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<document id="5664025A7B33F86A019A337263152B82" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2cbc0f84-2011-4e7c-868f-6c305d5f3308" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6952172" ID-ZooBank="BB6FBD07-6B8B-4615-BD66-C4AEB612145F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1659438097391" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Khalaim, Andrey I. &amp; Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique" docDate="2022" docId="720187E4FFBEFFC441A7F23EFA0AFE0B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5169.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5169 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Liotryphon Ashmead 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="224" masterDocId="8E38FF9CFFABFFD34130F435FF96FF9C" masterDocTitle="Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group" masterLastPageNumber="251" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="222" updateTime="1732034498606" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="516C1740F661B4C46B4F619DB318E929">Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B1E35699EACE3028349D9CECE613E067">Khalaim, Andrey I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C1C286C90749D09739876C0225C762CB">Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. &amp; Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BFA6F890047146EFFAEDCD95A4BE7FA3">Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C58FCD617599B9FB171EDBE63CBAD59A">Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="720187E4FFBEFFC441A7F23EFA0AFE0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952256" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198574439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6952256" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:720187E4FFBEFFC441A7F23EFA0AFE0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFBEFFC441A7F23EFA0AFE0B" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<subSubSection id="B2B26579FFBEFFC641A7F23EFDACF9B9" box="[151,570,1547,1574]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBEFFC641A7F23EFDACF9B9" blockId="21.[151,570,1547,1574]" box="[151,570,1547,1574]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<heading id="A15F819EFFBEFFC641A7F23EFDACF9B9" bold="true" box="[151,570,1547,1574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC641A7F23EFDACF9B9" bold="true" box="[151,570,1547,1574]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBEFFC641DEF23EFDACF9B9" ID-CoL="5F7T" ID-ENA="494854" authority="Ashmead, 1900" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" box="[238,570,1547,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC641DEF23EFEE3F9BA" bold="true" box="[238,373,1547,1574]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Liotryphon</emphasis>
Ashmead, 1900
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2B26579FFBEFFC641A7F27EFC2EF9FF" box="[151,952,1611,1635]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBEFFC641A7F27EFC2EF9FF" blockId="21.[151,1437,1611,1666]" box="[151,952,1611,1635]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DAB811DCFFBEFFC641A7F27EFC2EF9FF" box="[151,952,1611,1635]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<treatmentCitation id="7B0910E3FFBEFFC641A7F27EFE49F9FF" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[151,479,1611,1635]" page="368" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" year="1900">
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBEFFC641A7F27EFE49F9FF" ID-CoL="5F7T" authority="Ashmead 1900 b: 368" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityPageNumber="368" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,479,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC641A7F27EFE9EF9FF" box="[151,264,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Liotryphon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBEFFC6403AF27EFE49F9FF" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[266,479,1611,1635]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="368" refId="ref40076" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1900 b) Some changes in generic names in Hymenoptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 32 (12), 368. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 32368 a- 12" type="journal article" year="1900">Ashmead 1900b: 368</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(new name for
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBEFFC64346F27EFC3BF9FF" authority="Kriechbaumer, 1890" authorityName="Kriechbaumer" authorityYear="1890" box="[630,941,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Liogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC64346F27EFD41F9FE" box="[630,727,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Liogaster</emphasis>
Kriechbaumer, 1890
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2B26579FFBEFFC6428BF27EFD74F91E" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBEFFC6428BF27EFD74F91E" blockId="21.[151,1437,1611,1666]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<typeStatus id="25138850FFBEFFC6428BF27EFC7BF9FF" box="[955,1005,1611,1635]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBEFFC64575F27EFF6CF91E" authority="Kriechbaumer, 1890" authorityName="Kriechbaumer" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Liogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longulus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC64575F27EFA94F9FF" box="[1093,1282,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Liogaster longulus</emphasis>
Kriechbaumer, 1890
</taxonomicName>
(=
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC6402DF25CFE05F91D" box="[285,403,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">punctulatus</emphasis>
Ratzeburg, 1848), by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2B26579FFBEFFC641A7F293FC87F84F" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBEFFC641A7F293FE99F922" blockId="21.[151,844,1702,1819]" box="[151,271,1702,1726]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<heading id="A15F819EFFBEFFC641A7F293FE99F922" bold="true" box="[151,271,1702,1726]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" reason="2">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC641A7F293FE99F922" bold="true" box="[151,271,1702,1726]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Synonyms:</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBEFFC641A7F2F3FD78F942" blockId="21.[151,844,1702,1819]" box="[151,750,1733,1758]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBEFFC641A7F2F3FEFFF942" authority="Seyrig, 1927" authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,361,1733,1758]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Tetrarogidae" genus="Apistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC641A7F2F3FF76F941" box="[151,224,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Apistes</emphasis>
Seyrig, 1927
</taxonomicName>
(name preoccupied by Fischer, 1823).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBEFFC641A7F2D1FD66F960" blockId="21.[151,844,1702,1819]" box="[151,752,1764,1788]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBEFFC641A7F2D1FE39F960" authority="Seyrig, 1928" authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,431,1764,1788]" class="Insecta" genus="Apistephialtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC641A7F2D1FEB1F960" box="[151,295,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Apistephialtes</emphasis>
Seyrig, 1928
</taxonomicName>
(new name for
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBEFFC6437FF2D1FD73F960" authority="Seyrig" authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1927" box="[591,741,1764,1788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Tetrarogidae" genus="Apistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC6437FF2D1FD0EF967" box="[591,664,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Apistes</emphasis>
Seyrig
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBEFFC641A7F336FCDAF887" blockId="21.[151,844,1702,1819]" box="[151,844,1795,1819]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBEFFC641A7F336FE58F887" authority="Kriechbaumer, 1890" authorityName="Kriechbaumer" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,462,1795,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Liogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC641A7F336FF6EF886" box="[151,248,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Liogaster</emphasis>
Kriechbaumer, 1890
</taxonomicName>
(name preoccupied by Meyer, 1844).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBEFFC641A7F375FC87F84F" blockId="21.[151,1436,1856,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC641A7F375FE85F8C4" bold="true" box="[151,275,1856,1880]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" reason="1">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBEFFC6402DF374FDDEF8C4" author="Townes, H. K. &amp; Townes, M." box="[285,584,1856,1880]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 676" refId="ref43892" refString="Townes, H. K. &amp; Townes, M. (1960) Ichneumon-flies of America North of Mexico: 2. Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 216 (Part 2), 1 - 676. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.216.1 - 2" type="journal article" year="1960">Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 10</bibRefCitation>
[syn. of
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBEFFC6439DF374FC9CF8C4" box="[685,778,1857,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Exeristes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC6439DF374FC9CF8C4" box="[685,778,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Exeristes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 87 [
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBEFFC6427FF375FC49F8C4" authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1928" box="[847,991,1856,1880]" class="Insecta" genus="Apistephialtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC6427FF375FC49F8C4" box="[847,991,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Apistephialtes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; revision of 8 Nearctic species (1 species actually belongs to another genus, 2 species described as new); key].
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBEFFC642B9F36AFB31F8EB" author="Townes, H. K. &amp; Townes, M." box="[905,1191,1887,1911]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 367" refId="ref43952" refString="Townes, H. K. &amp; Townes, M. (1966) A catalogue and reclassification of the Neotropic Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 8, 1 - 367." type="journal article" year="1966">Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 12</bibRefCitation>
[catalogue; 2 species in Neotropical region; 2 species in
<collectingCountry id="82BF7662FFBEFFC64326F348FDFFF809" box="[534,617,1917,1941]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Mexico</collectingCountry>
].
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBEFFC6434AF34BFCBCF809" author="Townes, H. K." box="[634,810,1917,1941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 300" refId="ref43741" refString="Townes, H. K. (1969) The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 1. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 11, 1 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02027741" type="journal article" year="1969">Townes 1969: 77</bibRefCitation>
[description; distribution].
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBEFFC64575F348FA95F809" author="Carlson, R. W." box="[1093,1283,1917,1942]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="315 - 740" refId="ref40518" refString="Carlson, R. W. (1979) Family Ichneumonidae. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd Jr., P. D., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (Eds.), &quot; Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. &quot; Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, pp. 315 - 740." type="book chapter" year="1979">Carlson 1979: 326</bibRefCitation>
[catalogue; 10 species in America north of
<collectingCountry id="82BF7662FFBEFFC640D4F3A9FDA1F828" box="[484,567,1948,1972]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Mexico</collectingCountry>
].
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBEFFC64377F3A9FD67F828" author="Gauld, I. D." box="[583,753,1948,1972]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 589" refId="ref41293" refString="Gauld, I. D. (1991) The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 1. Introduction, keys to subfamilies, and keys to the species of the lower Pimpliform subfamilies Rhyssinae, Poemeniinae, Acaenitinae and Cylloceriinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 47, 1 - 589." type="journal article" year="1991">Gauld 1991: 166</bibRefCitation>
[“some species occur in the highlands of Central
<collectingCountry id="82BF7662FFBEFFC645C5F3A9FADCF828" box="[1269,1354,1948,1972]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Mexico</collectingCountry>
”]. RuízCancino
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBEFFC64012F38EFED9F84F" box="[290,335,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">et al</emphasis>
. 2002: 645 [checklist; 2 species in
<collectingCountry id="82BF7662FFBEFFC64384F38EFC91F84F" box="[692,775,1979,2003]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Mexico</collectingCountry>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2B26579FFBDFFC541A7F4A2FAE7FE31" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBDFFC541A7F4A2FCB8FF65" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBDFFC541A7F4A2FE85FF2D" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,275,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC541A7F4A2FE85FF2D" box="[151,275,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Liotryphon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a predominantly Holarctic and Oriental genus with about 25 species; eight species occur in the Nearctic region, one species (
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBDFFC5404FF48EFE61FF48" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[383,503,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC5404FF48EFE61FF48" box="[383,503,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. atriceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is known only from
<collectingCountry id="82BF7662FFBDFFC543DEF48EFCD0FF49" box="[750,838,187,213]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, and one Nearctic species (
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBDFFC5454BF48EFB60FF49" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1147,1270,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petulcus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC5454BF48EFB60FF49" box="[1147,1270,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. petulcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) was recorded from central
<collectingRegion id="386CF810FFBDFFC54018F4EAFE36FF65" box="[296,416,223,249]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Mexico by</collectingRegion>
Townes (
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBDFFC5433CF4EAFCB7FF65" author="Townes, H. K. &amp; Townes, M." box="[524,801,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 676" refId="ref43892" refString="Townes, H. K. &amp; Townes, M. (1960) Ichneumon-flies of America North of Mexico: 2. Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 216 (Part 2), 1 - 676. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.216.1 - 2" type="journal article" year="1960">Townes &amp; Townes 1960</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBDFFC541F7F536FAF6FE15" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
Four species are recorded from
<collectingCountry id="82BF7662FFBDFFC54306F536FD1AFE81" box="[566,652,259,285]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Mexico</collectingCountry>
in this paper, including two new species described below. Two new species differ from their Nearctic congeners by absence of the submetapleural carina, and from
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBDFFC545E5F512FAD8FEDC" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1237,1358,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC545E5F512FAD8FEDC" box="[1237,1358,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. atriceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the hirsute mesoscutum, almost entirely black body (in
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBDFFC543FFF57EFCD3FEF8" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[719,837,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC543FFF57EFCD3FEF8" box="[719,837,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. atriceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mesosoma and metasoma are extensively pale reddish brown) and predominantly reddish legs (whitish in
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBDFFC543E6F55AFCDBFE14" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[726,845,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC543E6F55AFCDBFE14" box="[726,845,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. atriceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The genus is very rarely collected in
<collectingCountry id="82BF7662FFBDFFC54433F55AFACAFE15" box="[1283,1372,367,393]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBDFFC541F7F5A6FAE7FE31" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,429]" box="[199,1393,403,429]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
Species of
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBDFFC54072F5A6FE28FE31" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" box="[322,446,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC54072F5A6FE28FE31" box="[322,446,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Liotryphon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
commonly attack
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBDFFC543BEF5A6FC83FE31" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[654,789,403,429]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
pupating under loose bark (
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBDFFC5457FF5A6FAF2FE31" author="Townes, H. K. &amp; Townes, M." box="[1103,1380,403,429]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 676" refId="ref43892" refString="Townes, H. K. &amp; Townes, M. (1960) Ichneumon-flies of America North of Mexico: 2. Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 216 (Part 2), 1 - 676. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.216.1 - 2" type="journal article" year="1960">Townes &amp; Townes 1960</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="AED7667AFFBDFFC541A7F2BBFDF2F972" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6952228" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6952228/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" startId="22.[151,264,1678,1702]" targetBox="[151,1428,453,1655]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBDFFC541A7F2BBFDF2F972" blockId="22.[151,1436,1678,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC541A7F2BBFEC2F93A" bold="true" box="[151,340,1678,1702]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">FIGURES 2731.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBDFFC54069F2BBFDA7F93A" authority="Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino, 2022" authorityName="Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino" authorityYear="2022" box="[345,561,1678,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Endromopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daschi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC54069F2BBFDA7F93A" box="[345,561,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Endromopoda daschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC54307F2BAFD1EF93B" bold="true" box="[567,648,1679,1703]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3EF579BFFBDFFC54307F2BAFD1EF93B" box="[567,648,1679,1703]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, ♀:
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC54229F2BBFCA4F93A" bold="true" box="[793,818,1678,1702]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">27</emphasis>
—habitus (without antennae and wings), lateral;
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC5442FF2BBFAC7F93A" bold="true" box="[1311,1361,1678,1702]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">28—</emphasis>
apex of ovipositor, lateral.
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBDFFC54066F286FD90F956" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="2006" box="[342,518,1714,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Iseropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hylesiae">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC54066F286FD90F956" box="[342,518,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Iseropus hylesiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype, ♀ (Tlaxcala):
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC54235F287FC88F956" bold="true" box="[773,798,1714,1738]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">29</emphasis>
—habitus (without antennae), lateral;
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC54590F287FB45F956" bold="true" box="[1184,1235,1714,1738]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">30—</emphasis>
mesosoma and base of metasoma, lateral;
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC54043F2E3FE1AF972" bold="true" box="[371,396,1750,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">31</emphasis>
—apex of ovipositor.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="B2B26579FFBDFFC441A7F374FA0AFE0B" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" type="key">
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBDFFC541A7F374FD6FF8C6" blockId="22.[151,761,1856,1883]" box="[151,761,1856,1883]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC541A7F374FD6FF8C6" bold="true" box="[151,761,1856,1883]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
Key to species of
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBDFFC5405EF375FE63F8C7" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" box="[366,501,1856,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC5405EF375FE63F8C7" bold="true" box="[366,501,1856,1883]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Liotryphon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring in
<collectingCountry id="82BF7662FFBDFFC543AEF375FD6FF8C6" box="[670,761,1856,1882]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<key id="8E3961C3FFBDFFC441A7F3B3FA0AFE0B" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<keyStep id="415C2E57FFBDFFC541A7F3B3FA0AF86F" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBDFFC541A7F3B3FA0AF824" blockId="22.[151,1437,1926,2036]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<keyLead id="415995C7FFBDFFC541A7F3B3FA0AF824" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
1. Mesosoma extensively pale reddish brown with black markings. Scape and pedicel of antenna ventrally white. Pronotum wih white stripe on its upper margin. Submetapleural carina complete (unknown for
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBDFFC542D4F391FBDCF825" ID-CoL="3V8WS" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[996,1098,1956,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBDFFC542D4F391FBDCF825" box="[996,1098,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">L. atriceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)......................... 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBDFFC541A7F3F4FA0AF86F" blockId="22.[151,1437,1926,2036]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<keyLead id="415995C7FFBDFFC541A7F3F4FA0AF86F" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
- Mesosoma black, sometimes only with white stripe on upper margin of pronotum (
<figureCitation id="62932A77FFBDFFC5452CF3F5FBF0F849" box="[1052,1126,1984,2006]" captionStart="FIGURES 3236" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-55@25.[151,1436,273,1838]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 3236. Liotryphon gauldi sp. nov., holotype, ♀: 32—habitus, lateral. Liotryphon tamajalus sp. nov., paratype, ♀: 33—habitus, lateral; 34—mesosoma and base of metasoma, lateral; 35—metasomal tergites 14, dorsal; 36—apex of ovipositor, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6952230/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
). Scape and pedicel of antenna entirely black. Pronotum with or without white stripe on its upper margin. Submetapleural carina absent................ 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="415C2E57FFBCFFC441A7F4ADFA0BFF56" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBCFFC441A7F4ADFA0BFF31" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,408]" box="[151,1437,151,173]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<keyLead id="415995C7FFBCFFC441A7F4ADFA0BFF31" box="[151,1437,151,173]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
2. Metasoma reddish brown. Mesoscutum almost bare.......................................
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBCFFC44589F4A2FB5DFF30" bold="true" box="[1209,1227,151,172]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBCFFC445E1F4ADFA0BFF31" ID-CoL="3V8WS" authority="(Cresson)" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1233,1437,151,173]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriceps">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBCFFC445E1F4ADFAAFFF30" bold="true" box="[1233,1337,151,173]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">L. atriceps</emphasis>
(Cresson)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBCFFC441A7F480FA0BFF56" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,408]" box="[151,1437,180,203]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<keyLead id="415995C7FFBCFFC441A7F480FA0BFF56" box="[151,1437,180,203]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
- Metasoma black. Mesoscutum with moderately dense, evenly distributed setae.................
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBCFFC44584F480FB50FF56" bold="true" box="[1204,1222,181,202]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBCFFC445FCF480FA0BFF56" ID-CoL="3V8XM" authority="(Cresson)" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1228,1437,180,202]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petulcus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBCFFC445FCF480FAAFFF56" bold="true" box="[1228,1337,180,202]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">L. petulcus</emphasis>
(Cresson)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="415C2E57FFBCFFC441A7F4E7FA0AFE0B" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBCFFC441A7F4E7FA0AFEBE" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,408]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<keyLead id="415995C7FFBCFFC441A7F4E7FA0AFEBE" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
3. Pronotum entirely black. Metapleuron polished, impunctate. Fore coxa whitish. Wings yellowish. Second tergite with oblique grooves anterolaterally and with a pair of rounded lateromedian swellings. Tergites 25 with posterior impunctate 0.25 dull. Large species with body length
<quantity id="3D509B17FFBCFFC44323F538FDFEFEBE" box="[531,616,269,291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
and fore wing length
<quantity id="3D509B17FFBCFFC4420CF538FC07FEBE" box="[828,913,269,290]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="12.3">12.3 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="62932A77FFBCFFC442AEF538FC72FEBE" box="[926,996,269,291]" captionStart="FIGURES 3236" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-55@25.[151,1436,273,1838]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 3236. Liotryphon gauldi sp. nov., holotype, ♀: 32—habitus, lateral. Liotryphon tamajalus sp. nov., paratype, ♀: 33—habitus, lateral; 34—mesosoma and base of metasoma, lateral; 35—metasomal tergites 14, dorsal; 36—apex of ovipositor, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6952230/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
)..................
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBCFFC445E8F538FA0AFEBE" bold="true" box="[1240,1436,268,290]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
2.
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBCFFC445C0F538FADCFEBE" authority="Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino, 2022" authorityName="Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino" authorityYear="2022" box="[1264,1354,268,290]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gauldi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBCFFC445C0F538FADCFEBE" bold="true" box="[1264,1354,268,290]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">L. gauldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3EF579BFFBCFFC44460F538FA0AFEBE" box="[1360,1436,269,290]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBCFFC441A7F51EFA0AFE0B" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,408]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<keyLead id="415995C7FFBCFFC441A7F51EFA0AFE0B" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
- Pronotum black with white stripe on its upper margin (
<figureCitation id="62932A77FFBCFFC443C7F51FFCD6FEA3" box="[759,832,298,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 3236" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-55@25.[151,1436,273,1838]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 3236. Liotryphon gauldi sp. nov., holotype, ♀: 32—habitus, lateral. Liotryphon tamajalus sp. nov., paratype, ♀: 33—habitus, lateral; 34—mesosoma and base of metasoma, lateral; 35—metasomal tergites 14, dorsal; 36—apex of ovipositor, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6952230/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
). Metapleuron finely and sparsely punctate. Fore coxa reddish orange. Wings more or less hyaline. Second tergite without oblique grooves anterolaterally, with a pair of very weak lateromedian swellings (
<figureCitation id="62932A77FFBCFFC4407AF550FE04FEE7" box="[330,402,357,379]" captionStart="FIGURES 3236" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-55@25.[151,1436,273,1838]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 3236. Liotryphon gauldi sp. nov., holotype, ♀: 32—habitus, lateral. Liotryphon tamajalus sp. nov., paratype, ♀: 33—habitus, lateral; 34—mesosoma and base of metasoma, lateral; 35—metasomal tergites 14, dorsal; 36—apex of ovipositor, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6952230/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Tergites 25 with posterior impunctate 0.25 shining (
<figureCitation id="62932A77FFBCFFC44290F550FC7EFEE7" box="[928,1000,357,379]" captionStart="FIGURES 3236" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-55@25.[151,1436,273,1838]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 3236. Liotryphon gauldi sp. nov., holotype, ♀: 32—habitus, lateral. Liotryphon tamajalus sp. nov., paratype, ♀: 33—habitus, lateral; 34—mesosoma and base of metasoma, lateral; 35—metasomal tergites 14, dorsal; 36—apex of ovipositor, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6952230/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Smaller, body length
<quantity id="3D509B17FFBCFFC445F7F550FAD0FEE6" box="[1223,1350,357,378]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.8" valueMin="8.2">8.210.8 mm</quantity>
and fore wing length 7.0
<quantity id="3D509B17FFBCFFC440B4F5B7FE5BFE04" box="[388,461,386,408]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.2 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="62932A77FFBCFFC440EAF5B7FDB6FE0B" box="[474,544,386,408]" captionStart="FIGURES 3236" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-55@25.[151,1436,273,1838]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 3236. Liotryphon gauldi sp. nov., holotype, ♀: 32—habitus, lateral. Liotryphon tamajalus sp. nov., paratype, ♀: 33—habitus, lateral; 34—mesosoma and base of metasoma, lateral; 35—metasomal tergites 14, dorsal; 36—apex of ovipositor, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6952230/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
).....................................................
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBCFFC44585F5B7FA0AFE0B" bold="true" box="[1205,1436,386,408]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
4.
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBCFFC445FDF5B7FADFFE04" authority="Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino, 2022" authorityName="Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino" authorityYear="2022" box="[1229,1353,386,408]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Liotryphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamajalus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBCFFC445FDF5B7FADFFE04" bold="true" box="[1229,1353,386,408]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">L. tamajalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3EF579BFFBCFFC44460F5B7FA0AFE0B" box="[1360,1436,386,407]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>