339 lines
34 KiB
XML
339 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="7566A9076DC5EC58F536780F7BA3D525" ID-CLB-Dataset="9376" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4891.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8cd88652-1627-4fbe-891d-062b3e02e511" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4309249" ID-ZooBank="6B0E1135-8C4E-4341-9793-AB970FBCD10B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1607335294722" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kurczewski, Frank E., West, Rick C., Waichert, Cecilia, Kissane, Kelly C., Ubick, Darrell & Pitts, James P." docDate="2020" docId="6D0C7764FFB8FF8C07AAF853FB35F925" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4891.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4891 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pepsis grossa" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="91350F1CFFB3FF80073DFFE4FFADFFC4" masterDocTitle="New and unusual host records for North American and South American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698847227227" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A4C8A346B1D4629EE6C46EFA561A17DA">
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<mods:title id="6C24CBCF937C5F0ADE463B7A86C09300">New and unusual host records for North American and South American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="28C2E241AEB0A1A19D0866A8B8C9A960" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9940B810D04A29518267D13A752F5395">Kurczewski, Frank E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A72FD109B683A11DB425E04D0CF18352" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="057D572A655342630D7C5DA2A71B4313">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1F83CA633B69ED7DB503288D48B7F31F">West, Rick C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D2C799F4BBB34C8D295C9D9BC12BE690" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8101CF4BC3E5EAE5165561A275E06305">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C5126C508E98CFA2A2FE1C7F2EC1835C">Waichert, Cecilia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6B16EF6E8D24E8E22DCA0544F8AA0B8C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="226647D75EC100E1D341E65FE0417E42">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0F36D7551014775F04B26E5FE214EB04">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="042144195E6DB3CC2CA07A317C7DBE88">Kissane, Kelly C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B4DBFEB447FFE8134F49A733AA3DB48A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F879547FEBEED891E1C71ABEC017790E">Ubick, Darrell</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CED905DC028F83EF0FD7F0A7DEC96392" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DE5CE7BF53F1B9C1796A54DEB0E69BA4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DA032584CB3022A55B0C961AF6F6D437">Pitts, James P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="339F12D2EC1829EB7A00995DB4C17161">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8454762ADEEC996A6FED0EF668F4B1E0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E8506B5F61B437FC324849AFA8A4855A">
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<mods:date id="7A8130CBF4BC081EE3C2371AB3EB7596">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8B38F738291D9481C9F997A0A89AE92E">2020-12-07</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D86E1E26782B8A5F8598F9B3A273EE7B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8D5BB80D507E20346F1F0887D73819CF">4891</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:classification id="ED22A605BBA0EFDE0C1F5BFB54B60EBF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FA993E4CDF4EEE87BC5911B5154D7ED4" type="CLB-Dataset">9376</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="99B93F101E94A69F1BBA3BEAD2649B82" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4891.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="382829A1C598B28D25679F841CDE9F2C" type="GBIF-Dataset">8cd88652-1627-4fbe-891d-062b3e02e511</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="779FFCF89F90D8CDA422545363A8DDE1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="6D0C7764FFB8FF8C07AAF853FB35F925" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4344903" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170716177" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4344903" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFB8FF8C07AAF853FB35F925" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D0C7764FFB8FF8C07AAF853FB35F925" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB8FF8B07AAF853FE13F815" box="[151,446,1975,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB8FF8B07AAF853FE13F815" blockId="11.[151,1437,1975,2038]" box="[151,446,1975,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="BE52711EFFB8FF8B07AAF853FE13F815" bold="true" box="[151,446,1975,2002]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB8FF8B07AAF853FE13F815" ID-CoL="6V3X6" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[151,446,1975,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Pepsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossa">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB8FF8B07AAF853FE13F815" bold="true" box="[151,446,1975,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB8FF8B07AAF853FE9FF816" bold="true" box="[151,306,1975,2002]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pepsis grossa</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB8FF8C07AAF838FCB0FE85" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB8FF8B07AAF838FA30F831" blockId="11.[151,1437,1975,2038]" box="[151,1437,2011,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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AR: Yell County, Blue Mountain Lake;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFB8FF8B0569F838FD4AF832" box="[596,743,2011,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2011-07-30">30 July 2011</date>
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; E. E. Lundgaard. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB8FF8B04C6F83FFB3AF831" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1019,1175,2011,2037]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB8FF8B04C6F83FFB3AF831" box="[1019,1175,2011,2037]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB8FF8B0387F83FFB50F831" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1210,1277,2011,2037]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB8FF8B0387F83FFB50F831" box="[1210,1277,2011,2037]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">hentzi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, adult female.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07FBFF73FD55FF11" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula by its right pedipalp with her mandibles and dragged it backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C0513FF5FFD40FF11" author="Lundgaard, E. E." box="[558,749,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref86107" refString="Lundgaard, E. E. (2011) The Battle. Available from: https: // www. flickr. com / photos / eelundgaard / albums / 72157627390663120 (accessed 10 July 2017)" type="url" year="2011">Lundgaard 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFF3BFCB0FE85" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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AZ: Pima County, Catalina State Park, near Tucson;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C043EFF3BFC4AFF3D" box="[771,999,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2012-09-11">11 September 2012</date>
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; G. Campbell. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C03DDFF3BFAD1FF3D" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1248,1404,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C03DDFF3BFAD1FF3D" box="[1248,1404,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C07FBFEE7FE9BFED9" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" box="[198,310,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C07FBFEE7FE9BFED9" box="[198,310,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">chalcodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, subadult female. The wasp stung, paralyzed and examined the tarantula with her antennae as it laid ventral side upward on a large rock (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C0562FEC3FCBFFE85" author="Campbell, G." box="[607,786,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref73415" refString="Campbell, G. (2012) Spidey has a BAD day ☹. Available from: https: // www. flickr. com / photos / 19806236 @ N 00 / 8005445435 / (accessed 24 August 2017)" type="url" year="2012">Campbell 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFBFFF8C07AAFEAFFC49FC0D" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFEAFFE17FE6A" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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OK: Pontotoc County,
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<quantity id="225D6B97FFBFFF8C06A1FEAFFE4EFEA1" box="[412,483,331,357]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
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W of Ada;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C0556FEAFFD59FEA1" box="[619,756,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2016-07-09">9 July 2016</date>
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; W. Edens. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C04FCFEAFFBF0FEA1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[961,1117,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C04FCFEAFFBF0FEA1" box="[961,1117,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C03BEFEAFFB6BFEA1" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1155,1222,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C03BEFEAFFB6BFEA1" box="[1155,1222,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">hentzi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, adult female. The wasp examined the paralyzed tarantula with her antennae and mouthparts as it laid ventral side upward on the ground (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C0619FE77FE03FE6A" author="Edens, W." box="[292,430,403,430]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref77600" refString="Edens, W. (2016) Tarantula Hawk. Available from: https: // www. flickr. com / photos / wesedens / 27585639373 / (accessed 10 July 2017)" type="url" year="2016">Edens 2016</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFE53FD5EFDDD" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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TX: Brewster County, Big Bend National Park;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C0588FE53FCE4FE15" box="[693,841,438,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2005-07-11">11 July 2005</date>
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; D. J. Leavitt. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C030EFE53FB62FE15" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1075,1231,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C030EFE53FB62FE15" box="[1075,1231,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C03C9FE53FA90FE15" box="[1268,1341,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C03C9FE53FA97FE15" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1268,1338,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">hentzi</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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adult or subadult female. The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula by the base of its left foreleg with her mandibles and pulled it backwards on the ground (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C056FFE1BFD4AFDDD" author="Leavitt, D. J." box="[594,743,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref85120" refString="Leavitt, D. J. (2012) Genus Pepsis. Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 47255 (accessed 25 May 2017)" type="url" year="2012">Leavitt 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFDC7FD16FD41" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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TX: Cameron County, Bayview;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C053BFDC7FD4DFDF9" box="[518,736,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2007-11-10">10 November 2007</date>
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; D. Crispin. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C0492FDC7FBE6FDF9" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[943,1099,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C0492FDC7FBE6FDF9" box="[943,1099,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C0351FDC7FB02FDF9" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1132,1199,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C0351FDC7FB02FDF9" box="[1132,1199,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">hentzi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, adult or penultimate female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed tarantula backwards, dorsal side upward, grasping the spider’s left chelicera with her mandibles (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C052AFD8FFD02FD41" author="Crispin, D." box="[535,687,619,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref75447" refString="Crispin, D. (2007) Wasp with tarantula- Pepsis. Available from: http: // www. bugguide. net / node / view / 156509 / bgimage (accessed 25 May 2017)" type="url" year="2007">Crispin 2007</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFD6BFB74FD35" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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TX: Cameron County, Bayview;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C0527FD6BFD50FD6D" box="[538,765,655,681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2007-11-12">12 November 2007</date>
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; DoubleDutch. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C04C0FD6BFB34FD6D" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1021,1177,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C04C0FD6BFB34FD6D" box="[1021,1177,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C03F9FD6BFA31FD6E" authority="(Chamberlin)" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1220,1436,655,682]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anax">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C03F9FD6BFB57FD6C" box="[1220,1274,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">anax</emphasis>
|
||
(Chamberlin)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFBFFF8C07F0FD57FEBDFD09" box="[205,272,691,717]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
tan tarantula), adult female. The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula by the base of its 2
|
||
<superScript id="12D06B3AFFBFFF8C03C5FD56FAA5FD04" attach="left" box="[1272,1288,690,704]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">nd</superScript>
|
||
right leg and pulled it backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, through grasses (DoubleDutch 2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFD1FFBFDFC99" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
TX: Cameron County, Harlingen;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C0527FD1FFD16FCD1" box="[538,699,763,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-04-18">18 April 2017</date>
|
||
, 1937 (CDT); T. Henehan. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C030BFD1FFB7FFCD1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1078,1234,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C030BFD1FFB7FFCD1" box="[1078,1234,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C03C5FD1FFA83FCD0" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1272,1326,763,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anax">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C03C5FD1FFA83FCD0" box="[1272,1326,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">anax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subadult female. The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula by the base of its left foreleg with her mandibles, dorsal side upward, and dragged it backwards on the ground through brush (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C04A6FCA7FBE9FC99" author="Henehan, T." box="[923,1092,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref81594" refString="Henehan, T. (2017) Tarantula Hawks and Allies (Subfamily Pepsinae). Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 5837969 (accessed 27 May 2017)" type="url" year="2017">Henehan 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFC83FC49FC0D" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
TX: Hays County, S of Austin;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C053EFC83FD16FC45" box="[515,699,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2010-08-26">26 August 2010</date>
|
||
, 2000 – 2200 (CDT); B. Ormand. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C03B2FC83FA86FC45" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1167,1323,871,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C03B2FC83FA86FC45" box="[1167,1323,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C026FFC83FA38FC45" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1362,1429,871,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C026FFC83FA38FC45" box="[1362,1429,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">hentzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female. The wasp dragged the spider backwards on the ground through vegetation, dorsal side upward, grasping the base of its left foreleg with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C040AFC4BFC75FC0D" author="Ormand, B." box="[823,984,943,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref89873" refString="Ormand, B. (2010) No title. Available from: http: // www. bugguide. net / node / view / 634281 / (accessed 18 May 2017)" type="url" year="2010">Ormand 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFBFFF8C07AAFC37FA24FB65" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFC37FB05FBF1" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
TX: Travis County, Greater Austin Metro Area, Wolf House Estate;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C04A2FC37FBDDFC29" box="[927,1136,979,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2013-09-07">7 September 2013</date>
|
||
; C. Hanks. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C0201FC37FEA7FBD5" ID-CoL="YGG" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C0201FC37FEA7FBD5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C0611FC13FE2EFBD5" box="[300,387,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">armada</emphasis>
|
||
(Chamberlin), adult female. The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula by its left forecoxa with her mandibles and pulled it backwards, dorsal side upward, on the ground (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C0332FBFFFB31FBF1" author="Hanks, C." box="[1039,1180,1051,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref81471" refString="Hanks, C. (2013) Tarantula Hawk Wasps (Genus Pepsis). Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 405355 (accessed 12 September 2017)" type="url" year="2013">Hanks 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFBDBFA24FB65" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
TX: Travis County, Greater Austin Metro Area, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C035CFBDBFA83FB9D" box="[1121,1326,1087,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-09-07">7 September 2017</date>
|
||
; M. Marr. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C0636FB87FE0AFBB9" ID-CoL="YGG" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[267,423,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C0636FB87FE0AFBB9" box="[267,423,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C06F3FB87FD88FBB9" box="[462,549,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">armada</emphasis>
|
||
, adult female. The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula by its right forecoxa with her mandibles and, maintaining it dorsal side upward, dragged it backwards on the ground (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C03C2FB63FAD0FB65" author="Marr, M." box="[1279,1405,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref86649" refString="Marr, M. (2017) Tarantula Hawks and Allies (Subfamily Pepsinae). Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 7841442 (accessed 12 September 2017)" type="url" year="2017">Marr 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFBFFF8C07AAFB4FFE60FA06" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFB4FFCBFFACA" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
TX: Uvalde County, Uvalde;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C06E3FB4EFDC5FB01" box="[478,616,1194,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2006-06-05">5 June 2006</date>
|
||
; J. Penney. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C0417FB4FFC6BFB01" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[810,966,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C0417FB4FFC6BFB01" box="[810,966,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C04D5FB4FFB83FB01" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1995" box="[1000,1070,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C04D5FB4FFB83FB01" box="[1000,1070,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">gabeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male. The wasp pulled the much larger and heavier paralyzed tarantula up a vertical surface with considerable difficulty, grasping the base of its left foreleg with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C0550FB17FCABFACA" author="Penney, J." box="[621,774,1267,1294]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref90555" refString="Penney, J. (2006) Tarantula Hawk- Pepsis - female. Available from: http: // www. bugguide. net / node / view / 76332 / bgimage (accessed 4 April 2017)" type="url" year="2006">Penney 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFAF3FEF4FABD" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
TX: Uvalde County, Sabinal;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C06D6FAF3FD61FAF5" box="[491,716,1303,1329]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2010-09-10">10 September 2010</date>
|
||
; K. Cave. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C04B7FAF3FB8BFAF5" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[906,1062,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C04B7FAF3FB8BFAF5" box="[906,1062,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C0370FAF3FB2EFAF4" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1101,1155,1303,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anax">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C0370FAF3FB2EFAF4" box="[1101,1155,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">anax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female. The wasp returned to the paralyzed tarantula as it laid ventral side upward on the ground, 10 minutes after stinging it (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C07F3FABBFEE0FABD" author="Cave, K." box="[206,333,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref73888" refString="Cave, K. (2010) 6 - Final Check. Available from: https: // www. flickr. com / photos / sandman _ ken / 4976569329 / in / photostream (accessed 6 June 2017)" type="url" year="2010">Cave 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFA67FE60FA06" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
TX: Webb County, near Laredo;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C053BFA67FD37FA59" box="[518,666,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2004-07-14">14 July 2004</date>
|
||
; T. Stoltey. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C045CFA67FC50FA59" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[865,1021,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C045CFA67FC50FA59" box="[865,1021,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C031DFA67FBFBFA58" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1056,1110,1411,1436]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anax">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C031DFA67FBFBFA58" box="[1056,1110,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">anax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female,
|
||
<quantity id="225D6B97FFBFFF8C03C0FA66FAE1FA59" box="[1277,1356,1410,1437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
|
||
(wasp,
|
||
<quantity id="225D6B97FFBFFF8C07FBFA43FEBBFA05" box="[198,278,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C0611FA43FE6CFA06" author="Stoltey, T." box="[300,449,1447,1474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref97502" refString="Stoltey, T. (2006) Pepsis formosa collected near Laredo, Texas- Pepsis grossa - female. Available from: http: // www. bugguide. net / node / view / 50983 / bgimage (accessed 13 May 2017)" type="url" year="2006">Stoltey 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFBFFF8C07AAFA2FFB35F925" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAFA2FFBE4F9E9" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFBFFF8C07AAFA2FFEA7FA21" box="[151,266,1483,1509]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFBFFF8C062AFA2FFE79FA21" box="[279,468,1483,1509]" country="Mexico" name="Chihuahua" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chihuahua State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFBFFF8C06DCFA2FFDF3FA21" box="[481,606,1483,1509]" country="Mexico" name="Chihuahua" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chihuahua</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C0551FA2FFCA5FA21" box="[620,776,1483,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-06-30">30 June 2017</date>
|
||
; A. Peña. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C04FBFA2FFBCFFA21" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[966,1122,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C04FBFA2FFBCFFA21" box="[966,1122,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C03B4FA2FFB40FA21" box="[1161,1261,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pallidum</emphasis>
|
||
(F. O. P.-Cambridge) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C0618FA0BFE63F9CE" box="[293,462,1519,1546]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Mexican gray tarantula), adult or subadult female. The wasp examined the paralyzed tarantula with her antennae as it laid on its right side on the ground (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBFFF8C04FCF9F7FB93F9E9" author="Pena, A." box="[961,1086,1555,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref90524" refString="Pena, A. (2017) Pepsis thisbe. Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 10869228 (accessed 17 April 2018)" type="url" year="2017">Peña 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBFFF8C07AAF9D3FB35F925" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFBFFF8C07AAF9D3FEA7F995" box="[151,266,1591,1617]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFBFFF8C0629F9D3FE05F995" box="[276,424,1591,1617]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colima State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFBFFF8C068EF9D3FDA4F995" box="[435,521,1591,1617]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colima</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBFFF8C052EF9D3FD69F995" box="[531,708,1591,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2018-10-09">9 October 2018</date>
|
||
; L. A. P. Rodríguez. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBFFF8C04D3F9D3FD85F9B2" authority="Tesmoignt, Cleton and Verdez" authorityName="Tesmoignt, Cleton and Verdez" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Brachypelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamorii">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBFFF8C04D3F9D3FB4EF995" box="[1006,1251,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brachypelma hamorii</emphasis>
|
||
Tesmoignt, Cleton and Verdez (Theraphosidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mexican orangeknee tarantula), adult or subadult female. The wasp stood over the paralyzed tarantula as it laid on the ground, ventral side upward, and examined it with her antennae. She then dragged the paralyzed tarantula through short grass on the ground, dorsal side upward, while grasping the base of its chelicera with her mandibles (L. Rodríguez,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFBFFF8C05C7F923FCE2F925" box="[762,847,1735,1761]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colima</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFBFFF8C0466F923FC1EF925" box="[859,947,1735,1761]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 2018 pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |