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<mods:title id="7129A5A6EA38445BFCA556534E44E3C5">Studies on the Australian stick insect genus Ctenomorpha Gray (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae), with the description of a new large species</mods:title>
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<heading id="B90981DDFF992E4CFE8A2BFFFBDFF75D" bold="true" box="[264,1086,1766,1792]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF992E4CFE8A2BFFFD4FF75D" ID-CoL="3263C" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" box="[264,686,1766,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ctenomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginipennis">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF992E4CFE8A2BFFFD84F75D" bold="true" box="[264,613,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ctenomorpha marginipennis</emphasis>
Gray
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[Margined­winged Stick­insect]
</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="7AC52A34FF992E4CFE932A10FE9EF77E" box="[273,383,1801,1827]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="5.[264,368,1619,1643]" captionStartId-1="6.[264,368,1863,1887]" captionStartId-2="7.[264,368,917,941]" captionStartId-3="7.[264,368,1881,1905]" captionStartId-4="8.[264,368,744,768]" captionStartId-5="8.[264,368,1363,1387]" captionTargetBox-1="[353,1245,396,1852]" captionTargetBox-2="[340,1246,710,912]" captionTargetBox-3="[447,1111,1013,1872]" captionTargetBox-4="[267,1319,326,719]" captionTargetBox-5="[398,1186,891,1355]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[353,1245,396,1853]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[340,1248,708,914]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[447,1139,1012,1876]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[267,1320,326,720]" captionTargetId-5="figure@8.[398,1189,891,1357]" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Ctenomorpha marginipennis male (after Gray, 1833)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Ctenomorpha marginipennis lectotype male, 110 mm (OXUM)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Ctenomorpha marginipennis end of abdomen, in lectotype male, lateral view (OXUM)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Ctenomorpha marginipennis female, lower specimen (fig. 2, after Gray, 1833)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Ctenomorpha marginipennis end of abdomen in female, lateral view. Data: Sydney, New South Wales, Andrew Sinclair R. N., Ctenomorpha chronus (Gray) det. K. H. L. Key, 1958 (BMNH, acquisition ref. [18] 42 – 56)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Ctenomorpha marginipennis egg views a) dorsal b) lateral (scale bar, 2 mm)." httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/173414/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/173415/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/173416/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/173417/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/173418/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF992E4CFE8A2A43FCB4F72D" authority="Gray, 1833: 16" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1833" box="[264,853,1881,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Phasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginipennis" subGenus="Ctenomorpha">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF992E4CFE8A2A43FEBFF72C" box="[264,350,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Phasma</emphasis>
(
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) 
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF992E4CFD932A43FD4BF72C" box="[529,682,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">marginipennis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF992E4CFD302A40FCCCF72D" author="Gray" box="[690,813,1881,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" refString="Gray, G. R. (1833) The Entomology of Australia in a Series of Monographs. Part 1. The monograph of the genus Phasma. Longman &amp; Co., London, 28 pp. 8 pls" type="book" year="1833">Gray, 1833</bibRefCitation>
: 16
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, pl. 1: 2 (
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF992E4CFC3F2A43FBB1F72C" box="[957,1104,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">marginipenne</emphasis>
on p.27). 
<typeStatus id="3D458813FF992E4CFB422A40FACAF72D" box="[1216,1323,1881,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
♂, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFEDB2C05FE5FF16E" box="[345,446,284,307]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
, here designated (body length 
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) (OXUM) (originally designated by 
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<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFB782C05FE90F10E" author="Key" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Key K. H. L. (1960) Proposed addition of certain generic and specific names in the Family Phasmatidae (Class Insecta, Order Phasmatodea) to the Official Lists and Indexes. ZN. (S) 1167. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 17, 235 - 240." type="journal article" year="1960">Key, 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 236
</treatmentCitation>
, from Gray’s figure, in the mistaken belief that ‘all the original material appears to be lost’, hence invalid). A further two or more ♂ 
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from 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFBBA2C45FB78F12E" box="[1080,1177,348,371]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
said to be in BMNH, ‘brought by Mr Hunter (the surgeon who accompanied Captain King’s voyages), probably from the north­west coast’, have not been traced. [This 
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designation shall guarantee the stability of the name].
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFE8A2CC5FDDEF1AE" ID-CoL="3263C" box="[264,575,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ctenomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginipennis">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFE8A2CC5FDDEF1AE" box="[264,575,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ctenomorpha marginipennis</emphasis>
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; 
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<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFDD12CC5FD33F1AE" author="Gray" box="[595,722,476,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Gray, G. R. (1835) Synopsis of the Species of Insects Belonging to the Family of Phasmidae. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman, London, 48 pp." type="book" year="1835">Gray, 1835</bibRefCitation>
: 41
</treatmentCitation>
, Burmeister, 1840: 38, 
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<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFB892CC5FB72F1AE" author="Kirby" box="[1035,1171,476,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. 1, Orthoptera, Euplexoptera, Cursoria, et Gressoria (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). Longman &amp; Co, London." type="journal volume" year="1904">Kirby, 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 388
</treatmentCitation>
, 
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFB5E2CC5FE14F24E" author="Otte" page="112" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFB5E2CC5FE21F24E" author="Otte" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. (2005) Phasmida Species File. Catalog of the Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. 2 nd Edition. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte &amp; Brock, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 112
</treatmentCitation>
. Several other references only refer to 
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFC1B2CE5FBB3F24E" ID-CoL="3263C" box="[921,1106,508,531]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ctenomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginipennis">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFC1B2CE5FBB3F24E" box="[921,1106,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. marginipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of 
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<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFA902CE5FE6CF26E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. chronus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, following 
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<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFD882F05FD20F26E" author="Westwood" box="[522,705,540,563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1, Phasmidae. British Museum, London. 195 pp, 48 pls." type="book" year="1859">Westwood, 1859</bibRefCitation>
: 114
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. However, 
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<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFCF22F05FBE8F26E" box="[880,1033,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">marginipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was selected over 
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<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFB572F05FACBF26E" box="[1237,1322,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">chronus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the first reviser, Burmeister (1840: 38). 
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<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFC8A2F25FC43F20E" author="Vickery" box="[776,930,572,595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australia Division of Entomology Technical Paper. No. 20, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1983">Vickery, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 5
</treatmentCitation>
, stated that the male in OXUM is the 
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, but this is clearly not the case from Gray’s description.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFE8A2F65FD2CF2CE" ID-CoL="8QR87" authority="Gray, 1833: 20" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1833" box="[264,717,636,659]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Phasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chronus" subGenus="Diura">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFE8A2F65FEBFF2CE" box="[264,350,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phasma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFEF32F65FE50F2CE" box="[369,433,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diura</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFE462F65FDF8F2CE" box="[452,537,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">chronus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFDA62F65FD40F2CE" author="Gray" box="[548,673,636,659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" refString="Gray, G. R. (1833) The Entomology of Australia in a Series of Monographs. Part 1. The monograph of the genus Phasma. Longman &amp; Co., London, 28 pp. 8 pls" type="book" year="1833">Gray, 1833</bibRefCitation>
: 20
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, pl. 5: 2. 
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&amp;, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFC552F65FBD8F2CE" box="[983,1081,636,659]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
(probably Tasmania), based on Gray’s figure, designated by 
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<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFD552F85FCA8F2EE" author="Key" box="[727,841,668,691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Key K. H. L. (1960) Proposed addition of certain generic and specific names in the Family Phasmatidae (Class Insecta, Order Phasmatodea) to the Official Lists and Indexes. ZN. (S) 1167. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 17, 235 - 240." type="journal article" year="1960">Key, 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 236
</treatmentCitation>
, synonymised by Burmeister, 1840: 38. Gray comments ‘This insect is often found in collections, and I believe is confined to Van Diemen’s Land [i.e. Tasmania].’
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFE8A2FE5FE3CF34E" box="[264,477,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Acrophylla chronus</emphasis>
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; 
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: 39
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, 
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFD282FE5FC60F34E" author="Serville" box="[682,897,764,787]" page="232" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1838">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFD282FE5FCA6F34E" author="Serville" box="[682,839,764,787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Serville J. G. A. (1838) Histoire Naturelle des Insects. 0 rthopteres. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret [Collection des suites a Buffon]; Paris (Roret), xviii + 776 pp, Atlas pl. 1 - 14." type="book chapter" year="1838">Serville, 1838</bibRefCitation>
: 232
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, 
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFC122FE5FB62F34E" author="Westwood" box="[912,1155,764,787]" page="114" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1859">
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: 114
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, 
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFB102FE5FE47F36E" author="Redtenbacher" page="457" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFB102FE5FE90F36E" author="Redtenbacher" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Redtenbacher J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden 3. In: Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. &amp; Redtenbacher, J. (1906 - 1908). Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. pp. 339 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 457
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9E2E4BFE8A2E25FD13F30E" blockId="4.[264,1324,283,1523]" box="[264,754,828,851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFE8A2E25FE0EF30E" ID-CoL="6C8ZS" box="[264,495,828,851]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cyphocrania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chronus">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFE8A2E25FE0EF30E" box="[264,495,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cyphocrania chronus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
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<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFE7F2E25FD59F30E" author="Burmeister" box="[509,696,828,851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" refString="Burmeister H. (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie. T. C. F. Enslin, Berlin, Vol. 2, 1050 pp." type="book" year="1838">Burmeister, 1838</bibRefCitation>
: 580
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9E2E4BFE8A2E45FC03F32E" blockId="4.[264,1324,283,1523]" box="[264,994,860,883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C2EE119FFF9E2E4BFE8A2E45FC03F32E" box="[264,994,860,883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFE8A2E45FE17F32E" ID-CoL="8P4MC" box="[264,502,860,883]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ctenomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chronus">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFE8A2E45FE17F32E" box="[264,502,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ctenomorpha chronus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFD862E45FD56F32E" author="Vickery" box="[516,695,860,883]" page="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFD862E45FD7CF32E" author="Vickery" box="[516,669,860,883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australia Division of Entomology Technical Paper. No. 20, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1983">Vickery, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 5
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, 
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFD402E45FC3FF32E" author="Balderson" box="[706,990,860,883]" page="365" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFD402E45FC48F32E" author="Balderson" box="[706,937,860,883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" refString="Balderson, J., Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; Roach, A. M. E. (1998) Phasmatodea. In: Houston W. W. K. &amp; Wells A. (Eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol 23. Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Blattodea, Isoptera, Mantodea, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Zoraptera. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia. pp. 347 - 376, 451 - 456." type="journal article" year="1998">Balderson et al, 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 365
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9E2E4BFE8A2E65FE19F3EE" blockId="4.[264,1324,283,1523]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The following references list 
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFDCF2E65FD43F3CE" ID-CoL="8P4MC" box="[589,674,892,915]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ctenomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chronus">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFDCF2E65FD43F3CE" box="[589,674,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">chronus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFCE82E65FB30F3CE" ID-CoL="3263C" authority="Kirby, 1904: 388" authorityName="Kirby" authorityPageNumber="388" authorityYear="1904" box="[874,1233,892,915]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ctenomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginipennis">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFCE82E65FBE2F3CE" box="[874,1027,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">marginipennis</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFB962E65FB7BF3CE" author="Kirby" box="[1044,1178,892,915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. 1, Orthoptera, Euplexoptera, Cursoria, et Gressoria (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). Longman &amp; Co, London." type="journal volume" year="1904">Kirby, 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 388
</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFB5C2E65FE21F3EE" author="Otte" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. (2005) Phasmida Species File. Catalog of the Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. 2 nd Edition. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte &amp; Brock, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 112.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9E2E4BFE8A2EA5FDE4F4CE" blockId="4.[264,1324,283,1523]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFE8A2EA5FCC6F38E" ID-CoL="9NS6" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908: 457" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="457" authorityYear="1908" box="[264,807,956,979]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Acrophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxyacantha">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFE8A2EA5FDE5F38E" box="[264,516,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Acrophylla oxyacantha</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFD922EA5FCC6F38E" author="Redtenbacher" box="[528,807,956,979]" page="457" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFD922EA5FD0CF38E" author="Redtenbacher" box="[528,749,956,979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Redtenbacher J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden 3. In: Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. &amp; Redtenbacher, J. (1906 - 1908). Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. pp. 339 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 457
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
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&amp;, [
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFC552EA5FBA0F38E" box="[983,1089,956,979]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
], Tasmanie, i.[18]47, Verreaux, Museum Paris (NHMW, No. 867), here designated. 
<typeStatus id="3D458813FF9E2E4BFC542EC5FB86F3AE" box="[982,1127,988,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
series: &amp;, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFB592EC5FEB4F44E" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
, New South 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFE602EE5FDC4F44E" box="[482,549,1020,1043]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Wales</collectingCountry>
, Thorey, &amp;, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFD292EE5FCF1F44E" box="[683,784,1020,1043]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Sydney, Thorey, &amp;, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFC712EE5FBB9F44E" box="[1011,1112,1020,1043]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
, New South 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFB612EE5FAC6F44E" box="[1251,1319,1020,1043]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Wales</collectingCountry>
, Dämel, &amp;, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFE322905FDF4F46E" box="[432,533,1052,1075]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 1863, Brun, &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFD472905FCC8F46E" box="[709,809,1052,1075]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Sydney, Novara Expedition, 
<date id="96401071FF9E2E4BFBED2905FB2BF46E" box="[1135,1226,1052,1075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1857" valueMax="1859">1857­59</date>
, Frauenfeld (NHMW, No. 867). Also in ZMAS, locality not known, but not traced in MNHN and ZMUH, synonymised by 
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFDC82945FD1FF42E" author="Vickery" box="[586,766,1116,1139]" page="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFDC82945FD02F42E" author="Vickery" box="[586,739,1116,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australia Division of Entomology Technical Paper. No. 20, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1983">Vickery, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 5
</treatmentCitation>
. [This 
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designation shall guarantee the stability of the name].
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9E2E4BFE8A2985FD10F50E" blockId="4.[264,1324,283,1523]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFE8A2985FCFFF4EE" ID-CoL="9NS9" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908: 457" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="457" authorityYear="1908" box="[264,798,1180,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Acrophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllocerca">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFE8A2985FDE2F4EE" box="[264,515,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Acrophylla phyllocerca</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFD8E2985FCFFF4EE" author="Redtenbacher" box="[524,798,1180,1203]" page="457" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFD8E2985FD06F4EE" author="Redtenbacher" box="[524,743,1180,1203]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Redtenbacher J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden 3. In: Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. &amp; Redtenbacher, J. (1906 - 1908). Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. pp. 339 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 457
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="3D458813FF9E2E4BFCA92985FC74F4EE" box="[811,917,1180,1203]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
♂, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFC422985FBC3F4EE" box="[960,1058,1180,1203]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFBB32985FB2BF4EE" box="[1073,1226,1180,1203]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Holland</collectingCountry>
], Thorey (NHMW, No. 870), here designated. 
<typeStatus id="3D458813FF9E2E4BFD4029A5FCB2F48E" box="[706,851,1212,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
series: &amp;, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFC4129A5FBC4F48E" box="[963,1061,1212,1235]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFBB329A5FB29F48E" box="[1073,1224,1212,1235]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Holland</collectingCountry>
], Thorey, ♂, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFED829C5FE5EF4AE" box="[346,447,1244,1267]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Deyrolle, &amp;, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFDDE29C5FD21F4AE" box="[604,704,1244,1267]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
, &amp;, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFD7029C5FCB6F4AE" box="[754,855,1244,1267]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
, [18]90, Prinz (according to Redtenbacher specimens are from Adelaide and Melbourne) (NHMW, No. 870). Not traced in MNHN. Also in MNMS: 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFE3B2805FDAAF56E" box="[441,587,1308,1331]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(?), synonymised by 
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFCBE2805FC14F56E" author="Vickery" box="[828,1013,1308,1331]" page="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFCBE2805FC39F56E" author="Vickery" box="[828,984,1308,1331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australia Division of Entomology Technical Paper. No. 20, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1983">Vickery, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 5
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. [This 
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designation shall guarantee the stability of the name].
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9E2E4BFE8A2845FE0EF5EE" blockId="4.[264,1324,283,1523]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C2EE119FFF9E2E4BFE8A2845FE0EF5EE" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFE8A2845FCE2F52E" ID-CoL="9NSC" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908: 457" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="457" authorityYear="1908" box="[264,771,1372,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Acrophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutigera">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFE8A2845FE08F52E" box="[264,489,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Acrophylla scutigera</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFE702845FCE2F52E" author="Redtenbacher" box="[498,771,1372,1395]" page="457" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFE702845FD2DF52E" author="Redtenbacher" box="[498,716,1372,1395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Redtenbacher J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden 3. In: Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. &amp; Redtenbacher, J. (1906 - 1908). Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. pp. 339 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 457
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. &amp; (number not known) 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFB932845FB97F52E" box="[1041,1142,1372,1395]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Melbourne (not traced in MNHN, according to 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFD102865FCD7F5CE" author="Vickery" box="[658,822,1404,1427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australia Division of Entomology Technical Paper. No. 20, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1983">Vickery (1983)</bibRefCitation>
in MVMA) [not examined], synonymised by 
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFEBA2885FE0AF5EE" author="Vickery" box="[312,491,1436,1459]" page="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFEBA2885FE30F5EE" author="Vickery" box="[312,465,1436,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australia Division of Entomology Technical Paper. No. 20, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1983">Vickery, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 5
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9E2E4BFE8A28A5FCC0F5AE" blockId="4.[264,1324,283,1523]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C2EE119FFF9E2E4BFE8A28A5FCC0F5AE" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFE8A28A5FD31F58E" authority="Lea, 1902: 395" authorityName="Lea" authorityPageNumber="395" authorityYear="1902" box="[264,720,1468,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ctenomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmanensis">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFE8A28A5FDC5F58E" box="[264,548,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ctenomorpha tasmanensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFDAE28A5FD31F58E" author="Lea" box="[556,720,1468,1491]" page="395" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFDAE28A5FD7AF58E" author="Lea" box="[556,667,1468,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Lea, A. M. (1902) Notes on some remarkable Tasmanian invertebrates. The Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 1902, 81 - 82." type="book chapter" year="1902">Lea, 1902</bibRefCitation>
: 395
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="3D458813FF9E2E4BFD5928A5FCDFF58E" box="[731,830,1468,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
&amp;, 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9E2E4BFCE728A5FC2BF58E" box="[869,970,1468,1491]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Burnie, Tasmania (TMUH) [not examined], synonymised by 
<treatmentCitation id="635F10A0FF9E2E4BFDE828C5FCFFF5AE" author="Vickery" box="[618,798,1500,1523]" page="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFDE828C5FCE5F5AE" author="Vickery" box="[618,772,1500,1523]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australia Division of Entomology Technical Paper. No. 20, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1983">Vickery, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 5
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9E2E4BFE8A2B3DFE45F6EB" blockId="4.[264,1323,1572,1878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Useful non­taxonomic references of ‘The Great Brown Stick­Insect’ (
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFBB82B3DFB1FF663" author="Coleman" box="[1082,1278,1572,1598]" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" refString="Coleman, E. (1942 a) Notes on the great brown stick-insect. I. Development of eggs and young. Victorian Naturalist, 59, 46 - 48, pls. 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1942" yearSuffix="a">Coleman, 1942a</bibRefCitation>
&amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFA972B3DFAC5F663" author="Coleman" box="[1301,1316,1572,1598]" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" refString="Coleman, E. (1942 b) Notes on the great brown stick-insect. II. Development of eggs and nymphs. Victorian Naturalist, 59, 62 - 65, pl. VII." type="journal article" year="1942" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFE8A2B55FEA2F63B" author="Coleman" box="[264,323,1612,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" refString="Coleman, E. (1943) Further notes on the great brown stick-insect. Victorian Naturalist, 60, 105 - 107." type="journal article" year="1943">1943</bibRefCitation>
&amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFEEC2B55FE4BF63B" author="Coleman" box="[366,426,1612,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" refString="Coleman, E. (1944) Further notes on the great brown stick-insect. Victorian Naturalist, 60, 188." type="journal article" year="1944">1944</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFE722B55FD70F638" ID-CoL="8NQDQ" box="[496,657,1612,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ctenomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFE722B55FD70F638" box="[496,657,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ctenomorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFD4D2B55FC23F63B" author="Clyne" box="[719,962,1612,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="14" refString="Clyne D. (1979) The Garden Jungle. William Collins Publishers Pty Ltd, Sydney, 184 pp." type="book" year="1979">Clyne, 1979: 23, pl.</bibRefCitation>
) give brief details on biology and behaviour. Although this species has been reared recently, there are no published observations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAE4653AFF9E2E4AFEBA2BDDFDA2F27B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9E2E4AFEBA2BDDFDA2F27B" blockId="4.[264,1323,1572,1878]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,550]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
In his catalogue on Australian phasmids, 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9E2E4BFCA72BDDFC39F683" author="Vickery" box="[805,984,1732,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australia Division of Entomology Technical Paper. No. 20, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1983">Vickery (1983)</bibRefCitation>
stated that ‘all synonymy is from the literature; no new synonymy is presented in this work.’ However, he went on to list several new synonyms, including five of 
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9E2E4BFCA02A0DFC9EF770" box="[802,895,1812,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ctenomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chronus">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9E2E4BFCA02A0DFC9EF770" box="[802,895,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">chronus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, presumably based on geographical range and / or examination of figures, as these synonyms have not been traced in the literature. Unfortunately, the author did not respond to written queries in the 1990’s on entries in his catalogue. In case there is any doubt concerning the synonymy, it is confirmed for the four species above. However, variation is considerable, resulting in authors describing them as new species. Redtenbacher’s key to both sexes gives details of differences, i.e. they may have the thorax granulated, tuberculated or with irregular spines. Females have a short­winged form described as 
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9F2E4AFCF02CFDFC1AF1A0" box="[882,1019,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Acrophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllocerca">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9F2E4AFCF02CFDFC1AF1A0" box="[882,1019,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">phyllocerca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Redtenbacher, lobes present or absent on tibiae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAE4653AFF9F2E4AFE8A2F45FDF3F363" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9F2E4AFE8A2F45FDB7F228" blockId="5.[264,1324,604,830]" box="[264,598,604,629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9F2E4AFE8A2F45FDB7F228" box="[264,598,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Non­type material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9F2E4AFEBA2F9DFDF3F363" blockId="5.[264,1324,604,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Detailed studies made on 
<specimenCount id="F4F8FD38FF9F2E4AFDFD2F9DFCC5F2C3" box="[639,804,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">22 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="F4F8FD38FF9F2E4AFCB82F9DFC88F2CA" box="[826,873,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">9 ♂</specimenCount>
, 11Ψ, 2Ψ nymphs) in 
<collectionCode id="84EFAE74FF9F2E4AFB082F9DFB04F2C3" box="[1162,1253,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BMNH</collectionCode>
, with various data (details upon request), all identified as 
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9F2E4AFCE62FB5FB5EF29B" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" box="[868,1215,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ctenomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chronus">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9F2E4AFCE62FB5FB88F298" box="[868,1129,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ctenomorpha chronus</emphasis>
(Gray)
</taxonomicName>
by K. H. L. Key, either in 1956 (donated specimens), or 1958, when he visited the 
<collectionCode id="84EFAE74FF9F2E4AFB402FCDFAC1F2B3" box="[1218,1312,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BMNH</collectionCode>
). Specimens also examined in numerous museums in 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9F2E4AFCF02FE5FC3CF34B" box="[882,989,764,790]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
and Europe, and the private collection of A. Hiller.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAE4653AFF9F2E4AFE8A2E6DFD05F45B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9F2E4AFE8A2E6DFDB7F3D0" blockId="5.[264,1322,884,1030]" box="[264,598,884,909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9F2E4AFE8A2E6DFDB7F3D0" box="[264,598,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Male and female (
<figureCitation id="7AC52A34FF9F2E4AFE5C2E6DFDAFF3D0" box="[478,590,884,909]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="5.[264,368,1619,1643]" captionStartId-1="6.[264,368,1863,1887]" captionStartId-2="7.[264,368,917,941]" captionStartId-3="7.[264,368,1881,1905]" captionStartId-4="8.[264,368,744,768]" captionTargetBox-1="[353,1245,396,1852]" captionTargetBox-2="[340,1246,710,912]" captionTargetBox-3="[447,1111,1013,1872]" captionTargetBox-4="[267,1319,326,719]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[353,1245,396,1853]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[340,1248,708,914]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[447,1139,1012,1876]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[267,1320,326,720]" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Ctenomorpha marginipennis male (after Gray, 1833)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Ctenomorpha marginipennis lectotype male, 110 mm (OXUM)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Ctenomorpha marginipennis end of abdomen, in lectotype male, lateral view (OXUM)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Ctenomorpha marginipennis female, lower specimen (fig. 2, after Gray, 1833)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Ctenomorpha marginipennis end of abdomen in female, lateral view. Data: Sydney, New South Wales, Andrew Sinclair R. N., Ctenomorpha chronus (Gray) det. K. H. L. Key, 1958 (BMNH, acquisition ref. [18] 42 – 56)." httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/173414/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/173415/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/173416/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/173417/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9F2E4AFEBA2E85FD05F45B" blockId="5.[264,1322,884,1030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9F2E4AFEBA2E85FE5BF3EB" author="Gray" box="[312,442,924,950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Gray, G. R. (1833) The Entomology of Australia in a Series of Monographs. Part 1. The monograph of the genus Phasma. Longman &amp; Co., London, 28 pp. 8 pls" type="book" year="1833">Gray, 1833</bibRefCitation>
provided adequate descriptions and figures of both sexes. The size, degree of tuberculation of the thorax varies, depending on which locality specimens are from and probably the choice of host foodplant(s).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B6816639FF9F2E4AFE8A2B4AFC2AF636" box="[264,971,1619,1643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9F2E4AFE8A2B4AFC2AF636" blockId="5.[264,971,1619,1643]" box="[264,971,1619,1643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9F2E4AFE8A2B4AFE6BF636" bold="true" box="[264,394,1619,1643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9F2E4AFE132B4DFD22F636" box="[401,707,1620,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ctenomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginipennis">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9F2E4AFE132B4DFD22F636" box="[401,707,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ctenomorpha marginipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male (after Gray, 1833).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="AAE4653AFF9F2E48FE8A2B86FBA6F2C3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9F2E4AFE8A2B86FE76F6E5" blockId="5.[264,1324,1695,1881]" box="[264,407,1695,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9F2E4AFE8A2B86FE76F6E5" box="[264,407,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9F2E49FEBA2BDEFC9EF100" blockId="5.[264,1324,1695,1881]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Apparently widespread in New South 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9F2E4AFD7A2BDEFCA3F6BC" box="[760,834,1735,1761]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Wales</collectingCountry>
, South­East Queensland, South 
<collectingCountry id="9AE97621FF9F2E4AFB382BDEFAC8F6BC" box="[1210,1321,1735,1761]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Tasmania and Victoria. There is even a possibility that they occur in north Queensland, if the five specimens (
<specimenCount id="F4F8FD38FF9F2E4AFE722A0EFDF3F777" box="[496,530,1815,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
, 3Ψ) in RSME from Mossman are correctly labelled. Efforts will be made to obtain these insects and compare the eggs. 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9F2E4AFC252A26FBA9F704" author="Rentz" box="[935,1096,1855,1881]" pageId="5" pageNumber="15" refString="Rentz, D. (1996) Grasshopper country: the abundant orthopteroid insects of Australia. University of NSW Press, Sydney. 284 pp." type="book" year="1996">Rentz (1996)</bibRefCitation>
comments: ‘quite common in heath and woodland habitats’. Foodplants include 
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9C2E49FC6E2C05FB8FF168" box="[1004,1134,284,309]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9C2E49FC6E2C05FB8FF168" box="[1004,1134,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9C2E49FB5E2C05FEA4F103" author="Clyne" pageId="6" pageNumber="14" refString="Clyne D. (1979) The Garden Jungle. William Collins Publishers Pty Ltd, Sydney, 184 pp." type="book" year="1979">Clyne, 1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9C2E49FED32C5DFDF2F103" author="Coleman" box="[337,531,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="14" refString="Coleman, E. (1942 a) Notes on the great brown stick-insect. I. Development of eggs and young. Victorian Naturalist, 59, 46 - 48, pls. 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1942" yearSuffix="a">Coleman, 1942a</bibRefCitation>
&amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9C2E49FDA82C5DFDD8F103" author="Coleman" box="[554,569,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="14" refString="Coleman, E. (1942 b) Notes on the great brown stick-insect. II. Development of eggs and nymphs. Victorian Naturalist, 59, 62 - 65, pl. VII." type="journal article" year="1942" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9C2E49FDC72C5DFD61F103" author="Coleman" box="[581,640,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="14" refString="Coleman, E. (1943) Further notes on the great brown stick-insect. Victorian Naturalist, 60, 105 - 107." type="journal article" year="1943">1943</bibRefCitation>
&amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9C2E49FD272C5DFD00F103" author="Coleman" box="[677,737,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="14" refString="Coleman, E. (1944) Further notes on the great brown stick-insect. Victorian Naturalist, 60, 188." type="journal article" year="1944">1944</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9C2E49FCA12C5DFC9EF100" box="[803,895,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9C2E49FCA12C5DFC9DF100" box="[803,892,324,349]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Prunus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="B6816639FF9C2E49FE8A2A5EFBD4F703" box="[264,1077,1863,1887]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173414/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[353,1245,396,1852]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9C2E49FE8A2A5EFBD4F703" blockId="6.[264,1077,1863,1887]" box="[264,1077,1863,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9C2E49FE8A2A5EFE6BF702" bold="true" box="[264,394,1863,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25FE4D32FF9C2E49FE132A5EFD22F703" box="[401,707,1863,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ctenomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginipennis">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9C2E49FE132A5EFD22F703" box="[401,707,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ctenomorpha marginipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lectotype male, 110mm (OXUM).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9D2E48FE8A2C05FE79F168" blockId="7.[264,1322,284,510]" box="[264,408,284,309]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9D2E48FE8A2C05FE79F168" box="[264,408,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Egg (
<figureCitation id="7AC52A34FF9D2E48FECA2C05FE6EF168" box="[328,399,284,309]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1363,1387]" captionTargetBox="[398,1186,891,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[398,1189,891,1357]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ctenomorpha marginipennis egg views a) dorsal b) lateral (scale bar, 2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173418/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9D2E48FEBA2C5DFC15F1A3" blockId="7.[264,1322,284,510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
First described by 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9D2E48FD992C5DFBCCF103" author="Kaup" box="[539,1069,324,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="15" refString="Kaup J. J. (1871) Uber die Eier der Phasmiden. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 15 (1 - 3 )), 17 - 24, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1871" yearSuffix="a">Kaup (1871, a crude sketch of this species)</bibRefCitation>
and later figured by 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9D2E48FE8A2C75FE3DF1DB" author="Coleman" box="[264,476,364,390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" refString="Coleman, E. (1942 b) Notes on the great brown stick-insect. II. Development of eggs and nymphs. Victorian Naturalist, 59, 62 - 65, pl. VII." type="journal article" year="1942" yearSuffix="b">Coleman (1942b)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9D2E48FE692C75FD8CF1DB" author="Key" box="[491,621,364,390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="15" refString="Key K. H. L. (1970) Phasmatodea (Stick-insects). pp. 348 - 359 in CSIRO (ed.) The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press,." type="book chapter" year="1970">Key (1970</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9D2E48FDFF2C75FD58F1DB" author="Key" box="[637,697,364,390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="15" refString="Key K. H. L. (1991) Phasmatodea (Stick-insects). pp. 394 - 404 in CSIRO (ed.) The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, Vol. 1, 2 nd Edn." type="journal volume" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9D2E48FC832C75FBA6F1DB" author="Hughes" box="[769,1095,364,390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="15" refString="Hughes L. &amp; Westoby M. (1992) Capitula on stick insect eggs and elaiosomes on seeds: convergent adaptations for burial by ants. Functional Ecology, 6, 642 - 648." type="journal article" year="1992">Hughes &amp; Westoby (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, the egg is brown, capsule strongly sculptured, raised in a series of ribs. Micropylar plate almost circular, except sharply pointed at either end. Operculum flat, bearing small stalked capitulum. Average capsule length 3.5 mm, height 2.5 mm, width 2.0 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9D2E48FE8A2F2DFEAAF210" blockId="7.[264,1321,564,670]" box="[264,331,564,589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="D08AEAA3FF9D2E48FE8A2F2DFEAAF210" box="[264,331,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Notes</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24136B1FF9D2E48FEBA2F45FBA6F2C3" blockId="7.[264,1321,564,670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<bibRefCitation id="866F4B40FF9D2E48FEBA2F45FDE1F22B" author="Craddock" box="[312,512,604,630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" refString="Craddock E. (1972) Chromosonal diversity in the Australian Phasmatodea. Australian Journal of Zoology, 20, 445 - 462." type="journal article" year="1972">Craddock (1972)</bibRefCitation>
discussed chromosomal diversity of some Australian phasmids and found a geographic pattern of karyotypic differentiation in this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>