB0C" authority="Verrill, 1914" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1914" box="[337,665,1159,1184]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771871DFB218961FB33" box="[337,515,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster arctica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E720B95732737718447FB2E89FBFB0C" author="Verrill" box="[523,665,1159,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Harriman Alaska Series. Vol. 14. Monograph of the Shallow-Water Starfishes of the North Pacific Coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Washington D. C., Smithsonian Institution." type="book" year="1914">Verrill, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="2558C8C67327377184EBFB2E8983FB0C" box="[679,737,1159,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
USNM 7624) was described as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771834DFB218ADFFB57" authority="Verrill. Fisher (1930)" authorityName="Verrill. Fisher" authorityYear="1930" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771834DFB218BA4FB57" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
Verrill.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E720B95732737718769FB058ADFFB57" author="Fisher" box="[293,445,1196,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1930) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters. Part 3. Forcipulata (concluded). Washington, D. C. Smithsonian Institution, U. S. National Museum. Bulletin 76." type="book chapter" year="1930">Fisher (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appeared to agree with Verrill, but suggested that it was probably an Arctic race of the latter. This assessment was followed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E720B9573273771841AFB6689B8FB74" author="Mah" box="[598,730,1231,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Mah, C. (2010). Solaster dawsoni arcticus Verrill, 1914. In Mah, C. L. (2010). World Asteroidea Database. http: // www. marinespecies. org / Asteroidea / aphia. php accessed: 2011 - 06 - 25." type="book chapter" year="2010">Mah (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377184B2FB798FCBFB74" authority="Verrill, 1914" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1914" box="[766,1193,1231,1256]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="dawsoni" subSpecies="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377184B2FB798F71FB7B" box="[766,1043,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster dawsoni arctica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E720B95732737718255FB668FCBFB74" author="Verrill" box="[1049,1193,1231,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Harriman Alaska Series. Vol. 14. Monograph of the Shallow-Water Starfishes of the North Pacific Coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Washington D. C., Smithsonian Institution." type="book" year="1914">Verrill, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but incorrectly states that it was originally described as a variety of
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377184D7FB5C887EFA9F" box="[667,796,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377184D7FB5C887AFA9F" box="[667,792,1268,1292]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">S. dawsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We herein raise this taxon to full species, based upon the original description, as well as specimens collected by the authors from SW of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2558C8C6732737718261FAB08F3FFAA2" box="[1069,1117,1305,1329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, in the Chukchi Sea, (Arctic Ocean) and in the central Aleutian Islands, at Tanaga Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C7664732737718689FAC98B81F9C3" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718689FAC98A15FAEB" box="[197,375,1376,1400]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718689FAC98A15FAEB" box="[197,375,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771845DFAC989B1FAEB" box="[529,723,1376,1400]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771845DFAC989B1FAEB" box="[529,723,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by 1) number of rays, 10, in all know specimens, where as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377183CBFAC98B97FA0F" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377183CBFAC98B97FA0F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
varies from 12–14; 2) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718459FA2C89E2FA0F" box="[533,640,1413,1436]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718459FA2C89E2FA0F" box="[533,640,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spinelets cover the dorsal surface of the pseudopaxillae, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771836EFA2C8EFEFA0F" box="[1314,1436,1412,1436]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771836EFA2C8EFEFA0F" box="[1314,1436,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most of the spinelets are restricted to the periphery of the pseudopaxillae, the central areas often are completely bare, or have only 1–3; 3) pseudopaxillar spinelets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377184BBFA648800FA77" box="[759,866,1485,1508]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377184BBFA648800FA77" box="[759,866,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB81732737718526FA658893FA77" box="[874,1009,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, bearing 5–8 apical spicules to
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB817327377186F9FA598A6EF99B" box="[181,268,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, pseudopaxillae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718419FA5989ADF99B" box="[597,719,1520,1544]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718419FA5989ADF99B" box="[597,719,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB81732737718494FA598802F99B" box="[728,864,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length with 3–5 short, often blunt apical thorns
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB817327377186DBF9BD8A5EF9BF" box="[151,316,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length; 4) maximum known radius for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE773273771856CF9BC88EEF9BF" box="[800,908,1557,1580]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA7673273771856CF9BC88EEF9BF" box="[800,908,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB817327377185FCF9BD8F63F9BF" box="[944,1025,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="9.3">9.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE7732737718219F9BC8FB2F9BF" box="[1109,1232,1556,1580]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA76732737718219F9BC8FB2F9BF" box="[1109,1232,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reaches
|
||
<quantity id="3D1BDB8173273771837AF9BD8E1FF9BF" box="[1334,1405,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
in radius.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5C7664732737718689F9F58861F90B" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DE30DE77327377187D1F9F5892CF9E7" box="[413,590,1628,1652]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C897AA767327377187D1F9F5892CF9E7" box="[413,590,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solaster arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be restricted to the Arctic (NE Chukchi Sea), and colder regions of the Bering Sea, south to the central Aleutian Islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |