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<document id="AFFC4598524985983394820607FD4458" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190010" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4002aea0-711c-4c6e-9031-b217f39b5c4b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190010" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461107143558" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Samuel, Philip &amp; Leo, Victorjerald" docDate="2009" docId="6D5687E4FFC3FFB5F0E091E3FC70FDB0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02219p060.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2219" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Anopheles (Cellia) pseudosundaicus Tyagi et al." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="916FFF9CFFC2FFBDF077945CFFCAFFEB" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species, Anopheles pseudosundaicus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Kerala, India" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698593468860" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8DB993D8B4440D55A8E59289FCE520B1">Description of a new species, Anopheles pseudosundaicus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Kerala, India</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="97B53BCDA348A9CFE3E7CFA1F9CB8BB7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="43809E4DCF1BBD69F982348178925F7E">Samuel, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB13522C437A92929C5744863533F78C">Leo, Victorjerald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D8CF349D23E3729B4473EEB8342226CF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="157B5906CA2641705CB517557B0C906B">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="521120480798EB19257D883575B9804D">2219</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="094FA6D23A6D92EDC16A1FB3C31D6857" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.190010</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6D5687E4FFC3FFB5F0E091E3FC70FDB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6213312" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119623444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6213312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D5687E4FFC3FFB5F0E091E3FC70FDB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D5687E4FFC3FFB5F0E091E3FC70FDB0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="ADE56579FFC3FFBCF0E091E3FD17FA32" box="[151,733,1471,1497]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC3FFBCF0E091E3FD17FA32" blockId="1.[151,733,1471,1497]" box="[151,733,1471,1497]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="BE08819EFFC3FFBCF0E091E3FD17FA32" bold="true" box="[151,733,1471,1497]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC3FFBCF0E091E3FD17FA32" ID-CoL="89ZFJ" authority="Tyagi et al." authorityName="Tyagi et al." box="[151,733,1471,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus" subGenus="Cellia">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC3FFBCF0E091E3FD17FA32" bold="true" box="[151,733,1471,1497]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC3FFBCF0E091E3FD84FA32" bold="true" box="[151,590,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Anopheles (Cellia) pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
Tyagi
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC3FFBCF2D591E3FD1FFA32" bold="true" box="[674,725,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ADE56579FFC3FFB8F0E09254FDB4F81D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC3FFBEF0E09254FDB5FF17" blockId="1.[151,1437,1544,2035]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,252]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC3FFBCF0E09254FE58F9C9" bold="true" box="[151,402,1544,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Description. Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="7DC42A77FFC3FFBCF1D39255FDCEF9C8" box="[420,516,1545,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[242,1357,196,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[213,1373,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Adult Female palpus (left), and proboscis (right); B. Wing; C. Male genitalia, phallosome; D. Male genitalia, claspette." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190011/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Figs.1 a</figureCitation>
, b)
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC3FFBCF2459255FDBBF9C9" box="[562,625,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Head</emphasis>
: antenna dark brown about 0.7 length of proboscis (mean 0.7; range 0.580.75; n=13); proboscis dark brown, about 0.9 the length of maxillary palpi (range 0.750.99; n=13); palpus with three pale bands; apical pale band little shorter than the subapical dark band; subapical pale band very narrow, about 1/5 the length of subapical dark band. Vertex covered with broad dark brown scales and erect white scales, frontal setae white, large and bifurcate.
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC3FFBCF32692FFFC6CF957" box="[849,934,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Thorax</emphasis>
: antepronotum and postpronotum without scales; propleuron with 2 or 3 setae; pleura with broad pale scale patches on mesepimeron and mesokatepisternum; coxae with a patch of broad pale scales.
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC3FFBCF30992ADFC25F8E1" box="[894,1007,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Abdomen</emphasis>
: abdominal segments covered with numerous golden setae, the last two segments intermixed with few narrow yellow scales also; terga IVIII each covered with broad pale scales and few dark brown ones posteriorly; sterna IVIII each covered with broad dark brown scales and pale scaled patch basally.
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC3FFBCF3439339FCA7F895" box="[820,877,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Legs</emphasis>
: femora I, II mainly covered with dark brown scales with few scattered pale scales; femur III largely covered with pale scales anteriorly; tibae IIII dark brown scaled with a narrow stripe of pale scales; tarsi IIII mainly with dark brown scales; fore tarsi with tarsomere 1 with a narrow apical pale band, tarsomeres 24 with both basal and apical pale bands, tarsomere 5 completely dark; mid-tarsi with tarsomeres 14 with narrow basal and apical pale bands; tarsomere 5 dark; hind tarsi with tarsomeres 14 with narrow apical bands, tarsomere 5 completely dark.
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC0FFBFF4C593F4FB30F82A" box="[1202,1274,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Wings</emphasis>
: mainly dark scaled, about
<quantity id="22079B17FFC0FFBFF14C9391FEB2F80C" box="[315,376,1997,2023]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="3.0">3mm</quantity>
in length; prehumeral usually completely dark scaled, occasionally interrupted with few pale scales, costa with the following pale spots: humeral, presector, sector, subcostal, and preapical; dark spots other than humeral and preapical are large; pale fringe spots at the end of all veins and rarely a feebly pale fringe spot between 1A and base of wing.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B180667AFFC0FFBFF0E09346FEAFF8BF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190011/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[242,1357,196,1805]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC0FFBFF0E09346FEAFF8BF" blockId="2.[151,1436,1818,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC0FFBFF0E09346FED7F8D9" bold="true" box="[151,285,1818,1842]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
A. Adult Female palpus (left), and proboscis (right); B. Wing; C. Male genitalia, phallosome; D. Male genitalia, claspette.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC1FFBEF1579314FD7BF8B4" blockId="3.[288,689,1864,1887]" box="[288,689,1864,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">A. Pupal abdomen; B. Pupal trumpet.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC1FFB9F0E093D1FE21FF17" blockId="3.[151,1437,1933,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,252]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC1FFBEF0E093D1FF12F84C" bold="true" box="[151,216,1933,1959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="7DC42A77FFC1FFBEF09E93D1FEF7F84C" box="[233,317,1933,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[242,1357,196,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[213,1373,181,1805]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Adult Female palpus (left), and proboscis (right); B. Wing; C. Male genitalia, phallosome; D. Male genitalia, claspette." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190011/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
c, d). General morphological characteristics of body including wings and legs are similar to those of the female.
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC1FFBEF1F493EFFE38F827" box="[387,498,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Genitalia</emphasis>
(n=12): phallosome with 6 pairs of leaflets, smaller ones spiny form, the longest ones blade-shaped; claspette with a long apical spine (mean
<quantity id="22079B17FFC1FFBEF3189384FC1FF819" box="[879,981,2008,2034]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27mm</quantity>
; range 0.180.31) which is more than twice the length of the club (mean
<quantity id="22079B17FFC6FFB9F24F94C4FD57FF59" box="[568,669,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12mm</quantity>
; range 0.090.14), 2 small spines one about 1/2 (mean
<quantity id="22079B17FFC6FFB9F54594C4FA52FF59" box="[1330,1432,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05mm</quantity>
; range 0.030.06) and another about 1/3 (mean
<quantity id="22079B17FFC6FFB9F2B694E1FCECFF3C" box="[705,806,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04mm</quantity>
; range 0.030.05) length of the club, arising between the apical spine and the club.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B180667AFFC6FFB9F0E092B1FAC4F8EF" box="[151,1294,1773,1797]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[185,1382,302,1772]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC6FFB9F0E092B1FAC4F8EF" blockId="4.[151,1294,1773,1797]" box="[151,1294,1773,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC6FFB9F0E092B1FED3F8EE" bold="true" box="[151,281,1773,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
A. Fourth-instar larva, head; B. Fourth-instar larva, thorax; C. Fourth-instar larva, pecten plate
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC6FFB9F0B2936EFC55F80C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1842,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC6FFB9F0B2936EFEC2F8A7" bold="true" box="[197,264,1842,1868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Pupa</emphasis>
(Figs. 2 a, b; Table 1).
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC6FFB9F251936FFD10F8A7" box="[550,730,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cephalothorax</emphasis>
: moderately pigmented;
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC6FFB9F47D936FFBA4F8A7" box="[1034,1134,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Trumpet</emphasis>
: heavily pigmented with scattered spicules, index 2.342.83, mean 2.68 (sd ± 0.23), meatus about 0.40 of the trumpet length.
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC6FFB9F0E093DCFECDF872" box="[151,263,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Abdomen</emphasis>
; Seta
<date id="91411032FFC6FFB9F12493DCFEBCF871" box="[339,374,1920,1946]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">7-I</date>
2-5(3) branched, shorter than 6,9-I
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC6FFB9F35193DCFCB0F872" box="[806,890,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Paddle</emphasis>
: width about 3/4 of its length, index 0.70.8; refractile border about 4/5 of paddle length (index 0.8) with small clearly defined teeth, fringed hairs on posterior border with hooked tips; 1-P long and hooked; 2-P bifid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC7FFB8F0B292A8FDB4F81D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1780,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC7FFB8F0B292A8FEDBF8E5" bold="true" box="[197,273,1780,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Larva</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="7DC42A77FFC7FFB8F15692A8FEB6F8E5" box="[289,380,1780,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[185,1382,302,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[177,1409,274,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. Fourth-instar larva, head; B. Fourth-instar larva, thorax; C. Fourth-instar larva, pecten plate" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190012/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 3 a</figureCitation>
, b, c; Table 2).
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC7FFB8F24792A8FDBAF8E6" box="[560,624,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Head</emphasis>
: setae 1-4-C slender and single, 2-C about twice the length of 3-C; 4- C about equal length of 3-C.
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC7FFB8F1849347FD82F8DF" box="[499,584,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Thorax</emphasis>
: setae 1-P, 7-15 branched; setae 9-12-P all single; seta 1-M with 2530 branches, 4-M single, rarely bifid; setae 9-12-M all single; seta 3-T poorly developed with 3-5 branches.
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC7FFB8F0E09334FEC1F86A" box="[151,267,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Abdomen</emphasis>
: seta
<date id="91411032FFC7FFB8F1219334FEB0F869" box="[342,378,1896,1922]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">1-I</date>
(palmate hair) weakly developed with 49 leaflets, seta 1-II-VII (palmate hair) well developed, evenly pigmented, filaments sharply differentiated, about twice the length of the blade; tergal plates small to moderate sized, smallest on abdominal segment II; seta
<date id="91411032FFC7FFB8F38493E9FB8AF824" box="[1011,1088,1973,1999]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">1-VIII</date>
single to 7 branched; pecten plate with 1215 (mean 12) uneven teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ADE56579FFC4FFBBF0B294CBFEC6FE2B" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC4FFBBF0B294CBFEC6FE2B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF0B294CBFEB6FF5A" bold="true" box="[197,380,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<typeStatus id="3A448850FFC4FFBBF0B294CBFECBFF5A" box="[197,257,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="3A448850FFC4FFBBF1F094C4FE3CFF59" box="[391,502,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female (coded A #538) with associated larval (Le #254) and pupal (Pe #256) exuviae mounted on slides with following collection data:-
<collectingCountry id="9DE87662FFC4FFBBF32D94E2FC51FF33" box="[858,923,190,216]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">India</collectingCountry>
: Kerala State, Kollam District, Kuzhithura,
<date id="91411032FFC4FFBBF0E094B9FE91FF14" box="[151,347,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" value="2005-01-22">22 January 2005</date>
, collected as larva from brackish water pool, G. Baskaran collector, deposited in the Museum of Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (
<collectionCode id="83EEAE37FFC4FFBBF2979550FC9FFECD" box="[736,853,268,294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">MCRME</collectionCode>
), Indian Council of Medical Research, Madurai,
<collectingCountry id="9DE87662FFC4FFBBF0E0956EFF16FEA7" box="[151,220,306,332]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">India</collectingCountry>
. The allotype male (A #543) with associated larval (Le #259) and pupal (Pe #261) exuviae with collection data same as
<typeStatus id="3A448850FFC4FFBBF1C99505FDE0FE98" box="[446,554,345,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
also deposited in
<collectionCode id="83EEAE37FFC4FFBBF37B9505FC4AFE98" box="[780,896,345,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">MCRME</collectionCode>
, Madurai.
<typeStatus id="3A448850FFC4FFBBF4729505FBB6FE98" box="[1029,1148,345,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="F3F9FD7BFFC4FFBBF4F99505FACBFE98" box="[1166,1281,345,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="male">36 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="F3F9FD7BFFC4FFBBF5799505FA52FE98" box="[1294,1432,345,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="female">72 females</specimenCount>
, pinned and 78 Le and 78 Pe mounted on slides) with the same collection data as
<typeStatus id="3A448850FFC4FFBBF43795DCFB6DFE71" box="[1088,1191,384,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
are also deposited in
<collectionCode id="83EEAE37FFC4FFBBF0E095FAFEC2FE2B" box="[151,264,422,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">MCRME</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ADE56579FFC4FFBBF0B29591FAAAFD24" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC4FFBBF0B29591FBF1FDB0" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF0B29591FEACFE0C" bold="true" box="[197,358,461,487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Distribution</emphasis>
: Based on collections from two coastal localities in Kerala, south
<collectingCountry id="9DE87662FFC4FFBBF4D29591FB22FE0C" box="[1189,1256,461,487]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">India</collectingCountry>
, a total of
<specimenCount id="F3F9FD7BFFC4FFBBF5199591FEDDFDE5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="generic">302 specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC4FFBBF13595A8FD8CFDE6" box="[322,582,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF13595A8FEAEFDE6" box="[322,356,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">An</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF10395A8FD8CFDE6" box="[372,582,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were examined: Kuzhithura (Kollam district), brackish waterpool,
<specimenCount id="F3F9FD7BFFC4FFBBF5FA95A8FF2BFDDF" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="F3F9FD7BFFC4FFBBF0999646FEBDFDDF" box="[238,375,538,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="female">16 females</specimenCount>
, 11 Le and Pe,
<date id="91411032FFC4FFBBF24A9646FD16FDDF" box="[573,732,538,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" value="2005-01-22">22 Jan. 2005</date>
; Valiazheekal (Alleppey District), brackish waterpool,
<specimenCount id="F3F9FD7BFFC4FFBBF5099646FF14FDB0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="male">28 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="F3F9FD7BFFC4FFBBF09D961DFEA6FDB0" box="[234,364,577,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="female">58 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="F3F9FD7BFFC4FFBBF10F961DFE0DFDB0" box="[376,455,577,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="male">5 male</specimenCount>
genitalia, 69 Pe 27 Le,
<date id="91411032FFC4FFBBF2AA961DFCB8FDB0" box="[733,882,577,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" value="2005-01-23">23 Jan. 2005</date>
and
<date id="91411032FFC4FFBBF3DC961DFBFDFDB0" box="[939,1079,577,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" value="2005-07-21">21 Jul 2005</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC4FFBBF0B2963BFAAAFD24" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF0B2963BFE92FD6A" bold="true" box="[197,344,615,641]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Bionomics:</emphasis>
Larvae of
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC4FFBBF1949634FD23FD6A" box="[483,745,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF1949634FD23FD6A" box="[483,745,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">An. pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected in brackish water pools associated with floating algae, from coastal localities of Kollam and Alleppey Districts, Kerala State, southwest
<collectingCountry id="9DE87662FFC4FFBBF57C96D2FA81FD43" box="[1291,1355,654,680]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">India</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC4FFBBF52096D3FE1EFD24" authority="Wiedemann" authorityName="Wiedemann" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sitiens" subGenus="Culex">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF52096D3FA56FD43" box="[1367,1436,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Culex</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF0D696E9FF2FFD25" box="[161,229,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Culex</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF08196E9FE8BFD25" box="[246,321,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">sitiens</emphasis>
Wiedemann
</taxonomicName>
was the only
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC4FFBBF20096E9FD2EFD24" box="[631,740,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mosquito">mosquito</taxonomicName>
species found co-breeding with
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC4FFBBF41596E9FA93FD25" box="[1122,1369,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF41596E9FA93FD25" box="[1122,1369,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">An. pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B180667AFFC4FFBBF0E0937FFE37F86B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190013/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[378,1221,787,1795]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC4FFBBF0E0937FFE37F86B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1827,1920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF0E0937FFED6F8D0" bold="true" box="[151,284,1827,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
The gel picture showing amplification of ~565bp of CO1 region from
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC4FFBBF4529378FAC0F8D0" box="[1061,1290,1828,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF4529378FAC0F8D0" box="[1061,1290,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">An. pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#A605) and
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF0E0931BFEFBF8B5" box="[151,305,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC4FFBBF0E0931BFEE7F8B5" box="[151,301,1863,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpictus">An. subpictus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
L1—Molecular weight marker; L2—CO1 amplification from
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC4FFBBF3AD931BFB74F8B5" box="[986,1214,1863,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF3AD931BFB74F8B5" box="[986,1214,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">An. pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#A605); L3—CO1 amplification from
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC4FFBBF1119335FE3CF86B" box="[358,502,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC4FFBBF1119335FE3CF86B" box="[358,502,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">An. subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B180667AFFC5FFBAF0E0936EFDE0F887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190014/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[323,1253,210,1809]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC5FFBAF0E0936EFDE0F887" blockId="7.[151,1436,1842,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC5FFBAF0E0936EFED6F8A1" bold="true" box="[151,284,1842,1866]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic analysis of
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC5FFBAF243936FFCD0F8A1" box="[564,794,1843,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC5FFBAF243936FFCD0F8A1" box="[564,794,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">An. pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#A605) species based on partial sequence of Cytochrome oxidase C subunit 1 gene of mt DNA.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="ADE56579FFC5FFB5F0B293C2FF7DFE2B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFC5FFB5F0B293C2FF7DFE2B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1950,2015]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,603]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC5FFBAF0B293C2FE82F853" bold="true" box="[197,328,1950,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Adult
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC5FFBAF1E893C3FD3EF853" box="[415,756,1951,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC5FFBAF1E893C3FD3EF853" box="[415,756,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Anopheles pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ distinctly from those of
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC5FFBAF40793C3FAD0F853" box="[1136,1306,1951,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC5FFBAF40793C3FAD0F853" box="[1136,1306,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">An. sundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the absence of leg speckling.
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC5FFBAF1B5939AFCC1F834" box="[450,779,1990,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC5FFBAF1B5939AFCC1F834" box="[450,779,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Anopheles pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFC5FFBAF3D3939AFB8BF834" box="[932,1089,1990,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFC5FFBAF3D3939AFB8BF834" box="[932,1089,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">An. subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in wing markings; the former having a complete prehumeral dark spot whereas in
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F28194C4FC5EFF5A" box="[758,916,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F28194C4FC5EFF5A" box="[758,916,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
this dark spot often is divided by pale scales (
<bibRefCitation id="816E4B03FFCAFFB5F0E894E2FEE3FF33" author="Tyagi" box="[159,297,190,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Tyagi, B. K. (1984) A note on the variations in the pre-humeral and humeral dark spots on the wing costa of the mosquito, Anopheles subpictus Grassi, 1899 from south Gujarat (India). Geobios New Reports, 4, 56 - 57." type="journal article" year="1984">Tyagi 1984</bibRefCitation>
). The mid tarsus in
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F26794E3FCCDFF33" box="[528,775,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F26794E3FCCDFF33" box="[528,775,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears narrow apical and basal bands whereas that of
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F50394E3FECDFF15" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F50394E3FECDFF15" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only apical bands. The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F35194B9FBEAFF15" box="[806,1056,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F35194B9FBEAFF15" box="[806,1056,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two spines near the base of club of the claspette compared to the single spine in
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F2889550FC54FECE" box="[767,926,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F2889550FC54FECE" box="[767,926,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 13 spines in
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F40E9550FAD7FECE" box="[1145,1309,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F40E9550FAD7FECE" box="[1145,1309,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. sundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The larva of
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F0C1956EFE64FEA0" box="[182,430,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F0C1956EFE64FEA0" box="[182,430,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from that of
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F2EB956EFCF0FEA0" box="[668,826,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F2EB956EFCF0FEA0" box="[668,826,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 4-M single compared to bifid in the latter species. The pupae of
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F1C59505FD70FE99" box="[434,698,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F1C59505FD70FE99" box="[434,698,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F28E9505FC68FE99" box="[761,930,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F28E9505FC68FE99" box="[761,930,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by seta
<date id="91411032FFCAFFB5F56F9505FA8BFE98" box="[1304,1345,345,371]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">7-I</date>
: 2-5(3) branched and shorter than 6,9-I in
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F25E95DCFCEAFE72" box="[553,800,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F25E95DCFCEAFE72" box="[553,800,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. pseudosundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. simple and as long as 6,9-I in
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F4DA95DCFA81FE72" box="[1197,1355,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F4DA95DCFA81FE72" box="[1197,1355,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Table 3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ADE56579FFCAFFB5F0B29591FCD3FDE5" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFCAFFB5F0B29591FCD3FDE5" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F0B29591FE98FE0C" bold="true" box="[197,338,461,487]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named based on its similarities to
<taxonomicName id="22FF4D71FFCAFFB5F3E29591FBF0FE0D" box="[917,1082,461,486]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sundaicus">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F3E29591FBF0FE0D" box="[917,1082,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">An. sundaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
particularly its morphological characteristics and breeding habitat in brackish waters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ADE56579FFCAFFB5F0B29646FC70FDB0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E54036F2FFCAFFB5F0B29646FC70FDB0" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="D78BEAE0FFCAFFB5F0B29646FE8AFDDF" bold="true" box="[197,320,538,564]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimens used in this study comprised field collected larva and pupa as well as adults reared from immatures from tsunami waters in coastal Kerala,
<collectingCountry id="9DE87662FFCAFFB5F301961DFC7CFDB0" box="[886,950,577,603]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>