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<document id="E6EF4B2AB1C9361A7098CF7609E9FD7E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.211302" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d849f41f-5ac9-4f89-83dc-aad867ff8719" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="211302" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460502478852" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fu, Xinhua, Ballantyne, Lesley &amp; Lambkin, Christine" docDate="2012" docId="712794580B60C031FF3FFA5A80AAF876" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03405p034.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3405" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Luciola cruciata Motsch." docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="8D1EEC200B6DC03FFFA8FFE48238FFF8" masterDocTitle="The external larval morphology of aquatic and terrestrial Luciolinae fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698312078808" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FDD8112B93203AB0BA1D4C5BE18A9299">The external larval morphology of aquatic and terrestrial Luciolinae fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="68D19F49F74E6E2A5076911805E3A328">Fu, Xinhua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A1960A8B46956531709B8FAC7BD35403">Ballantyne, Lesley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9EEDA0F6B21FAA266F09B142783AA2BE">Lambkin, Christine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4EEBB205D8DBB6EBB4391D89B68B889C">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="712794580B60C031FF3FFA5A80AAF876" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5324662" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119521736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5324662" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:712794580B60C031FF3FFA5A80AAF876" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/712794580B60C031FF3FFA5A80AAF876" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="B19476C50B60C032FF3FFA5A83AAFA01" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F931254E0B60C032FF3FFA5A83F1FA20" blockId="13.[151,457,1470,1529]" box="[151,457,1470,1496]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="A27992220B60C032FF3FFA5A83F1FA20" bold="true" box="[151,457,1470,1496]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B60C032FF3FFA5A83F1FA20" ID-CoL="3WCQ7" authority="Motsch." authorityName="Motsch." box="[151,457,1470,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B60C032FF3FFA5A83F1FA20" bold="true" box="[151,457,1470,1496]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B60C032FF3FFA5A8366FA20" bold="true" box="[151,350,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Luciola cruciata</emphasis>
Motsch.
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F931254E0B60C032FF3FFA0583AAFA01" blockId="13.[151,457,1470,1529]" box="[151,402,1505,1529]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 2530, 69, 81, 82</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B19476C50B60C032FF3FF9CD8188F9A6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F931254E0B60C032FF3FF9CD8188F9A6" blockId="13.[151,1437,1577,1630]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D99E02600B60C032FF3FF9CD8188F9A6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B60C032FF3FF9CD8015F9C7" ID-CoL="3WCQ7" authority="Motschulsky, 1854:53" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,557,1577,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B60C032FF3FF9CD8378F9C7" box="[151,320,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Luciola cruciata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B60C032FEE0F9CD8015F9C7" author="Motschulsky" box="[328,557,1577,1599]" page="53" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1854">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B60C032FEE0F9CD8037F9C7" author="Motschulsky" box="[328,527,1577,1599]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Motschulsky, V. de (1854) Lampyrides. Etudes Entomologiques, III, 47 - 62." type="book chapter" year="1854">Motschulsky, 1854</bibRefCitation>
:53
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. For economy of scale the references in
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B60C032FC79F9CE868DF9C7" author="McDermott" box="[977,1205,1577,1599]" page="102" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B60C032FC79F9CE86B3F9C7" author="McDermott" box="[977,1163,1577,1599]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="McDermott, F. A. (1966) Lampyridae Pars. 9. Coleopterorum Catalogus (Junk-Schenkling) (Ed. Sec), 1 - 149 (Luciolini, 98 - 118)." type="journal article" year="1966">McDermott, 1966</bibRefCitation>
:102
</treatmentCitation>
are not repeated here.
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B60C032FF6FF9AC83B6F9A6" author="Bertrand" box="[199,398,1608,1630]" page="599" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B60C032FF6FF9AC835AF9A6" author="Bertrand" box="[199,354,1608,1630]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Bertrand, H. P. 1. (1972) Larves et Nymphes des Coleopteres Aquatiques du Globe. Paris, 804 pp. (Lampyridae, 598 - 603)." type="book chapter" year="1972">Bertrand, 1972</bibRefCitation>
:599
</treatmentCitation>
, 601; 1973
<figureCitation id="61B539CB0B60C032FDACF9AC807AF9A6" box="[516,578,1608,1630]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 12" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1641,1664]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7 12. Aq. ficta larva, SEM. 7 tracheal gills and eversible organs, first and second abdominal segments from above; 8 non-functional spiracle at base of tracheal gill; 9 12 various protuberances on surface of eversible organs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211303/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
. Ohba, 2001:45. Fu
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B60C032FCB8F9AD8105F9A6" box="[784,829,1608,1630]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
. 2009:155.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B19476C50B60C032FF3FF96E875DF93E" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F931254E0B60C032FF3FF96E875DF93E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1674,2023]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B60C032FF3FF96E8345F95B" bold="true" box="[151,381,1674,1699]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B60C032FE27F96E83D1F95B" bold="true" box="[399,489,1674,1699]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectingCountry id="819965DE0B60C032FE27F96E83D1F95B" box="[399,489,1674,1699]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Five fifth instars bred from an original population of three males and a female collected from Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo,
<date id="8D30038E0B60C032FB90F94B86FEF93E" box="[1080,1222,1710,1734]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2008-06-05">June 5, 2008</date>
(NHMHAU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B19476C50B60C031FF6FF9368043FF2C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F931254E0B60C031FF6FF9368043FF2C" blockId="13.[151,1436,1674,2023]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B60C032FF6FF9368302F913" bold="true" box="[199,314,1746,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Similar to larvae of
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B60C032FD8EF93780B3F913" box="[550,651,1747,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Aquatica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B60C032FD8EF93780B3F913" box="[550,651,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., distinguished by the dorsal colour patterns, especially that of the protergum; protergum with extensive median dark area narrowly prolonged in the middle along anterior and posterior margins; dark area may extend to sides; most of posterior half of thoracic terga obliquely pale across corners and narrowly across posterior margin; pale areas across posterior margins of most abdominal terga restricted to 2 separate areas with the outer area larger; median line wide (maximum width across abdominal terga 3, 4), and terga widely separated (Figs 81, 82;
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B60C032FE5AF8628046F866" author="Okada" box="[498,638,1926,1950]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Okada, Y. K. (1928) Two Japanese aquatic glowworms. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 76, 101 - 107." type="journal article" year="1928">Okada 1928</bibRefCitation>
, Fig 1a, Plate VIII E); eversible organs when everted with anterior and posterior branches longer and thinner than those of
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B60C032FD75F84F8117F83B" box="[733,815,1963,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leii">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B60C032FD75F84F8117F83B" box="[733,815,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Aq. leii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B60C032FCFEF84F81D8F83B" box="[854,992,1963,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B60C032FCFEF84F81D8F83B" box="[854,992,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Aq. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fu
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B60C032FBBFF8488671F83B" box="[1047,1097,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
<tableCitation id="B40C10F50B60C032FB3FF84E86D2F83A" box="[1175,1258,1962,1986]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,304,599]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Records of lucioline larval associations in SE Asia and the Australopacific region. Extracted from Ballantyne and Menayah (2002) and reassessed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/ADF175C60B6FC03DFF3FFF7C83D9FF34" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" tableUuid="ADF175C60B6FC03DFF3FFF7C83D9FF34">Table 1</tableCitation>
); glands with 6 or more spines including 2 median spines; antennal segment 3 with closely adpressed finger like projections subequal in length to adjacent sense cone (Figs 25, 27, 28); mandibles lacking retinaculum (
<figureCitation id="61B539CB0B63C031FB14FF73872BFF57" box="[1212,1299,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 72" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[419,1150,265,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[419,1151,265,1928]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 67 72. Left mandibles, dorsal. 67 Aq. ficta; 68 Aq. lateralis; 69 L. cruciata; 70 L. substriata; 71 P. q i n g y u; 72 A. circumdata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211306/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
); palpi with terminal sense organs (Figs 25, 26, 29, 30).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B19476C50B63C031FF6FFF0480AAF876" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F931254E0B63C031FF6FFF048128FEE4" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B63C031FF6FFF048303FF00" bold="true" box="[199,315,224,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B63C031FEE9FF3B8092FF0F" author="Okada" box="[321,682,223,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Okada, Y. K. (1928) Two Japanese aquatic glowworms. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 76, 101 - 107." type="journal article" year="1928" yearSuffix="a">Okada (1928: Fig. 1a, page 102)</bibRefCitation>
depicts the everted defensive organs above the lateral gills. Figures 81 and 82 herein do not show everted abdominal glands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F931254E0B63C031FF3FF8B180AAF876" blockId="14.[151,1435,1874,1934]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B63C031FF3FF8B1836CF892" bold="true" box="[151,340,1877,1900]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURES 2530.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B63C031FEF1F8B18039F893" box="[345,513,1877,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B63C031FEF1F8B18039F893" box="[345,513,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Luciola cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larval head, 5th instar, SEM. 2526 anterior, dorsal surface uppermost; 27 right antenna; 28 dorsal; 29 ventral; 30 apical maxillary palpomere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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