342 lines
34 KiB
XML
342 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="44D22B6460CF04EC4724EE2506E3BCC3" ID-CLB-Dataset="9376" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4891.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8cd88652-1627-4fbe-891d-062b3e02e511" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4309249" ID-ZooBank="6B0E1135-8C4E-4341-9793-AB970FBCD10B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1607335294722" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kurczewski, Frank E., West, Rick C., Waichert, Cecilia, Kissane, Kelly C., Ubick, Darrell & Pitts, James P." docDate="2020" docId="6D0C7764FFB4FF8807AAFC83FB3FFD41" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4891.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4891 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pepsis chrysothemis Lucas 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="91350F1CFFB3FF80073DFFE4FFADFFC4" masterDocTitle="New and unusual host records for North American and South American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698847227227" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9BF238C0FE62FA297B65D35387B0F68B">
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<mods:title id="3435EC08E0CCA574360C091296FBED72">New and unusual host records for North American and South American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="79C83F437F39EB5E0569EACBBF73E8A6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4EEF6B37E9A638A557A26A49E4C3FEA4">Kurczewski, Frank E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D7FDFC0FCB0D6C5E37A3BF5D2112BE04">West, Rick C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0585F0C18AF5C5F8BCA8A27F16AE5950">Waichert, Cecilia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D6DFF1CDAB1D564035963D8FDB4C3FCF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C40EBC321D31D14D574A8D370B0BBA89">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="775239D4417A77AF1C7723FC391C13A1">Kissane, Kelly C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2859EA0F2EF43A6B11B7510B1B551A6D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="69D41D616BF11EBAF5AA73A2CF5D92A0">Ubick, Darrell</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="644C2B3A026D064504A6750D4EA8FC29" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1A753017BD94F3424DA3BCAF64D8DE1A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3631B75BD507F25E865DE32003A6ACB3">Pitts, James P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9F4DC2CB91DBE3F97FD1C167581B3834">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="18CD44DFE4FA90060DF2783DF2051E53">
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<mods:date id="D4B89E93ACB651E8E74758C422AEEF3C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6BD42C179416301CF71D8F1000865B9F">2020-12-07</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="915421AC61C14DBB10BF9B606A321B20" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="791680349B2E67DE9AEB03F3564948A3">4891</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="13F7AD2AFDBCBF9315B29C64F215FD05">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3382B8919CCB160DE8AE9CC7D4418FD9" type="CLB-Dataset">9376</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B4938D6E19BA52611DF6DDA04D18DE95" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4891.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6D0C7764FFB4FF8807AAFC83FB3FFD41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4344718" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170716188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4344718" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFB4FF8807AAFC83FB3FFD41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D0C7764FFB4FF8807AAFC83FB3FFD41" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB4FF8707AAFC83FE62FC45" box="[151,463,870,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB4FF8707AAFC83FE62FC45" blockId="7.[151,1437,870,2014]" box="[151,463,870,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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||
<heading id="BE52711EFFB4FF8707AAFC83FE62FC45" bold="true" box="[151,463,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF8707AAFC83FE62FC45" ID-CoL="77463" authority="Lucas" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,463,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Pepsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysothemis">
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||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF8707AAFC83FE62FC45" bold="true" box="[151,463,870,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF8707AAFC83FED2FC45" bold="true" box="[151,383,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pepsis chrysothemis</emphasis>
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Lucas
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB4FF8707AAFC6FFB2CFB01" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB4FF8707AAFC6FFA93FC29" blockId="7.[151,1437,870,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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AZ: Cochise County, Huachuca Mountains, Sierra Vista;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFB4FF87041EFC6FFC14FC61" box="[803,953,907,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-08">August 2010</date>
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; A. V. Evans. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF87039DFC6FFA91FC61" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1184,1340,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF87039DFC6FFA91FC61" box="[1184,1340,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF87025EFC6FFE3EFC0D" authority="Chamberlin" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF87025EFC6FFEABFC0D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">chalcodes</emphasis>
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Chamberlin
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</taxonomicName>
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(Desert blond tarantula) (
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF870586FC4BFCCBFC0E" box="[699,870,943,970]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
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), adult female. The wasp examined the paralyzed tarantula with her mouthparts and antennae as it laid dorsal side upward on the ground (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB4FF8703A1FC37FA9EFC29" author="Evans, A. V." box="[1180,1331,979,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref77913" refString="Evans, A. V. (2010 a) Tarantula vs. Tarantula Hawk. Available from: https: // arthurevans. wordpress. com / 2010 / 09 / 15 / tarantula-vstarantula-hawk / (accessed 15 May 2017)" type="url" year="2010">Evans 2010a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB4FF8707AAFC13FB1FFB9E" blockId="7.[151,1437,870,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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AZ: Maricopa County, Mesa;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFB4FF8706DEFC13FDDFFBD5" box="[483,626,1015,1041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2016-04-09">
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9
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB4FF8706C8FC13FDDFFBD5" author="April" box="[501,626,1015,1041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref70154" refString="April (2016) # tarantulahawk # southernutah. Available from: https: // www. instagram. com / p / BMy 2 pyfjxs 2 /? takenby = glowinggoby (accessed 5 June 2018)" type="url" year="2016">April 2016</bibRefCitation>
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</date>
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; B. Korb. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF87041EFC13FC12FBD5" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[803,959,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF87041EFC13FC12FBD5" box="[803,959,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF8704DDFC13FBFAFBD5" box="[992,1111,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF8704DDFC13FBFEFBD5" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" box="[992,1107,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">chalcodes</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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immature. The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula by the base of its right foreleg with her mandibles and pulled it backwards on the ground. She dragged the spider for a distance of about
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<quantity id="225D6B97FFB4FF8705F3FBDBFD56FB9D" box="[718,763,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
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, climbing through a bush (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB4FF87031BFBDBFB0BFB9E" author="Korb, B." box="[1062,1190,1087,1114]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref83583" refString="Korb, B. (2016) Tarantula Hawk dragging prey- Pepsis - female. Available from: http: // www. bugguide. net / node / view / 1223095 / bgimage (accessed 3 May 2017)" type="url" year="2016">Korb 2016</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB4FF8707AAFB87FB2CFB01" blockId="7.[151,1437,870,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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AZ: Pima County, Sabino Canyon National Park;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFB4FF8705EBFB87FCD4FBB9" box="[726,889,1122,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2015-04-28">28 April 2015</date>
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; R. C. Clark. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF87035FFB87FB53FBB9" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1122,1278,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF87035FFB87FB53FBB9" box="[1122,1278,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF870218FB87FA38FBB9" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" box="[1317,1429,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF870218FB87FA38FBB9" box="[1317,1429,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">chalcodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, immature female. The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula by the base of its right pedipalp or foreleg with her mandibles and dragged it backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB4FF8704CCFB4FFBDBFB01" author="Clark, R. C." box="[1009,1142,1194,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref74506" refString="Clark, R. C. (2015) " Life and death in the desert. " Available from: https: // www. flickr. com / photos / dancingsnakenaturephotography / 19554788733 / (accessed 10 July 2017)" type="url" year="2015">Clark 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB4FF8707AAFB2BFD37F995" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB4FF8707AAFB2BFCBCFAF5" blockId="7.[151,1437,870,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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AZ: Pima County, Tucson, Tohono Chul Park;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFB4FF87059AFB2BFC83FB2D" box="[679,814,1230,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2015-07-01">1 July 2015</date>
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; G. Spesard. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF87033AFB2BFB0EFB2D" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1031,1187,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF87033AFB2BFB0EFB2D" box="[1031,1187,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF8703FAFB2BFA9AFB2D" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" box="[1223,1335,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF8703FAFB2BFA9AFB2D" box="[1223,1335,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">chalcodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, adult or subadult female. The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula by the base of its 2
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<superScript id="12D06B3AFFB4FF87031CFB16FB9CFAC4" attach="left" box="[1057,1073,1266,1280]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nd</superScript>
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right leg with her mandibles and dragged it backwards on the ground (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB4FF87055BFAF3FCA8FAF5" author="Spesard, G." box="[614,773,1302,1329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref97192" refString="Spesard, G. (2015) A providing mother. Available from: https: // www. flickr. com / photos / arizona _ native / 18713484844 / in / album- 72157625109336807 / (accessed 19 May 2017)" type="url" year="2015">Spesard 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB4FF8707AAFADFFE46FA21" blockId="7.[151,1437,870,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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AZ: Pinal County, Apache Junction;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFB4FF870508FADFFD6DFA91" box="[565,704,1339,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2012-06-01">1 June 2012</date>
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; C. Brown. Host:
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||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF8704B6FADFFB8AFA91" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[907,1063,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF8704B6FADFFB8AFA91" box="[907,1063,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
cf
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||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF870376FADFFB16FA91" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" box="[1099,1211,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF870376FADFFB16FA91" box="[1099,1211,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">chalcodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, adult female. After stinging and paralyzing the tarantula, the wasp tried unsuccessfully to pull the much larger and heavier spider backwards by grasping its spinnerets with her mandibles. Probably because of its relatively large size and heavy weight the tarantula was only lightly paralyzed and moved its legs frequently while lying dorsal side upward on the ground (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB4FF870670FA2FFE72FA21" author="Brown, C." box="[333,479,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref72794" refString="Brown, C. (2012) Tarantula Hawk Wasp Vs Tarantula. Available from: https: // www. youtube. com / watch? v = 287 mfv 6 lbDU (accessed 27 May 2017)" type="url" year="2012">Brown 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB4FF8707AAFA0BFD37F995" blockId="7.[151,1437,870,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
AZ: Pinal County, Superstition Mountains;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB4FF8705B5FA0BFC84F9CD" box="[648,809,1519,1545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2013-04-21">21 April 2013</date>
|
||
; C. Brown. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF8704C7FA0BFB3BF9CD" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1018,1174,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF8704C7FA0BFB3BF9CD" box="[1018,1174,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF870380FA0BFA80F9CD" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1940" box="[1213,1325,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF870380FA0BFA80F9CD" box="[1213,1325,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">chalcodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed tarantula backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its chelicerae with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB4FF8706C0F9D3FD22F995" author="Brown, C." box="[509,655,1591,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref72833" refString="Brown, C. (2013) Another Tarantula Hawk Wasp vs Tarantula. Available from: https: // www. youtube. com / watch? v = CF 55 JhncQ Ow & t = 1885 (accessed 25 August 2017)" type="url" year="2013">Brown 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB4FF8707AAF9BFFBA1F979" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB4FF8707AAF9BFFBA1F979" blockId="7.[151,1437,870,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="55CDCC2FFFB4FF8707AAF9BFFBA5F979" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990869546" collectingDate="2010-07-19" collectorName="A. Schmeirer" location="Patagonia" municipality="County" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
|
||
AZ:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB4FF8707F6F9BFFEE8F9B1" box="[203,325,1627,1653]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="057E5C08FFB4FF870671F9BFFE0DF9B1" box="[332,416,1627,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">County</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="E07A90A9FFB4FF870697F9BFFDB1F9B1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFB4FF8807AAFC83FB3FFD41:E07A90A9FFB4FF870697F9BFFDB1F9B1" box="[426,540,1627,1653]" municipality="County" name="Patagonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Patagonia</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB4FF87051AF9BFFD17F9B1" box="[551,698,1627,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-07-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="815F195AFFB4FF87051AF9BFFD17F9B1" box="[551,698,1627,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-07-19">19 July 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="4850A3A4FFB4FF8705FEF9BFFCF4F9B1" box="[707,857,1627,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. Schmeirer</collectorName>
|
||
. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF87049BF9BFFBEFF9B1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[934,1090,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF87049BF9BFFBEFF9B1" box="[934,1090,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF870359F9BFFB17F9B1" box="[1124,1210,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">madera</emphasis>
|
||
Hamilton, Hendrixson and Bond, adult female. The wasp transported the paralyzed tarantula backwards over large rocks, grasping the base of the spider’s left pedipalp with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB4FF87047AF947FBADF979" author="Schmeirer, A." box="[839,1024,1699,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref96114" refString="Schmeirer, A. (2010) WASP, TARANTULA (Pepsis grossa). Available from: https: // www. flickr. com / photos / sloalan / 4812518790 / in / photostream (accessed 30 June 2017)" type="url" year="2010">Schmeirer 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFB4FF8807AAF923FE15FE4D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB4FF8707AAF923FB9AF8ED" blockId="7.[151,1437,870,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
CA: San Diego County: Mission Trails Regional Park; S. Victor;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB4FF870452F923FBB3F925" box="[879,1054,1734,1761]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2015-03-28">28 March 2015</date>
|
||
. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF870356F923FAAAF925" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1131,1287,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF870356F923FAAAF925" box="[1131,1287,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF870214F923FA31F925" box="[1321,1436,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">eutylenum</emphasis>
|
||
Chamberlin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF870666F90FFDA9F8C2" box="[347,516,1771,1798]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB4FF870521F90FFD22F8C1" box="[540,655,1771,1797]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
ebony tarantula), adult or subadult female. The wasp examined the paralyzed tarantula as it laid partly on its left side on the ground (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB4FF87049DF8EBFB86F8ED" author="Victor, S." box="[928,1067,1806,1833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref99020" refString="Victor, S. (2015) # tarantulahawkwasp. Available from: https: // www. instagram. com / p / 0 yzQ 1 _ iRzu /? taken-by = svictory 19 (accessed 24 April 2018)" type="url" year="2015">Victor 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB4FF8707AAF8D7FE02F87D" blockId="7.[151,1437,870,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
CA: San Diego County: Mission Trails Regional Park;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB4FF870433F8D7FC07F889" box="[782,938,1843,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2019-05-21">21 May 2019</date>
|
||
; J. Pierce (j_pierce). Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF8703DFF8D7FAD3F889" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1250,1406,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF8703DFF8D7FAD3F889" box="[1250,1406,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFB4FF8707FBF8B3FD35F8B6" authority="(Ausserer)" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[198,664,1879,1906]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFB4FF8707FBF8B3FEF3F8B5" box="[198,350,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">steindachneri</emphasis>
|
||
(Ausserer) (Theraphosidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB4FF870598F8B3FCB5F8B5" box="[677,792,1879,1905]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
brownspot tarantula), subadult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed tarantula on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping the base of its right foreleg with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFB4FF87062AF87BFE0EF87D" author="Pierce, J." box="[279,419,1951,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref91352" refString="Pierce, J. (2019) Genus Pepsis. Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 25579305 (accessed 23 May 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Pierce 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFB4FF8807AAF827FDA6FF3D" blockId="7.[151,1437,870,2014]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
CA: Santa Clara County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFB4FF870683F827FD89F819" box="[446,548,1987,2013]" country="Uruguay" name="San Jose" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">San Jose</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Almaden Quicksilver County Park;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFB4FF8704F1F827FBCEF819" box="[972,1123,1987,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2018-07-11">11 July 2018</date>
|
||
; E. Rooks (edward_rooks). Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBBFF880636FF73FE0AFF75" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[267,423,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBBFF880636FF73FE0AFF75" box="[267,423,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBBFF8806F3FF73FDBFFF75" box="[462,530,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">iodius</emphasis>
|
||
(Chamberlin and Ivie) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBBFF88041AFF73FC7DFF76" box="[807,976,151,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Desert tarantula), adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed tarantula on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its right foreleg with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBBFF88064FFF3BFDADFF3D" author="Rooks, E." box="[370,512,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref94204" refString="Rooks, E. (2018) Pepsis thisbe. Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 14274278 (accessed 11 July 2018)" type="url" year="2018">Rooks 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBBFF8807AAFEE7FE15FE4D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
OK: Comanche County, near Wichita Mountains;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBBFF8805EFFEE7FCC7FED9" box="[722,874,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2013-07-29">29 July 2013</date>
|
||
; M. Crow. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBBFF88030FFEE7FB63FED9" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1074,1230,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBBFF88030FFEE7FB63FED9" box="[1074,1230,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBBFF8803C8FEE7FA30FEDA" authority="(Girard)" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1269,1437,259,286]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBBFF8803C8FEE7FA95FED9" box="[1269,1336,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">hentzi</emphasis>
|
||
(Girard)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFBBFF8807F0FEC3FEBDFE85" box="[205,272,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
brown tarantula), adult male, with 3
|
||
<superScript id="12D06B3AFFBBFF88058DFEC2FD13FEF0" attach="left" box="[688,702,294,308]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">rd</superScript>
|
||
right leg missing beyond coxa. The wasp grasped the right forecoxa of the paralyzed tarantula with her mandibles and pulled the spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBBFF880615FE8BFE01FE4D" author="Crow, M." box="[296,428,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref75552" refString="Crow, M. (2013) Tarantula Hawk Wasp. Available from: https: // www. flickr. com / photos / albinocrow 78 / 9854521103 / in / photostream / (accessed 19 August 2017)" type="url" year="2013">Crow 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFBBFF8807AAFE77FB3FFD41" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBBFF8807AAFE77FE5FFDDD" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="55CDCC2FFFBBFF8807AAFE77FE43FDDD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990869462" collectingDate="2017-07-11" collectionCode="R" collectorName="M. Rodriguez" country="Mexico" location="Marin" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nuevo Leon">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFBBFF8807AAFE77FEA7FE69" box="[151,266,403,429]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFBBFF880629FE77FE4CFE69" box="[276,481,403,429]" country="Mexico" name="Nuevo Leon" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nuevo Leon State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="225D6B97FFBBFF8806D1FE76FD88FE69" box="[492,549,402,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
S of
|
||
<location id="E07A90A9FFBBFF88055CFE77FD04FE69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFB4FF8807AAFC83FB3FFD41:E07A90A9FFBBFF88055CFE77FD04FE69" box="[609,681,403,429]" country="Mexico" name="Marin" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Nuevo Leon">Marin</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBBFF880589FE77FCEBFE69" box="[692,838,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2017-07-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="815F195AFFBBFF880589FE77FCEBFE69" box="[692,838,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2017-07-11">11 July 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="4850A3A4FFBBFF88046FFE77FC43FE69" box="[850,1006,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. Rodríguez</collectorName>
|
||
A. (Maricruz
|
||
<collectionCode id="83B45EB7FFBBFF8803B1FE77FB09FE69" box="[1164,1188,403,429]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.). Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBBFF88023CFE77FDE8FE16" authority="(Chamberlin and Ivie)" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin and Ivie" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moderatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBBFF88023CFE77FEEBFE15" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aphonopelma moderatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Chamberlin and Ivie)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female. The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula, lying on its left side on the ground, by the base of its 2nd right leg with her mandibles. The 1st and 3rd right legs of the spider were missing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBBFF880616FE1BFE4BFDDD" author="Rodriguez, A. M." box="[299,486,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref93625" refString="Rodriguez, A. M. (2017) Tarantula Hawk Wasps: Genus Pepsis. Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 9225938 (accessed 27 December 2017)" type="url" year="2017">Rodríguez 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFBBFF8807AAFDC7FB3FFD41" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFBBFF8807AAFDC7FEA7FDF9" box="[151,266,547,573]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFBBFF880625FDC7FE07FDF9" box="[280,426,547,573]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Puebla State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Zapotitlán Salinas;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFBBFF8805A4FDC7FCF2FDF9" box="[665,863,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2003-10-31">31 October 2003</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="83B45EB7FFBBFF880453FDC7FC29FDF9" box="[878,900,547,573]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R</collectionCode>
|
||
. Paredes León. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBBFF8803BBFDC7FB40FDF9" authorityName="Mendoza & Francke" authorityYear="2020" box="[1158,1261,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tliltocatl" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBBFF8803BBFDC7FB40FDF9" box="[1158,1261,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tliltocatl</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFBBFF880225FDC7FA30FDF9" box="[1304,1437,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">kahlenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
(Rudloff) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFBBFF88067DFDA3FE46FDA6" box="[320,491,583,610]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed tarantula backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFBBFF880494FD8FFB2AFD41" author="Paredes Leon, R." box="[937,1159,619,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref90211" refString="Paredes Leon, R. (2003) Araneae, Aracnidos, Pepsini. Available from: http: // www. imgrum. org / media / 1516294636930641465 _ 5421443139 (accessed 24 July 2017)" type="url" year="2003">Paredes León 2003</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |