291 lines
30 KiB
XML
291 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079" ID-PMC="PMC5799776" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-93-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB0FFD2FFF3FFDA230C1D4BFF89FFD5" ID-PubMed="29416413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1166345" ModsDocID="1314-2003-93-1" checkinTime="1516918217063" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Snow, Neil, Peterson, Paul M., Romaschenko, Konstantin & Simon, Bryan K." docDate="2018" docId="72059B1644FE5E6B95F6B26675DA2384" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 93: 1-102" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 93" docPubDate="2018-01-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079" docTitle="Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Systema Vegitabilum 2. 1825." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFB0FFD2FFF3FFDA230C1D4BFF89FFD5" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFB0FFD2FFF3FFDA230C1D4BFF89FFD5" masterDocTitle="Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae)" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1668142195302" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Snow, Neil</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, T. M. Sperry Herbarium, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nsnow@pittstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Simon, Bryan K.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Queensland Herbarium, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Brisbane, QLD 4066 Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2018-01-25</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>93</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>102</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-93-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB0FFD2FFF3FFDA230C1D4BFF89FFD5</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1166345</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225448" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72059B1644FE5E6B95F6B26675DA2384" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/72059B1644FE5E6B95F6B26675DA2384" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="72059B16-44FE-5E6B-95F6-B26675DA2384" authority="(L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Systema Vegitabilum 2. 1825." authorityName="(L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Systema Vegitabilum 2. 1825." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Systema Vegitabilum 2. 1825.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca fusca" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">Festuca fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 876. 1759.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Leptochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptochloa fusca" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">Leptochloa fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Kunth,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Révis">Revis</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Gramin. 1: 91. 1829.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">Diplachne fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) P. Beauv. ex Stapf, Fl. Cap. 7: 591. 1900, nom. illeg. hom.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">Diplachne fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) P. Beauv. ex Stuck., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 128. 1904, nom. illeg. hom.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Steud" authorityYear="1854" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Uralepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uralepis fusca" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">Uralepis fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 247. 1855.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectorName="F Hasselquist, Fl. Trop. East Afr. Gram." country="Palestine" location="East Afr. Gram." specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Palestine">Palestine</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>F Hasselquist</collectorName>
|
||
s.n. (
|
||
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: LINN 92.21!; designated by Phillips,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
Fl. Trop.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72059B1644FE5E6B95F6B26675DA2384:4B305A0679C2946AFC69ACF826C9D0A9" country="Palestine" name="East Afr. Gram.">East Afr. Gram.</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
(2): 281. 1974)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Annuals or perennials. Culms 3 cm long (when prostrate) to 170 cm tall, 1-8 mm wide at base, round or sometimes flattened, ascending to erect (sometimes completely prostrate at higher altitudes) or geniculate and rooting at lower nodes (facultatively stoloniferous), branched or unbranched; nodes glabrous; internodes (0.5-)3-26 cm long, soft or sometimes slightly lignified, hollow. Leaf sheaths longer or shorter than the internodes, round or flattened, glabrous on sides and margins; ligules (1.5-)5-12(-15) mm long, hyaline to membranous, apically attenuate but often becoming lacerated due to mechanical damage; blades (3-)5-50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2-0.6 cm, flat but becoming inrolled when dry, glabrous to somewhat scabrous above and below. Panicles (1.5-)15-105
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-30 cm, partially inserted below (subspp.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. muelleri" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diplachne fusca muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fascicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diplachne fusca fascicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or occasionally subsp.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="fusca" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">Diplachne fusca fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to completely exserted at maturity; with (3-)5-35 branches; the branches (1.5-)3-20 cm long, alternate along the rachis, sometimes reflexed or steeply erect but mostly somewhat ascending, stiff, minutely scabrous, axils glabrous. Spikelets 5-12(-14) mm long, shortly pedicillate, sometimes distant near base of branches but overlapping near branch tips; florets (4-)6-12(-20); callus glabrous or hairy; lower glumes 1.0-3.5 (-4.9) mm long, membranous, narrowly ovate to ovate, usually scabrous on the midnerve, apex broadly acute to acute, awnless or infrequently shortly awned; upper glumes 1.8-5.5 mm long, elliptic to usually ovate or widely ovate (or sometimes obovate), scabrous on midnerve, apex obtuse (rarely) or acute at apex, rarely short-awned; lemmas 2.3-6.0 mm long, nar
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">rowly</pageBreakToken>
|
||
ovate, ovate, or elliptic, the lateral nerves distinct and sometimes slightly excurrent, more or less sericeous on lateral nerves and the midnerve (hair tips rounded), apex truncate, obtuse, to acute or acuminate and sometimes bifid, awnless, mucronate, or awned to 3.5 mm; palea subequal or slightly exceeding lemma, more or less sericeous on nerves; apex acute or obtuse. Stamens 1, 2 or mostly 3; anthers 0.2-2.7 mm. Caryopses 1.0-2.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7-1.2 mm, elliptic, ovate, or obovate in hilar profile, transversely elliptic to depressed obovate in transverse section, hilar groove lacking, smooth or sometimes slightly rugose, brown; pericarp weakly adnate to the endopserm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="stem anatomy">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Stem anatomy.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Stems are hollow in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diplachne fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/334434" author="Canfield, RH" journalOrPublisher="Botanical gazette (London)" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="636 - 648" refId="B12" refString="Canfield, RH, 1934. Stem structure of grasses of the Jornada Experimental Range. Botanical gazette (London) 95: 636 - 648, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/334434" title="Stem structure of grasses of the Jornada Experimental Range." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/334434" volume="95" year="1934">Canfield 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ebinger, JE" journalOrPublisher="Bothalia" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="B22" refString="Ebinger, JE, Carlen, JL, 1975. Culm morphology and grass systematics. Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci.68: 87-101." title="Culm morphology and grass systematics. Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 68: 87 - 101." year="1975">Ebinger and Carlen 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2442093" author="Brown, WV" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="395 - 402" refId="B10" refString="Brown, WV, 1975. Variations in anatomy, associations, and origins of Kranz tissue. American Journal of Botany 62: 395 - 402, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2442093" title="Variations in anatomy, associations, and origins of Kranz tissue." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2442093" volume="62" year="1975">Brown 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Auquier, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Societe royale de botanique de Belgique" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="95 - 140" refId="B5" refString="Auquier, P, Sommers, Y, 1967. Recherches histotaxonomiques sur le chaume des Poaceae. Bulletin of the Societe royale de botanique de Belgique 100: 95 - 140" title="Recherches histotaxonomiques sur le chaume des Poaceae." volume="100" year="1967">Auquier and Sommers 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Valls, JFM" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="B118" refString="Valls, JFM, 1978. A biosystematic study of Leptochloa with special emphasis on Leptochloa dubia (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). PhD Dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station." title="A biosystematic study of Leptochloa with special emphasis on Leptochloa dubia (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). PhD Dissertation, Texas A & M University, College Station." year="1978">Valls 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). When branching occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it tends to be concentrated in the upper nodes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Valls, JFM" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="B118" refString="Valls, JFM, 1978. A biosystematic study of Leptochloa with special emphasis on Leptochloa dubia (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). PhD Dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station." title="A biosystematic study of Leptochloa with special emphasis on Leptochloa dubia (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). PhD Dissertation, Texas A & M University, College Station." year="1978">Valls 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Valls, JFM" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="B118" refString="Valls, JFM, 1978. A biosystematic study of Leptochloa with special emphasis on Leptochloa dubia (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). PhD Dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station." title="A biosystematic study of Leptochloa with special emphasis on Leptochloa dubia (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). PhD Dissertation, Texas A & M University, College Station." year="1978">Valls (1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 33) observed that branching in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. f. subsp. uninervia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="f." subSpecies="uninervia">D. f. subsp. uninervia</taxonomicName>
|
||
tends to occur after the terminal inflorescence is fully developed, suggesting that branching is facultative and dependent on favourable growing conditions, presumably adequate soil moisture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Flowering throughout the year in tropical latitudes; usually commencing early to mid-summer in temperate areas.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribtution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribtution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Native</emphasis>
|
||
: Widespread and common to abundant in warm-temperate and tropical areas, between approximately 49°N and 40°S in the New World and 40°N and 42°S in Old World; mostly below 2000 m.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Non-native</emphasis>
|
||
: See under subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="vernacular names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Malabar sprangletop; Chinese: shuang fu cao (双稃草) (and see others under subspecies).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Localised populations of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diplachne fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex can be somewhat distinct morphologically from conspecifics occurring elsewhere, which is reflected in the many names that have been created to reflect such variation. However, all characters intergrade when considered globally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snow, N" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="B94" refString="Snow, N, 1997a. Phylogeny and systematics of Leptochloa P. Beauv. sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae). Ph.D. dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis: Missouri." title="Phylogeny and systematics of Leptochloa P. Beauv. sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae). Ph. D. dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis: Missouri." year="1997 a">Snow 1997a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), suggesting that the localised morphological variants do not merit recognition at the specific level. Field observations, herbarium work and multivariate statistical studies (Snow unpubl.) based on eleven population samples (n=20) from North America, Africa and Australia, which included over 80 morphometric traits, supported the recognition of four subspecies, which generally can be differentiated with little difficulty. These include:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. fusca" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. fusca subsp. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">D. fusca subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a polymorphic Paleotropical taxon adventive in a few areas in the New World (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nicora, EG" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="233 - 256" refId="B63" refString="Nicora, EG, 1995. Los generos Diplachne y Leptochloa (Gramineae, Eragrosteae) de la Argentina y paises limitrofes. Darwiniana 33: 233 - 256" title="Los generos Diplachne y Leptochloa (Gramineae, Eragrosteae) de la Argentina y paises limitrofes." volume="33" year="1995">Nicora 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snow, N" editor="Zuloaga, FO" journalOrPublisher="3, Tomo 2. Graficamente Ediciones, Cordoba" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="131 - 138" refId="B99" refString="Snow, N, 2012. Leptochloa P. Beauv. In: Zuloaga, FO, Rugolo, ZE, Anton, AM, Eds., Flora Argentina, Vol. 3, Tomo 2. Graficamente Ediciones, Cordoba: 131 - 138" title="Leptochloa P. Beauv." volumeTitle="Flora Argentina, Vol." year="2012">Snow 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. f. subsp. muelleri" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="f." subSpecies="muelleri">D. f. subsp. muelleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known from much of the interior portions of Australia, particularly the Northern Territory;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. f. subsp. uninervia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="f." subSpecies="uninervia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. f. subsp. uninervia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, native to the Neotropics but adventive elsewhere (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snow, N" journalOrPublisher="Austrobaileya" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="299 - 305" refId="B102" refString="Snow, N, Simon, BK, 1999. Taxonomic status and Australian distribution of of the weedy neotropical grass Leptochloa fusca subsp. uninervia, with an updated key to Australian Leptochloa (Poaceae, Chloridoideae). Austrobaileya 5: 299 - 305" title="Taxonomic status and Australian distribution of of the weedy neotropical grass Leptochloa fusca subsp. uninervia, with an updated key to Australian Leptochloa (Poaceae, Chloridoideae)." volume="5" year="1999">Snow and Simon 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. f. subsp. fascicularis" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="f." subSpecies="fascicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. f. subsp. fascicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, native to the temperate and tropical regions of the New World.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Differentiating between subspecies can be particularly difficult in parts of California and Argentina, where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. f. subsp. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="f." subSpecies="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. f. subsp. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is adventive and sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fascicularis">Diplachne fusca subspecies fascicularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne uninervia" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uninervia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diplachne uninervia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the Middle East and Australia (Western Australia, Queensland), where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. f. subsp. uninervia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="f." subSpecies="uninervia">D. f. subsp. uninervia</taxonomicName>
|
||
has become established (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snow, N" journalOrPublisher="Austrobaileya" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="299 - 305" refId="B102" refString="Snow, N, Simon, BK, 1999. Taxonomic status and Australian distribution of of the weedy neotropical grass Leptochloa fusca subsp. uninervia, with an updated key to Australian Leptochloa (Poaceae, Chloridoideae). Austrobaileya 5: 299 - 305" title="Taxonomic status and Australian distribution of of the weedy neotropical grass Leptochloa fusca subsp. uninervia, with an updated key to Australian Leptochloa (Poaceae, Chloridoideae)." volume="5" year="1999">Snow and Simon 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It seems unlikely that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. f. subsp. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="f." subSpecies="fusca">D. f. subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
has persisted in California.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Specimens collected around wool combing mills in South Carolina in the United States by Ahles and associates in the 1950s and 1960s appear to be
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. fusca" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. fusca subsp. fusca" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">L. fusca subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
or occasionally subsp.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. muelleri" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="muelleri">Diplachne fusca muelleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which likely arrived from wool exported by Australia to the Carolinas for the textile factories then common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">Key</pageBreakToken>
|
||
to subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplachne fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<table inLine="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Lowermost panicle branches generally exserted from sheath; uppermost leaf blade length generally shorter than the terminal panicle; leaf sheaths only rarely mottled with anthocyanin pigments; lemmas at maturity smoky white or not, sometimes dark green, but usually lacking a distinct dark spot</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Lowermost branches of panicles generally partially to mostly inserted in upper sheath; uppermost leaf blade length usually exceeding length of panicle; leaf sheaths sometimes mottled with anthocyanin pigments; lemmas often smoky white at maturity and with a dark spot in lower half</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Lemma apices various, obtuse to acute or acuminate, notched or not; lemmas of various colours; spikelets 6-14 mm; anthers usually 0.5-2.7 mm; mostly Old World, southern South America, introduced into North America</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. fusca" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Lemma apices obtuse to truncate, usually notched and often mucronate; lemmas often dark green or lead coloured; spikelets relatively short, 5-10 mm, anthers usually less than 0.7 mm; rachilla rarely visible during anthesis; mostly New World tropics</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="uninervia">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Lemmas flat, relatively broad, to 2.0 mm wide; panicles narrow, mostly less than 5 cm wide; panicle branches generally steeply erect, often flexuous near tips; hairs on lateral nerves of lemma sericeous to velutinous, often densely so and typically becoming divaricate with age; lemma apices mostly broadly acute, awnless or sometimes mucronate; Australian interior</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. muelleri" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplachne fusca subsp. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Lemmas slightly keeled, relatively narrow, mostly less than 1.5 mm wide; panicles somewhat broad, particularly at base, to 22 cm wide; panicle branches somewhat erect to reflexed, the branches not flexuous near tips; hairs on lateral nerves of sericeous, rarely densely so, typically remaining more or less appressed; lemma apices acute to acuminate, awnless or with awns to 3.5 mm long; mostly New World</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fascicularis">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |