301 lines
28 KiB
XML
301 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7615" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6cf677ef-65f4-4e0a-af8e-9f17cc4042ea" ID-PMC="PMC4042699" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-412-117" ID-PubMed="24899865" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-412-117" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 412" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on Cryptamorpha sculptifrons Reitter (Coleoptera, Silvanidae), with description of its larval morphology" checkinTime="1451245836153" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yoshida, Takahiro & Hirowatari, Toshiya" docDate="2014" docId="71896F44ED3FF57272B3FB109B6A7C5B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 412: 117-129" docOrigin="ZooKeys 412" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7615" docTitle="Cryptamorpha sculptifrons Reitter 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="FFEBFF88FFADFF846B36327A034BC603" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on Cryptamorpha sculptifrons Reitter (Coleoptera, Silvanidae), with description of its larval morphology" masterLastPageNumber="129" masterPageNumber="117" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1668158549427" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic notes on Cryptamorpha sculptifrons Reitter (Coleoptera, Silvanidae), with description of its larval morphology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yoshida, Takahiro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hirowatari, Toshiya</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>412</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>117</mods:start>
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<mods:end>129</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7615</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.7615</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-412-117</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053283" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:71896F44ED3FF57272B3FB109B6A7C5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/71896F44ED3FF57272B3FB109B6A7C5B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="119" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="119">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cryptamorpha_sculptifrons" authority="Reitter, 1889" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptamorpha sculptifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptifrons">Cryptamorpha sculptifrons Reitter, 1889</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1-5
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="119" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="119">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptamorpha sculptifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptifrons">Cryptamorpha sculptifrons</taxonomicName>
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Reitter, 1889: 320. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Grouvelle, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="10" pageNumber="127" pagination="315 - 495" title="Coleopteres de la region Indienne. Rhysodidae, Trogositidae, Nitidulidae, Colydiidae, Cucujidae." volume="77" year="1908">Grouvelle 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 474-476. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Grouvelle, A" journalOrPublisher="Societe Entomologiques de France, Paris" pageId="10" pageNumber="127" pagination="39 - 46" title="Memoires Entomologiques. Etudes sur les coleopteres" year="1919">Grouvelle 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 46. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Hetschko, A" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Berlin" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 90" title="Coleopterorum Catalogus" year="1930">Hetschko 1930</bibRefCitation>
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: 89. (catalogue) -
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<bibRefCitation author="Hisamatsu, S" journalOrPublisher="Ageha" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 5" title="Illustrations of the small beetles in Japan [III]." volume="9" year="1961">Hisamatsu 1961</bibRefCitation>
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: 2-3. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Kamiya, H" journalOrPublisher="Tsukushi no Konchu" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" pagination="15 - 18" title="How to identify flat bark beetle (Nihonsan hiratamushi no miwake-kata)." volume="6" year="1961">Kamiya 1961</bibRefCitation>
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: 18, pl. 5. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Sasaji, H" editor="Kurosawa, Y" journalOrPublisher="Hoikusha Publishing, Osaka" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" pagination="202 - 205" title="The Coleoptera of Japan in Color" year="1985">Sasaji 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 205, fig. 36 in pl. 32. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Pal, TK" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" pagination="69 - 82" title="Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel. Coleoptera: Fam. Silvanidae." volume="4" year="1979">Pal and Sen Gupta 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 77, 79, fig. 7. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Sato, M" editor="Hirashima, Y" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" pagination="197 - 538" title="Coleoptera." volumeTitle="A Check List of Japanese Insects" year="1989">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Satô">Sato</normalizedToken>
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1989
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 377. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Halstead, DGH" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="10" pageNumber="127" pagination="496 - 501" title="Silvanidae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 4. Elateroidea - Derodontoidea - Bostrichoidea - Lymexyloidea - Cleroidea - Cucujoidea" year="2007">Halstead et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 497. (catalogue) -
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<bibRefCitation author="Hirano, Y" journalOrPublisher="Kanagawa-chuho" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" pagination="57 - 83" title="Notes on Japanese Silvanidae (Nihonsan hosohiratamushi-ka ni tsuite)." volume="168" year="2009">Hirano 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 62. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Hirano, Y" journalOrPublisher="Roppon-Ashi Entomological Books, Tokyo" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" title="Cucujoidea of Japan Vol. 2 Silvanidae, Byturidae, Biphyllidae." year="2010">Hirano 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 9-10.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" type="adults">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Adults.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Body length from anterior margin of clypeus to apex of elytra measured along the median line: 3.69-4.14 mm (n=14).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Coloration (Fig. 1A). Surface brown, yellowish-brown in some lighter colored specimens. Elytra brown, sometimes slightly lighter than head and pronotum, with a variable round dark macula at each posterior half; elytra of lectotype with dark maculae. Antennae unicolorous, brown, as in head and pronotum.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="119">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="119">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptamorpha sculptifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptifrons">Cryptamorpha sculptifrons</taxonomicName>
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Reitter, 1889, lectotype, male. A Habitus, dorsal view B left antenna C head and pronotum, dorsal view D head and pronotum, ventral view E metaventrite F right elytron G right foreleg, ventral view. Scale: 2.0 mm for A and 1.0 mm for
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–G">B-G</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Head (Fig. 1B, C and D). Triangular, width across eyes 0.76-0.86 mm. Temples immediately narrowed behind eyes, slightly incised at bases, with short setae except around eyes. Eyes relatively small, somewhat prominent, diameter less than half of length of head. Ventral surface with rough irregular punctuation except posterior half; dorsal surface with sparser punctuation. Antennal length 2.07-2.09 mm, 2nd antennomere short; 9th and 10th widened distally; covered with medium length semi-erect pubescence on each antennomere, 11th (apex) with short pubescence; approximate ratio of the length of each antennomere in lectotype as follows: 2.2: 1.0: 1.4: 1.7: 1.8: 1.7: 1.5: 1.5: 1.2: 1.2: 1.8 (Fig. 1B).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">
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Prothorax (Fig. 1C and D). Rectangular, longer than wide, maximum width near middle, length 0.84-1.01 mm, width 0.89-0.95 mm in male (n=8) and 0.91-0.82 mm in fe
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="120" start="start">male</pageBreakToken>
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(n=5). Dorsal surface punctuated moderately densely except around posterior margin. Pubescence composed of many medium length setae on the dorsal side, and several relatively short setae on the ventral side. Each anterior angle with a few very small protuberances, with depressions around posterior angles of ventral surface. Procoxae without punctuation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="120">Elytra (Fig. 1F). Elongate, length 2.38-2.62 mm, combined width 1.22-1.43 mm. Punctures a little wider than interstices, scutellary striole composed of seven or eight punctures. Pubescence composed of semi-erect medium length setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="120">Legs (Fig. 1E and G). Trochanter with a tooth on apical angle of inner margin. Profemora stout, maximum width near middle. Mesotibia curved inwards around apical 1/4.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="3" pageNumber="120">
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Eighth and 9th sternites (Fig. 2A and B). Eighth sternite (Fig. 2A) triangular, furcated near middle, each posterior half semicircular, covered with many medium length
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="121" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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some short setae, membranous around anterior portions. Ninth sternite (Fig. 2B) composed of two curved elements forming a ring: a short posterior semicircular strut strongly curved inwards at each end, connected to a long anterior element by a membrane; the long element strongly curved at middle, with a short dorsally orientated subapical process on each end, and the anterior half broadened.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="121">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="121">
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Figure 2. Male genital organs of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptamorpha sculptifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptifrons">Cryptamorpha sculptifrons</taxonomicName>
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Reitter, 1889, lectotype, male. A 8th sternite, ventral view B 9th sternite C phallobase, dorsal view D parameres, ventral view E penis, dorsal view F internal sac, dorsal view. Scale: 0.5 mm for A, D and 1.0 mm for B, C, E, F.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="4" pageNumber="121">
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Aedeagus (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
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). Parameres (Fig. 2C and D) L-shaped, relatively long, basal portions strongly curved inwards, inner dorsal margin of basal portion with several punctures, several medium length setae sparsely grouped around half of ventral surface,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="122" start="start">one</pageBreakToken>
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or two long, a few medium length and a few short setae on each apex. Phallobase (Fig. 2C) rectangular, longer than wide, membranous around posterior angles, anterior margin of dorsal portion curled up at posterior 2/7, anterior angles protruding anterolaterally; each lateral portion strongly extended posteriorly, exposed from anterior margin of dorsal portion, connecting at posterior 1/3, membranous around anterior margin. Penis (Fig. 2E) elongate, posterior half relatively wide, somewhat flat, moderately punctuated on posterior 1/5, with blunt apex, and dorsal portion thinly extended posteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="sexual dimorphism">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Sexual dimorphism</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 3). Males and females are very similar. However, males can be distinguished from females by the wider pronotum which is comparatively expanded (Fig. 3A) and the strongly impressed central area of the 7th sternite with a small protrusion around middle of posterior margin (Fig. 3B).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="122">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="122">
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Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptamorpha sculptifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptifrons">Cryptamorpha sculptifrons</taxonomicName>
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Reitter, 1889. A, B male C, D female. A, C Head and pronotum, dorsal view; B, D 7th sternite, ventral view. Scale: 1.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="122" type="type series">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="122">Type series.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="122">
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Lectotype here designated: male,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûzenji">Chuzenji</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nikkô">Nikko</normalizedToken>
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City, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan, 19
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–24–VIII–">-24-VIII-</normalizedToken>
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1881, G. Lewis leg. (BMNH). Paralectotype: 1 male, same data as lectotype (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="123" start="start">Specimens</pageBreakToken>
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examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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JAPAN: [Gunma Pref.] 2 females, Hatomachi-Pass, Katashina Village, 29
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–VIII–">-VIII-</normalizedToken>
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1978, Y. Hori leg. (EUMJ). [Nagano Pref.] 1 female, Mt. Kisokomagatake, 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–VII–">-VII-</normalizedToken>
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1960, Y. Kimura leg. (EUMJ). [Yamanashi Pref.] 1 male,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Takizawa-Rindô">Takizawa-Rindo</normalizedToken>
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, Narusawa Village, 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–VIII–">-VIII-</normalizedToken>
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2005, T. Kurihara leg. (EUMJ). [Gifu Pref.] 2 female, 5 male & 1 ex., Nigorigo-Onsen, Gero City, 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–15–VIII–">-15-VIII-</normalizedToken>
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2013, N. Tsuji leg. (ELKU).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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JAPAN: Honshu; China, Bhutan, India (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pal, TK" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" pagination="69 - 82" title="Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel. Coleoptera: Fam. Silvanidae." volume="4" year="1979">Pal and Sen Gupta 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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Syntypes of this species consisted of two specimens. We designate a brownish male specimen as lectotype, and another male yellowish-brown specimen as paralectotype, because the original description expressed their color as
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“testacea”">"testacea"</normalizedToken>
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, which means reddish brown color (
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<bibRefCitation author="Reitter, E" journalOrPublisher="Wiener Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" pagination="299 - 304" title="Verzeichniss der Cucujiden Japans mit beschreibungen neuer arten." volume="8" year="1889">Reitter 1889</bibRefCitation>
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). Type specimens were collected from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûzenji">Chuzenji</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nikkô">Nikko</normalizedToken>
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City, Tochigi. This species was collected from relatively high altitudes, and there is no specimen collected from western Japan.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="mature larva">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="124" start="start">Mature</pageBreakToken>
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larva.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Head capsule width of mature larvae: 0.90-0.96 mm (n=27).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Coloration. Body white to yellowish white. First antennomere, posterior 4/5 of 2nd and anterior half of 3rd somewhat darkened. Frontal arm white. Most setae, base and posterior 2/7 of urogomphi brownish white.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
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Head (Figs 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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, 5A and B). Rectangular, covered with medium length and long setae and several short setae. Frontal arm U-shaped (Figs 4B and 5A). Antenna (Figs 4C
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="125" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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5B) moderately long; 1st antennomere stout but relatively long, apical half covered with relatively short setae; 2nd subparallel, relatively thick, twice as long as 1st, covered with many variable length setae, a short and thick conical sensorium present near apex of inner margin; 3rd less than 1.5 times as long as 1st, covered with many short and a few long setae, a stout and short seta present on apex. Mandibles (Fig. 4D and E) triangular with two acute and one blunt teeth around each apex; a prostheca on anterior 1/3 of each inner margin, anterior angles strongly pointed; molae on bases of inner margins enlarged in anterolateral direction with many minute spines; several fine spines around inner margins of posterior half; a few medium length setae and a long seta on each outer margin. Maxilla (Fig. 4F) oblong; mala diverging at apex, with several short setae on outer margin near apex, inner margin with relatively thick and long setae in a row of which the most apical seta spiniform; stipes with many moderately dense minute spines around inner margin of central dorsal areas; maxillary palpus 3-segmented; 1st spherical and short; 2nd more than twice as long as 1st, with a few long setae on apical portion; 3rd almost as long as 2nd with a few minute spines on apex and some short setae. Labium (Fig. 4G) round, covered with several short setae and a pair of relatively long setae; palpus two segmented, covered with a few short setae, a few very short spines on each apex. Six stemmata on each lateral portion (Fig. 5A).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
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Figure 4. Mature larval morphology of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptamorpha sculptifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptifrons">Cryptamorpha sculptifrons</taxonomicName>
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Reitter, 1889. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, dorsal view; C right antenna, dorsal view D right mandible, ventral view E left mandible, ventral view F right maxilla, dorsal view G labium, ventral view H 8th to 10th abdominal segments, dorsal view I right foreleg, dorsal view. Abbreviations:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="cl–claw">cl-claw</normalizedToken>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="fa–frontal">fa-frontal</normalizedToken>
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arm;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="fe–femur">fe-femur</normalizedToken>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ma–mala">ma-mala</normalizedToken>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="mo–mola">mo-mola</normalizedToken>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="mp–maxillary">mp-maxillary</normalizedToken>
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palpus;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="pr–prostheca">pr-prostheca</normalizedToken>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="sp–stipe">sp-stipe</normalizedToken>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="st–stemmata">st-stemmata</normalizedToken>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ti–tibiotarsus">ti-tibiotarsus</normalizedToken>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="tr–trochanter">tr-trochanter</normalizedToken>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ur–urogomphus">ur-urogomphus</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–">a-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1st antennomere; 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–">a-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2nd antennomere; 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="a–">a-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3rd antennomere; 8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="as–">as-</normalizedToken>
|
||
8th abdominal segment; 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="as–">as-</normalizedToken>
|
||
10th abdominal segment. Scale: a for
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2.0 mm for A, 1.0 mm for B, H, 0.5 mm for
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
and 0.3 mm for G; b for I, 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Figure 5. Mature larval morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptamorpha sculptifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptifrons">Cryptamorpha sculptifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reitter, 1889. A Head, dorsal view B right antenna, dorsal view C 8th to 10th abdominal segments, dorsal view D left foreleg, dorsolateral view E, F urogomphi, dorsal view, basal portion (E) and middle portion (F). Scale: 0.5 mm for
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
and 0.1 mm for E, F.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Thorax and abdomen (Figs 4A, H, 5C, E and F). The shape easily deformed according to their posture. Thoraxes covered with short and medium length setae, a pair of relatively long setae on middle lateral margins, two relatively long setae on anterior angles of prothorax. Abdomen 10-segmented; 1st abdominal segment short, 2nd to 8th rectangular, wider than long, posterior angles of 8th strongly protruding, covered with some variably sized setae on each segment, a long seta on apex of each posterior angle of 8th (Fig. 4H), 9th concealed but urogomphi exposed from under posterior margin of 8th abdominal tergite, less than twice as long as 10th, deeply emarginate around base, a few medium length setae around base and a relatively short seta on middle of each branch, anterior half of each branch scaly (Figs 4H, 5C, E and F), 10th longer than wide, covered with relatively short setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Legs (Figs 4I and 5D). Elongate. Trochanter triangular, covered with a few medium length setae; femur relatively thick, covered with short and medium length setae and one or two long setae around inner margin; tibiotarsus elongate, curved strongly inwards around base, covered with many medium length setae and a relatively stout seta around apex; claw elongate, weakly curved inwards, apex pointed, with two short setae.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="125" type="specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
27 exs. (two specimens were examined with slide preparation, and two specimens with a SEM), Nigorigo-Onsen, Gero City, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, 14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–15–VIII–">-15-VIII-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2013, N. Tsuji leg. (ELKU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="125" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
According to Mr. Tsuji (pers. comm.), the mature larvae were collected from dead leaves of Southern Japanese hemlock
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga sieboldii" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sieboldii">Tsuga sieboldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
with their adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="8" pageNumber="125" type="identification">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="125">Identification.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="8" pageNumber="125">
|
||
The examined larvae were collected with adult individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptamorpha sculptifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptifrons">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="126" start="start">Cryptamorpha</pageBreakToken>
|
||
sculptifrons
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They were identified as a member of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brontinae">Brontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the generic key to the known larvae of some cucujoid families (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thomas, MC" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" pagination="81 - 89" title="Generic key to the known larvae of the Cucujidae, Passandridae, and Silvanidae of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera)." url="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/496" volume="2" year="1988">Thomas 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larvae of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptamorpha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptamorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from those of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammoecus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Psammoecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of urogomphi on the 9th abdominal segment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pal, TK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Zoological Survey of India" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 54" title="A revision of Indian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)." volume="71" year="1985">Pal 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hayashi, N" journalOrPublisher="House and Household Insect Pests" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" pagination="102 - 131" title="Illustritions for identification of larvae of the superfamily Cucujoidea (Coleoptera) found in mouldy stored foods in Japan." volume="14" year="1992">Hayashi 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptamorpha sculptifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptifrons">Cryptamorpha sculptifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptamorpha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptamorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
species distributed in mainland Japan. On the basis of this data, we identified the collected larvae as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptamorpha sculptifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptifrons">Cryptamorpha sculptifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |