380 lines
39 KiB
XML
380 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="4B524552FB5D11E5CAF5A9C6D7474E24" ID-CLB-Dataset="9376" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4891.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8cd88652-1627-4fbe-891d-062b3e02e511" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4309249" ID-ZooBank="6B0E1135-8C4E-4341-9793-AB970FBCD10B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1607335294722" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kurczewski, Frank E., West, Rick C., Waichert, Cecilia, Kissane, Kelly C., Ubick, Darrell & Pitts, James P." docDate="2020" docId="6D0C7764FFA0FF9407AAFF3BFD92FED9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4891.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4891 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pepsis mildei Stal" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="91350F1CFFB3FF80073DFFE4FFADFFC4" masterDocTitle="New and unusual host records for North American and South American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698847227227" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3FA9ACC6F0FE022187D86D5A796DA17C">
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<mods:title id="98E138CF2D5E49CFEAD51232F04ADA26">New and unusual host records for North American and South American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="611AFEB149824D58F50E611DC10405A0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1EFD15B84542C0BA94F5CE60E1E955FB">Kurczewski, Frank E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DA87C28C75F7A9D61B139FC8B9E8AEBB">West, Rick C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2E8A0848B341E909CCE0419D0AB9782C">Waichert, Cecilia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2548803983B3E3DCCDA2C8A55649E655" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0D5D609A62A3394678FAA05E2FB6E2E6">Kissane, Kelly C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D8371FA06EF6E11C7B169DB4C05FE803">Ubick, Darrell</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CBB0A6AD3101184E27286D59288F35D3">Pitts, James P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="79502009AD179E5E118F0AF4E5B95D8B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2FC0759222E47445ACB683A8121BDF24">
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<mods:date id="9C4B67AB860DF6DDDECACBC5560AD9C2">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CE1943B4A5AE0224B43E4901E923C1FA">2020-12-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C5FC7FABEE1E3ADB068338B47F9575BE">4891</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="ECC60A1D0F8C2F48F021AAC21B37C360">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6FEC649EE1F1042701DC12FE35C82ABB" type="CLB-Dataset">9376</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="91E7881E288353CE44BF59DD1A398AF1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4891.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D06BED161D79DCBFA7A3CED3BEE76038" type="GBIF-Dataset">8cd88652-1627-4fbe-891d-062b3e02e511</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6D0C7764FFA0FF9407AAFF3BFD92FED9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4344573" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170716211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4344573" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFA0FF9407AAFF3BFD92FED9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D0C7764FFA0FF9407AAFF3BFD92FED9" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFA0FF9307AAFF3BFC3AFF3E" box="[151,919,223,252]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAFF3BFC3AFF3E" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" box="[151,919,223,252]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="BE52711EFFA0FF9307AAFF3BFC3AFF3E" box="[151,919,223,252]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF9307AAFF3BFEC8FF38" ID-CoL="7747N" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[151,357,223,252]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Pepsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mildei">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF9307AAFF3BFEC8FF38" bold="true" box="[151,357,223,252]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF9307AAFF3BFE82FF3E" bold="true" box="[151,303,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pepsis mildei</emphasis>
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Stål
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(orange-winged variant) (Milde’s tarantula hawk)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFA0FF9307AAFEE7FDC3FD0A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAFEE7FB97FEA1" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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CA: Los Angeles County, San Gabriel Mountains, N of Altadena;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF9304B7FEE7FB89FED9" box="[906,1060,259,286]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2011-06-19">19 June 2011</date>
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; N. Bradley. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF93023CFEE7FA30FED9" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1281,1437,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF93023CFEE7FA30FED9" box="[1281,1437,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF9307DEFEC3FED6FE85" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[227,379,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF9307DEFEC3FED6FE85" box="[227,379,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">steindachneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, adult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed tarantula backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping the base of its 2
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<superScript id="12D06B3AFFA0FF930502FEAFFDE2FE9D" attach="left" box="[575,591,331,345]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nd</superScript>
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left leg with her mandibles (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA0FF9304ACFEAFFB82FEA1" author="Bradley, N." box="[913,1071,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref72523" refString="Bradley, N. (2011) Available from: https: // commons. wikimedia. org / wiki / File: _ Tarantula _ hawk _ cropped. JPG (accessed 10 May 2017)" type="url" year="2011">Bradley 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAFE8BFD78FDF9" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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CA: Los Angeles County, Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, Rancho Sierra Vista/Satwiwa;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF93024CFE8BFE94FE69" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2014-08">August 2014</date>
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; J. Guldimann. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF93050FFE77FD63FE69" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[562,718,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF93050FFE77FD63FE69" box="[562,718,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF9305C8FE77FC20FE69" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[757,909,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF9305C8FE77FC20FE69" box="[757,909,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">steindachneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, adult female. The wasp touched the tarantula with her antennae prompting the spider to rear up on its legs and expose its chelicerae. The wasp turned the tarantula onto its side and hurriedly stung it more than once in its cephalothorax, paralyzing it in a dorsal side upward position. She then grasped the paralyzed tarantula by its right chelicera with her mandibles and dragged it backwards on the ground (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA0FF930538FDC7FD64FDF9" author="Guldimann, J." box="[517,713,547,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref81031" refString="Guldimann, J. (2014) The Tarantula Hawk at Work. Available from: http: // themalibupost. blogspot. ca / 2014 / 08 / the-tarantulahawk-at-work. html (accessed 7 April 2017)" type="url" year="2014">Guldimann 2014</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAFDA3FDC3FD0A" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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CA: San Diego County, N of Barrett Junction;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF930585FDA3FCDCFDA6" box="[696,881,583,610]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2015-08-24">24 August 2015</date>
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, 1829 (PDT); D. Palmer. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF9303DCFDA3FAD0FDA5" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1249,1405,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF9303DCFDA3FAD0FDA5" box="[1249,1405,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF9307FBFD8FFEF3FD41" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[198,350,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF9307FBFD8FFEF3FD41" box="[198,350,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">steindachneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, adult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF93044DFD8FFB8BFD41" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[880,1062,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF93044DFD8FFB8BFD41" box="[880,1062,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. steindachneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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through thick non-native
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF93027BFD88FA31FD41" box="[1350,1436,620,645]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF93027BFD88FA31FD41" box="[1350,1436,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bromus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cover, grasping the base of its left foreleg with her mandibles. Many
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF9304EEFD74FB98FD6D" box="[979,1077,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Pepsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mildei">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF9304EEFD74FB98FD6D" box="[979,1077,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. mildei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but no other species of
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930271FD74FA38FD6D" box="[1356,1429,656,681]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Pepsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930271FD74FA38FD6D" box="[1356,1429,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pepsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, were seen in the area (
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<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA0FF930682FD57FDCFFD0A" author="Palmer, D." box="[447,610,691,718]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref90066" refString="Palmer, D. (2015 b) Milde's Tarantula Hawk (Pepsis mildei). Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 1890220 (accessed 10 April 2017)" type="url" year="2015">Palmer 2015b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFA0FF9307AAFD33FDEAF9CE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAFD33FC28FCFE" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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CA: San Diego County, near Dulzura, Barrett Junction;
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<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF93043BFD33FC14FD36" box="[774,953,727,754]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2015-08-18">18 August 2015</date>
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, 1850 (PDT); D. Palmer. Host:
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930227FD33FF45FCD1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930227FD33FF45FCD1" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930630FD1FFE08FCD1" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[269,421,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930630FD1FFE08FCD1" box="[269,421,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">steindachneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, adult male. The wasp dragged the paralyzed
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<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930491FD1FFBC9FCD1" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[940,1124,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
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<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930491FD1FFBC9FCD1" box="[940,1124,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. steindachneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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across a dirt road, grasping the base of its 2
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<superScript id="12D06B3AFFA0FF93064BFCFBFE2BFCE9" attach="left" box="[374,390,799,813]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nd</superScript>
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right leg with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA0FF9305EAFCFBFCD4FCFE" author="Palmer, D." box="[727,889,799,826]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref90029" refString="Palmer, D. (2015 a) Milde's Tarantula Hawk (Pepsis mildei). Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 1873613 (accessed 10 April 2017)" type="url" year="2015">Palmer 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAFCA7FD3AFC61" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
CA: San Diego County, El Cajon;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF930522FCA7FD06FC99" box="[543,683,835,862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2009-05-08">8 May 2009</date>
|
||
; BLEEP7. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930453FCA7FBA7FC99" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[878,1034,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930453FCA7FBA7FC99" box="[878,1034,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930312FCA7FB6AFC99" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1071,1223,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930312FCA7FB6AFC99" box="[1071,1223,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">steindachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed spider backwards, dorsal side upward, grasping the base of its left foreleg or pedipalp with her mandibles (BLEEP7 2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAFC4BFE5EFBF1" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
CA: San Diego County, Escondido;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF930515FC4BFD17FC0D" box="[552,698,943,969]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-07-22">22 July 2017</date>
|
||
, 1909 (PDT); K. S. Barnard. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930302FC4BFB76FC0D" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1087,1243,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930302FC4BFB76FC0D" box="[1087,1243,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF9303C0FC4BFA38FC0D" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1277,1429,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF9303C0FC4BFA38FC0D" box="[1277,1429,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">steindachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The wasp examined the paralyzed tarantula with her antennae as it laid ventral side upward on the ground. She then pulled it backwards on the ground, ventral side upward, grasping the base of its left hind leg with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA0FF93067AFBFFFE45FBF1" author="Barnard, K. S." box="[327,488,1051,1077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref71108" refString="Barnard, K. S. (2017) Mildei's Tarantula-hawk Wasp (Pepsis mildei). Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 7168585 (accessed 3 August 2017)" type="url" year="2017">Barnard 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAFBDBFB28FB65" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
CA: San Diego County, San Carlos; Mission Trails Regional Park;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF9304BFFBDBFB9BFB9D" box="[898,1078,1087,1113]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-08-12">12 August 2017</date>
|
||
, 1856 (PDT); D. Jehl (Fishdan). Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930634FB87FE08FBB9" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[265,421,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930634FB87FE08FBB9" box="[265,421,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF9306FAFB87FDF2FBB9" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[455,607,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF9306FAFB87FDF2FBB9" box="[455,607,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">steindachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed tarantula backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA0FF93033AFB63FBD4FB65" author="Jehl, D." box="[1031,1145,1159,1185]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref82521" refString="Jehl, D. (2017) Tarantula Hawk Wasps (Genus Pepsis). Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 7499654 (accessed 12 September 2017)" type="url" year="2017">Jehl 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAFB4FFC1EFAC9" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
CA: San Diego County, San Diego;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF930511FB4FFD54FB01" box="[556,761,1195,1221]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2007-11-04">4 November 2007</date>
|
||
; Cindy M. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930487FB4FFBFBFB01" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[954,1110,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930487FB4FFBFBFB01" box="[954,1110,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930347FB4FFABFFB01" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1146,1298,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930347FB4FFABFFB01" box="[1146,1298,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">steindachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male. The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula underneath its chelicera or base of right foreleg with her mandibles and pulled it backwards on the ground down a slope (Cindy 2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAFAF3FD8AFA5A" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
CA: San Diego County, San Dieguito River Park; 2003; R. Waayers. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF9304DCFAF3FBD0FAF5" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[993,1149,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF9304DCFAF3FBD0FAF5" box="[993,1149,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF93039DFAF3FA95FAF5" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1184,1336,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF93039DFAF3FA95FAF5" box="[1184,1336,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">steindachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult or subadult female. The wasp examined the paralyzed tarantula with her antennae as it laid ventral side upward at the mouth of an open burrow (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA0FF930526FABBFD12FABD" author="Waayers, R." box="[539,703,1375,1401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref99315" refString="Waayers, R. (2003) Tarantula hawk with its prey. Available from: http: // www. sdrp. org / resources / Ecology / Robyn % 20 Waayer / TARANTULA. htm (accessed 14 April 2017)" type="url" year="2003">Waayers 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; R. Waayers, Palomar, Miramar, and Southwestern Colleges, San Diego, CA, 2017 pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAFA43FDEAF9CE" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
CA: San Diego County, Santee;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF930530FA4CFD15FA05" box="[525,696,1447,1474]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2004-08-07">7 August 2004</date>
|
||
; Santee. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF93045AFA43FBAEFA05" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[871,1027,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF93045AFA43FBAEFA05" box="[871,1027,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930316FA43FB6EFA05" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1067,1219,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930316FA43FB6EFA05" box="[1067,1219,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">steindachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female. The wasp had difficulty in transporting the much heavier, paralyzed tarantula, grasping the base of its left foreleg with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA0FF930696FA0BFD91F9CE" author="Santee" box="[427,572,1519,1546]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref95491" refString="Santee. (2005) Wasp vs. Tarantula- Pepsis. Available from: http: // www. bugguide. net / node / view / 32172 (accessed 3 April 2017)" type="url" year="2005">Santee 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFA0FF9307AAF9F7FE64F9B1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAF9F7FE64F9B1" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="55CDCC2FFFA0FF9307AAF9F7FE68F9B1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990869465" collectingDate="2018-09-12" collectionCode="CA" collectorName="B. Garrett & Host & The" county="Obispo County" location="Paso Robles" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Luis">
|
||
<collectionCode id="83B45EB7FFA0FF9307AAF9F7FF6FF9E9" box="[151,194,1555,1581]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFA0FF9307F0F9F7FE9DF9E9" box="[205,304,1555,1581]" country="Argentina" name="San Luis" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">San Luis</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="0C7BBEFEFFA0FF93060AF9F7FE49F9E9" box="[311,484,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Obispo County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="E07A90A9FFA0FF9306D2F9F0FDD1F9E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFA0FF9407AAFF3BFD92FED9:E07A90A9FFA0FF9306D2F9F0FDD1F9E9" box="[495,636,1555,1582]" county="Obispo County" name="Paso Robles" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="San Luis">Paso Robles</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF9305B5F9F7FCC8F9E9" box="[648,869,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2018-09-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="815F195AFFA0FF9305B5F9F7FCC8F9E9" box="[648,869,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2018-09-12">12 September 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="4850A3A4FFA0FF93044CF9F0FC4CF9E9" box="[881,993,1555,1582]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B. Garrett</collectorName>
|
||
(beverly33). Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930380F9F7FAF4F9E9" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1213,1369,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930380F9F7FAF4F9E9" box="[1213,1369,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930240F9F0FF58F995" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">iodius</emphasis>
|
||
, adult or subadult female. The wasp stood near the paralyzed tarantula as it laid on the ground, dorsal side upward (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA0FF930615F9BFFE10F9B1" author="Garrett, B." box="[296,445,1627,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref79824" refString="Garrett, B. (2018) Milde's Tarantula Hawk. Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 16477384 (accessed 12 September 2018)" type="url" year="2018">Garrett 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFA0FF9307AAF99BFC17F925" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAF99BFC17F925" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
CA: Ventura County, Simi Valley;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF93052BF99BFD64F95D" box="[534,713,1663,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2017-08-19">19 August 2017</date>
|
||
; M. Hakins (Mad_Doggy). Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF930302F99BFB76F95D" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1087,1243,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930302F99BFB76F95D" box="[1087,1243,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aphonopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF9303C0F99BFA38F95D" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1277,1429,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steindachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF9303C0F99BFA38F95D" box="[1277,1429,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">steindachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, juvenile female. The wasp grasped the paralyzed tarantula by the base of its left hind leg with her mandibles and pulled it backwards on the ground across a dirt road (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA0FF930424F923FC03F925" author="Hakins, M." box="[793,942,1735,1761]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref81151" refString="Hakins, M. (2017) Tarantula hawk carrying off tarantula. Available from: https: // www. pinterest. com. au / explore / tarantula-hawk /? lp = true (accessed 14 September 2017)" type="url" year="2017">Hakins 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFA0FF9307AAF90FFC4FF819" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAF90FFC78F889" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="55CDCC2FFFA0FF9307AAF90FFC7CF889" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990869654" collectingDate="2014-02-02" collectionCode="T" country="Costa Rica" location="Fonda Vela Hotel" municipality="Monteverde" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFA0FF9307AAF90FFE92F8C1" box="[151,319,1771,1797]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFA0FF930671F908FD9BF8C1" box="[332,566,1771,1798]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Puntarenas Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="057E5C08FFA0FF93057EF90FFD60F8C1" box="[579,717,1771,1797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Monteverde</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="E07A90A9FFA0FF9305E7F90FFC0FF8C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFA0FF9407AAFF3BFD92FED9:E07A90A9FFA0FF9305E7F90FFC0FF8C1" box="[730,930,1771,1797]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Monteverde" name="Fonda Vela Hotel" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Fonda Vela Hotel</location>
|
||
grounds;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF93032BF90FFB7AF8C1" box="[1046,1239,1771,1797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2014-02-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="815F195AFFA0FF93032BF90FFB7AF8C1" box="[1046,1239,1771,1797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2014-02-02">2 February 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="83B45EB7FFA0FF9303DEF908FB58F8C2" box="[1251,1269,1772,1798]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</collectionCode>
|
||
. Knight. Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF9307FBF8EBFE5CF8ED" baseAuthorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[198,497,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Megaphobema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesomelas">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF9307FBF8EBFE5CF8ED" box="[198,497,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Megaphobema mesomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female. The wasp examined the paralyzed tarantula with her antennae and mouthparts as it laid dorsal side upward on the ground (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA0FF930408F8D7FC64F889" author="Knight, T." box="[821,969,1843,1869]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref83539" refString="Knight, T. (2014) Tarantula hawk wasp vs Tarantula. Available from: https: // www. flickr. com / photos / 54189378 @ N 02 / albums / 72157642035656403 / page 4 (accessed 27 August 2017)" type="url" year="2014">Knight 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA0FF9307AAF8B3FC4FF819" blockId="19.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="55CDCC2FFFA0FF9307AAF8B3FC73F819" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2990869467" collectingDate="2019-09-15" country="Mexico" location="Rio Magdelena" municipality="Alvaro Obregon Municipality" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mexico">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFA0FF9307AAF8B3FEA7F8B5" box="[151,266,1879,1905]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFA0FF93062AF8B3FE1CF8B5" box="[279,433,1879,1905]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mexico State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFA0FF930683F8B3FDE3F8B5" box="[446,590,1879,1905]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mexico City</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="057E5C08FFA0FF930561F8BDFC1DF8B5" box="[604,944,1879,1908]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Álvaro Obregón Municipality</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, near
|
||
<location id="E07A90A9FFA0FF9304CAF8B3FB05F8B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0C7764FFA0FF9407AAFF3BFD92FED9:E07A90A9FFA0FF9304CAF8B3FB05F8B5" box="[1015,1192,1879,1905]" country="Mexico" municipality="Alvaro Obregon Municipality" name="Rio Magdelena" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Mexico">Rio Magdelena</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFA0FF93038BF8B3FA3AF8B5" box="[1206,1431,1879,1906]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2019-09-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="815F195AFFA0FF93038BF8B3FA3AF8B5" box="[1206,1431,1879,1906]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2019-09-15">15 September 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; Argelia Luna Alegría (argelialuna). Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA0FF93059EF89FFC95F851" box="[675,824,1915,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hemirrhagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF93059EF89FFC95F851" box="[675,824,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hemirrhagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA0FF930462F89FFC6CF851" box="[863,961,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">chilango</emphasis>
|
||
Pérez-Miles and Locht, adult or subadult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed tarantula through low vegetation on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping the base of its left rear leg with her mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA0FF930401F827FC7BF819" author="Alegria, A. L." box="[828,982,1987,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref69727" refString="Alegria, A. L. (2019) Tarantula Hawk Wasp Tribe (Tribe Pepsini). Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 32870673 (accessed 17 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Alegría 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBF95F9FFA7FF9407AAFF73FD92FED9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51AC672FFA7FF9407AAFF73FD92FED9" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB286E2FFA7FF9407AAFF73FEA7FF75" box="[151,266,151,177]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFA7FF94062AFF73FE57FF75" box="[279,506,151,177]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Quintana Roo State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Cozumel Island;
|
||
<date id="911BE0B2FFA7FF9405F1FF73FC36FF75" box="[716,923,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2019-02-27">27 February 2019</date>
|
||
; A. Rios (itonny08). Host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA7FF9403EBFF73FA38FF74" baseAuthorityName="Ausserer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1238,1429,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tliltocatl" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagans">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D11A60FFA7FF9403EBFF73FA38FF74" box="[1238,1429,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tliltocatl vagans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female (det. J. Mendoza). The wasp examined the immobilized spider with her antennae and mouthparts as it laid on the ground, ventral side upward (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134BB83FFA7FF9405EDFF3BFCE5FF3D" author="Rios, A." box="[720,840,223,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref93171" refString="Rios, A. (2019) Tribe Pepsini. Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 20806736 (accessed 27 February 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Rios 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; J.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A5BDF1FFA7FF94044DFF3BFA94FF3D" authority=", Instituto de Biologia, UNAM" authorityName="Instituto de Biologia, UNAM" box="[880,1337,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Mendoza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mendoza, Instituto de Biologia, UNAM</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFA7FF94027AFF3BFF5AFED9" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mexico City</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="27610890FFA7FF94063FFEE7FEF7FED9" box="[258,346,259,285]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 2019 pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |