237 lines
26 KiB
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237 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="9D49ABB7BD9C066A93009B3BF18152C6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8770e7d9-65f4-4cee-a935-a5f365a95f32" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="258895" ID-ZooBank="00F1BDB5-AB25-47A0-B789-2E05D2E683DE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460009663303" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beaver, Roger A., Ghahari, Hassan & Sanguansub, Sunisa" docDate="2016" docId="6B5C9A7C475AFFDBC797E10EFD95FE5B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4098.3.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4098 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Orthotomicus erosus Wollaston 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="413" masterDocId="9765E2044751FFD7C700E71CFFD5FFD3" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran" masterLastPageNumber="441" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="412" updateTime="1698233404894" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D24FA7922DF9866421C311EBB44D8182">An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CE3ABF5883EB4ED971D13A620D364AFA">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3651335797F0211F7AAB1EFD23513E53">Ghahari, Hassan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C1C14259712B5ABF0103D0531232A2A4">Sanguansub, Sunisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2CFD364053A3704D1859A2BDE1BF7BEE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A003820998CF57D254665AA8E3A9FC6A">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="884F379B016B6847813669046FFA921A">4098</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5A698303A847C7A593DCD2D65CE0C8BE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6B5C9A7C475AFFDBC797E10EFD95FE5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669421" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119381152" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669421" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B5C9A7C475AFFDBC797E10EFD95FE5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B5C9A7C475AFFDBC797E10EFD95FE5B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E1475AFFDCC797E10EFD8AF9F8" box="[151,607,1554,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A475AFFDCC797E10EFD8AF9F8" blockId="11.[151,607,1554,1579]" box="[151,607,1554,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<heading id="B8029C06475AFFDCC797E10EFD8AF9F8" bold="true" box="[151,607,1554,1579]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475AFFDCC797E10EFD8AF9F8" ID-CoL="74XXC" authority="Wollaston, 1857" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,607,1554,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Orthotomicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erosus">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC797E10EFD8AF9F8" bold="true" box="[151,607,1554,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC797E10EFE52F9F9" bold="true" box="[151,391,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Orthotomicus erosus</emphasis>
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(Wollaston, 1857)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E1475AFFDCC797E146FC74F90C" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A475AFFDCC797E146FB6AF944" blockId="11.[151,1437,1626,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC797E146FE5EF9A0" bold="true" box="[151,395,1626,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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Distribution in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC64FE146FE53F9A0" box="[335,390,1626,1651]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC693E147FE13F9A1" box="[403,454,1627,1650]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Fars</collectingCountry>
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, West Azarbaijan, northern provinces (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC47CE146FBBBF9A0" author="Modarres" box="[892,1134,1626,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
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), Guilan (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC3DDE146FA42F9A0" author="Borumand" box="[1245,1431,1626,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Borumand, H. (1998) Insects of Iran: the list of coleoptera in the insect collection of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute: Coleoptera (XXIV), Curculionoidea, Fam. 162, 166 - 171 (Anthribidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Apionidae, Curculionidae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae. Plants Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, 110 pp." type="book chapter" year="1998">Borumand 1998</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC797E162FEB5F944" author="Amini" box="[151,352,1662,1687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Amini, S., Hosseini, R. & Sohani, M. M. (2013) A faunal study of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Guilan province in North of Iran. Entomofauna, 34, 169 - 176." type="journal article" year="2013">
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Amini
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC7E5E163FEC3F944" box="[229,278,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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), Tehran (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC6CFE162FD5CF944" author="Borumand" box="[463,649,1662,1687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Borumand, H. (1998) Insects of Iran: the list of coleoptera in the insect collection of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute: Coleoptera (XXIV), Curculionoidea, Fam. 162, 166 - 171 (Anthribidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Apionidae, Curculionidae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae. Plants Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, 110 pp." type="book chapter" year="1998">Borumand 1998</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC59EE163FD1EF945" box="[670,715,1663,1686]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Iran</collectingCountry>
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(no locality cited) (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC4A8E162FB66F944" author="Mifsud" box="[936,1203,1662,1687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Mifsud, D. & Knizek, M. (2009) The bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean). Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Malta, 2, 25 - 52." type="journal article" year="2009">Mifsud & Knižek 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A475AFFDCC7C7E1BEFC74F90C" blockId="11.[151,1437,1626,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC7C7E1BEFE1CF968" bold="true" box="[199,457,1698,1723]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">General distribution.</emphasis>
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Central and southern Europe, North Africa, Middle East,
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC38AE1BEFAC3F968" box="[1162,1302,1698,1723]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC227E1BEFA4DF968" box="[1319,1432,1698,1723]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC797E1DAFECDF90C" box="[151,280,1734,1759]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC623E1DAFEBCF90C" box="[291,361,1734,1759]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">China</collectingCountry>
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. Introduced into
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC526E1DAFDB3F90C" box="[550,614,1734,1759]" name="Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Chile</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC571E1DBFD06F90C" box="[625,723,1735,1759]" name="Uruguay" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC40AE1DAFC48F90C" box="[778,925,1734,1759]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E1475AFFDBC7C7E1F6FE6FFF2B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A475AFFDBC7C7E1F6FE6FFF2B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1626,2011]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC7C7E1F6FEF2F8D0" bold="true" box="[199,295,1770,1795]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Biology.</emphasis>
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The species breeds in
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475AFFDCC54AE1F0FCC7F8D0" box="[586,786,1770,1795]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC54AE1F0FD5FF8D0" box="[586,650,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Pinus</emphasis>
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(Pinaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, but maturation feeding can also occur on
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475AFFDCC228E1F7FE97F8F4" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cupressus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC228E1F7FA49F8D1" box="[1320,1436,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Cupressus</emphasis>
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(Cupressaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC654E012FDABF8F4" author="Mendel" box="[340,638,1806,1831]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Mendel, Z. & Halperin, J. (1982) The biology and behavior of Orthotomicus erosus in Israel. Phytoparasitica, 10, 169 - 181. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02994526" type="journal article" year="1982">Mendel & Halperin 1982</bibRefCitation>
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). Recorded in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC42BE013FC8DF8F5" box="[811,856,1807,1830]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Iran</collectingCountry>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475AFFDCC4A3E013FC36F8F5" box="[931,995,1807,1830]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC4A3E013FC36F8F5" box="[931,995,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Pinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475AFFDCC320E012FB52F8F4" box="[1056,1159,1806,1831]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC3A0E012FA42F8F4" author="Modarres" box="[1184,1431,1806,1831]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC797E02EFEBBF898" author="Amini" box="[151,366,1842,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Amini, S., Hosseini, R. & Sohani, M. M. (2013) A faunal study of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Guilan province in North of Iran. Entomofauna, 34, 169 - 176." type="journal article" year="2013">
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Amini
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC7EAE028FEF5F898" box="[234,288,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475AFFDCC6BAE02FFD1BF898" box="[442,718,1843,1867]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cupressus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sempervirens">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC6BAE02FFD1BF898" box="[442,718,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Cupressus sempervirens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475AFFDCC5DAE02FFB9EF898" box="[730,1099,1842,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" rank="variety" variety="horizontalis">
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var.
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC40EE02EFC41F898" box="[782,916,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">horizontalis</emphasis>
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(Cupressaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC35EE02EFA8CF898" author="Modarres" box="[1118,1369,1842,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). The biology, behaviour and seasonal history have been studied by Mendel and colleagues (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC373E04AFA42F8BC" author="Mendel" box="[1139,1431,1878,1903]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Mendel, Z. & Halperin, J. (1982) The biology and behavior of Orthotomicus erosus in Israel. Phytoparasitica, 10, 169 - 181. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02994526" type="journal article" year="1982">Mendel & Halperin 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC797E066FEEBF840" author="Mendel" box="[151,318,1914,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Mendel, Z. (1983 a) Seasonal history of Orthotomicus erosus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Israel. Phytoparasitica, 11, 13 - 24. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02980707" type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="a">Mendel 1983a</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC64DE066FDFFF840" author="Mendel" box="[333,554,1914,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Mendel, Z., Boneh, O., Shenhar, Y. & Riov, J. (1991) Diurnal flight patterns of Orthotomicus erosus and Pityogenes calcaratus in Israel. Phytoparasitica, 19, 23 - 31. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02981008" type="journal article" year="1991">
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Mendel
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC6ACE060FE35F840" box="[428,480,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">et al</emphasis>
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. 1991
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</bibRefCitation>
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) in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC55CE066FD48F840" box="[604,669,1914,1939]" name="Israel" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Israel</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC5DDE066FCA0F840" author="Tribe" box="[733,885,1914,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Tribe, G. D. (1990 b) Phenology of Pinus radiata log colonization and reproduction by the European bark beetle Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the south-western Cape province. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 53, 117 - 126." type="journal article" year="1990" yearSuffix="b">Tribe (1990b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC483E067FC68F840" author="Tribe" box="[899,957,1915,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Tribe, G. D. (1992) Colonization sites on Pinus radiata logs of the bark beetles, Orthotomicus erosus, Hylastes angustatus and Hylurgus ligniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 55, 77 - 84." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
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) in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475AFFDCC4EEE066FB51F840" box="[1006,1156,1914,1939]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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|
. Various aspects of host selection behaviour are discussed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC54EE082FCE9F864" author="Walter" box="[590,828,1950,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Walter, A. J., Kells, S. A., Venette, R. C. & Seybold, S. J. (2010 a) Boring in response to bark and phloem extracts from North American trees does not explain host acceptance behavior of Orthotomicus erosus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environmental Entomology, 39, 661 - 669. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / EN 09320" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">
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Walter
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<emphasis id="D181F778475AFFDCC5A3E083FD0CF864" box="[675,729,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">et al</emphasis>
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|
. (2010a
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC44CE082FC88F864" author="Walter" box="[844,861,1950,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Walter, A. J., Venette, R. C., Kells, S. A. & Seybold, S. J. (2010 b) Walking response of the Mediterranean pine engraver, Orthotomicus erosus, to novel plant odors in a laboratory olfactometer. Journal of Insect Behavior, 23, 251 - 267. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10905 - 010 - 9211 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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). The interactions between the species and other scolytines attacking pine have been studied by
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475AFFDCC5E9E0DFFBA5F808" author="Amezaga" box="[745,1136,1986,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refString="Amezaga, I. & Rodriguez, M .. (1998) Resource partitioning of four sympatric bark beetles depending on swarming dates and tree species. Forest Ecology and Management, 109, 127 - 135. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0378 - 1127 (98) 00229 - 1" type="journal article" year="1998">Amezaga and Rodríguez (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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. The species, like other
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475DFFDBC797E78BFEE4FF63" box="[151,305,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Orthotomicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475DFFDBC797E78BFEE4FF63" box="[151,305,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Orthotomicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species found in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475DFFDBC6FDE784FDF8FF7C" box="[509,557,152,175]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Iran</collectingCountry>
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|
, normally attacks weakened or dead trees, but primary attacks on apparently healthy trees can occur following fires, or when populations build up in dead host trees left
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<emphasis id="D181F778475DFFDBC3C0E7A1FAD2FF07" box="[1216,1287,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">in situ</emphasis>
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in the forest (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475DFFDBC79EE7FCFEF5FF2B" author="Serez" box="[158,288,224,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Serez, M. (1987) Verwendung des Aggregationspheromon-Praparats " Ipslure " gegen den mediterranean Kiefernborkenkafer, Ips (Orthotomicus) erosus (Woll.) (Col. Scolytidae). Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz, 60, 94 - 95." type="journal article" year="1987">Serez 1987</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475DFFDBC62CE7C3FE78FF2B" author="Paiva" box="[300,429,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Paiva, M. R. (1995) Population trends and olfactory responses of scolytid species and their predators on Pinus pinaster Ait. in Portugal. In: Hain, F. P., Salom, S. M., Ravlin, W. F., Payne, T. L. & Raffa, K. F. (Eds.), Behavior, Population Dynamics and Control of Forest Insects. Ohio State University, Wooster, pp. 45 - 58." type="book chapter" year="1995">Paiva 1995</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E1475DFFDBC7C7E618FD95FE5B" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A475DFFDBC7C7E618FD95FE5B" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475DFFDBC7C7E618FE9AFECE" bold="true" box="[199,335,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Comments.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475DFFDBC658E619FC60FECE" authority="Marshall, 1885" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1885" box="[344,949,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetermisus" subGenus="Glabrobracon">
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<emphasis id="D181F778475DFFDBC658E619FE7FFECF" box="[344,426,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Bracon</emphasis>
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|
(
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<emphasis id="D181F778475DFFDBC6BCE618FD8EFECE" box="[444,603,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Glabrobracon</emphasis>
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|
)
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F778475DFFDBC56EE619FCD5FECF" box="[622,768,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">praetermisus</emphasis>
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|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475DFFDBC409E618FCBAFECE" box="[777,879,260,285]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Marshall</collectingCountry>
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|
, 1885
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
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|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475DFFDBC4C5E618FBB1FECF" box="[965,1124,260,284]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475DFFDBC370E618FB27FECE" box="[1136,1266,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
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|
) was collected from Guilan (northern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475DFFDBC698E634FE12FE93" box="[408,455,296,320]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
) by Ghahari
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F778475DFFDBC55CE635FD5BFE93" box="[604,654,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al</emphasis>
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|
. (2012). Since it is a parasitoid of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475DFFDBC315E63BFF2EFEB6" authority="Beyarslan et al. 2005" authorityName="Beyarslan et al." authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Orthotomicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erosus">
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|
<emphasis id="D181F778475DFFDBC315E63BFB2AFE93" box="[1045,1279,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Orthotomicus erosus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475DFFDBC20EE63BFF26FEB6" author="Beyarslan" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Beyarslan, A., Cetin Erdogan, O. & Aydogdu, M. (2005) A survey of Braconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of Turkish Western Black Sea Region. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 37, 195 - 213." type="journal article" year="2005">Beyarslan et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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)
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E9475DFFDBC631E651FE4EFEB7" box="[305,411,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Orthotomicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F778475DFFDBC631E651FE4EFEB7" box="[305,411,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475DFFDBC631E651FE9DFEB7" box="[305,328,333,356]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">O</collectingCountry>
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|
. erosus
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a dominant species in northern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA475DFFDBC419E651FC93FEB7" box="[793,838,333,356]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475DFFDBC455E650FB90FEB7" author="Modarres" box="[853,1093,332,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B475DFFDBC351E650FADCFEB7" author="Borumand" box="[1105,1289,332,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Borumand, H. (1998) Insects of Iran: the list of coleoptera in the insect collection of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute: Coleoptera (XXIV), Curculionoidea, Fam. 162, 166 - 171 (Anthribidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Apionidae, Curculionidae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae. Plants Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, 110 pp." type="book chapter" year="1998">Borumand 1998</bibRefCitation>
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), its role as a natural enemy should be investigated.
|
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</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |