treatments-xml/data/6D/2D/87/6D2D8786A2755F0E741CFF1021184D0B.xml
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<mods:title id="AB5C12BF57CFE81F4404BF77CFFFB5D5">Phylogeny of iguanodontian dinosaurs and the evolution of quadrupedality</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="E53B3690A2755F0E741CFF1020A4499E" blockId="18.[290,694,166,192]" box="[290,694,166,192]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="22844D13A2755F0E741CFF10201D49E1" authority="Sereno, 1986" authorityName="Sereno" authorityYear="1986" box="[290,527,166,192]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="clade">ANKYLOPOLLEXIA</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="81154B61A2755F0E7728FF1020A4499E" author="Sereno, P. C." box="[534,694,166,192]" journalOrPublisher="National Geographic Research" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="234 - 256" part="2" refId="ref22197" refString="Sereno, P. C. 1986. Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (Order Ornithischia). National Geographic Research, 2: 234 - 256." title="Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (Order Ornithischia)" type="journal article" year="1986">Sereno, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="AD9E651BA2755F0E75FEFF6721184D0B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="E53B3690A2755F0E75FEFF67203F484B" blockId="18.[192,793,209,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="D7F0EA82A2755F0E75FEFF6723FF49CB" bold="true" box="[192,493,209,234]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Phylogenetic definition.</emphasis>
The least inclusive clade containing
<taxonomicName id="22844D13A2755F0E7474FF462107482B" authority="(Marsh, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[330,789,240,266]" class="Reptilia" family="Camptonotidae" genus="Camptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="D7F0EA82A2755F0E7474FF462042482B" box="[330,592,240,266]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Camptosaurus dispar</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="81154B61A2755F0E7756FF47211C482B" author="Marsh, O. C." box="[616,782,241,266]" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Science" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="501 - 505" part="3" refId="ref19647" refString="Marsh, O. C. 1879. Notice of new Jurassic reptiles. American Journal of Science, 3 (108): 501 - 505." title="Notice of new Jurassic reptiles" type="journal article" year="1879">Marsh, 1879</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="22844D13A2755F0E75FEFEA7231B486B" authority="(Carpenter and Wilson 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Carpenter and Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Uteodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aphanoecetes">
<emphasis id="D7F0EA82A2755F0E75FEFEA723F2480B" box="[192,480,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Uteodon aphanoecetes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="81154B61A2755F0E74C4FEA62310486B" author="Carpenter, K. &amp; Wilson, Y." journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="227 - 263" part="76" refId="ref16224" refString="Carpenter, K. and Wilson, Y. 2008. A new species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a biomechanical analysis of its forelimb. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 76: 227 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.2992 / 0097 - 4463 (2008) 76 [227: ansoco] 2.0. co; 2" title="A new species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a biomechanical analysis of its forelimb" type="journal article" year="2008">Carpenter and Wilson 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="22844D13A2755F0E746EFE87210A486B" authority="Parks, 1922" authorityName="Parks" authorityYear="1922" box="[336,792,305,330]" class="Reptilia" family="Lambeosauridae" genus="Parasaurolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
<emphasis id="D7F0EA82A2755F0E746EFE87206B486B" box="[336,633,305,330]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parasaurolophus walkeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="81154B61A2755F0E77BBFE87210A486B" author="Parks, W. A." box="[645,792,305,330]" journalOrPublisher="University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 32" part="13" refId="ref21238" refString="Parks, W. A. 1922. Parasaurolophus walkeri: a new genus and species of crested trachodont dinosaur. University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series, 13: 1 - 32." title="Parasaurolophus walkeri: a new genus and species of crested trachodont dinosaur" type="journal article" year="1922">Parks, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(emended from
<bibRefCitation id="81154B61A2755F0E7442FEE62030484B" author="Sereno, P. C." box="[380,546,336,362]" journalOrPublisher="National Geographic Research" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="234 - 256" part="2" refId="ref22197" refString="Sereno, P. C. 1986. Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (Order Ornithischia). National Geographic Research, 2: 234 - 256." title="Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (Order Ornithischia)" type="journal article" year="1986">Sereno, 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E53B3690A2755F0E75FEFEC721154A0B" blockId="18.[192,793,209,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="D7F0EA82A2755F0E75FEFEC7204C48AB" bold="true" box="[192,606,369,394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Unambiguous synapomorphies.</emphasis>
Ankylopollexia is characterized by nine unambiguous synapomorphies: deltoid ridge of the scapula close to parallel to the long axis of the scapula (198.0), humerus with a well-developed deltopectoral crest (212.0), ulna with a flange on the proximal end that wraps around the lateral edge of the radius (219.1) some fusion of the carpals (227.1), manual digit I oriented at least 45 degrees from the antebrachial axis (232.1), metacarpal I short and block-like (233.1), ungual of manual digit I subconical (241.1), brevis fossa of ilium not well defined by a lateral lip (259.0), ossified epaxial and hypaxial tendons arranged in a double-layered lattice (323.1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E53B3690A2755F0E75FEFC8721184D0B" blockId="18.[192,793,209,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="D7F0EA82A2755F0E75FEFC8723294A6B" bold="true" box="[192,315,817,842]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Topology.</emphasis>
This is a well-supported clade, with a Jackknife value of 35 and Bremer support of
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the parsimony analysis (
<figureCitation id="7DBF2A15A2755F0E74DDFCC7205E4AAB" box="[483,588,881,906]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[200,291,1774,1797]" captionTargetBox="[198,1439,164,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-91@11.[193,1440,164,1750]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Time scaled parsimony tree, showing assigned age ranges and broad-scale geographic data. Jackknife values above 20 (with 10% chance of character removal) are shown above and to the left of their respective nodes. Bremer supports above one are shown below and to the left of their respective nodes, and bolded." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11063324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11063324/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 7</figureCitation>
), and a posterior probability of
<quantity id="227C9B75A2755F0E745CFC2723A74A8B" box="[354,437,913,938]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3114" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="0.91">0.91 in</quantity>
the Bayesian tree (
<figureCitation id="7DBF2A15A2755F0E779FFC2721194A8B" box="[673,779,913,938]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[196,286,1624,1647]" captionTargetBox="[195,1436,163,1599]" captionTargetId="graphics-57@12.[196,1437,163,1599]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Maximum Clade Credibility tree produced by Bayesian analysis. Posterior probabilities are shown to the left of their nodes. The geologic timescale is shown across the top. Tips represent the average age found for each OTU across all sampled trees." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11063326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11063326/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 8</figureCitation>
). In both topologies, the most basally branching taxon is
<taxonomicName id="22844D13A2755F0E741BFC6723984ACB" box="[293,394,977,1002]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Uteodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7F0EA82A2755F0E741BFC6723984ACB" box="[293,394,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Uteodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="22844D13A2755F0E74EEFC66206F4AC8" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" box="[464,637,976,1001]" class="Reptilia" family="Camptonotidae" genus="Camptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7F0EA82A2755F0E74EEFC66206F4AC8" box="[464,637,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Camptosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recovered as the sister to Styracosterna. These two genera are the only non-styracosternan ankylopollexians.
</paragraph>
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