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<document id="A075F1F01E98246565451A2E0CCB6DBB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8eef63b-5c08-4be8-915f-13a73a566e9c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187535" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461072528233" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tandberg, Anne Helene S. &amp; Vader, Wim" docDate="2009" docId="722F8B7C8272652A62F1FD6BFEBAB721" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02093p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2093" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Metopa" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="8E16F304827365286266FFD2FFC4B66D" masterDocTitle="A redescription of Metopa species (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) based on the type material. 1. Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (ZMUC)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698585057855" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="96FF49732650683BB758CFBCEB389FA3">A redescription of Metopa species (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) based on the type material. 1. Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (ZMUC)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A60D93F1D97A3440536239F9F9788E2E">Tandberg, Anne Helene S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="10D89114FD57F84907998C3D876C5B45">Vader, Wim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2A302DF2ECF5D952C63B5CF89845D3F2">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="722F8B7C8272652A62F1FD6BFEBAB721" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6216420" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119616066" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6216420" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:722F8B7C8272652A62F1FD6BFEBAB721" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/722F8B7C8272652A62F1FD6BFEBAB721" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="B29C69E18272652962F1FD6BFC6FB246" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962F1FD6BFE69B4BF" blockId="1.[151,429,696,723]" box="[151,429,696,723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="A1718D068272652962F1FD6BFE69B4BF" bold="true" box="[151,429,696,723]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652962F1FD6BFE69B4BF" bold="true" box="[151,429,696,723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652962F1FD6BFF36B4BE" ID-CoL="7PHLR" box="[151,242,697,723]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652962F1FD6BFF36B4BE" bold="true" box="[151,242,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- through time
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962F1FCD0FC6FB246" blockId="1.[151,1438,770,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
When
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B827265296280FCD0FE56B571" author="Kroyer" box="[230,402,770,796]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" refString="Kroyer, H. (1842) Nye nordiske Slaegter og Arter af Amfipodernes Orden, henhorende til Familien Gammarina. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 4, 141 - 166." type="journal article" year="1842">Krøyer (1842)</bibRefCitation>
originally described
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652960F7FCD0FCBEB576" box="[657,890,770,795]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652960F7FCD0FCBEB576" box="[657,890,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Leucothoe clypeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652961D3FCD0FBF9B576" box="[949,1085,770,795]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652961D3FCD0FBF9B576" box="[949,1085,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">L. glacialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, he placed them in the genus
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652962F1FCFBFEDCB52F" box="[151,280,809,834]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652962F1FCFBFEDCB52F" box="[151,280,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Leucothoe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, emending its genus diagnosis.
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B8272652960CDFCFBFC83B52E" author="Goes" box="[683,839,809,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Goes, A. (1866) Crustacea Amphipoda maris Spetsbergiam alluentis, cum speciebus aliis arcticis enumerat. Ofversigt af Kungliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 1865 (8), 517 - 536." type="journal article" year="1866">Goës (1866)</bibRefCitation>
and Spence
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B827265296180FCFBFBBFB52E" author="Bate" box="[998,1147,809,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Bate, C. Sp. (1862) Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of British Museum, London, UK." type="book" year="1862">Bate (1862)</bibRefCitation>
moved both species to
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652962F1FC82FECBB504" box="[151,271,848,873]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Montagua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652962F1FC82FECBB504" box="[151,271,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Montagua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. But
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B827265296336FC82FE34B507" author="Boeck" box="[336,496,848,874]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Boeck, A. (1872) De Skandinaviske og Arktiske Amphipoder. A. W. Brogger, Christiania, 160 pp." type="book" year="1872">Boeck (1872)</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E982726529602BFC82FD02B504" box="[589,710,848,873]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Montagua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E67882726529602BFC82FD02B504" box="[589,710,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Montagua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652961CFFC82FBD8B504" box="[937,1052,848,873]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Stenothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652961CFFC82FBD8B504" box="[937,1052,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Stenothoe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both genera lacking a mandible palp, and erected the new genus
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E9827265296074FCA5FDA8B5FD" box="[530,620,887,912]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E678827265296074FCA5FDA8B5FD" box="[530,620,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652960D3FCA5FCFBB5FD" box="[693,831,887,912]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652960D3FCA5FCFBB5FD" box="[693,831,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">M. clypeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<typeStatus id="253D84C8827265296103FCA4FC53B5FD" box="[869,919,886,912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
species, for species with a short 3-articulate mandible palp (3rd article very short) and a 1-articulate palp on Maxilla 1, in his words: &quot;Mandibulae palpo brevi, 3articulato; articulo 3tio fere obsoleto. Maxillae
<quantity id="3D7E978F827265296123FC16FCB1B5B3" box="[837,885,964,990]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mi" value="1.0">1mi</quantity>
paris palpo 1articulato. Reliqva cum genere
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652962F1FC38FEC8B26E" box="[151,268,1002,1027]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Stenothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652962F1FC38FEC8B26E" box="[151,268,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Stenothoe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ferme conveniunt&quot;. In the following years, many further
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652961D9FC38FBDEB26E" box="[959,1050,1002,1027]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652961D9FC38FBDEB26E" box="[959,1050,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species were described, usually without further examination of the mouthparts (see e.g. Sars 1892).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B29C69E18272652A62A3FBEAFEBAB721" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962A3FBEAFAF9B3EA" blockId="1.[151,1438,770,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
About 50 years after the erection of
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E982726529600CFBEAFCAFB23F" authority="Schellenberg" authorityName="Schellenberg" box="[618,875,1080,1106]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E67882726529600CFBEAFD00B23C" box="[618,708,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa</emphasis>
, Schellenberg
</taxonomicName>
created the monotypic genus
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652966A1FBEAFA8CB23C" box="[1223,1352,1080,1105]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Prometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652966A1FBEAFA8CB23C" box="[1223,1352,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Prometopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the antarctic
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E982726529636FFB8DFD04B215" authority="Schellenberg, 1926" authorityName="Schellenberg" authorityYear="1926" box="[265,704,1118,1144]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Prometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="C8F2E67882726529636FFB8DFE70B215" box="[265,436,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. tuberculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B8272652963A2FB8CFD73B215" author="Schellenberg" box="[452,695,1118,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" refString="Schellenberg, A. (1926) Die Gammariden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar- Expedition, XVIII, 1 - 414." type="book chapter" year="1926">Schellenberg, 1926</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This separation has been discussed (
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B8272652966EDFB8CFAC9B215" author="Just" box="[1163,1293,1118,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" refString="Just, J. (1980) Amphipoda (Crustacea) of the Thule area, northwest Greenland: faunistics and taxonomy. Meddelelser om Gronland Bioscience, 2, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1980">Just, 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B82726529677CFB8CFE96B2F2" author="Barnard" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Barnard, J. L. &amp; Karaman, G. S. (1991) The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda (except marine gammaroids). Part 2. Records of the Australian Museum Supplement, 13 (2), 419 - 866." type="journal article" year="1991">Barnard &amp; Karaman, 1991</bibRefCitation>
), but that is not the theme for this paper. The cutting from
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E9827265296675FB57FBA9B2F3" box="[1043,1133,1157,1182]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E678827265296675FB57FBA9B2F3" box="[1043,1133,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
started already with Sars (1892), who erected
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652963ECFB7EFDC5B2A8" box="[394,513,1196,1221]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652963ECFB7EFDC5B2A8" box="[394,513,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for which
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B8272652960EFFB7EFC9FB2AB" author="Gurjanova" box="[649,859,1196,1222]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Gurjanova, E. F. (1938) Amphipoda, Gammaroidea of Siaukhu Bay and Sudzukhe Bay (Japan Sea). Reports of the Japan Sea Hydrobiological Expedition of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences USSR in 1934, 1, 241 - 404. (in Russian)" type="journal article" year="1938">Gurjanova (1938)</bibRefCitation>
selected
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652961A1FB7EFA86B2AB" authority="Boeck, 1870" authorityName="Boeck" authorityYear="1870" box="[967,1346,1196,1222]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimana">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652961A1FB7EFB63B2A8" box="[967,1191,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa longimana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B8272652966CBFB7EFA86B2AB" author="Boeck" box="[1197,1346,1196,1222]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Boeck, A. (1870) Crustacea Amphipoda borealia et arctica. Videnskapelig Selskabs Forhandlinger 1870, 83 - 280." type="journal article" year="1870">Boeck, 1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as
<typeStatus id="253D84C882726529670FFB7EFA5FB2AB" box="[1385,1435,1196,1222]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
species.
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B82726529629AFB00FE0BB281" author="Gurjanova" box="[252,463,1234,1260]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Gurjanova, E. F. (1938) Amphipoda, Gammaroidea of Siaukhu Bay and Sudzukhe Bay (Japan Sea). Reports of the Japan Sea Hydrobiological Expedition of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences USSR in 1934, 1, 241 - 404. (in Russian)" type="journal article" year="1938">Gurjanova (1938)</bibRefCitation>
also erected the genus
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E9827265296083FB01FCB8B281" box="[741,892,1235,1260]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Mesometopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E678827265296083FB01FCB8B281" box="[741,892,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Mesometopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for which she chose
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652966E7FB01FF16B37E" authority="Boeck, 1870" authorityName="Boeck" authorityYear="1870" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esmarki">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652966E7FB01FA86B281" box="[1153,1346,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa esmarki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B82726529672FFB00FF16B37E" author="Boeck" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Boeck, A. (1870) Crustacea Amphipoda borealia et arctica. Videnskapelig Selskabs Forhandlinger 1870, 83 - 280." type="journal article" year="1870">Boeck, 1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as type-species; later
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652963BEFB2BFD59B37F" box="[472,669,1273,1298]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglecta">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652963BEFB2BFD59B37F" box="[472,669,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa neglecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was moved by
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B82726529613FFB2BFBF0B37E" author="Shoemaker" box="[857,1076,1273,1299]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" refString="Shoemaker, C. R. (1955) Amphipoda collected at the Arctic Laboratory, Office of Naval Research, Point Barrow, Alaska, by G. E. MacGinitie. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 128 (1), 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1955">Shoemaker (1955)</bibRefCitation>
to the same genus.
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B827265296779FB2BFE9DB357" author="Barnard" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Barnard, J. L. &amp; Karaman, G. (1987) Revisions in classification of Gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea), Part 3. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 100 (4), 856 - 875." type="journal article" year="1987">Barnard &amp; Karaman (1987)</bibRefCitation>
erected the genus
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E9827265296050FAF2FD7BB354" box="[566,703,1312,1337]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Torometopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E678827265296050FAF2FD7BB354" box="[566,703,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Torometopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E982726529616BFAF2FBE5B354" box="[781,1057,1312,1337]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenatipalmata">
<emphasis id="C8F2E67882726529616BFAF2FBE5B354" box="[781,1057,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa crenatipalmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<typeStatus id="253D84C882726529662CFAF2FBBBB357" box="[1098,1151,1312,1338]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
, for a series of southern species, and in
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B82726529633EFA94FD75B30D" author="Barnard" box="[344,689,1350,1376]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Barnard, J. L. &amp; Karaman, G. S. (1991) The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda (except marine gammaroids). Part 2. Records of the Australian Museum Supplement, 13 (2), 419 - 866." type="journal article" year="1991">Barnard &amp; Karaman (1991)</bibRefCitation>
they erected the genus
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652961BDFA95FB41B30D" box="[987,1157,1351,1376]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Hardametopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652961BDFA95FB41B30D" box="[987,1157,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Hardametopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for which they chose
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652962F1FABFFE26B3EA" authority="Boeck, 1870" authorityName="Boeck" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,482,1389,1415]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652962F1FABFFE82B3EB" box="[151,326,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa nasuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B82726529632BFABFFE26B3EA" author="Boeck" box="[333,482,1389,1415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Boeck, A. (1870) Crustacea Amphipoda borealia et arctica. Videnskapelig Selskabs Forhandlinger 1870, 83 - 280." type="journal article" year="1870">Boeck, 1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as
<typeStatus id="253D84C882726529606EFABFFDF9B3EA" box="[520,573,1389,1415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
, and at the same time moved
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652961FFFABFFB98B3EB" box="[921,1116,1389,1414]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652961FFFABFFB98B3EB" box="[921,1116,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa carinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the same genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962A3FA46FAB0B002" blockId="1.[151,1438,770,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
An example of the problems that arise from new species being described without descriptions of mouthparts can be found in the fate of Sars species
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E9827265296168FA69FB4EB3B8" authority="Sars, 1883" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1883" box="[782,1162,1467,1493]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrovittata">
<emphasis id="C8F2E678827265296168FA69FBC4B3B9" box="[782,1024,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa rubrovittata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B82726529666EFA69FB4EB3B8" author="Sars" box="[1032,1162,1467,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" refString="Sars, G. O. (1883) Oversigt af Norges Crustaceer med forelobige Bemaerkninger over de nye eller mindre bekjendte Arter. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1882 (18), 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1883">Sars, 1883</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. When
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B827265296683FA69FA59B3B8" author="Barnard" box="[1253,1437,1467,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Barnard, J. L. (1962) Benthic marine Amphipoda of southern California: families Amphilochidae, Leucothoidae, Stenothoidae, Argissidae, Hyalidae. Pacific Naturalist, 3 (3), 116 - 163." type="journal article" year="1962">Barnard (1962)</bibRefCitation>
erected the new genus
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98272652963C2FA33FE3EB397" box="[420,506,1505,1530]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Stenula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788272652963C2FA33FE3EB397" box="[420,506,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Stenula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, he chose
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E982726529601FFA33FB4CB396" authority="Chevreux &amp; Fage, 1925" authorityName="Chevreux &amp; Fage" authorityYear="1925" box="[633,1160,1505,1531]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Stenothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="C8F2E67882726529601FFA33FCA0B397" box="[633,868,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Stenothoides latipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B82726529610AFA33FB4CB396" author="Chevreux" box="[876,1160,1505,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Chevreux, E. &amp; Fage, L. (1925) Amphipodes. Faune de France, 9, 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1925">Chevreux &amp; Fage, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="253D84C88272652966BAFA33FACBB396" box="[1244,1295,1505,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
for his new genus, which was diagnosed by article 2 of P5 slender, article 2 of P6 and P7 broad, and both mandible palp and maxilla 1 palp uniarticulate.
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B827265296071F9FCFD03B025" author="Lincoln" box="[535,711,1582,1608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" refString="Lincoln, R. J. (1979) British Marine Amphipoda: Gammaridea. British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1979">Lincoln (1979)</bibRefCitation>
moved
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E9827265296143F9FDFC1CB025" box="[805,984,1583,1608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrovittata">
<emphasis id="C8F2E678827265296143F9FDFC1CB025" box="[805,984,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">M. rubrovittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E9827265296198F9FDFB91B025" box="[1022,1109,1583,1608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Stenula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E678827265296198F9FDFB91B025" box="[1022,1109,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Stenula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and then synonymized this taxon with
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E982726529637DF987FE42B003" box="[283,390,1621,1646]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Stenothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="C8F2E67882726529637DF987FE42B003" box="[283,390,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of the mouthparts, as the mandibular palp of
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E982726529664BF987FB43B003" box="[1069,1159,1621,1646]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E67882726529664BF987FB43B003" box="[1069,1159,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 2- to 3-articulate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962A3F9AEFBEEB0FB" blockId="1.[151,1438,770,2034]" box="[197,1066,1660,1686]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Today the accepted diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E9827265296022F9AEFD5AB0F8" box="[580,670,1660,1685]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E678827265296022F9AEFD5AB0F8" box="[580,670,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B8272652960BBF9AEFBE2B0FB" author="Barnard" box="[733,1062,1660,1686]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" refString="Barnard, J. L. &amp; Karaman, G. S. (1991) The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda (except marine gammaroids). Part 2. Records of the Australian Museum Supplement, 13 (2), 419 - 866." type="journal article" year="1991">Barnard &amp; Karaman (1991)</bibRefCitation>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962A3F970FA9EB0D1" blockId="1.[151,1438,770,2034]" box="[197,1370,1698,1724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Antenna 1 lacking nasiform process on article 1. Accessory flagellum absent or vestigial. Palp of</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962A3F91BFA9EB08E" blockId="1.[151,1438,770,2034]" box="[197,1370,1737,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">mandible 2- to 3-articulate; palp of maxilla 1-articulate. Inner plate of maxilla 2 ordinary. Inner</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962A3F922FA9EB167" blockId="1.[151,1438,770,2034]" box="[197,1370,1776,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
plates of maxillipeds mostly fused together or well separated (
<typeStatus id="253D84C88272652961D1F922FC35B167" box="[951,1009,1776,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
). Gnathopods 12 subchelate,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962A3F8C4FA9EB15D" blockId="1.[151,1438,770,2034]" box="[197,1370,1814,1840]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">different from each other in size and shape: gnathopod 1 small, almost simple (variable), article 4</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962A3F8EFFA9EB13A" blockId="1.[151,1438,770,2034]" box="[197,1370,1853,1879]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">incipiently chelate; article 5 elongate, barely lobed. Pereopod 5 with rectolinear article 2, pereopods</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962A3F8B6FA9EB113" blockId="1.[151,1438,770,2034]" box="[197,1370,1892,1918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">67 with expanded, lobate article 2. Pereonite 4 short. Pleonites 46 free; pleonite 3 lacking dorsal</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962A3F858FC3FB1C9" blockId="1.[151,1438,770,2034]" box="[197,1019,1930,1956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">process; pleonite 4 not extended posterodorsally. Telson ordinary, flat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8272652962A3F863FBA2B19F" blockId="1.[151,1438,770,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">This differs from Boecks original diagnosis most notably in the change of the mandibular palp having to be 3-articulate (with a rudimentary third article) to the palp being 2- to 3-articulate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA393A6A8271652A62A3FF4AFEBAB721" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
As it appears from the redescriptions below,
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98271652A60B3FF4AFC5DB6DC" box="[725,921,152,177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788271652A60B3FF4AFC5DB6DC" box="[725,921,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Metopa clypeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not a very &quot;typical&quot;
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98271652A66CDFF4AFAC1B6DC" box="[1195,1285,152,177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788271652A66CDFF4AFAC1B6DC" box="[1195,1285,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Metopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98271652A6775FF4AFAA9B6DC" box="[1299,1389,152,177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788271652A6775FF4AFAA9B6DC" box="[1299,1389,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Metopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has on several occasions been thought polyphyletic (most notably in
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B8271652A61F9FF6CFAAEB6B5" author="Krapp-Schickel" box="[927,1386,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" refString="Krapp-Schickel, T. &amp; Koenemann, S. (2006) Cladistic analysis of the family Stenothoidae (Amphipoda, Crustacea). Contributions to Zoology, 75 (3 / 4), 169 - 188." type="journal article" year="2006">Krapp-Schickel &amp; Koenemann (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, but also
<bibRefCitation id="9E17479B8271652A62A8FF37FDE4B692" author="Barnard" box="[206,544,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Barnard, J. L. &amp; Karaman, G. S. (1991) The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda (except marine gammaroids). Part 2. Records of the Australian Museum Supplement, 13 (2), 419 - 866." type="journal article" year="1991">Barnard &amp; Karaman (1991))</bibRefCitation>
, and if the genus is split, the name will of course follow the
<typeStatus id="253D84C88271652A668FFF37FADFB692" box="[1257,1307,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
species. A phylogenetic analysis of
<taxonomicName id="3D8641E98271652A63A4FEDEFDD9B748" box="[450,541,268,293]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Metopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8F2E6788271652A63A4FEDEFDD9B748" box="[450,541,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Metopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will come in a later paper, since this will have to rely on redescriptions of most of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>