399 lines
57 KiB
XML
399 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="20067" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bdbd00b-4927-4adb-9609-0cc35e1a7920" ID-PMC="PMC9005471" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1090-161" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE" ID-PubMed="35586844" ID-ZooBank="3B13C71EE11B49D2891C050DBD514872" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1090-161" checkinTime="1648647504971" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nethupul, Hasitha, Stoehr, Sabine & Zhang, Haibin" docDate="2022" docId="6AA0A5B65BD553F3BA59D1CDDFD2CFBA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1090: 161-216" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1090" docPubDate="2022-03-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292" docTitle="Asteroschema salix Lyman 1879" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE" masterDocTitle="Order Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), new species and new records from the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific seamounts" masterLastPageNumber="216" masterPageNumber="161" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1732748111183" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="202A16951811C2A5195ABD7F023F4891">
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<mods:title id="93CB572C526A54FECD49395C6A669745">Order Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), new species and new records from the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific seamounts</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="04EDBAE3E88C50F875DA5DFDB133C730" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="481BE5E11B38C48DF760A3C4DA95C69D">Nethupul, Hasitha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F35E6DE5C174EF58420EA8177C182DAE" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-2719</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7E10CE9DB83A5983E2AEB3C31ED4C298">Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4986A1934B94E33C3E15C9F59C6BC08C">Stoehr, Sabine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4E44F9776B66EF573D3AD24701843B16" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2586-7239</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="388A2CBE77318B7FE446287B0B62AD24">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Dept of Zoology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2CE7E3283D92B42BE3F01B8AD1CDB068">Zhang, Haibin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0290A175670FC00EC5756769BA9A1E95" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-9851</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="EEA9E6A53223E688CB9BAE05144C1BA7">Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6FAC08C7168AC52C091CAA6E56EBD6CB" type="email">hzhang@idsse.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="BCA2C92C53636E446A67631F744A442A">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="171B5070F9A9FF1C7C4AD6766AD77338">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9E8D487614E260A916BC3D471377A17B">2022-03-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D56449F62D3B3842FD570905CE943F12">1090</mods:number>
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<treatment id="6AA0A5B65BD553F3BA59D1CDDFD2CFBA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194310894" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6AA0A5B65BD553F3BA59D1CDDFD2CFBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6AA0A5B65BD553F3BA59D1CDDFD2CFBA" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" scope_class="Ophiuroidea" scope_family="Euryalidae" scope_order="Euryalida" scope_phylum="Echinodermata">
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<subSubSection id="28639632757EC9E70CA2DA4BA8B56787" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8FE7F56376E2EE13FE4344F5B7A9EC70" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName id="402E44B85979258E2EC184C953CBAB78" ID-CoL="67W6M" LSID="6AA0A5B6-5BD5-53F3-BA59-D1CDDFD2CFBA" authority="Lyman, 1879" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema salix" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="salix">Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C1DD74DD3C6885C35C403CB68DE17B1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CFA5DADAE93ABA22E92C84B3973F0AE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<figureCitation id="93FA3572697F85360074E08FCBDC2B31" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figures 14</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="567AFC63744DDA0CA722ADE0DCFF6C77" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A lateral arm plate B outer arm spine (middle) C inner arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (B, F-J); 300 µm (A, C, E); 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665891" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">, 15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B828250A319E4CA5BFBEFB15A5B17E77" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4E1D78570A8F5ED22B6D77C7BC388B92" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName id="C327AA5A706A05CB1CA20FFAAC59B8B6" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema salix" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="salix">Asteroschema salix</taxonomicName>
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Lyman, 1879: 66-67, fig. 17, figs 466-469; 1882: 277, fig. 22, figs 13-15;
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<bibRefCitation id="2CE4D7E653BA1D98C56D608B10F658ED" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763" author="Baker, AN" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="11 - 83" refId="B2" refString="Baker, AN, 1980. Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the south-west Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 11 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763" title="Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the south-west Pacific Ocean." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763" volume="7" year="1980">Baker 1980</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 22;
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<bibRefCitation id="0AD38F37AAA529E0C84B50626AAC27CB" author="McKnight, DG" journalOrPublisher="NIWA N Biodiversity Memoir, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B51" refString="McKnight, DG, 2000. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). NIWA N Biodiversity Memoir, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington 115: 1 - 79" title="The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida)." volume="115" year="2000">McKnight 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 21-22, fig. 6;
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<bibRefCitation id="8AAA9A84A3A03B00C5392C44E817C96B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.17159/2305-7963/2015/v11n1a3" author="Olbers, JM" journalOrPublisher="African Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="83 - 116" refId="B65" refString="Olbers, JM, Samyn, Y, Griffiths, CL, 2015. New or notable records of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from South Africa. African Natural History 11: 83 - 116, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17159/2305-7963/2015/v11n1a3" title="New or notable records of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.17159/2305-7963/2015/v11n1a3" volume="11" year="2015">Olbers et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 85, fig. 1A, B; 2019: 51-52, fig. 24-25.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BF1C827EDA58478A083FAFBE1C2947E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="815A255BAB980AD84F41B1189B1AF4AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F8381E0F55C53EFA692DCE614BB078B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<materialsCitation id="23905028065C8B5AE26B2C98D909A1E7" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="China" location="China" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry id="F20992835799AE9EBA648EBC40CFDD75" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount id="87153FD3B71CC0484B5F483C1E17D399" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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; South
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="68AC14A37ECC364030D2970D66884890" accessionNumber="OK044301, OL712214" collectingDate="2020-09-19" country="China" elevation="1775" latitude="15.610666" location="Sea" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="116.12883" municipality="Zhongsha Islands" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry id="DDEC26FBD49522F8B35B54FD1C0D6878" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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<location id="7A67BA2A185EABD4E3E1CB808D5AFA9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6AA0A5B65BD553F3BA59D1CDDFD2CFBA:7A67BA2A185EABD4E3E1CB808D5AFA9E" country="China" latitude="15.610666" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="116.12883" municipality="Zhongsha Islands" name="Sea">Sea</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="C4A9E3663EF27982EE653441C537DB3F">Zhongsha Islands</collectingMunicipality>
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, seamount;
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<geoCoordinate id="9DB2CD875FE08DE985A2887E4A19445D" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="36.64" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="15.610666">15°36.64'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="58138A87EB3E534D0CD81C6076F18E17" degrees="116" direction="east" minutes="7.73" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="116.12883">116°7.73'E</geoCoordinate>
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; depth
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<quantity id="C4EE17349C42E70DFA6F735BB7858BE8" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.775" unit="m" value="1775.0">
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<elevation id="BAA18F3982ECBD19DCDB78A20D2F5164" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.775" unit="m" value="1775.0">1775 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
;
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<collectingDate id="82A1639D0AEAC7BA62A9E93EE407DE4A" value="2020-09-19">19 Sep. 2020</collectingDate>
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; Collecting event: stn. SC010;
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<normalizedToken id="888B999BCF43DAC657DB03A7EFE9BB58" originalValue="‘Shenhaiyongshi’">'Shenhaiyongshi'</normalizedToken>
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msv leg; preserved in 95% ethanol; GenBank:
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<accessionNumber id="A2481B3D81D93CD65743034B06BCEF30" isEnumeration="true">OK044301, OL712214</accessionNumber>
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; IDSSE-EEB-SW0082
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="06623BF7FE74EB0598BFCD3AC5F8E381" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FCEB61162E63FB70095708E0555F9174" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C547085F1917C6444567BCB9FEE8528B" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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Disc diameter 10 mm, length of arms 145 mm (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="C490BC7A1CAE30FEB5B88C7FE5190C47" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Asteroschema tubiferum Matsumoto, 1911 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0078) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665888" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">12</figureCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="1BC39B1C3E5FAED5FF2A69CAD5CD4E8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis id="3269EB82EDD81F5B72C63BCC3053F8AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis id="2E075DD85ECB5AD20CFEACB118D7C428" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Disc</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Disc flat, strongly raised above arms (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="B8A6E34EA6E0037DEA8F0E04985A3790" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14A, B</figureCitation>
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). Disc covered by thin skin with fine, small, rounded granular ossicles, dense in center (seven or eight grains in 1 mm), but separated at distal edge (six or seven grains in 1 mm) (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A3258BCEA2811273A7D856AA20D9162F" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14C, D</figureCitation>
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). Radial shields long, narrow, widely separated distally, convergent proximally, meeting in disc center (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="222FBB93BF271DC3359736518D661D3A" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14C</figureCitation>
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). Genital slits narrow, and vertical on ventral interradii (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EF858182E2984F04C5D1B6D1E50C20E" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Jaws elongated, covered with granular ossicles but near apex fewer granular ossicles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="57254116AF30880FCE31D21921A5B072" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Flattened, spearhead-shaped teeth and granular ossicles that resemble lateral oral papillae at apex of jaw (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="517B879515CFCD10142B137DF0A7FB00" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral disc covered with granular ossicles similar to dorsal disc (six or seven grains in 1 mm), slightly separated (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7F425A3AE9E4FE085C04F68FAB004B24" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adoral shields large, connected to first ventral arm segment, concealed by thin skin with granular ossicles, but plate outline visible (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3C768B6006C4FA6C47DAB449A0C7E152" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral shields not discernible and adoral shield spine covered with ossicles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C324EAA2E9528CA2A8B69AACACB0E172" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2D7522E437FC5DC94EB71A68818D743A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
||
<paragraph id="90A268DD7184B4669A8D5B2CD7E93A8A" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="431AFC563CA9CBDBC036C833EBA6CF8A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC46633049CFD07C4F7525C05853D5A8" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema salix" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="salix">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CFA69589FA7154AF32F505A80257415" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW0082)
|
||
<emphasis id="55DB132FC4B435C9F35EA00D742FF90E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="77C4A06EFB861C7397699F3AD96453F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="844D222CF85060B6886E8AE222CF5323" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal disc
|
||
<emphasis id="A8B1A112E722159F92B41FD7B0EE4415" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
|
||
skin on the arm
|
||
<emphasis id="CC7CE7ABA594781860806D8F1A0DED5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
|
||
ventral disc
|
||
<emphasis id="9D09030A7AD57450E200936B703E8421" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal arm (proximal)
|
||
<emphasis id="75C8364D679B4ABB675957007426718A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">G</emphasis>
|
||
lateral arm (middle)
|
||
<emphasis id="3B7A598B75FE02B08303596E69CD2D3E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
|
||
ventral arm (proximal)
|
||
<emphasis id="22BA71D1BD654FF7910A9B2A14A69C8C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
|
||
ventral arm (distal)
|
||
<emphasis id="44788D4062F62FC60DE2CED4F875B98A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J</emphasis>
|
||
outer arm spine (proximal)
|
||
<emphasis id="D552936BBB43C901BDDFB4EB5CDDC097" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
arm spines (middle)
|
||
<emphasis id="CED7C78AD61B0AC1048F5B7FB9A7C5DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">L</emphasis>
|
||
arm spines (distal). Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="DC332F2929C01B70B16EA64222185FBF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">as</emphasis>
|
||
adoral shield,
|
||
<emphasis id="65CAED53C6DFE9FDF5CCF47CFDE40675" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ass</emphasis>
|
||
adoral shield spine,
|
||
<emphasis id="A9B9E7787B1619FB2DCA13D9DE96E40B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ars</emphasis>
|
||
arm spine,
|
||
<emphasis id="E94FB67A8BDF12B2A4CFF016887713AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">go</emphasis>
|
||
granular ossicle,
|
||
<emphasis id="D5EFFBB04025306483DC98E9564BB9F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">gs</emphasis>
|
||
genital slit,
|
||
<emphasis id="91F0AEC642F5F660A69048C7F779F38F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">iars</emphasis>
|
||
inner arm spine,
|
||
<emphasis id="CC67DEBD05E8A79C29E010632864526B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">j</emphasis>
|
||
jaw,
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5AD82AE58DAEB25B3ABEC6D168569" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">oars</emphasis>
|
||
outer arm spine,
|
||
<emphasis id="E6FE02D8C47577172902D0800687D12A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ots</emphasis>
|
||
oral tentacle scale,
|
||
<emphasis id="45F39094CFBC0268BE1CF15953103455" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">rs</emphasis>
|
||
radial shield,
|
||
<emphasis id="F67D4754487F585A732815978AE46CAE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">t</emphasis>
|
||
teeth,
|
||
<emphasis id="E2C44840CA70A7A4A124D8C0519395AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">tp</emphasis>
|
||
tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="7A1FB580405B11B671D3194EE5FFC47A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="56DB806BD58C645E737529E7D23DD87D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C, E-H</emphasis>
|
||
); 500
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B4DAC54222ED3DEAB5DF39E7DDE3C40F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="06FC799ED58A2D3D5F309319DD46B2E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J, K</emphasis>
|
||
); 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0C497DB10B2524E2EDAAA53B486CAC8F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="AB077482471AD62F958594B5A87D2AE1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D, I, L</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A05A44EDFBC490E43A449F18D3675F56" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="F68EBAE70143972FC7BDEE14B8217A5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="01E085C3DE8FACE46745483AD36895EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Arms</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Arms sub-cylindrical, not swollen, narrower and more cylindrical in distal half of arm (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B71500CA87DF445B39A6A8B33C3429" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal and lateral arm base covered with granular ossicles similar to disc (six or seven grains in 1 mm), on middle segments granular coverage similar to arm base (six or seven grains in 1 mm), and distally decreasing in size and widely separated (grains six or eight in 1 mm) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CAA22C4165035424D0F32C0D787A9A8" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). On lateral arm plate, granular ossicles continue toward base of arm spine (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D1B090CC59F3632F60359850483EEA60" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14G, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral surface of arm base covered with granular ossicles similar to ventral disc but less dense (six or seven grains in 1 mm), widely separated and decreasing in size to naked at middle to distal end of arm (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4849A6258DE49B9580BF2410C4DF6604" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). First tentacle pore without arm spine (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5DD8918205B4647831F878C595E0346" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14E</figureCitation>
|
||
). First arm spine appears at second arm segment, second arm spine at fifteenth or nineteenth segment. Inner arm spine cylindrical, one arm segment in length, flattened, with blunt, thorny tip, slightly club-shaped (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E89B060741C1BDFA507764D9D4CBD4FD" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer arm spine half as long as inner, with thorny tip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C688513F179A33E78940F5A81643D75D" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both arm spines equal in length at distal end of arm, and turning into compound hook with 3-5 secondary teeth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="899776E341978042BE3E3A936511DE91" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C6F7998420D7F5979E1A20C410EDE387" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="B1ECF50C9D72444B3C0AF54867D406B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4E3D8FEBACD1ADDE25F4EAAA6E8F410" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Color</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In ethanol, pink but when dried, dull brown to whitish (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED91724827687697B9EC4EB8EC42CEB5" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the arm E ventral disc F dorsal arm (proximal) G lateral arm (middle) H ventral arm (proximal) I ventral arm (distal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, E-H); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665890" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="23574A18191487D3ED90BF7D57BE6DB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="ossicle morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D132D47732C5A40FD76017D5790E7F1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Ossicle morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E6F146A1E572FF5E333CE538E1B41982" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Lateral arm plate with two arm spine articular structures, with two large muscle and nerve openings (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7833250B9B9CDFF48C1718731A85EFF" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A lateral arm plate B outer arm spine (middle) C inner arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (B, F-J); 300 µm (A, C, E); 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665891" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">15A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inner arm spine at proximal and middle half of arm cylindrical, with thorny tip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4871079342EFE287CEBBD053DC318E8" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A lateral arm plate B outer arm spine (middle) C inner arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (B, F-J); 300 µm (A, C, E); 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665891" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">15B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer arm spine cylindrical with pointed tip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3979FB359295F146C1E00DCFFF3E9DB4" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A lateral arm plate B outer arm spine (middle) C inner arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (B, F-J); 300 µm (A, C, E); 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665891" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">15C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distally arm spine turns into compound hook with secondary teeth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="932D53CA746A7B48E9A56765D3D9E66F" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A lateral arm plate B outer arm spine (middle) C inner arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (B, F-J); 300 µm (A, C, E); 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665891" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">15D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arm and disc concealed by wider polygonal to rounded granular ossicles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A263F7189D7DF5B4F6C33637367C7419" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A lateral arm plate B outer arm spine (middle) C inner arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (B, F-J); 300 µm (A, C, E); 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665891" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">15E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vertebrae with streptospondylous articulation, dorsally a median longitudinal furrow, ventrally with deep median longitudinal groove with lateral ambulacral canals, no oral bridge, podial basins relatively small (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="12A9EFD9657A639A241F5C2C805F889A" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Asteroschema salix Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0082) A lateral arm plate B outer arm spine (middle) C inner arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (B, F-J); 300 µm (A, C, E); 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665891" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">15F-J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F73BD3695A49E4D6C090D75044005BB0" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665891" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
|
||
<paragraph id="E0E84B7613AB7AA48381949D73154238" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="35EFF262612D35C4CC49FB49A20CAE6A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="226150A9322ED915268AA95F73C40AE4" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema salix" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="salix">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABDBF9B253B7DD4CF3275B94B6B71769" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW0082)
|
||
<emphasis id="1497B37BC53EA7CD8689BD160F051F14" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A</emphasis>
|
||
lateral arm plate
|
||
<emphasis id="9822E26F90148C4DDA5921841C8BEF90" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B</emphasis>
|
||
outer arm spine (middle)
|
||
<emphasis id="D17AEC89C8A9FD4A46A1CF278646C2AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
|
||
inner arm spine (middle)
|
||
<emphasis id="C3CF3371F27F4C991B60429F08760817" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
|
||
arm spine (distal)
|
||
<emphasis id="2119E1670D38815EC4DC42131CE77D62" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
|
||
skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles)
|
||
<emphasis id="EF6CCC9F1698A44B1F1F98658B4FB9E1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F-J</emphasis>
|
||
vertebrae
|
||
<emphasis id="36B7205EE106D4870A8F8C2D2577F677" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
|
||
proximal view
|
||
<emphasis id="69CA021D7130A7020086323C1AFBA604" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">G</emphasis>
|
||
distal view
|
||
<emphasis id="F7BB361FF9CD014085411CD338B4D60B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="351EFC37B8A7F7EAFAA731E01827DA6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="96A3FAC66C6738AC8598A3DBBB747A78" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="0903130FD6D02E256DDE222052B6B0A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">d</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="0C5B6777C3555BFE9EF056DDEFCE11A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">dist</emphasis>
|
||
distal,
|
||
<emphasis id="1B5EB15D56546868B615B1EFBDF01AEC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">lac</emphasis>
|
||
lateral ambulacral canals,
|
||
<emphasis id="D0F34183FD42E79058995149EA90FB5D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">mo</emphasis>
|
||
muscle opening,
|
||
<emphasis id="312EAB49349F44D2633290C0CD71E510" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">no</emphasis>
|
||
nerve opening,
|
||
<emphasis id="74BD282D7C8F14B2E1B16C5205F19989" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">pb</emphasis>
|
||
podial basin,
|
||
<emphasis id="B8363652414CB1EEA4A7694533E3AD5A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">prox</emphasis>
|
||
proximal,
|
||
<emphasis id="FAD1D1FD30E74726B8A62BB5AA87F36A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">st</emphasis>
|
||
secondary teeth,
|
||
<emphasis id="EA93EF4D74134DEFF9283774FC759B35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">v</emphasis>
|
||
ventral. Scale bars: 800
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1DA6917C4421A1CCA87FB97C99497E8B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="15EC86A383CE1B5677619C478788D0C1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B, F-J</emphasis>
|
||
); 300
|
||
<normalizedToken id="581607C0B7F0A3E209EEE07D4CE8A6EF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="3D369B74E244491D737E76E938201829" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, C, E</emphasis>
|
||
); 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="96812CECAD1164E01F9711427D088A3C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A8C0227AD139AA3E35094162934931EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9A3791903CBF007B2586E696B7A01058" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A9B3094752CD8082E776E1E6CFF49F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="281BF830FF70C5988255DECB8B457F65" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">341-1800 m depth. New Zealand, Tasman Sea, Kermadec Islands, Bay of Plenty, Solomon Island, Coral Sea, Timor Sea, South Africa (off Glenmore), the South China Sea.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D17DE85DB757C258A643A768F8CF5F93" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="9EF445F8BB51889DC873769541754ED4" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A2891BD41DBDA3572D81EBE04F133A3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E16358EF57BE66C612FE9757EFFFF8" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema salix" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="salix">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C6BB10323F0598BC54DF5641CFFCAE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="161B426FA846D637AFA8A04BE99B295D" author="Lyman, T" journalOrPublisher="" Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" refId="B42" refString="Lyman, T, 1879. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" year="1879">Lyman (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, then redescribed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9C4CDAD9CF2969AF06C6D4D942A6FEB" author="Lyman, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. Scientific Reports. Results voy. H. M. S. " Challenger "" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" refId="B43" refString="Lyman, T, 1882. Ophiuroidea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. Scientific Reports. Results voy. H.M.S. "Challenger"" title="Ophiuroidea." year="1882">Lyman (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C243D3DDF6E77535D502FD0C8FCE0B91" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763" author="Baker, AN" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="11 - 83" refId="B2" refString="Baker, AN, 1980. Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the south-west Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 11 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763" title="Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the south-west Pacific Ocean." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763" volume="7" year="1980">Baker (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2FA1AD5877DC46F86A38F1AE3E8BDDE3" author="McKnight, DG" journalOrPublisher="NIWA N Biodiversity Memoir, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B51" refString="McKnight, DG, 2000. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). NIWA N Biodiversity Memoir, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington 115: 1 - 79" title="The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida)." volume="115" year="2000">McKnight (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E52F10F7DBC4BD7FA791EBD2089770BA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.17159/2305-7963/2015/v11n1a3" author="Olbers, JM" journalOrPublisher="African Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="83 - 116" refId="B65" refString="Olbers, JM, Samyn, Y, Griffiths, CL, 2015. New or notable records of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from South Africa. African Natural History 11: 83 - 116, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17159/2305-7963/2015/v11n1a3" title="New or notable records of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.17159/2305-7963/2015/v11n1a3" volume="11" year="2015">Olbers et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. These redescriptions are useful to understand individual morphological character variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2405F19FF32FDB0E08276CCF41355AD8" lsidName="A. salix" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="salix">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9DD7165213705328D8B8E50868260ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Specimens from our collection concur with previous redescriptions, but we noticed some variation such as: slightly separated granular ossicles on the disc, fewer granular ossicles on the ventral arm surface, and slightly longer arms. However, most of these morphological variations vary within individual specimens according to previous descriptions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CAA5E289013EAC3BA4E4D4A95D485195" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763" author="Baker, AN" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="11 - 83" refId="B2" refString="Baker, AN, 1980. Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the south-west Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 11 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763" title="Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the south-west Pacific Ocean." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763" volume="7" year="1980">Baker 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA88F404D8C7F65A5E6525373A312FD5" author="McKnight, DG" journalOrPublisher="NIWA N Biodiversity Memoir, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B51" refString="McKnight, DG, 2000. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). NIWA N Biodiversity Memoir, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington 115: 1 - 79" title="The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida)." volume="115" year="2000">McKnight 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECB0824B3F510AB98CBB2C43D21AA107" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema salix" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="salix">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF96722026BD4178C0466772956C28EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
strongly resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40260BEA23233B61949DE3DE64BEF0AD" lsidName="A. tubiferum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="tubiferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0740BF301759EFD93879BEE2F1463422" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. tubiferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5546343578AEA2585D53FAC8E22C1F6" lsidName="A. rubrum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A5FD990543126F9D0C808FE6D4D5735D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A0D5384EEA3DA17086770A77B4F07B7" lsidName="A. laeve" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="laeve">
|
||
<emphasis id="51918667BB48987DE1D23CF5880D22F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. laeve</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02FDD8B69F09F922AACB4921D0F0BDDD" lsidName="A. inoratum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="inoratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C3DCD0047FE748F41611F1FDF9C34D23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. inoratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F64C12BBD447CC9814AA255810DC5494" lsidName="A. arenosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="arenosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6B3B3629FB953388A38CBBBE8D01E1C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. arenosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F453D44E04BEABAC2A6291830AFF873" lsidName="A. glaucum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="glaucum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C3EB0B7E80E619136EBC5423F7540B73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. glaucum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but the characters of granulations and ossicle shape on the disc and arm, radial shield, and inner arm spine can be used to delimit
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AF22CCFCDD50140CB16524FE15937A5" lsidName="A. salix" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="salix">
|
||
<emphasis id="0A6934C1488EF00C7CCD239EB0264150" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from these species (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D58D7D709378D59319F77E710695FB" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Tabular key to the species of Asteroschema and Ophiocreas. Abbreviations: ASS arm segment, ARS arm spine, GO granular ossicles, RS radial shield, CO conical ossicles, PO plate-like ossicles, TP terminal projection, GS genital slits." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Previously,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C8FBC62BC65872033101F57C7CB89B2" lsidName="A. salix" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="salix">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC2D09C53F0E8E92BCEE0A807B18414" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had been recorded from the South Pacific Ocean, and South African waters at a wide distribution range. This is the first record from the South China Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |