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<document id="B97B0D95A010E9F719E9DDA1C69431FB" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561" ID-ZooBank="0E173F72-36D3-4B97-BC43-F096067A3D1E" ID-publisher-id="132561" URI-arpha="D43572E8-1035-521E-817F-77B73A520DC2" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/0E173F72-36D3-4B97-BC43-F096067A3D1E" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1729868652905" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wang, Bing, Li, Jinglin, Li, Shuqiang &amp; Yao, Zhiyuan" docDate="2024" docId="712BAFCCAD3F56E596F490BDE5164A50" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1216: 265-302" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1216" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/132561/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Belisana liupanshui Wang, S. Li &amp; Yao 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4C5D21CD-86E7-43FA-B974-0235DB601B2B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="302" masterDocId="D43572E81035521E817F77B73A520DC2" masterDocTitle="Nine new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of species of the genus from Guizhou, southwestern China" masterLastPageNumber="302" masterPageNumber="265" pageNumber="265" updateTime="1729876391189" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="FCF1787F8ED81FAE98E8D954650C6DC8">Nine new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of species of the genus from Guizhou, southwestern China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D3770FF980520F7CAFC9A5DB2A15FD7E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A41F09FE84B6D9C536E8A065E3C8BFB2">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="540AAAEA8C18531EF1B0611E1CB799C3">Wang, Bing</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8AC1E88119B12867E263428C4D248E72" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7047-4395</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="494F59C9107377EA9C273403B0CA70F9">College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="2BC04A4730F17CDFF54699F37CCE8012">Li, Jinglin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3DFB6BF8B30DA8F217591FCA7C6AAE98" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3932-309X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6A9EC40A2CC4A51DEF8B44DEC54968E3">College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="A6478C5CEAB28A4C1264CBE04A338DDA">Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="72C48EB5CE92A2FC512A0BD8E1AC60FC" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3290-5416</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="EA746F59008351DBB6AF7CE0AC296FCA">Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="DAB40BE3A522E7615CE5E24163387CBB">Yao, Zhiyuan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B1340EC49D3BE813C85A83A3FBD2A492" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1631-0949</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="16406605546F5C4577E423465302004C">College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:date id="2CD715CD7A382CCBB718523FFA445C48">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F5A417ED353343A83F897F99DD959036">2024-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ABCD797C2E207D0EC330D14FD3235C86">1216</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D56E1A535C36139FCCD1F544AD155991" type="ZooBank">0E173F72-36D3-4B97-BC43-F096067A3D1E</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="712BAFCCAD3F56E596F490BDE5164A50" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13992754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13992754" ID-arpha="712BAFCC-AD3F-56E5-96F4-90BDE5164A50" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/4C5D21CD-86E7-43FA-B974-0235DB601B2B" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4C5D21CD-86E7-43FA-B974-0235DB601B2B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4C5D21CD-86E7-43FA-B974-0235DB601B2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/712BAFCCAD3F56E596F490BDE5164A50">
<subSubSection id="4899A9AC8A444D31ADA8FEC7D7D0BEB1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6DC84B9D4CCC7C5950D8522441A22D9A">
<taxonomicName id="C9B5BBD4BCC4B98A318381F463949790" authority="Wang, S. Li &amp; Yao" authorityName="Wang, S. Li &amp; Yao" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liupanshui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FDBF38DE3F752B5194A9DC75A97B0674" italics="true">Belisana liupanshui</emphasis>
Wang, S. Li &amp; Yao
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CA1448E504A4A134B0FBC4B95EA91A" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8F551FBB422E51D000B0C240B6CEEAAC" type="description">
<paragraph id="0D8D78DD6E65B118869FE3DAD24CC101">
<figureCitation id="1525D0FE0A877FC21F20B328D022E914" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous process, arrow 2 points at sclerotized distal apophysis, arrow 3 points at subdistal membranous process, arrow 4 points at dorso-subdistal membranous process D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, f = flap, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161049">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C1236654CEDCCEA5359B4400DFC92022" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9FE620DDBE51BFAE775593B27C6717EE" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F07B1031E0D61BFB7D38AC1642CA099" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 C, D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQFAG" type="type material">
<paragraph id="71A98CA76B7A03B4488E8544A9C7C6FE">
<heading id="2608CB5B734A8713F706E42A2962CE81" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E5752E24DD77B0D41AD8CBED375838F">
<materialsCitation id="CC50D20051049D93145524957EFD9B33" collectingDate="2007-04-13" collectionCode="IZCAS" collectorName="J. Liu &amp; Y. Lin" country="China" county="Pan County" elevation="1468" latitude="25.77545" location="Biyun Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.63797" municipality="Liupanshui" specimenCode="Ar 45181" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guizhou" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="6B04D45260A8436AD4DF6C6AF78A486A" bold="true">
<emphasis id="D276D23952883B5403234F57BEF5B8AE" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="EA9AA53BC3D3F77F11ED37DEF836E536" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="D8E1ABF83339A02D8775DF9E65472D1F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="FE156E73BCBDDB8FC426691A64F3F0E2" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="28D48CA47F65DE6DE008D2FBB0CAB2D9" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="75271D86FBCE91833B0B8240A1B0B59C">Liupanshui</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="D229C65691F23584A61A2D98B1CD92C3">Pan County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="691C3578037771BB65B0A7A48387E40D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:712BAFCCAD3F56E596F490BDE5164A50:691C3578037771BB65B0A7A48387E40D" country="China" county="Pan County" latitude="25.77545" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.63797" municipality="Liupanshui" name="Biyun Cave" stateProvince="Guizhou">Biyun Cave</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E5FAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[104.637967,25.775450]}">
<geoCoordinate id="024997FBFE95AFA324EEF83C575791BF" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="46.527" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="25.77545">25 ° 46.527 ' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8FF73DB1D586E13EBC3DD947F46A1C99" degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="38.278" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="104.63797">104 ° 38.278 ' E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
; alt.
<quantity id="6F9888C94E21D647F97963E540A531F1" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.468" unit="m" value="1468.0">
<elevation id="02C708B385B014D2F272161FC38C08FD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.468" unit="m" value="1468.0">1468 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="B01A95B04622E0209C224FF31BE7AFA3" value="2007-04-13">
<collectingDate id="EF2F1A4F84552A3F5527BB2B24328223" value="2007-04-13">13 Apr. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="B35AAD0C9D76797C79C45D405153257F">J. Liu</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="10C42A5BD7863DFF8C95BBD845F15689">Y. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<named-content id="8EB989026258B8EC429B5406A7A287BA" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/institute-zoology-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="0E40420702B321A2ADCD8532F0FFBC5D" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="">IZCAS</collectionCode>
</named-content>
-
<specimenCode id="811BB90BF2F0EA815102B74AED0C95CC">Ar 45181</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="C26F8C60045453602DB5882323B0EADF" collectingDate="2007-04-13" collectionCode="IZCAS" collectorName="J. Liu &amp; Y. Lin" country="China" county="Pan County" elevation="1468" latitude="25.77545" location="China" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.63797" municipality="Liupanshui" specimenCode="Ar 45182" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Guizhou" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="C71D53FA3D7E87109A24B6E2693A147F" bold="true">
<emphasis id="B5B3B29B85C7F6989631C2B5009D4B4A" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="003871FCC53317FD68BABD4A44B517D0" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="7F206B3EFFF60F8E2D18EF27C0216B4B" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="B1F54AE602EB3307D1D42028BB020400" count="5" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
; same data as for holotype;
<named-content id="E20278925E1C10AEA98AECF25CD3CCDF" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/institute-zoology-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="4E4438925AD47187D5BCC47448C2DD0E" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="">IZCAS</collectionCode>
</named-content>
-
<specimenCode id="3A3A12FB733070F3C5BB3BDD1F17E3C4">Ar 45182</specimenCode>
–86
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="821E1533BFEE681E68A6D404F8096497" collectingDate="2007-04-13" collectionCode="IZCAS" collectorName="J. Liu &amp; Y. Lin" country="China" county="Pan County" elevation="1468" latitude="25.77545" location="Biyun Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.63797" municipality="Liupanshui" specimenCode="Ar 45187" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7" stateProvince="Guizhou" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="D9E8A453007C697E7510FB43BAB4D990" count="7" type="female">7 ♀</specimenCount>
; same data as for holotype;
<named-content id="02AD61A242C299FB32D3183F42D04F32" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/institute-zoology-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="1123D24E4AC11AB3F01DCE9A3CE64CD3" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="">IZCAS</collectionCode>
</named-content>
-
<specimenCode id="F5591A02DEA5202363F244A6BB03EFA6">Ar 45187</specimenCode>
–93
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETGAG" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AADA308AB34FCF14BE6964AD9069D11B">
<heading id="066688C3CE4C1A69550DBA48671E334B" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A918459E692D7CD2F9A719DBE774F7A">
The new species resembles
<taxonomicName id="2DF17F95FEC28E4D52125495159BDCD8" authority="Zhang, Li &amp; Yao, 2024" authorityName="Zhang, Li &amp; Yao" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiuxiang">
<emphasis id="FBED8F1D917220A16B8819EE0D48C230" italics="true">B. jiuxiang</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B604F2E90649F2B0C3EAE8BF3F68125E" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951" author="Zhang L &amp; Wang Y &amp; Li S &amp; Zhang X &amp; Yao Z" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="315-330" refId="B23" refString="Zhang L, Wang Y, Li S, Zhang X, Yao Z (2024 a) Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1209.127951" title="Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China." volume="1209" year="2024">Zhang, Li &amp; Yao, 2024</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="889317E359071D85C9556B614895DFC3" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633" author="Zhang L &amp; Wu Z &amp; Li S &amp; Yao Z" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="255-286" refId="B24" refString="Zhang L, Wu Z, Li S, Yao Z (2024 b) Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1202: 255–286. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633" title="Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China." volume="1202">Zhang et al. 2024 b</bibRefCitation>
: 261, figs 4 A – D, 5 A – H, 18 C, D, 20 C, D) by having similar male chelicerae (distal apophyses directed towards frontally, but tips pointing inwards; Fig.
<figureCitation id="C1E76D883037462ADC5E63AE85A7C7ED" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 D</figureCitation>
) and epigyne (epigynal pockets on median part of epigynal plate, epigynal plate posteriorly straight; Figs
<figureCitation id="1CCC0B638415EE2489C53AB3EA4E9395" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="048A643D210A7A4106A77EE7749BB6A4" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 C</figureCitation>
), but can be distinguished by procursus with prolatero-subdistal and subdistal membranous processes (arrows 1,
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Figs
<figureCitation id="A61E636B14D349E202879F14D1979035" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous process, arrow 2 points at sclerotized distal apophysis, arrow 3 points at subdistal membranous process, arrow 4 points at dorso-subdistal membranous process D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, f = flap, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161049">4 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="829268CCC07B7F07CCA145765BB7873A" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 C</figureCitation>
vs absent) and nearly rectangle dorso-subdistal membranous process (arrow
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Figs
<figureCitation id="D815795C1AF5E77D420047816EE50DCF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous process, arrow 2 points at sclerotized distal apophysis, arrow 3 points at subdistal membranous process, arrow 4 points at dorso-subdistal membranous process D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, f = flap, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161049">4 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BDDF15F772F2B942A9B2866938FBA02D" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 C</figureCitation>
vs angular), by bulbal apophysis with angular subdistal apophysis (arrow in Fig.
<figureCitation id="FCC5048EC3AC3E82C856077108E5349B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 C</figureCitation>
vs absent), and by vulval pore plates anteriorly narrow and posteriorly wide (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIIAG" xlink_title="pore plate">pp</abbrev>
in Figs
<figureCitation id="89F96CA3F4FB65C749D4F2EE28038359" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1395F1BDD43F16287260CC6742E35F8" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 D</figureCitation>
vs nearly quadrilateral).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B8CD2AA21BE39117F222BAF9CEE43D59" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure4" ID-arpha="E702CAC1-FD7E-5170-A72E-478483A649AD" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161049" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="E7FDF7BB1D596074B96B3627A6C0E990">
<label id="1BEECAA0CB22C21302CFE85A56B667D6">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8141F3CCDA81B87B83EF5CB7B1AA2EA3">
<taxonomicName id="ED3B19467C7783AC0477CB4DFA73F456" authorityName="Wang &amp; Li &amp; Li &amp; Yao" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liupanshui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="170FAC3DA57CE760402451C0087FB786" italics="true">Belisana liupanshui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="981678FCF51F35BB4AAD87D0E4F58BAA" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype male
<emphasis id="924D3000F4EE5D46B985E1735B7D1F13" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
palp (
<emphasis id="977ED521C733295D56E17CC3E13E0789" bold="true">A</emphasis>
prolateral view
<emphasis id="B03F53BBBE3856AEDD34A691302096F8" bold="true">B</emphasis>
retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion)
<emphasis id="99F685D6758BCF3C6B8EDECC0B7DFAA5" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
distal part of procursus (
<emphasis id="34A5E06B405FF334A7152ED2496A1973" bold="true">C</emphasis>
prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous process, arrow 2 points at sclerotized distal apophysis, arrow 3 points at subdistal membranous process, arrow 4 points at dorso-subdistal membranous process
<emphasis id="1A6C4039CE812ED29AB421C39F161066" bold="true">D</emphasis>
retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETJAG" xlink_title="bulbal apophysis">ba</abbrev>
= bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, f = flap,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXJAG" xlink_title="procursus">pr</abbrev>
= procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (
<emphasis id="F6E6DF9004037792886BC5A3D5E5DDDE" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
); 0.05 (
<emphasis id="80524C6525D1477A0A249F53E2CCD69E" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="14AAB5F5B4D402D80156C7D881C84F1E" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" ID-arpha="A6AE6C75-0E8A-5AB3-A8EB-DA1C1B109061" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="4DCEA1B8B359F3B716B5A7A06B01D3EF">
<label id="7B81DCE26EDE2607DDCE48F26BB0BE7A">Figure 5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F62ACF19167A1F35418C1BA68B7FE08F">
<taxonomicName id="62D96D6BF326781E1B82714A34AED650" authorityName="Wang &amp; Li &amp; Li &amp; Yao" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liupanshui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="215CA534E117FD7F4D41BBE067235225" italics="true">Belisana liupanshui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D76997A5AB773FAC9EACBC88DFCA3C64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype male (
<emphasis id="4C30E13DA29C55796F3EFA682D19B62D" bold="true">C – F</emphasis>
) and paratype female (
<emphasis id="F4C2E307FD8AE9420423B91E4555D742" bold="true">A, B, G, H</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="19FC24403C0AAE792CF9E1F87E2A3740" bold="true">A</emphasis>
epigyne, ventral view
<emphasis id="BEE69759B826CE6F79DFA3A41EE5B285" bold="true">B</emphasis>
vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite
<emphasis id="B064F72DFA904979F05FD4C4FF043A04" bold="true">C</emphasis>
bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis
<emphasis id="B76B7E910E79AF7FCFED00A295F60DEE" bold="true">D</emphasis>
chelicerae, frontal view
<emphasis id="FEBA3338C93DC6402F5ED4A4A539FF0F" bold="true">E – H</emphasis>
habitus (
<emphasis id="1AAA879AD37049CD4DB418075CEF4708" bold="true">E, G</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="5FD123114608C14066B9CEBD77F01D6C" bold="true">F</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="CF847B9DF70D6BC4A9F827F6B6098B92" bold="true">H</emphasis>
ventral view). Abbreviations:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELLAG" xlink_title="anterior arch">aa</abbrev>
= anterior arch, b = bulb,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPLAG" xlink_title="bulbal apophysis">ba</abbrev>
= bulbal apophysis,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETLAG" xlink_title="distal apophysis">da</abbrev>
= distal apophysis, e = embolus,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXLAG" xlink_title="epigynal pocket">ep</abbrev>
= epigynal pocket,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2LAG" xlink_title="proximo-lateral apophysis">pa</abbrev>
= proximo-lateral apophysis,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6LAG" xlink_title="pore plate">pp</abbrev>
= pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (
<emphasis id="7319FBE3D7A5469EE8FF22AD2CE99C97" bold="true">A – D</emphasis>
); 0.50 (
<emphasis id="211A3D98D3815FFA0EA0B28A5DF69953" bold="true">E – H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMMAG" type="description">
<paragraph id="32B7742ADBDA310DDE93DA3E03AE3EDC">
<heading id="D3C6FC3500CFBFFFF4D016D0E826FFE6" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E9D8FFE9E55F9419A8B030C1F60FA481">
<emphasis id="1D8FF137C7624D2888B7F706A756364F" bold="true">Male</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E7E1BC355F42AB366160DED72EAC2C5B" bold="true">
<typeStatus id="9A95CB83E71FEDA60EAB1B0C2966A140" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
): Total length 1.71 (1.79 with clypeus), prosoma 0.63 long, 0.67 wide, opisthosoma 1.08 long, 0.81 wide. Leg I: – (4.04, 0.29, 4.50, 5.96, –), leg II: 11.08 (2.80, 0.30, 2.97, 3.92, 1.09), leg III: 7.98 (2.22, 0.25, 1.98, 2.72, 0.81), leg IV: 10.20 (3.00, 0.26, 2.63, 3.45, 0.86); tibia I
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWMAG" xlink_title="length/diameter">L / d</abbrev>
: 63. Eye interdistances and diameters:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1MAG" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
–
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5MAG" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
0.09,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECNAG" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
0.08,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGNAG" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
–
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKNAG" xlink_title="anterior lateral eye">ALE</abbrev>
0.02. Sternum width / length: 0.51 / 0.44. Habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="83AC0C15117BFBDAA33D5A8A5DD0166D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 E, F</figureCitation>
. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellowish, with brownish radiating marks; clypeus brownish; sternum yellowish. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, without spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESNAG" xlink_title="proximo-lateral apophysis">pa</abbrev>
in Fig.
<figureCitation id="CCD45BB41D1C6955C9DE335E97501F01" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 D</figureCitation>
) and pair of curved distal apophyses (distance between tips: 0.17;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1NAG" xlink_title="distal apophysis">da</abbrev>
in Fig.
<figureCitation id="633D8A8038538CC08F3B89C5B6EF7540" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 D</figureCitation>
). Palp as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="2027EF5C5B05DC274EAB7E10E970D985" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous process, arrow 2 points at sclerotized distal apophysis, arrow 3 points at subdistal membranous process, arrow 4 points at dorso-subdistal membranous process D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, f = flap, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161049">4 A, B</figureCitation>
; trochanter with ventral apophysis (as long as wide, arrow
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Fig.
<figureCitation id="8DFE1A7840E2D130FFD03DDC9BB6971F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous process, arrow 2 points at sclerotized distal apophysis, arrow 3 points at subdistal membranous process, arrow 4 points at dorso-subdistal membranous process D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, f = flap, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161049">4 B</figureCitation>
); femur with retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow
<quantity id="A99075542A46DBCBB98ECE11B4F68ABE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
Fig.
<figureCitation id="1FC710F1273E69881D76B675DB57A3C3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous process, arrow 2 points at sclerotized distal apophysis, arrow 3 points at subdistal membranous process, arrow 4 points at dorso-subdistal membranous process D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, f = flap, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161049">4 B</figureCitation>
); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with prolatero-subdistal membranous process (arrow
<quantity id="20C05033E6A069AA8E69110DC6672EC0" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
Figs
<figureCitation id="AB4DF5AF4FDC8723191B8A5918846E63" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous process, arrow 2 points at sclerotized distal apophysis, arrow 3 points at subdistal membranous process, arrow 4 points at dorso-subdistal membranous process D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, f = flap, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161049">4 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B45C78A2D9910258014B95F363AD801A" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 C</figureCitation>
), sclerotized distal apophysis (arrow
<quantity id="50A0588F042C96DA0DC21E56C91468FE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
Figs
<figureCitation id="753B3EB368E5C5869153302AD1DA504A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous process, arrow 2 points at sclerotized distal apophysis, arrow 3 points at subdistal membranous process, arrow 4 points at dorso-subdistal membranous process D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, f = flap, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161049">4 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="AA3FB579DC3FAD559DD856751F3A3A8D" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 C</figureCitation>
), subdistal membranous process (arrow
<quantity id="2D5370EEE6139AA3A78127FDE037B1A3" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
Figs
<figureCitation id="79092CA5A8787BB3E924086B1BBA9B5C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous process, arrow 2 points at sclerotized distal apophysis, arrow 3 points at subdistal membranous process, arrow 4 points at dorso-subdistal membranous process D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, f = flap, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161049">4 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8768EFD28E3086A31F16FB165A73EC38" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 C</figureCitation>
), dorso-subdistal membranous process (arrow
<quantity id="35E53E836435ACD82E0F9FA97B032F00" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
Figs
<figureCitation id="F37D97A2ECDAA923B62D820D5F44BB6C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous process, arrow 2 points at sclerotized distal apophysis, arrow 3 points at subdistal membranous process, arrow 4 points at dorso-subdistal membranous process D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, f = flap, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161049">4 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="AF2B340EAA2C0CD5D46D4963BC667159" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 C</figureCitation>
), and retrolateral membranous flap (f in Figs
<figureCitation id="E4844B1FCB236E707BBD5EC93E4A72C5" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male A, B palp (A prolateral view B retrolateral view, arrow 1 points at ventral apophysis, arrow 2 points at retrolatero-proximal protrusion) C, D distal part of procursus (C prolateral view, arrow 1 points at prolatero-subdistal membranous process, arrow 2 points at sclerotized distal apophysis, arrow 3 points at subdistal membranous process, arrow 4 points at dorso-subdistal membranous process D retrolateral view). Abbreviations: b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, e = embolus, f = flap, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A, B); 0.05 (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161049">4 D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EEA71220253C5C57477E2CCF99009D01" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Procursus in prolateral and retrolateral views (The arrows point at the same structures as those shown in the photos of each species) A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov. C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov. E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov. I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov. K, L B. xiuwen sp. nov. Abbreviation: f = flap. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161067">22 D</figureCitation>
); bulb with hooked apophysis bearing angular subdistal apophysis (arrow in Fig.
<figureCitation id="6349FB5380D4FC6DF5010B050324D7EC" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 C</figureCitation>
) and simple embolus (e in Fig.
<figureCitation id="1104BAF421D0D6CB8C6DB9F7B4398BE9" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 C</figureCitation>
). Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 4 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A6A6D4F55C382BD85448DB17CEFEAEE">
<emphasis id="6072EFC497E005015A72560DF7CB1D25" bold="true">Female</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="FB5432FE0A08D50E065719DE6C8006D1" bold="true">
<typeStatus id="9DD348416A5A11A712B10516381AF35A" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
,
<named-content id="3E465C863B5CFE07724AECA36398860A" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/institute-zoology-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="6EF17E42322B4B259E8B8375AF6F845D" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="">IZCAS</collectionCode>
</named-content>
-
<specimenCode id="6DC4ABEF25AE776DF91BF962F58F71BD">Ar 45187</specimenCode>
): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="1552EE826213FF919B8E05AEE784B7C4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 G, H</figureCitation>
. Total length 2.53 (2.65 with clypeus), prosoma 0.67 long, 0.75 wide, opisthosoma 1.86 long, 1.80 wide; tibia I: 4.05; tibia I
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMQAG" xlink_title="length/diameter">L / d</abbrev>
: 51. Eye interdistances and diameters:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQQAG" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
–
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUQAG" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
0.11,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYQAG" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
0.07,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3QAG" xlink_title="posterior median eye">PME</abbrev>
–
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EARAG" xlink_title="anterior lateral eye">ALE</abbrev>
0.02. Sternum width / length: 0.52 / 0.46. Epigyne simple and flat, posteriorly straight, with pair of median pockets 0.20 apart (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EERAG" xlink_title="epigynal pocket">ep</abbrev>
in Figs
<figureCitation id="9AA48F5F8BC2A0D3A4A3577C4FB1B322" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D1D07C093A5D2E94D4EDCC66C873087A" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 C</figureCitation>
). Vulva with ridge-shaped anterior arch bearing pair of angular lateral sclerites (arrow in Figs
<figureCitation id="2E4DFDECF8984C8A94D5D3B5EB342F03" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="28B7E9AA7D8BE0D3007837F8677FCC05" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 D</figureCitation>
), and pair of anteriorly narrow and posteriorly wide pore plates (3 × longer than wide,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYRAG" xlink_title="pore plate">pp</abbrev>
in Figs
<figureCitation id="DC35E15C3454A525276B0B5A77C44FB0" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Belisana liupanshui sp. nov., holotype male (C – F) and paratype female (A, B, G, H) A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view, arrow points at lateral sclerite C bulb, prolateral view, arrow points at subdistal apophysis D chelicerae, frontal view E – H habitus (E, G dorsal view F lateral view H ventral view). Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ep = epigynal pocket, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A – D); 0.50 (E – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161050">5 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CE8BAE064C33E1F1F120DD8DDA1BE054" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Female genitalia in ventral and dorsal views A, B Belisana bijie sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite C, D B. liupanshui sp. nov., arrow points at lateral sclerite E, F B. majiang sp. nov. G, H B. nayong sp. nov I, J B. qixingguan sp. nov., arrow points at sclerotized protrusion. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arch, ep = epigynal pocket, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161069">24 D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EESAG" type="variation">
<paragraph id="D953FF495054EA2C18F4181221B96C9E">
<heading id="7A92977E0F3922046931AD8075DDEDCD" reason="title">Variation.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3347591B5C5FCFECA7A37C4C8D03BC2">
Tibia I in
<specimenCount id="355379DF6E0A0C87589B635A6D707B64" count="5" type="male">five male</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="2C72787974D1B7C820567FB8687097EC" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<named-content id="2A8B61300CFA028CAE46558A4DFA18F1" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/institute-zoology-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="5AD4A990CC1140397D1D2B680678A6AD" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="">IZCAS</collectionCode>
</named-content>
-
<specimenCode id="99949055BE900C8E20B0F0B8D591977C">Ar 45182</specimenCode>
–86): 4.50, 4.55, 4.62, 4.65, 4.70. Tibia I in the other
<specimenCount id="B8E45A022DBD210E6EF363979100BCF2" count="6" type="female">six female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="9A539465CBEE62F01ED09F27B8A17795" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<named-content id="1D6A30390D720CA8F192BC04C34F48CC" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/institute-zoology-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="A13C4BF642A7371CA313E2EC2C25B1B8" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="">IZCAS</collectionCode>
</named-content>
-
<specimenCode id="436FAC6A5733EA70D228D62180CD2A9C">Ar 45188</specimenCode>
–93): 3.56–3.85.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESSAG" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="94CB0BACC8C3E255CD84689C65CAB04F">
<heading id="89255928F357ED47DD7CB2020F6693A8" reason="title">Habitat.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B54661AADE617FA1D17D88C96912E0E">The species was found in the dark zone inside the cave.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXSAG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2AA04B5F688569AEBB9BE71A517C54CD">
<heading id="F926A53C5B19A12B25ED5C952B9A80D3" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C1150A9463AAB4E93D6D57565D3B5569">
<collectingCountry id="8627D060A86B2A30213E699AF78FDA82" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="61F94E39369DE4EB91D27D5129EDF531" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
, type locality; Fig.
<figureCitation id="5648E21C7D30CD944ABB67DD805DB007" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution records of the Belisana species from Guizhou, China 1 Belisana bijie sp. nov. 2 B. daji Chen, Zhang &amp; Zhu, 2009 3 B. douqing Chen, Zhang &amp; Zhu, 2009 4 B. galeiformis Zhang &amp; Peng, 2011 5 B. lii Chen, Yu &amp; Guo, 2016 6 B. liupanshui sp. nov. 7 B. majiang sp. nov. 8 B. nayong sp. nov. 9 B. qixingguan sp. nov. 10 B. wangchengi Wang, Yao &amp; Zhang, 2024 11 B. xishui Chen, Zhang &amp; Zhu, 2009 12 B. xiuwen sp. nov. 13 B. yanhe Chen, Zhang &amp; Zhu, 2009 14 B. yongcong sp. nov. 15 B. yuhaoi Yang &amp; Yao, 2023 16 B. zhangi Tong &amp; Li, 2007 17 B. zhouxi sp. nov. 18 B. zunyi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132561.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1161046">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBTAG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="93A7A4340BC561C47F82974678B04245">
<heading id="B5853D0C5D0797D79A851D5CD9D7137B" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="899940863F4CA085FFE4241A6932D052">The specific name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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