468 lines
49 KiB
XML
468 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="E5E03D5D152BCC561180D1C21032D10B" ID-CLB-Dataset="9376" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4891.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8cd88652-1627-4fbe-891d-062b3e02e511" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4309249" ID-ZooBank="6B0E1135-8C4E-4341-9793-AB970FBCD10B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1607335294722" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kurczewski, Frank E., West, Rick C., Waichert, Cecilia, Kissane, Kelly C., Ubick, Darrell & Pitts, James P." docDate="2020" docId="6D0C7764FFBAFF8A07AAFB17FBDBF851" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4891.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4891 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Pepsis mexicana Lucas" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="91350F1CFFB3FF80073DFFE4FFADFFC4" masterDocTitle="New and unusual host records for North American and South American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1732373346000" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E3677CC5DD3D3F65632BF9F87F7CF517">
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<mods:title id="FCC8E8CFCC5D5B5EE9FB947530FE6CFB">New and unusual host records for North American and South American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="602BE77D740A4CC4620BF7B80C584DEF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FE9CD33786E8B11D20F550AFC2139DB4">Kurczewski, Frank E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BE2966637009D511DCFBF28A022B5CD9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BFC765A7A3E6A0A201102F994383C885">West, Rick C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="ACAB924AF3A1194B32C8BF255CA3FFCD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BD33BAE375C60EAFD20CB80986809EB8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B90AE6BBABE1825B818936E6F8B6C089">Waichert, Cecilia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8E4A7FBCAA39F4D53182C672E4357D62" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="57C1120036C5B56285DFAFB2285691C8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5332EC20819D3DBC439CD9BA1AE80B0C">Kissane, Kelly C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="282FB8B2D0C96EE317CF8817B1AE38FF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DC3F7975944CC7F27044E3A8B50B575A">Ubick, Darrell</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="55CA49392A409C2C987A6E7945EB9E57" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="34C7DED2F119326DC95C739A38AEECC9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="598F382CB6CFE394430A0CB5749C4792">Pitts, James P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B70948711BE9A156C1D1B65AEF7F0A79">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="538B9DD80A6420AE6B83D49475790A86">
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<mods:date id="723D1325DB8072DE2F110345B6784151">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D3462B02F77E21BD219C5187DED8464A">2020-12-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0F430451E2328E8EBD7A1EC1AF410E47">4891</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D3E2775A31A28CB95BA87098C3DFCED5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FD3C97C87271689981416816FDB6E647" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4891.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6D0C7764FFBAFF8A07AAFB17FBDBF851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4344757" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170716172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4344757" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFBAFF8A07AAFB17FBDBF851" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D0C7764FFBAFF8A07AAFB17FBDBF851" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFBAFF8907AAFB17FD62FACA" box="[151,719,1267,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBAFF8907AAFB17FD62FACA" blockId="9.[151,1437,1267,2014]" box="[151,719,1267,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="BE52711EFFBAFF8907AAFB17FD62FACA" box="[151,719,1267,1294]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBAFF8907AAFB17FE0BFAC9" ID-CoL="76RVN" authority="Lucas" authorityName="Lucas" box="[151,422,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Pepsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
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||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF8907AAFB17FE0BFAC9" bold="true" box="[151,422,1267,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF8907AAFB17FEFAFAC9" bold="true" box="[151,343,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pepsis mexicana</emphasis>
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Lucas
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Mexican tarantula hawk)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFBAFF8907AAFAF3FCF6F8ED" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBAFF8907AAFAF3FAD4F995" blockId="9.[151,1437,1267,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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AZ: Pima County, Tucson;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFBAFF8906F0FAF3FD26FAF5" box="[461,651,1303,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2019-01-16">16 January 2019</date>
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; M. Martinez (pachucos_art). Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBAFF890318FAF3FB6CFAF5" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1061,1217,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF890318FAF3FB6CFAF5" box="[1061,1217,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBAFF8903DBFAF3FAFBFAF5" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" box="[1254,1366,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF8903DBFAF3FAFBFAF5" box="[1254,1366,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">chalcodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, adult male. The wasp straddled a paralyzed male tarantula as an adult female
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBAFF8904C9FADFFB3DFA91" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1012,1168,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF8904C9FADFFB3DFA91" box="[1012,1168,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBAFF890389FADFFA89FA91" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" box="[1204,1316,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF890389FADFFA89FA91" box="[1204,1316,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">chalcodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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exited her burrow, about
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<quantity id="225D6B97FFBAFF890650FABBFE18FABD" box="[365,437,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
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away. The female tarantula moved quickly, grasped the male tarantula from the wasp, turned and entered her burrow with the immobilized male tarantula. The wasp quickly followed the pair down the burrow. The wasp emerged from the burrow headfirst a minute later, walked to the spot where the paralyzed male tarantula had laid on the ground. She placed her mouthparts on the ground as if to drink fluids released by the immobilized tarantula. The wasp remained in the area surrounding the burrow for about 10 minutes before flying away. Minutes later, the female tarantula covered the burrow entrance with silk, from inside, indicating the wasp did
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBAFF890667F9D3FED3F995" box="[346,382,1591,1617]" class="Not" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">not</taxonomicName>
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paralyze or oviposit on her (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBAFF8905FDF9D3FCC4F995" author="Martinez, M." box="[704,873,1591,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref86810" refString="Martinez, M. (pachucos _ art) (2019) # tarantulahawkwasp # weroamarizona. Available from: https: // www. instagram. com / p / BssyFNHFXZE /? hl = en (accessed 16 January 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Martinez 2019</bibRefCitation>
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; M. Martinez, Tucson, AZ, 2019 pers. comm.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBAFF8907AAF9BFFB60F979" blockId="9.[151,1437,1267,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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AZ: Pima County, Tucson, Sabino Canyon, Esperero Trail;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFBAFF890473F9BFFB9FF9B1" box="[846,1074,1627,1653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2009-09-18">18 September 2009</date>
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; Renee. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBAFF8903DDF9BFFAD1F9B1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1248,1404,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF8903DDF9BFFAD1F9B1" box="[1248,1404,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF8907FBF99BFE8FF95D" box="[198,290,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">catalina</emphasis>
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Hamilton, Hendrixson and Bond, adult or subadult female. Using her antennae, the wasp examined the paralyzed tarantula as it laid ventral side upward with its legs spread laterally (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBAFF890308F947FB6CF979" author="Renee" box="[1077,1217,1699,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref92808" refString="Renee. (2009) Desert Trail Running Blog. Available from: http: // pinkcorker. blogspot. ca / 2009 / 09 / (accessed 16 May 2017)" type="url" year="2009">Renee 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBAFF8907AAF923FCF6F8ED" blockId="9.[151,1437,1267,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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AZ: Pima County, Tucson, Sabino Canyon, Overlook Picnic Area;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFBAFF8904ADF923FB86F925" box="[912,1067,1735,1761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2018-06-24">24 June 2018</date>
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; C. Benesh. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBAFF89023CF923FA30F925" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1281,1437,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF89023CF923FA30F925" box="[1281,1437,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF8907DFF90FFEF4F8C1" box="[226,345,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBAFF8907DFF90FFEF8F8C1" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" box="[226,341,1771,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">chalcodes</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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subadult female. The wasp stood over the paralyzed tarantula, as it laid on the ground, dorsal side upward, and examined it with her antennae (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBAFF89058AF8EBFCFDF8ED" author="Benesh, C." box="[695,848,1807,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref71666" refString="Benesh, C. (2018) Pepsis grossa. Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 13776290 (accessed 25 June 2018)" type="url" year="2018">Benesh 2018</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFBAFF8907AAF8D7FC00F851" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBAFF8907AAF8D7FC00F851" blockId="9.[151,1437,1267,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
AZ: Pinal County, Oracle, Coronado National Forest;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFBAFF8905C8F8D7FC25F889" box="[757,904,1843,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2018-07-20">20 July 2018</date>
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; T. Palmer (entomo-logic). Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBAFF89023CF8D7FA30F889" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1281,1437,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF89023CF8D7FA30F889" box="[1281,1437,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBAFF8907D9F8B3FEF9F8B5" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" box="[228,340,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF8907D9F8B3FEF9F8B5" box="[228,340,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">chalcodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed tarantula backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its right foreleg with her mandibles (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBAFF890431F89FFC0CF851" author="Palmer, T." box="[780,929,1915,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref90103" refString="Palmer, T. (2018) Pepsis grossa. Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 14547700 (accessed 21 July 2018)" type="url" year="2018">Palmer 2018</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFBAFF8A07AAF87BFE95FEA1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBAFF8A07AAF87BFC68FF11" blockId="9.[151,1437,1267,2014]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="55CDCC2FFFBAFF8A07AAF87BFD22FF11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990869301" collectingDate="2018-03-31" collectorName="J. Meerman" country="Belize" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" location="Green Hills Butterfly Ranch" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cayo District">
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||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFBAFF8907AAF87BFF51F87D" box="[151,252,1951,1977]" name="Belize" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">BELIZE</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFBAFF89063BF87BFE33F87D" box="[262,414,1951,1977]" country="Belize" name="Cayo" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cayo District</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<locationDeviation id="F4A8DF50FFBAFF890694F87BFD6FF87D" box="[425,706,1951,1977]" location="San Ignacio" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<quantity id="225D6B97FFBAFF890694F87BFE42F87D" box="[425,495,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
|
||
SE of San Ignacio
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="E07A90A9FFBAFF8905F0F87BFBA6F87D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFBAFF8A07AAFB17FBDBF851:E07A90A9FFBAFF8905F0F87BFBA6F87D" box="[717,1035,1951,1977]" country="Belize" name="Green Hills Butterfly Ranch" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Cayo District">Green Hills Butterfly Ranch</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBAFF89032BF87BFB6EF87D" box="[1046,1219,1951,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2018-03-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="815F195AFFBAFF89032BF87BFB6EF87D" box="[1046,1219,1951,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2018-03-31">31 March 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="4850A3A4FFBAFF8903F3F87BFAFBF87D" box="[1230,1366,1951,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">J. Meerman</collectorName>
|
||
. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBAFF8907FBF827FE52F819" authority="(Ausserer)" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[198,511,1987,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tliltocatl" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagans">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBAFF8907FBF827FE2FF818" box="[198,386,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tliltocatl vagans</emphasis>
|
||
(Ausserer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mexican redrump tarantula), adult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed tarantula backwards up the side of small stacked containers, right side upward, grasping its 3
|
||
<superScript id="12D06B3AFFB9FF8A039CFF72FB02FF60" attach="left" box="[1185,1199,150,164]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">rd</superScript>
|
||
right trochanter with her mandibles (J. Meerman, Green Hills,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A05ABFF5FFD4DFF11" box="[662,736,187,213]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Belize</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 2018 pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB9FF8A07AAFF3BFE95FEA1" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFB9FF8A07AAFF3BFF51FF3D" box="[151,252,223,249]" name="Belize" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BELIZE</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A0638FF3BFE59FF3D" box="[261,500,223,249]" country="Belize" name="Orange Walk" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orange Walk District</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Lamanai Archaeological Reserve;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB9FF8A0441FF3BFC54FF3D" box="[892,1017,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2012-04">April 2012</date>
|
||
; axarus. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A03A6FF3BFAFAFF3C" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1179,1367,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tliltocatl" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagans">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A03A6FF3BFAFAFF3C" box="[1179,1367,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tliltocatl vagans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female. The wasp maneuvered underneath the tarantula on the ground, turned it over and, while straddling it, stung and paralyzed it. During the struggle, the wasp detached the tarantula’s pedipalp from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A03CFFEC3FE99FEA1" authority="(Axarus 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Axarus" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Acanthoscurria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarantula">
|
||
tarantula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB9FF8A025EFEC3FE81FEA1" author="Axarus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref70650" refString="Axarus (2012) Tarantula hawk and tarantula in an epic battle. Available from: https: // www. youtube. com / watch? v = 1 EU 64 OKtfw 4 (accessed 10 February 2018)" type="url" year="2012">Axarus 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB9FF8A07AAFE8BFE17FDA5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB9FF8A07AAFE8BFA9DFE15" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFB9FF8A07AAFE8BFE92FE4D" box="[151,319,367,393]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: mountain top;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB9FF8A06CCFE8BFD02FE4D" box="[497,687,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2007-01-14">14 January 2007</date>
|
||
; Jordan. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A0466FE8BFC5AFE4D" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[859,1015,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A0466FE8BFC5AFE4D" box="[859,1015,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A0320FE8BFB38FE4D" box="[1053,1173,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">crinirufum</emphasis>
|
||
(Valerio) (Costa Rican bluefront tarantula) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A0693FE77FDF7FE6A" box="[430,602,403,430]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The wasp walked backwards on the ground, holding the paralyzed tarantula dorsal side upward while grasping the base of its left foreleg with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB9FF8A03B5FE53FA89FE15" author="Jordan" box="[1160,1316,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref82782" refString="Jordan (2007 a) Tarantula Hawk with prey in Costa Rica. Available from: https: // www. whatsthatbug. com / images / tarantula _ hawk _ prey _ costari. jpg (accessed 28 May 2017)" type="url" year="2007">Jordan 2007a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB9FF8A07AAFE3FFE17FDA5" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFB9FF8A07AAFE3FFE93FE31" box="[151,318,475,501]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A0675FE3FFDB9FE31" box="[328,532,475,501]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Alajuela Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Delicias, dirt road; 2011; G. McCabe. Host:?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A031FFE3FFB03FE31" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1875" box="[1058,1198,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A031FFE3FFB03FE31" box="[1058,1198,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sericopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A03D8FE3FFA3DFE32" box="[1253,1424,475,502]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), adult or subadult female. The wasp stood atop the larger paralyzed tarantula as it laid dorsal side upward on the ground with its legs spread laterally. She examined the area above its chelicerae with her antennae and mouthparts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB9FF8A0636FDA3FE02FDA5" author="McCabe, G." box="[267,431,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref87446" refString="McCabe, G. (2011) Spiders. Available from: https: // www. montezumabeach. com / spiders / (accessed 15 May 2017)" type="url" year="2011">McCabe 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB9FF8A07AAFD8FFC23FC45" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB9FF8A07AAFD8FFBB4FD09" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="55CDCC2FFFB9FF8A07AAFD8FFBB8FD09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990869665" collectingDate="2007-01-03" collectorName="A. Arp. Host & The" country="Costa Rica" location="Palo Verde National Park" municipality="Puerto Humo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFB9FF8A07AAFD8FFE91FD41" box="[151,316,619,645]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A067BFD8FFD9EFD41" box="[326,563,619,645]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guanacaste Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="057E5C08FFB9FF8A0503FD8FFD7BFD41" box="[574,726,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Puerto Humo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="E07A90A9FFB9FF8A05DDFD8FFC50FD41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFBAFF8A07AAFB17FBDBF851:E07A90A9FFB9FF8A05DDFD8FFC50FD41" box="[736,1021,619,645]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Puerto Humo" name="Palo Verde National Park" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Palo Verde National Park</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB9FF8A033AFD8FFB1EFD41" box="[1031,1203,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2007-01-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="815F195AFFB9FF8A033AFD8FFB1EFD41" box="[1031,1203,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2007-01-03">3 January 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="4850A3A4FFB9FF8A0381FD8FFAE3FD41" box="[1212,1358,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. Arp. Host</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A0265FD8FFE8BFD6D" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A0265FD8FFE8BFD6D" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A0675FD6BFE6DFD6D" box="[328,448,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">crinirufum</emphasis>
|
||
, adult female.
|
||
<collectorName id="4850A3A4FFB9FF8A0559FD6BFD3DFD6D" box="[612,656,655,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">The</collectorName>
|
||
wasp stood over and examined the paralyzed tarantula with her antennae and mouthparts as it laid ventral side upward on the ground (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB9FF8A04A1FD57FBA0FD09" author="Arp, A." box="[924,1037,691,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref70371" refString="Arp, A. (2007) Tarantula Hawk. Available from: https: // www. flickr. com / photos / praxela / 365318790 / (accessed 27 November 2017)" type="url" year="2007">Arp 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB9FF8A07AAFD33FC23FC45" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="55CDCC2FFFB9FF8A07AAFD33FC27FC45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990869544" collectingDate="2019-03-03" collectorName="H. Cuper. Host" country="Costa Rica" location="Rincon de la Vieja National Park" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste Province">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFB9FF8A07AAFD33FE92FD35" box="[151,319,727,753]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A0676FD33FD97FD35" box="[331,570,727,753]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guanacaste Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="E07A90A9FFB9FF8A057AFD33FC6EFD35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFBAFF8A07AAFB17FBDBF851:E07A90A9FFB9FF8A057AFD33FC6EFD35" box="[583,963,727,753]" country="Costa Rica" name="Rincon de la Vieja National Park" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Guanacaste Province">Rincon de la Vieja National Park</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB9FF8A04EDFD33FBDEFD35" box="[976,1139,727,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2019-03-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="815F195AFFB9FF8A04EDFD33FBDEFD35" box="[976,1139,727,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2019-03-03">3 March 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="4850A3A4FFB9FF8A03BDFD33FA9DFD35" box="[1152,1328,727,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H. Cuper. Host</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A0201FD33FEA7FCD1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A0201FD33FEA7FCD1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A060CFD1FFE04FCD1" box="[305,425,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">crinirufum</emphasis>
|
||
, adult or subadult female. One photograph showed the wasp standing over the paralyzed tarantula as it laid on the ground, ventral side upward, drinking regurgitated fluid from the tarantula’s mouth. Two photographs show the wasp dragging the paralyzed tarantula on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping the base of the right pedipalp with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB9FF8A05C5FC83FC2FFC45" author="Cuper, H." box="[760,898,871,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref75690" refString="Cuper, H. (2019) Tarantuladoder (Pepsis mexicana) Mexican Tarantula Hawk. Available from: https: // www. flickr. com / photos / hj _ cuper / 46860645174 / in / album- 72157707493004954 /, https: // www. flickr. com / photos / hj _ cuper / 46860645564 / in / album- 72157707493004954 / and https: // www. flickr. com / photos / hj _ cuper / 47520821912 / in / album- 72157707493004954 / (accessed 20 April 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Cuper 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB9FF8A07AAFC6FFC3FFBD5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB9FF8A07AAFC6FFC3FFBD5" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFB9FF8A07AAFC6FFEA7FC61" box="[151,266,907,933]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Hildalgo State, Atlapexco;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB9FF8A057EFC6FFD7EFC61" box="[579,723,907,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2020-04-07">7 April 2020</date>
|
||
, M. O. Cabrera. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A04ECFC6FFACEFC62" authority="(Chamberlin)" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[977,1379,907,934]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tliltocatl" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicureanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A04ECFC6FFB6BFC60" box="[977,1222,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tliltocatl epicureanus</emphasis>
|
||
(Chamberlin)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A024FFC6FFEACFC0D" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
|
||
rustrump tarantula) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A06CFFC4BFD30FC0E" box="[498,669,943,970]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), adult or subadult female. A series of photographs shows the wasp standing near the paralyzed tarantulas as it laid on the ground, dorsal side upward (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB9FF8A0341FC37FAB6FC29" author="Cabrera, M. O." box="[1148,1307,979,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref73041" refString="Cabrera, M. O. (2020) Spiders Wasp and a Tarantula. Available from: https: // www. facebook. com / photo. php? fbid = 28622496538 60724 & set = pcb. 2862271980525158 & type = 3 & theater (accessed 11 April 2020)" type="url" year="2020">Cabrera 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; E. García-Padilla,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A061FFC13FEDBFBD5" box="[290,374,1015,1041]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
de Juárez,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A06C9FC13FDE6FBD5" box="[500,587,1015,1041]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A056BFC13FD03FBD5" box="[598,686,1015,1041]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 2020 pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB9FF8A07AAFBFFFB9BFA91" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB9FF8A07AAFBFFFEA2FB65" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="55CDCC2FFFB9FF8A07AAFBFFFEA6FB65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990869333" collectingDate="2018-11-20" collectorName="I. Caim" country="Mexico" location="Iztapalapa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mexico State">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFB9FF8A07AAFBFFFEA7FBF1" box="[151,266,1051,1077]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A062AFBFFFE1DFBF1" box="[279,432,1051,1077]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mexico State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A0680FBFFFDE0FBF1" box="[445,589,1051,1077]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mexico City</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="E07A90A9FFB9FF8A0566FBFFFD7FFBF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFBAFF8A07AAFB17FBDBF851:E07A90A9FFB9FF8A0566FBFFFD7FFBF1" box="[603,722,1051,1077]" country="Mexico" name="Iztapalapa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Mexico State">Iztapalapa</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB9FF8A05E2FBFFFC13FBF1" box="[735,958,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2018-11-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="815F195AFFB9FF8A05E2FBFFFC13FBF1" box="[735,958,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2018-11-20">20 November 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="4850A3A4FFB9FF8A04F1FBFFFB8FFBF1" box="[972,1058,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">I. Caim</collectorName>
|
||
(ignathiuscaim). Host: Unidentified species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A0667FBDBFE6EFB9E" baseAuthorityName="Dantas" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[346,451,1087,1114]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ctenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), adult or subadult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed wandering spider over and through short grasses on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its sternal region with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB9FF8A0263FB87FEAEFB65" author="Caim, I." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref73251" refString="Caim, I. (2018) # aranas # avispa. Available from: https: // www. instagram. com / p / BqbMTmtnnhX / (accessed 1 December 2018)" type="url" year="2018">Caim 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB9FF8A07AAFB4FFB9BFA91" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFB9FF8A07AAFB4FFEA7FB01" box="[151,266,1195,1221]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A062BFB4FFE55FB01" box="[278,504,1195,1221]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Quintana Roo State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="225D6B97FFB9FF8A0538FB4FFDE3FB01" box="[517,590,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Mahahual, Mayan Beach Garden Inn; posted
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB9FF8A03A0FB4EFAD0FB01" box="[1181,1405,1194,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2011-09-25">25 September 2011</date>
|
||
; J. Conrad. Host:?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A0644FB2BFDB8FB2D" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[377,533,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Acentropelma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A0644FB2BFDB8FB2D" box="[377,533,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Acentropelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A0576FB2BFDD5FB2D" box="[587,632,1231,1257]" class="Not" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Not</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A05BDFB2BFD4AFB2D" authorityName="Mendoza & Francke" authorityYear="2020" box="[640,743,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tliltocatl" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A05BDFB2BFD4AFB2D" box="[640,743,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tliltocatl</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A0430FB2BFC4DFB2D" authority="(Ausserer)" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[781,992,1230,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tliltocatl" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagans">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A0430FB2BFCF1FB2C" box="[781,860,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">vagans</emphasis>
|
||
(Ausserer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], juvenile. The wasp dragged the much heavier paralyzed tarantula across a white sand road, grasping the base of its right foreleg with her mandibles. She released the spider in the middle of the road, dorsal side upward, and walked around the area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB9FF8A0239FAF3FA35FAF5" author="Conrad, J." box="[1284,1432,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref74800" refString="Conrad, J. (2011) Tarantula Hawk Wasp. Available from: http: // www. backyardnature. net / yucatan / hawkwasp. htm (accessed 7 April 2017)" type="url" year="2011">Conrad 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, J. Mendoza and D. Candia,
|
||
<collectionCode id="83B45EB7FFB9FF8A06C0FADFFDF8FA91" box="[509,597,1339,1365]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/10ei-x9nj" name="Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">UNAM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A055DFADFFD43FA91" box="[608,750,1339,1365]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mexico City</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A05C4FADFFCFCFA91" box="[761,849,1339,1365]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 2018 pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB9FF8A07AAFABBFE13FA21" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB9FF8A07AAFABBFE13FA21" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFB9FF8A07AAFABBFEA7FABD" box="[151,266,1375,1401]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A0628FABBFE19FABD" box="[277,436,1375,1401]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Playa del Carmen, Selva Maya;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB9FF8A0416FABBFC68FABD" box="[811,965,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2019-06-17">17 June 2019</date>
|
||
; Sergio F. A. (arbura.mx). Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A020BFABBFA30FABD" authorityName="Mendoza & Francke" authorityYear="2020" box="[1334,1437,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tliltocatl" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A020BFABBFA30FABD" box="[1334,1437,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tliltocatl</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A07D9FA67FEC1FA58" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[228,364,1411,1436]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tliltocatl" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicureanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A07D9FA67FEC1FA58" box="[228,364,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">epicureanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subadult male or female. The wasp circled and examined the paralyzed tarantula as it laid on the ground, dorsal side upward, before grasping the base of its right foreleg and dragging it backwards on the ground (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB9FF8A0619FA2FFE1FFA21" author="Sergio, F. A." box="[292,434,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref96457" refString="Sergio, F. A. (2019) # spiderwasp # playadelcarmen. Available from: https: // www. instagram. com / p / By 1 UUz 9 hWHL / (accessed 28 June 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Sergio 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB9FF8A07AAFA0BFBDBF851" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB9FF8A07AAFA0BFD62F9B2" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="55CDCC2FFFB9FF8A07AAFA0BFD66F9B2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990869535" collectingDate="2016-11-19" collectionCode="HST" collectorName="F. M. Farriols Estrada. Host & The" country="Mexico" county="Municipality of Mazatlan" location="Fauna Silvestre" municipality="Selva Baja Caducifolia en Paco's Reserva de Flora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sinaloa">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFB9FF8A07AAFA0BFEA7F9CD" box="[151,266,1519,1545]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A0629FA0BFE04F9CD" box="[276,425,1519,1545]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sinaloa State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="0C7BBEFEFFB9FF8A068EFA0BFD7FF9CD" box="[435,722,1519,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Municipality of Mazatlán</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="057E5C08FFB9FF8A05E1FA0BFAA2F9CD" box="[732,1295,1519,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Selva Baja Caducifolia en Paco’s Reserva de Flora</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
y
|
||
<location id="E07A90A9FFB9FF8A0214FA0BFEA1F9E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFBAFF8A07AAFB17FBDBF851:E07A90A9FFB9FF8A0214FA0BFEA1F9E9" country="Mexico" county="Municipality of Mazatlan" municipality="Selva Baja Caducifolia en Paco's Reserva de Flora" name="Fauna Silvestre" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Sinaloa">Fauna Silvestre</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB9FF8A0625F9F7FE5EF9E9" box="[280,499,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2016-11-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="815F195AFFB9FF8A0625F9F7FE5EF9E9" box="[280,499,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2016-11-19">19 November 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 0823 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="83B45EB7FFB9FF8A0578F9F7FDD2F9E9" box="[581,639,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">HST</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectorName id="4850A3A4FFB9FF8A05AEF9F7FC62F9E9" box="[659,975,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F. M. Farriols Estrada. Host</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A04E7F9F7FBDBF9E9" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[986,1142,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A04E7F9F7FBDBF9E9" box="[986,1142,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (undescribed species), adult female.
|
||
<collectorName id="4850A3A4FFB9FF8A0660F9D3FE24F995" box="[349,393,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">The</collectorName>
|
||
wasp examined the paralyzed tarantula with her antennae and mouthparts as it laid dorsal side upward on the ground (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB9FF8A06F6F9BFFD6EF9B2" author="Farriols Estrada, F. M. & Pacof" box="[459,707,1627,1654]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref78366" refString="Farriols Estrada, F. M. (Pacof) (2016) Pepsis mexicana Lucas (Mexican Tarantula Hawk). Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 4609667 (accessed 4 April 2017)" type="url" year="2016">Farriols Estrada 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB9FF8A07AAF99BFEDEF8C2" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFB9FF8A07AAF99BFEA7F95D" box="[151,266,1663,1689]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB9FF8A0628F99BFE01F95D" box="[277,428,1663,1689]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sinaloa State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Municipality of Mazatlán;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB9FF8A05DAF99BFC6DF95D" box="[743,960,1663,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2016-12-27">27 December 2016</date>
|
||
, 1800 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="83B45EB7FFB9FF8A0329F99BFBE3F95D" box="[1044,1102,1663,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">HST</collectionCode>
|
||
); F. F. Sarabia. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A027FF99BFE1AF97A" authority="(White)" baseAuthorityName="White" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Brachypelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emilia">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A027FF99BFEF5F979" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brachypelma emilia</emphasis>
|
||
(White)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mexican redleg tarantula) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A05C5F947FC0EF97A" box="[760,931,1699,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), immature. The wasp dragged the paralyzed tarantula backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping the base of its right foreleg with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB9FF8A07F0F90FFECAF8C2" author="Sarabia, F. F." box="[205,359,1771,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref95943" refString="Sarabia, F. F. (2016) Pepsis mexicana Lucas (Mexican Tarantula Hawk). Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 4855669 (accessed 4 April 2017)" type="url" year="2016">Sarabia 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB9FF8A07AAF8EBFBDBF851" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFB9FF8A07AAF8EBFEE9F8ED" box="[151,324,1807,1833]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">NICARAGUA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Paso del Istmo Biological Corridor, Municipal de San Juan del Sur;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB9FF8A0303F8EBFAABF8ED" box="[1086,1286,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2017-02-28">28 February 2017</date>
|
||
, 1922 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="83B45EB7FFB9FF8A026AF8EBFA3DF8ED" box="[1367,1424,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CST</collectionCode>
|
||
); J. Martinez. Host:?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A069EF8D7FDFCF889" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[419,593,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Citharacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB9FF8A069EF8D7FDFCF889" box="[419,593,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Citharacanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB9FF8A05B5F8D7FC9EF88A" box="[648,819,1843,1870]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), adult male. The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula by the base of its right pedipalp and, maintaining the spider dorsal side upward, walked backwards on the ground (Martinez 2017; S. Longhorn, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2018 pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |