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<document id="8EA4895A73526E8A480F470C80EF703D" ID-CLB-Dataset="22176" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.482" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96b86947-027d-4d56-915f-cc0cec1822ca" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825574" ID-ZooBank="6F3B12C7-2311-48EA-8727-5B90489E26E3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589398727797" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Vilhelmsen, Lars, Smith, David R. &amp; Malagón-Aldana, Leonardo A." docDate="2018" docId="723287A9572BF001B332B11A9743F153" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-482_vilhelmsen_smith_malagon-aldana.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 482" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lopesiana thomasi" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="8E0BFFD15739F015B17DB279951FF01A" masterDocTitle="A review of the South American genera of Cimbicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698839525838" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="29A3A21E9567A8C334B3451831F9CF33">
<mods:title id="E95C0CEC964DCE3C3A936361B5F8C7BB">A review of the South American genera of Cimbicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="79DCBB71E00594C7D9859BA0CCF7920B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E72D404D307244154F47A989095323E4">Vilhelmsen, Lars</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4361D3F14E5F2D46ED0CAEC124B957B3">Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1557E0E23330A32116582A0EBD8E9303" type="email">lbvilhelmsen@snm.ku.dk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="455965A32AE01C39E568A10160671A0C">Smith, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="782D6DD158A6ACD1E904A75504175333" type="email">sawfly2@aol.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CB9A5C269EED88304FAA5D89AF6C5157">Malagón-Aldana, Leonardo A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C4D967ACDD58615D29EAB2D1D051F7F8" type="LSID">4682DF93-FD43-4DDD-BC55-C323F1D2C738</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="101106E335DC8D3D91DF3E5B2A5FC375">Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CF410001F2F817A54A1BE1AC7F756FA6" type="email">leonardomalagon@snm.ku.dk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="48019173EB5133CF186A5F86F2366C6C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CE6B50395C1DA1E285EF6AAFBE8583AD">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="435170FF40AC96A284847E3BD78FBAB8">2018-12-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F1F9F04656B0048E50405415E473DC5F">482</mods:number>
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<treatment id="723287A9572BF001B332B11A9743F153" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846139" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164131470" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846139" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:723287A9572BF001B332B11A9743F153" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/723287A9572BF001B332B11A9743F153" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="B2816534572BF007B332B11A96FBF367" box="[591,996,866,893]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572BF007B332B11A96FBF367" blockId="18.[591,996,866,928]" box="[591,996,866,893]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="A16C81D3572BF007B332B11A96FBF367" box="[591,996,866,893]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572BF007B332B11A96FBF367" authority="(Conde, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Conde" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[591,996,866,893]" class="Insecta" genus="Lopesiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasi">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572BF007B332B11A962BF367" bold="true" box="[591,820,866,893]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Lopesiana thomasi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E0A4B4E572BF007B23EB11A96C3F367" author="Conde O." box="[835,988,867,893]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="14 - 17" refId="ref17876" refString="Conde O. 1937. Erganzungen zu den neotropischen Zaraeini (Hym. Tenthr.). Notulae Entomologicae 17: 14 - 17." type="journal article" year="1937">Conde, 1937</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2816534572BF007B39AB1FF9652F3BA" box="[743,845,902,928]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572BF007B39AB1FF9652F3BA" blockId="18.[591,996,866,928]" box="[743,845,902,928]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<figureCitation id="62A02A3A572BF007B39AB1FF9652F3BA" box="[743,845,902,928]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="8.[189,232,1831,1857]" captionStartId-1="9.[189,232,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,277,1791]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,780,1856]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1791]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[189,1398,779,1859]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="Fig. 6. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937), ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Head anterior. C. Thorax, dorsal. D. Wings. Abbreviations: M, Rs+M, 1m-cu, 2m-cu, 2r-m = wing veins; n2 = mesoscutum; T1 = 1st abdominal tergum; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus." captionText-1="Fig. 7. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937). A, C. Ƌ. (FIOC) B, D. ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Abdomen, dorsal. C. Head, anterior. D. Head and thorax, lateral. Abbreviations: T[n] = abdominal tergum [n]; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; green arrow = position of posterior thoracic spiracle; red arrow = mesopleural groove." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825587" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825591" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3825587/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3825591/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 6–7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2816534572BF006B1C0B1B19767F55C" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572BF007B1C0B1B194B5F3F8" blockId="18.[189,426,968,994]" box="[189,426,968,994]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="A16C81D3572BF007B1C0B1B194B5F3F8" bold="true" box="[189,426,968,994]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572BF007B1C0B1B194B5F3F8" bold="true" box="[189,426,968,994]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572BF007B1C0B18E966AF442" blockId="18.[189,1398,1015,1113]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectingCountry id="828C762F572BF007B1C0B18E9433F40B" box="[189,300,1015,1041]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
: –
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572BF007B030B18E971CF40B" bold="true" box="[333,515,1015,1041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectingRegion id="385FF85D572BF007B030B18E971CF40B" box="[333,515,1015,1041]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="EC9DFD36572BF007B36EB18E9720F408" box="[531,575,1015,1042]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Itiatiaia,
<quantity id="3D639B5A572BF007B3CBB18E961EF408" box="[694,769,1015,1042]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="8E25107F572BF007B230B18E96C1F40B" box="[845,990,1015,1042]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1928-03-02">2 Mar. 1928</date>
, J.F. Zikan leg. (
<collectionCode id="9C8AAE7A572BF007B5DCB18E91F5F40B" box="[1185,1258,1015,1041]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2sxf-cwg4" name="Fundacao Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIOC</collectionCode>
); 1 Ƌ, same collecting data as preceding but 9 Feb. [19]30 (
<collectionCode id="9C8AAE7A572BF007B27AB662964FF42F" box="[775,848,1051,1077]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2sxf-cwg4" name="Fundacao Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIOC</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="EC9DFD36572BF007B215B6629687F42F" box="[872,920,1051,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, same collecting data as preceding but 19 Jan. [19]45 (
<collectionCode id="9C8AAE7A572BF007B008B64794A1F442" box="[373,446,1086,1112]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2sxf-cwg4" name="Fundacao Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIOC</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="EC9DFD36572BF007B0AEB64794E0F443" box="[467,511,1086,1113]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Gavea, 23 Jan. [19]36 (
<collectionCode id="9C8AAE7A572BF007B262B6479677F442" box="[799,872,1086,1112]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2sxf-cwg4" name="Fundacao Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIOC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572BF007B1C0B6F991B2F481" blockId="18.[189,1197,1152,1179]" box="[189,1197,1152,1179]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572BF007B1C0B6F99474F480" bold="true" box="[189,363,1152,1178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Redescription</emphasis>
(female, male structures only mentioned when differing from females)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572BF007B1C0B6D69057F4D3" blockId="18.[189,1352,1199,1225]" box="[189,1352,1199,1225]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
MEASUREMENTS. Small to medium-sized sawflies, body length
<quantity id="3D639B5A572BF007B2EFB6D69111F4D3" box="[914,1038,1199,1225]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6 to 9 mm</quantity>
, male smaller than female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572BF007B1C0B68896ACF56F" blockId="18.[189,1399,1264,1398]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
COLOR. Body coloration predominantly dark brown to black (
<figureCitation id="62A02A3A572BF007B2F1B68996E7F511" box="[908,1016,1264,1291]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="8.[189,232,1831,1857]" captionStartId-1="9.[189,232,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,277,1791]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,780,1856]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1791]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[189,1398,779,1859]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="Fig. 6. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937), ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Head anterior. C. Thorax, dorsal. D. Wings. Abbreviations: M, Rs+M, 1m-cu, 2m-cu, 2r-m = wing veins; n2 = mesoscutum; T1 = 1st abdominal tergum; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus." captionText-1="Fig. 7. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937). A, C. Ƌ. (FIOC) B, D. ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Abdomen, dorsal. C. Head, anterior. D. Head and thorax, lateral. Abbreviations: T[n] = abdominal tergum [n]; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; green arrow = position of posterior thoracic spiracle; red arrow = mesopleural groove." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825587" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825591" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3825587/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3825591/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 6–7</figureCitation>
). Underside of abdomen creamy white except for apex, white parts extending onto lateral part of terga to various extent. Antennae and mouth parts dark brown; coxae and trochanters variable, femora and tarsi predominantly dark brown to black, tibiae creamy white. Wings hyaline, venation dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572BF007B1C0B7E791B1F701" blockId="18.[189,1399,1437,1819]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
HEAD. Eyes converging ventrally, inner margins slightly incurved (
<figureCitation id="62A02A3A572BF007B2B9B7E4913BF5AD" box="[964,1060,1437,1463]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1831,1857]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,277,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1791]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937), ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Head anterior. C. Thorax, dorsal. D. Wings. Abbreviations: M, Rs+M, 1m-cu, 2m-cu, 2r-m = wing veins; n2 = mesoscutum; T1 = 1st abdominal tergum; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825587/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="62A02A3A572BF007B552B7E4914AF5AD" box="[1071,1109,1437,1463]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,780,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[189,1398,779,1859]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937). A, C. Ƌ. (FIOC) B, D. ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Abdomen, dorsal. C. Head, anterior. D. Head and thorax, lateral. Abbreviations: T[n] = abdominal tergum [n]; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; green arrow = position of posterior thoracic spiracle; red arrow = mesopleural groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825591/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">7C</figureCitation>
). Posterior ocelli at level with dorsal margin of eyes. Toruli low on face, distance median ocellus – toruli approx. twice the distance toruli – ventral margin of clypeus; dorsomedian margin of torulus with distinct carina overlapping base of antennomere 1. Epistomal sulcus absent. Clypeus straight, hairy. Gena medially less than half the width of eye, wider dorsally than ventrally. Malar space very low. Occipital carina absent. Sclerotisation between occipital and oral foramina not observed. Antennae with five antennomeres (
<figureCitation id="62A02A3A572BF007B5B2B436902DF673" box="[1231,1330,1615,1641]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1831,1857]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,277,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1791]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937), ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Head anterior. C. Thorax, dorsal. D. Wings. Abbreviations: M, Rs+M, 1m-cu, 2m-cu, 2r-m = wing veins; n2 = mesoscutum; T1 = 1st abdominal tergum; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825587/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="62A02A3A572BF007B43FB4369077F673" box="[1346,1384,1615,1641]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,780,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[189,1398,779,1859]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937). A, C. Ƌ. (FIOC) B, D. ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Abdomen, dorsal. C. Head, anterior. D. Head and thorax, lateral. Abbreviations: T[n] = abdominal tergum [n]; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; green arrow = position of posterior thoracic spiracle; red arrow = mesopleural groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825591/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">7C</figureCitation>
); antennomere 1 slightly longer than wide, antennomere 2 approx. as wide as long, antennomere 3 approx. 2× as long as antennomere 4, antennomere 5 slightly expanded distally. Labrum broad, convex, flat, hairy, distal margin evenly curved. Mandibles less than ½ the height of head, number of teeth not observed, inner margin of teeth not serrated. Maxillar palps with six palpomeres (from
<bibRefCitation id="9E0A4B4E572BF007B5A8B4A49076F6ED" author="Conde O." box="[1237,1385,1757,1783]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="14 - 17" refId="ref17876" refString="Conde O. 1937. Erganzungen zu den neotropischen Zaraeini (Hym. Tenthr.). Notulae Entomologicae 17: 14 - 17." type="journal article" year="1937">Conde 1937</bibRefCitation>
), longer than labial palps, labial palps with four palpomeres. Postmentum not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572BF006B1C0B53A9482F321" blockId="18.[189,1399,1858,2027]" lastBlockId="19.[189,1399,267,827]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
THORAX. Pronotum comparatively high medially, with transverse groove extending close to dorsolateral corner, no lateral groove; pronotum fused with mesopleuron for some distance ventrolaterally. Dorsal cervical sclerite present. Propectus without lateral projection, propleural sulcus present, medioventral margins of propectus widely separated, posteriorly extended into narrow points. Prosternum laterally extended, continuous with katepisternum which articulate, but does not fuse with propleuron at lateral coxal articulation point. Anterior fore tibial spur straight, simple, not much longer than posterior spur, spurs pointed and sclerotized apically. Mesonotum with median sulcus indistinct, marked as line rather than groove, notauli well developed as grooves (
<figureCitation id="62A02A3A572AF006B262B32B969DF177" box="[799,898,338,365]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1831,1857]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,277,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1791]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937), ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Head anterior. C. Thorax, dorsal. D. Wings. Abbreviations: M, Rs+M, 1m-cu, 2m-cu, 2r-m = wing veins; n2 = mesoscutum; T1 = 1st abdominal tergum; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825587/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
), laterophragmal apodeme not observed, postscutellum absent. Small anterodorsal part of mesopleuron separated from rest by vertical groove, prepectus absent as separate sclerite. Horizontal carina absent laterally on mesopleuron. Posterior thoracic spiracle covered in lateral view by posterodorsal margin of mesopleuron, short spine projects dorsally just posterior to spiracle (
<figureCitation id="62A02A3A572AF006B32CB39897AFF1E1" box="[593,688,481,507]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,780,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[189,1398,779,1859]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937). A, C. Ƌ. (FIOC) B, D. ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Abdomen, dorsal. C. Head, anterior. D. Head and thorax, lateral. Abbreviations: T[n] = abdominal tergum [n]; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; green arrow = position of posterior thoracic spiracle; red arrow = mesopleural groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825591/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Median midcoxal articulations adjacent, only separated by small wedge of cuticle. Mesofurca not observed. Insertion of mesonoto-metanotal muscle on metanotum simple, not on conspicuous structure; cenchri oval, less than 1.5× as broad as long. Anapleural cleft present, small. Metapleuron fused with abdominal tergum 1 along dorsal margin, line of fusion dark; posteroventral metapleural apodeme not observed; paracoxal sulcus curving posteriorly, terminating in the middle of the metapleural sulcus; metacoxal foramina open dorsally, without metapleural inflection laterally. Metafurca not observed. Hind coxa less than twice as long as wide, median carina or spine not observed. Hind femoral ventral spur absent. Hind tibial apical spurs not much longer than apical width of tibia. Hind basitarsomere at least 1.5× as long as than tarsomeres 2–4, tarsal claws bifid, teeth of subequal length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572AF006B1C0B11A940FF448" blockId="19.[189,1399,867,1106]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
WINGS. Fore wing with vein M joining Sc+R close to Rs+M; in females vein 2m-cu elongate and extends obliquely with anterior end terminating in vein Rs+M proximally to vein 2r-m (
<figureCitation id="62A02A3A572AF006B51BB1FF91DBF3BB" box="[1126,1220,902,929]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1831,1857]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,277,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1791]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937), ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Head anterior. C. Thorax, dorsal. D. Wings. Abbreviations: M, Rs+M, 1m-cu, 2m-cu, 2r-m = wing veins; n2 = mesoscutum; T1 = 1st abdominal tergum; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825587/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
), in males vein 2m-cu is short and anteriorly inserts in vein M well distal to vein 2r-m; vein 1m-cu oriented obliquely, inserting on Rs+M some distance from 2r-m (distance 1m-cu – 2r-m at least ¼ distance M – 1m-cu on Rs+M); posterior anal vein present proximally and distally but discontinuous in the middle. Hind wing cell R1 open; vein M continuous, separating cells Rs and M, cell M not reaching vein Rs; cross vein 2a absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572AF006B1C0B6039767F55C" blockId="19.[189,1399,1146,1351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
ABDOMEN. Tergum 1 continuous medially (
<figureCitation id="62A02A3A572AF006B3C3B603963EF48E" box="[702,801,1146,1172]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1831,1857]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,277,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1791]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937), ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Head anterior. C. Thorax, dorsal. D. Wings. Abbreviations: M, Rs+M, 1m-cu, 2m-cu, 2r-m = wing veins; n2 = mesoscutum; T1 = 1st abdominal tergum; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825587/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 6C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="62A02A3A572AF006B24DB6039648F48E" box="[816,855,1146,1172]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,780,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[189,1398,779,1859]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Lopesiana thomasi (Conde, 1937). A, C. Ƌ. (FIOC) B, D. ♀ (FIOC). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Abdomen, dorsal. C. Head, anterior. D. Head and thorax, lateral. Abbreviations: T[n] = abdominal tergum [n]; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; green arrow = position of posterior thoracic spiracle; red arrow = mesopleural groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825591/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">7A</figureCitation>
), median carina absent, lateral carina absent, posterior margin slightly incurved; tergum 1 not brighter colored than other abdominal terga. Metaphragma not observed. Separation between median terga and lateroterga weakly demarcated. Cerci oval, length approx. 1.5× width mid length. Ovipositor apparatus not observed;
<bibRefCitation id="9E0A4B4E572AF006B526B69C91E8F4E5" author="Conde O." box="[1115,1271,1253,1279]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="14 - 17" refId="ref17876" refString="Conde O. 1937. Erganzungen zu den neotropischen Zaraeini (Hym. Tenthr.). Notulae Entomologicae 17: 14 - 17." type="journal article" year="1937">Conde (1937</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2) and
<bibRefCitation id="9E0A4B4E572AF006B1C0B771944CF539" author="Smith D. R." box="[189,339,1288,1315]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="205 - 26" refId="ref18809" refString="Smith D. R. 1988. A synopsis of the sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of America south of the United States: introduction, Xyelidae, Pamphiliidae, Cimbicidae, Diprionidae, Xiphydriidae, Siricidae, Orussidae, Cephidae. Systematic Entomology 13: 205 - 26." type="journal article" year="1988">Smith (1988</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 48) illustrate the 1
<superScript id="0DEE9BF7572AF006B31DB77E9774F50F" attach="left" box="[608,619,1287,1301]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">st</superScript>
valvula, with longitudinal line absent, vertically oriented sawteeth with serrulae present, and tip straight.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2816534572AF001B1C0B7179743F153" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572AF006B1C0B717945BF592" blockId="19.[189,324,1390,1416]" box="[189,324,1390,1416]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="A16C81D3572AF006B1C0B717945BF592" bold="true" box="[189,324,1390,1416]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B1C0B717945BF592" bold="true" box="[189,324,1390,1416]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572AF006B1C0B7E4972CF670" blockId="19.[189,1399,1437,1642]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Originally described as
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B099B7E797B5F5AD" box="[484,682,1437,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lopesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasi">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B099B7E797B5F5AD" box="[484,682,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lopesia thomasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="9E0A4B4E572AF006B39DB7E49694F5AD" author="Conde O." box="[736,907,1437,1463]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="14 - 17" refId="ref17876" refString="Conde O. 1937. Erganzungen zu den neotropischen Zaraeini (Hym. Tenthr.). Notulae Entomologicae 17: 14 - 17." type="journal article" year="1937">Conde (1937)</bibRefCitation>
. According to Conde, the
<typeStatus id="2520881D572AF006B5ABB7E49022F5AD" box="[1238,1341,1437,1463]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected in the Jardin Botanico in
<collectingRegion id="385FF85D572AF006B327B7B99619F5C0" box="[602,774,1472,1498]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
in
<date id="8E25107F572AF006B251B7B996C6F5C0" box="[812,985,1472,1498]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1936-02">February 1936</date>
and placed in the custody of ‘Frey Thomas’ (perhaps a monk, i.e., Friar Thomas; the species is named after him). We have not been able to examine the type; the material examined here fits well with the original description.
<bibRefCitation id="9E0A4B4E572AF006B5A5B47E9068F638" author="Smith D. R." box="[1240,1399,1543,1570]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="205 - 26" refId="ref18809" refString="Smith D. R. 1988. A synopsis of the sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of America south of the United States: introduction, Xyelidae, Pamphiliidae, Cimbicidae, Diprionidae, Xiphydriidae, Siricidae, Orussidae, Cephidae. Systematic Entomology 13: 205 - 26." type="journal article" year="1988">Smith (1988)</bibRefCitation>
created the replacement name
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B366B455978AF65F" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1988" box="[539,661,1580,1605]" class="Insecta" genus="Lopesiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B366B455978AF65F" box="[539,661,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lopesiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B3BDB45596A7F65F" authority="Conde, 1937" authorityName="Conde" authorityYear="1937" box="[704,952,1579,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lopesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B3BDB4559602F65F" box="[704,797,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lopesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E0A4B4E572AF006B25EB45296A7F65F" author="Conde O." box="[803,952,1579,1605]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="14 - 17" refId="ref17876" refString="Conde O. 1937. Erganzungen zu den neotropischen Zaraeini (Hym. Tenthr.). Notulae Entomologicae 17: 14 - 17." type="journal article" year="1937">Conde, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a homonym of
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B5F9B45595E7F673" authority="Rubsaamen, 1908" authorityName="Rubsaamen" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lopesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B5F9B45591FEF65F" box="[1156,1249,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lopesia</emphasis>
Rübsaamen, 1908
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B07AB436947BF673" box="[263,356,1615,1641]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B012B4369739F670" box="[367,550,1615,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA2436BF572AF001B1C0B4E89743F153" blockId="19.[189,1399,1680,2027]" lastBlockId="20.[189,1398,267,329]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B1C0B4E89480F6B0" baseAuthorityName="Conde" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[189,415,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" genus="Lopesiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasi">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B1C0B4E89480F6B0" box="[189,415,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lopesiana thomasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a body length between 6 and
<quantity id="3D639B5A572AF006B22AB4E89680F6B1" box="[855,927,1681,1707]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
is the smallest of the South American
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B1C0B4CD9457F6D4" authorityName="W. Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[189,328,1716,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cimbicidae</taxonomicName>
. Its upper size range overlaps with that of
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B220B4CD96C6F6D4" baseAuthorityName="Conde" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[861,985,1716,1742]" class="Insecta" genus="Brasilabia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B220B4CD96C6F6D4" box="[861,985,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brasilabia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B566B4CD9011F6D4" authorityName="Mallach" authorityYear="1929" box="[1051,1294,1716,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" genus="Pseudopachylosticta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B566B4CD9011F6D4" box="[1051,1294,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pseudopachylosticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Among
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B1C0B4A1945BF6E8" authorityName="W. Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[189,324,1752,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cimbicidae</taxonomicName>
in general, only the Palaearctic genus
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B380B4A19645F6E8" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityYear="1789" box="[765,858,1752,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" genus="Corynis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B380B4A19645F6E8" box="[765,858,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Corynis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has members which are as small as
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B588B4A19070F6EB" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1988" box="[1269,1391,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" genus="Lopesiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B588B4A19070F6EB" box="[1269,1391,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lopesiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Apart from the small size,
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B080B4859768F70F" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1988" box="[509,631,1788,1813]" class="Insecta" genus="Lopesiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B080B4859768F70F" box="[509,631,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lopesiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from the other South American cimbicids by a combination of characters: having non-metallic body coloration, the antenna inserted very low on the face and with the dorsomedian margin of the toruli forming a distinct carina above the antennal bases, the posterior thoracic spiracle being concealed in lateral view (shared with
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B536B51F91B7F79A" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityYear="1789" box="[1099,1192,1894,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" genus="Corynis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B536B51F91B7F79A" box="[1099,1192,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Corynis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), having a short, triangular 1st ovipositor valve (compare fig. 48 with figs
<quantity id="3D639B5A572AF006B219B5F396D3F7B9" box="[868,972,1929,1956]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1303" metricValueMax="1.1938" metricValueMin="1.0668" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="in" value="44.5" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="42.0">42–47 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="9E0A4B4E572AF006B2A9B5F0917DF7BE" author="Smith D. R." box="[980,1122,1929,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="205 - 26" refId="ref18809" refString="Smith D. R. 1988. A synopsis of the sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of America south of the United States: introduction, Xyelidae, Pamphiliidae, Cimbicidae, Diprionidae, Xiphydriidae, Siricidae, Orussidae, Cephidae. Systematic Entomology 13: 205 - 26." type="journal article" year="1988">Smith 1988</bibRefCitation>
). The anterior insertion of fore wing vein 2m-cu on vein Rs+M female
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B39CB5D79644F7DD" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1988" box="[737,859,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" genus="Lopesiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8EFEAAD572AF006B39CB5D79644F7DD" box="[737,859,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lopesiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique within South American
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B59AB5D4906DF7DD" authorityName="W. Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[1255,1394,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cimbicidae</taxonomicName>
; the insertion of 2m-cu proximal to the posterior end of vein 2r-m resembles the condition in
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572AF006B464B5A89069F7F1" box="[1305,1398,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Abiinae">Abiinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572DF001B18DB3729468F13F" box="[240,375,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cimbicinae">Cimbicinae</taxonomicName>
(see
<figureCitation id="62A02A3A572DF001B0C4B3729709F13F" box="[441,534,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1629,1655]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,265,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Fore wing, ♀♀. A. Pachylosticta apicalis (Westwood, 1835) (NHRS). B. Agenocimbex maculata (Marlatt, 1898) (NSMT). C. Pergidae, Parasyzygoniinae: Parasyzygonia cyanoptera (Klug, 1824) (NHMD). Abbreviations: Rs, Rs+M, M, 2r, 2r-m, 2m-cu, 1a, 2a = wing veins; 1R*, Rs* = wing cells; violet arrow = junction between veins Sc+R and M; red arrow = junction between veins Sc+R and Rs+M." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825578/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
), that of the males the condition which is observed in other
<taxonomicName id="3D9B4D3C572DF001B595B372906DF13F" authorityName="W. Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[1256,1394,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cimbicidae</taxonomicName>
, including the South American taxa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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