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<document id="7FC8A0F053EDA76192ED6586D9141AF0" ID-CLB-Dataset="26381" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4624.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8377a610-1626-46e0-b8c5-5f1f672629e6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3258506" ID-ZooBank="91D454D0-9A3E-4027-A677-72D625615372" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1561648554440" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs, Belcastro, Claudio &amp; Tropek, Robert" docDate="2019" docId="6A29F33461444B3BABA8F9D4B3F36DEA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4624.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4624 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andronymus fenestra Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="117" masterDocId="96108B4C61414B32AB3FFFBDB2556C39" masterDocTitle="Two new species in the genus Andronymus Holland, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="108" pageNumber="113" updateTime="1698737327431" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="C505813E5F6DBCB0CE02DA452B452529" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="042173A75792CA1CE168E2DF632130FE">
<mods:title id="52D336426192535DC96AFB4ED71579CD">Two new species in the genus Andronymus Holland, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E2E420A3479D730E54166328CA3D3DE6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="83D2258364B622733A8C06E63735E4DD">
<mods:roleTerm id="1580CCC18A0A1BD122A0A07DA7E53943">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7805C8D37478AF8A7DC3D47ED1F108F1">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6EC63381ED7E3FA6B405F3D84C9F28AF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C84A5815200319C2593F4868B65AE04F">
<mods:roleTerm id="1F60D3557EC1B38D219C98EB891B9492">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B595BBFBD73CE252EA22DF0DAE631C5A">Belcastro, Claudio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3A1E7873D18F823170EE008D9C958F11" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CB93E1222A7D260E4847BAD068CD8243">
<mods:roleTerm id="263B507B6A84D55126B7D648C18E9CC7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BBC44C92B9EF90FBF5C8258B37E51E07">Tropek, Robert</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="64908810B71A55B7E825CA0C95D3783C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="760F12A3E16D94E06F2EB6BA421D64A8" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="4CBDB35040B9AAA91F436F0CDADEE929">
<mods:title id="C3C191486E01ABDD715A8F3F41709EAF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A747822807DE01E4D79CC0B64B892873">
<mods:date id="EA088EB9E9F7B008CA235BD82EA433EF">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="49AA819C3456C91C48121ED4841489FA" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="18DB9D874C7C910CC8A50F287557B190">2019-06-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="195CEAE4878901F8BEE9D1D03981651D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="AB5AE70F19D9F0CEA24684768DE5A359">4624</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1ACAC1753DE0D99FE503681C3D42750C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="7EA5BD55413D7013616E7C001A229944">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="7141C0EB4C356CBB8D557DBF0A3A29DA" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E41C953E451EB42A32F3A1FCE1E4F24D">108</mods:start>
<mods:end id="74D3DBDB2663E10A8589BF04D817A351">120</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="F4234A367B2D6E9F2739913B4C684592">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="432A4C837BDE3D6E1CDF374E71FC4E92" type="CLB-Dataset">26381</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="464ACC2F70DDEFEDBC08026E338182A7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4624.1.7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="70537860976BA98456353D124D7F5F6E" type="GBIF-Dataset">8377a610-1626-46e0-b8c5-5f1f672629e6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="53F3990FC17F0E36C412990E2DA82240" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BC7A27B04EDFFDBDFA4E8BF09EFA9E8A" type="Zenodo-Dep">3258506</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0A6DA27BEAF168FB8133FEF0ABD1000B" type="ZooBank">91D454D0-9A3E-4027-A677-72D625615372</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="6A29F33461444B3BABA8F9D4B3F36DEA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158407566" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A29F33461444B3BABA8F9D4B3F36DEA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A29F33461444B3BABA8F9D4B3F36DEA" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">
<subSubSection id="AA9A11A961444B37ABA8F9D4B00F6A91" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E23F422261444B37ABA8F9D4B0A06ABD" blockId="5.[151,757,1641,1704]" box="[151,757,1641,1668]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">
<heading id="B977F54E61444B37ABA8F9D4B0A06ABD" bold="true" box="[151,757,1641,1668]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061444B37ABA8F9D4B0A06ABD" bold="true" box="[151,757,1641,1668]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="258039A161444B37ABA8F9D4B0C56ABD" authority="Belcastro &amp; Safian" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,656,1641,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061444B37ABA8F9D4B3C86ABA" bold="true" box="[151,413,1641,1668]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Andronymus fenestra</emphasis>
Belcastro &amp; Sáfián
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBC7234B61444B37A9A8F9D7B0A06ABD" box="[663,757,1642,1668]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E23F422261444B37ABA8F933B00F6A91" blockId="5.[151,757,1641,1704]" box="[151,602,1677,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">FIGS.: 4A, C; 5A; 6A, B, E, F; 7A, C; 8</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA9A11A961444B37ABA8F96BB16C6BD5" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E23F422261444B37ABA8F96BB0F36B2A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1749,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">
<materialsCitation id="52E8487F61444B37ABA8F96BB0F36B2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270822764" collectingDate="1991-05" collectorName="Leg. &amp; Paul Tahou &amp; In &amp; Belcastro, C &amp; Altitude" country="Ivory Coast" elevation="250" latitude="6.5666666" location="Blolequin" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061444B37ABA8F96BB3586AC9" bold="true" box="[151,269,1750,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">
<typeStatus id="3D3BFC8061444B37ABA8F96BB35D6AC9" box="[151,264,1750,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="F48689AB61444B37AA2CF96BB37D6AC9" box="[275,296,1750,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261444B37AA11F96BB3B26AC9" box="[302,487,1750,1776]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="E75F14F961444B37AACFF968B0346AD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A29F33461444B3BABA8F9D4B3F36DEA:E75F14F961444B37AACFF968B0346AD6" box="[496,609,1749,1775]" country="Ivory Coast" latitude="6.5666666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-8.0" name="Blolequin" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Bloléquin</location>
,
<collectingDate id="867A9D0A61444B37A954F96BB0E86AC9" box="[619,701,1750,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" value="1991-05">
<date id="963E64E261444B37A954F96BB0E86AC9" box="[619,701,1750,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" value="1991-05">V.1991</date>
</collectingDate>
.
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A9F8F96BB0AB6AC9" box="[711,766,1750,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Leg.</collectorName>
:
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A838F968B1D26AD6" box="[775,903,1749,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Paul Tahou</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A8AEF96BB1FD6AC9" box="[913,936,1750,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">In</collectorName>
coll:
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A8DAF968B6276AC9" box="[997,1138,1749,1776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Belcastro, C</collectorName>
. Approximate coordinates:
<geoCoordinate id="87B424E561444B37ABA8F944B37F6B2A" box="[151,298,1785,1811]" degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" precision="1" seconds="0.00" value="6.5666666">6°34’0.00”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="87B424E561444B37AA0AF947B3EB6B2D" box="[309,446,1786,1812]" degrees="8" direction="west" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" precision="1" seconds="0.00" value="-8.0">8°0’0.00”W</geoCoordinate>
.
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37AAF7F944B07D6B2A" box="[456,552,1785,1811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Altitude</collectorName>
:
<elevation id="69ADA51161444B37A90DF944B0F76B2A" box="[562,674,1785,1812]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="250.0">
<quantity id="2578EFC761444B37A90DF944B02C6B2D" box="[562,633,1785,1812]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E23F422261444B37ABF8F8A3B16C6BD5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1749,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">
<materialsCitation id="52E8487F61444B37ABF8F8A3B6E56B01" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270822761" box="[199,1200,1821,1848]" collectingDate="1991-05" collectorName="Leg. &amp; Paul Tahou &amp; In &amp; Belcastro, C" country="Ivory Coast" location="Blolequin" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061444B37ABF8F8A3B31D6B01" bold="true" box="[199,328,1822,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">
<typeStatus id="3D3BFC8061444B37ABF8F8A3B3166B01" box="[199,323,1822,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="F48689AB61444B37AA72F8A3B3256B01" box="[333,368,1822,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261444B37AA4AF8A3B0786B01" box="[373,557,1822,1848]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="E75F14F961444B37A909F8A0B0F26B0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A29F33461444B3BABA8F9D4B3F36DEA:E75F14F961444B37A909F8A0B0F26B0E" box="[566,679,1821,1847]" country="Ivory Coast" name="Blolequin" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Bloléquin</location>
,
<collectingDate id="867A9D0A61444B37A990F8A3B1576B01" box="[687,770,1822,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" value="1991-05">
<date id="963E64E261444B37A990F8A3B1576B01" box="[687,770,1822,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" value="1991-05">V.1991</date>
</collectingDate>
.
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A834F8A3B1176B01" box="[779,834,1822,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Leg.</collectorName>
:
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A875F8A0B19C6B0E" box="[842,969,1821,1847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Paul Tahou</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A8EDF8A3B1BC6B01" box="[978,1001,1822,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">In</collectorName>
coll:
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37AF1BF8A0B6E56B01" box="[1060,1200,1821,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Belcastro, C</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="52E8487F61444B37AF86F8A3B11E6B65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270822766" collectingDate="2009-03" collectorName="Leg. &amp; Belcastro, C." country="Ivory Coast" location="Yeale" municipality="Monts" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Nimba" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F48689AB61444B37AF86F8A3B6896B01" box="[1209,1244,1822,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261444B37AFDEF8A3B7CD6B01" box="[1249,1432,1822,1848]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="025BD85861444B37ABA8F8FFB28A6B65" box="[151,223,1858,1884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Monts</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="20448CC061444B37ABD6F8FCB36D6B62" box="[233,312,1857,1883]" country="Liberia" name="Nimba" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Nimba</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="E75F14F961444B37AA7AF8FCB3D36B62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A29F33461444B3BABA8F9D4B3F36DEA:E75F14F961444B37AA7AF8FCB3D36B62" box="[325,390,1857,1883]" country="Ivory Coast" municipality="Monts" name="Yeale" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" stateProvince="Nimba">Yealé</location>
,
<collectingDate id="867A9D0A61444B37AAAAF8FFB3A16B65" box="[405,500,1858,1884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" value="2009-03">
<date id="963E64E261444B37AAAAF8FFB3A16B65" box="[405,500,1858,1884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" value="2009-03">III.2009</date>
</collectingDate>
.
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A93EF8FFB0616B65" box="[513,564,1858,1884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Leg.</collectorName>
and coll.:
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A98BF8FCB11E6B65" box="[692,843,1857,1884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Belcastro, C.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="52E8487F61444B37A864F8FFB73B6BB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270822769" collectingDate="2013-12-16" collectingDateMax="2013-12-31" collectingDateMin="2013-12-16" collectionCode="ABRI" collectorName="Leg. &amp; Safian, Sz. &amp; Horvath &amp; A. Coll." country="Liberia" county="Mountains" location="East" municipality="Coldwater" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Nimba" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F48689AB61444B37A864F8FFB12B6B65" box="[859,894,1858,1884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261444B37A8B7F8FFB1AC6B65" box="[904,1017,1858,1884]" name="Liberia" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">LIBERIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="20448CC061444B37AF37F8FCB6016B62" box="[1032,1108,1857,1883]" country="Liberia" name="Nimba" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Nimba</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty id="0B5E3AAE61444B37AF61F8FCB68C6B62" box="[1118,1241,1857,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Mountains</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="025BD85861444B37AFD8F8FCB7086B62" box="[1255,1373,1857,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Coldwater</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="E75F14F961444B37AE53F8FFB7C96B65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A29F33461444B3BABA8F9D4B3F36DEA:E75F14F961444B37AE53F8FFB7C96B65" box="[1388,1436,1858,1884]" country="Liberia" county="Mountains" municipality="Coldwater" name="East" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" stateProvince="Nimba">East</location>
<collectingRegion id="20448CC061444B37ABA8F8D8B2B66B46" box="[151,227,1893,1919]" country="Liberia" name="Nimba" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Nimba</collectingRegion>
<location id="E75F14F961444B37ABD5F8DBB3C36BB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A29F33461444B3BABA8F9D4B3F36DEA:E75F14F961444B37ABD5F8DBB3C36BB9" box="[234,406,1894,1920]" country="Liberia" county="Mountains" municipality="Coldwater" name="Nature Reserve" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" stateProvince="Nimba">Nature Reserve</location>
and
<location id="E75F14F961444B37AAF4F8D8B0876BB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A29F33461444B3BABA8F9D4B3F36DEA:E75F14F961444B37AAF4F8D8B0876BB9" box="[459,722,1893,1920]" country="Liberia" county="Mountains" municipality="Coldwater" name="Blei Community Forest" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" stateProvince="Nimba">Blei Community Forest</location>
<collectingDate id="867A9D0A61444B37A9E6F8D8B1DF6B46" box="[729,906,1893,1919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" value="2013-12-16" valueMax="2013-12-31" valueMin="2013-12-16">
<date id="963E64E261444B37A9E6F8D8B1DF6B46" box="[729,906,1893,1919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" value="2013-12-16" valueMax="2013-12-31" valueMin="2013-12-16">16-31.XII.2013</date>
</collectingDate>
.
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A8ABF8DBB19E6BB9" box="[916,971,1894,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Leg.</collectorName>
:
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A8EAF8D8B61B6BB9" box="[981,1102,1893,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Sáfián, Sz.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37AF65F8D8B6EC6B46" box="[1114,1209,1893,1919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Horváth</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37AFFCF8D8B7756B46" box="[1219,1312,1893,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Á. Coll.</collectorName>
:
<collectionCode id="8491DAE761444B37AE17F8DBB73B6BB9" box="[1320,1390,1894,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">ABRI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="52E8487F61444B37AE46F8DBB17A6BF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270822762" collectingDate="2008-11-28" collectionCode="ANHRT" collectorName="Leg. &amp; Safian, Sz. &amp; Csontos, G. &amp; Vorgas, R &amp; In" country="Sierra Leone" county="Gola Rainforest National Park" location="Waiama" municipality="Tainihun" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F48689AB61444B37AE46F8DBB7C96BB9" box="[1401,1436,1894,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261444B37ABA8F837B30A6B9D" box="[151,351,1930,1956]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">SIERRA LEONE</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="0B5E3AAE61444B37AA55F834B0E86B9A" box="[362,701,1929,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Gola Rainforest National Park</collectingCounty>
corridor area, trekking from
<collectingMunicipality id="025BD85861444B37AF3CF834B6336B9A" box="[1027,1126,1929,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Tainihun</collectingMunicipality>
to
<location id="E75F14F961444B37AFB5F834B6B06B9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A29F33461444B3BABA8F9D4B3F36DEA:E75F14F961444B37AFB5F834B6B06B9A" box="[1162,1253,1929,1955]" country="Sierra Leone" county="Gola Rainforest National Park" municipality="Tainihun" name="Waiama" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Waiama</location>
24,
<collectingDate id="867A9D0A61444B37AE29F837B7CC6B9D" box="[1302,1433,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" value="2008-11-28">
<date id="963E64E261444B37AE29F837B7CC6B9D" box="[1302,1433,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" value="2008-11-28">28.XI.2008</date>
</collectingDate>
.
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37ABA8F813B29B6BF1" box="[151,206,1966,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Leg.</collectorName>
:
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37ABE5F810B3036BF1" box="[218,342,1965,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Sáfián, Sz.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37AA5CF813B3BF6BF1" box="[355,490,1966,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Csontos, G.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37AAC8F813B03C6BF1" box="[503,617,1966,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Vorgas, R</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A949F813B0D86BF1" box="[630,653,1966,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">In</collectorName>
coll:
<collectionCode id="8491DAE761444B37A9F1F813B17A6BF1" box="[718,815,1966,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">ANHRT</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="52E8487F61444B37A803F813B1636BD5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270822765" collectingDate="2012-12-15" collectorName="Leg. &amp; Belcastro, C" country="Sierra Leone" county="Gola Rainforest National Park" location="Gola South" municipality="Nemahugoima" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F48689AB61444B37A803F813B10A6BF1" box="[828,863,1966,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261444B37A858F813B6646BF1" box="[871,1073,1966,1992]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">SIERRA LEONE</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="0B5E3AAE61444B37AF02F810B7CD6BFE" box="[1085,1432,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Gola Rainforest National Park</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="025BD85861444B37ABA8F86CB3696BD2" box="[151,316,2001,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Nemahugoima</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="E75F14F961444B37AA75F86CB39D6BD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A29F33461444B3BABA8F9D4B3F36DEA:E75F14F961444B37AA75F86CB39D6BD2" box="[330,456,2001,2027]" country="Sierra Leone" county="Gola Rainforest National Park" municipality="Nemahugoima" name="Gola South" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Gola South</location>
<collectingDate id="867A9D0A61444B37AAEFF86CB0096BD5" box="[464,604,2001,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" value="2012-12-15">
<date id="963E64E261444B37AAEFF86CB0096BD5" box="[464,604,2001,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" value="2012-12-15">15.XII.2012</date>
</collectingDate>
.
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A958F86FB0C86BD5" box="[615,669,2002,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Leg.</collectorName>
:
<collectorName id="4F7527F461444B37A997F86CB1636BD5" box="[680,822,2001,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113">Belcastro, C</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA9A11A961474B35ABF8FF25B3086A3C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="6" pageNumber="114" type="description">
<paragraph id="E23F422261474B34ABF8FF25B0176E93" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061474B34ABF8FF25B04F6C8A" bold="true" box="[199,538,152,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="114">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="3D3BFC8061474B34AA93FF24B0406C8A" box="[428,533,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="114" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Wingspan
<quantity id="2578EFC761474B34A9A1FF25B1526C8A" box="[670,775,152,179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="30.5">30.5 mm</quantity>
. Forewing length:
<quantity id="2578EFC761474B34A8DDFF25B6626C8A" box="[994,1079,152,179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
. General appearance like other
<taxonomicName id="258039A161474B34ABA8FF01B3716CEF" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,292,188,214]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061474B34ABA8FF01B3716CEF" box="[151,292,188,214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="114">Andronymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ground colour dark brown, with
<quantity id="2578EFC761474B34A997FF00B0BC6CEE" box="[680,745,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, creamy-coloured, semi-hyaline triangular spot in space 2, starting from the base of space; outer end of spot indentate. Smaller triangular spot also present, separated by only vein 3 from tip of larger one. In sub-apex two small, more or less rectangular creamy spots encompass a small triangular spot, small creamy oval spot also present in discoidal cell. Hindwing with large oval creamy semi-hyaline spot that tapers down towards base, circled around completely with dark brown colour. Long, darker, creamy-yellow androconial hair-pencil present across the hyaline spot from coastal edge of cell (starts just beyond vein 6) to tip of cell. Creamy-yellow coloured streak with hairs along vein 7 present. Fringes on both wings creamy. Ground colour of underside forewing dark brown, with upperside’s spotting present, inner half of forewing overlaid by creamy scales extending to tip of large triangular spot between inner margin and spot and halfway towards tip of spot in cell. Creamy colour covers most of hindwing, leaving only
<quantity id="2578EFC761474B34A814FDBCB13E6E22" box="[811,875,513,539]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
broad marginal band between apex and tip of vein 2. Small oval brown spot present between lower edge of semi-hyaline spot and vein 2. Body dark brown, on dorsal side, covered with whitish hairs on ventral side. Legs brown on the top, whitish below. Palpi creamy coloured below. Length of antenna two-thirds of forewing, dark brown on top with white rings below. Club long, lanceolate, brown on top, white below. Eyes bald, black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E23F422261474B34ABF8FD08B6696F2F" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061474B34ABF8FD08B32C6EF6" bold="true" box="[199,377,692,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="114">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Uncus long, tapering down into narrow tounge-like tip, with thick hair-tuft dorsally. Tegumen hood-like, squat, in lateral view. Fultura inferior large, W-shaped. Valva broad and long, its tip’s inner edge curves up in right angle, outer edge evenly rounded. Aedeagus simple, broad, cylindrical.*
</paragraph>
<caption id="B6FF12AA61474B34ABA8F815B3786BDC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258515/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="114" startId="6.[151,250,1960,1985]" targetBox="[170,1412,842,1889]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="E23F422261474B34ABA8F815B3786BDC" blockId="6.[151,1437,1960,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061474B34ABA8F815B3406BF8" bold="true" box="[151,277,1960,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="114">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Males:
<taxonomicName id="258039A161474B34AA54F814B0116BF8" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[363,580,1961,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061474B34AA54F814B0116BF8" box="[363,580,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="114">Andronymus fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype) A—upperside, C—underside;
<taxonomicName id="258039A161474B34A8C9F814B7546BF8" authority="(Cameroon)" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Cameroon" box="[1014,1281,1961,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061474B34A8C9F814B62B6BF8" box="[1014,1150,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="114">A. fenestrella</emphasis>
(Cameroon)
</taxonomicName>
B—upperside, D—underside.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E23F422261464B35ABF8FF24B6696D96" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,431]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35ABF8FF24B2806C8A" bold="true" box="[199,213,153,179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">*</emphasis>
The morphology of aedeagus of
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35A978FF24B0816C8A" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[583,724,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35A978FF24B0816C8A" box="[583,724,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Andronymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was misunderstood by various authors including Miller (
<bibRefCitation id="86113FD361464B35AE63FF24B3336CEE" author="Lindsey, A. W. &amp; Miller, L. D." pageId="7" pageNumber="115" refId="ref6106" refString="Lindsey, A. W. &amp; Miller, L. D. (1965) Hesperiidae. In: Fox, R. M., Lindsey, A. W., Clench, H. K. &amp; Miller, L. D. (Eds.), The butterflies of Liberia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, No. 19, pp. [i-iv] + i-ii, 1 - 438." type="book" year="1965">Lindsey &amp; Miller 1965</bibRefCitation>
) and also
<bibRefCitation id="86113FD361464B35AAE6FF00B02F6CEE" author="Larsen, T. B." box="[473,634,188,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" refId="ref5976" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, 595 pp., 125 colour pls." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
. In their former publications, they illustrate an unusually long aedeagus basally very long and narrow. This is actually part of the unique structure of fultura inferior, which holds the rather short and cylindrical phallus so tightly that recognition and separation of the two is problematic. It is also unusual that the process of the fultura seems to be often longer than the actual phallus. This is the case also on the genitalia slide of
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35ABC9FEF0B3246D5E" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[246,369,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35ABC9FEF0B3246D5E" box="[246,369,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
produced by Larsen and Belcastro, where the fultura is still holding the phallus (
<figureCitation id="7ABB5EA761464B35AE27FEF0B7256D5E" box="[1304,1392,332,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1156,1181]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,466,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,453,1137]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male genitalia and separated aedeagus: A. fenestra (holotype)(slide and photo by Larsen and Belcastro)—A; and A. fenestrella (Cameroon)—B. Note that fultura inferior is still attached to the phallus of A. fenestra due to previous misconception of the genitalia morphology. The authors could not remove the phallus from the slide (see footnote above)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258517/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
be-low—dorsal view). This was revealed only later, during the dissection of further
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35AF11FECCB6916DB2" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" box="[1070,1220,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35AF11FECCB6916DB2" box="[1070,1220,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens, and on one specimen the phallus could be removed without damaging the fultura (
<figureCitation id="7ABB5EA761464B35A8E2FE28B67B6D96" box="[989,1070,404,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1156,1181]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,466,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,453,1137]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male genitalia and separated aedeagus: A. fenestra (holotype)(slide and photo by Larsen and Belcastro)—A; and A. fenestrella (Cameroon)—B. Note that fultura inferior is still attached to the phallus of A. fenestra due to previous misconception of the genitalia morphology. The authors could not remove the phallus from the slide (see footnote above)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258517/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Fig 5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B6FF12AA61464B35ABA8FB39B68568DC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258517/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" startId="7.[151,250,1156,1181]" targetBox="[161,1421,466,1099]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="E23F422261464B35ABA8FB39B68568DC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1156,1253]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35ABA8FB39B34768A4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1156,1181]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Male genitalia and separated aedeagus:
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35A999FB38B14668A4" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[678,787,1157,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35A999FB38B14668A4" box="[678,787,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype)(slide and photo by Larsen and Belcastro)—A; and
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35AEB9FB38B3D168F8" authority="(Cameroon)" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Cameroon" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35AEB9FB38B35468F8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestrella</emphasis>
(Cameroon)
</taxonomicName>
—B. Note that fultura inferior is still attached to the phallus of
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35A8C9FB14B63668F8" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[1014,1123,1193,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35A8C9FB14B63668F8" box="[1014,1123,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to previous misconception of the genitalia morphology. The authors could not remove the phallus from the slide (see footnote above).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E23F422261464B35ABF8FAAFB2A3694C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1298,2046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35ABF8FAAFB3846914" bold="true" box="[199,465,1298,1325]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Description of female.</emphasis>
General appearance of female very similar to male, but forewing’s central spots significantly shorter, not conjoined, trapezoid in shape, rather than triangular. Androconial hair-pencil on hindwing missing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E23F422261464B35ABF8FAC2B3086A3C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1298,2046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35ABF8FAC2B3C369A0" bold="true" box="[199,406,1406,1433]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Papillae analis small (
<quantity id="2578EFC761464B35A99FFAC2B0AE69A3" box="[672,763,1407,1434]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
in lateral view), squat, densely scattered with short hairs. Apophyses posterior missing. Von Siebold organ cylindrical. Lamellae antevaginalis weakly sclerotized, large (
<quantity id="2578EFC761464B35AEAFFA1EB29269DB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
), tube like. Ductus bursae rather short (
<quantity id="2578EFC761464B35A945FA7AB0E969DB" box="[634,700,1479,1506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
), broad, and of even width (
<quantity id="2578EFC761464B35A8D1FA7BB62C69DB" box="[1006,1145,1478,1506]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
). Bursa oval, almost twice as long as ductus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA9A11A961464B35ABF8F9B3B62B6B8F" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E23F422261464B35ABF8F9B3B3AB6B1C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1298,2046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35ABF8F9B3B3856A10" bold="true" box="[199,464,1550,1577]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35AAE6F9B2B0006A10" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[473,597,1551,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35AAE6F9B2B0006A10" box="[473,597,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles most closely
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35A84FF9B2B6526A10" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" box="[880,1031,1551,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35A84FF9B2B6526A10" box="[880,1031,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the two species are clearly allopatric.
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35ABC4F98EB3266A74" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[251,371,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35ABC4F98EB3266A74" box="[251,371,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35A99AF98EB16C6A74" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" box="[677,825,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35A99AF98EB16C6A74" box="[677,825,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the significantly longer forewing triangular spots in spaces 2 and 3. These spots in
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35AACCF9EAB0386A48" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[499,621,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35AACCF9EAB0386A48" box="[499,621,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are virtually twice as long as in
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35A8E0F9EAB6216A48" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" box="[991,1140,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35A8E0F9EAB6216A48" box="[991,1140,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in both sexes, making the two immediately distinguishable. Also, the creamy colour on the forewing underside is more extensive in
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35AE05F9C6B2ED6A80" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35AE05F9C6B2ED6A80" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, covering almost the entire cell, which is brown in
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35A9C9F922B1DC6A80" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" box="[758,905,1695,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35A9C9F922B1DC6A80" box="[758,905,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In females the size differences in the forewing spotting is also present but not as outstanding as in the males. On their hindwing, the creamy centre spot is narrower, leaving the abdominal fold partly brown (
<figureCitation id="7ABB5EA761464B35A952F95AB0FE6B3B" box="[621,683,1767,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[209,1370,181,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[203,1384,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Females: Andronymus fenestra (paratype, Ivory Coast) A—upperside, C—underside; A. fenestra (paratype, Liberia) B—upperside, D—underside; A. fenestrella (Cameroon) E—upperside, G—underside; A. fenestrella (DRC) F—upperside, H—underside." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258519/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Fig 6</figureCitation>
). The extent of the hyaline spots of male
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35AFBFF95AB6AC6B38" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[1152,1273,1767,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35AFBFF95AB6AC6B38" box="[1152,1273,1767,1793]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also unique and the species is unmistakable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E23F422261464B35ABF8F892B62B6B8F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1298,2046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
The male genitalia do not differ much between the two closely related species, but those of females show significant differences. The genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35A902F8EEB0ED6B54" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[573,696,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35A902F8EEB0ED6B54" box="[573,696,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
look generally much more robust with much broader ductus and larger bursa copulatrix, with similar size of papillae analis in both species. However, they are very different in shape: almost squat in
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35AA77F826B3946B8C" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[328,449,1947,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35AA77F826B3946B8C" box="[328,449,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and axe-head shaped in
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35A9EAF826B13C6B8C" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" box="[725,873,1947,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35A9EAF826B13C6B8C" box="[725,873,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">A. fenestrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in lateral view) (
<figureCitation id="7ABB5EA761464B35AF0DF826B6256B8F" box="[1074,1136,1947,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[171,1386,467,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,489,1920]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Female genitalia: A. fenestra (paratype)—A, C and A. fenestrella (DRC)—B, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258521/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Fig 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA9A11A961464B35ABF8F802B1996BC4" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E23F422261464B35ABF8F802B1996BC4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1298,2046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35ABF8F802B31B6BE0" bold="true" box="[199,334,1983,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name of the new species refers to the close relationship to
<taxonomicName id="258039A161464B35AF28F802B7756BE0" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" box="[1047,1312,1983,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061464B35AF28F802B7756BE0" box="[1047,1312,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="115">Andronymus fenestrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but also to the significantly larger semi-hyaline (window-like) spots on its forewing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B6FF12AA61494B3AABA8F82FB3786BCA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258519/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" startId="8.[151,250,1938,1963]" targetBox="[209,1370,181,1907]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="E23F422261494B3AABA8F82FB3786BCA" blockId="8.[151,1437,1938,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061494B3AABA8F82FB3466B92" bold="true" box="[151,275,1938,1963]" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Females:
<taxonomicName id="258039A161494B3AAA42F82EB0006B92" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[381,597,1939,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061494B3AAA42F82EB0006B92" box="[381,597,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">Andronymus fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(paratype, Ivory Coast) A—upperside, C—underside;
<taxonomicName id="258039A161494B3AAFBCF82EB6A76B92" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[1155,1266,1939,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061494B3AAFBCF82EB6A76B92" box="[1155,1266,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(paratype, Liberia) B—upperside, D—underside;
<taxonomicName id="258039A161494B3AAACAF80AB0A96BF6" authority="(Cameroon)" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Cameroon" box="[501,764,1975,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061494B3AAACAF80AB02E6BF6" box="[501,635,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">A. fenestrella</emphasis>
(Cameroon)
</taxonomicName>
E—upperside, G—underside;
<taxonomicName id="258039A161494B3AAF0AF80AB6EE6BF6" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" box="[1077,1211,1975,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061494B3AAF0AF80AB6EE6BF6" box="[1077,1211,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="116">A. fenestrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(DRC) F—upperside, H—underside.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="AA9A11A961484B3BABF8FF25B3F36DEA" pageId="9" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E23F422261484B3BABF8FF25B3F36DEA" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061484B3BABF8FF25B3196C8A" bold="true" box="[199,332,152,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="258039A161484B3BAA6BFF24B3986C8A" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[340,461,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061484B3BAA6BFF24B3986C8A" box="[340,461,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly very closely related to
<taxonomicName id="258039A161484B3BA87DFF24B1826C8A" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" box="[834,983,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061484B3BA87DFF24B1826C8A" box="[834,983,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">A. fenestrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is widely distributed in the Congolian forest zone between Central
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261484B3BA91BFF00B0CC6CEE" box="[548,665,189,215]" name="Cameroon" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261484B3BA9F0FF00B1496CEE" box="[719,796,189,215]" name="Gabon" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">Gabon</collectingCountry>
, in the west,
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261484B3BA891FF00B1BD6CEE" box="[942,1000,189,215]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">DRC</collectingCountry>
in the south (with disjunct populations in
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261484B3BAB8CFF5CB3476CC2" box="[179,274,225,251]" name="Rwanda" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261484B3BAA23FF5CB3D16CC2" box="[284,388,225,251]" name="Tanzania" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, Northwest of
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261484B3BA919FF5CB0296CC2" box="[550,636,225,251]" name="Zambia" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">Zambia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261484B3BA98EFF5CB15C6CC2" box="[689,777,225,251]" name="Malawi" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">Malawi</collectingCountry>
, probably also in the neighbouring
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261484B3BAFB0FF5CB6B46CC2" box="[1167,1249,225,251]" name="Angola" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">Angola</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingRegion id="20448CC061484B3BAE00FF5CB2BD6D26" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Katanga" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">Katanga Region</collectingRegion>
of the
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261484B3BAA09FEB8B3216D26" box="[310,372,261,287]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">DRC</collectingCountry>
), and probably the
<collectingRegion id="20448CC061484B3BA975FEB8B0D76D26" box="[586,642,261,287]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">Kivu</collectingRegion>
area of the
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261484B3BA839FEB8B1156D26" box="[774,832,261,287]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">DRC</collectingCountry>
in the east.
<taxonomicName id="258039A161484B3BA8F9FEB8B66A6D26" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Belcastro &amp; Tropek" authorityYear="2019" box="[966,1087,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestra">
<emphasis id="D0F49E3061484B3BA8F9FEB8B66A6D26" box="[966,1087,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">A. fenestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded only in the Liberian sub-region, where it is very rare in wet and hyperwet lowland forests. This is also supported by the fact that after the first specimens collected in 1991, the species has not been re-found until 2008, despite Belcastro’s continuous field research in
<collectingCountry id="9A9702B261484B3BAA6DFECCB3B36DB2" box="[338,486,369,395]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="9" pageNumber="117">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
. In his review on Sierra Leonean skippers (
<bibRefCitation id="86113FD361484B3BA8F6FECCB6216DB5" author="Belcastro, C." box="[969,1140,369,396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="117" refId="ref5555" refString="Belcastro, C. (1986) A preliminary list of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) from Sierra Leone with description a new species. Problemi" type="book" year="1986">Belcastro 1986</bibRefCitation>
) has hasn’t even listed the taxon related to
<taxonomicName id="258039A161484B3BAA75FE28B3B46D96" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1908" box="[330,481,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">A. fenestrella</taxonomicName>
as expected to be found in the country. The species is probably genuinely endemic to the Liberian sub-region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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