146 lines
16 KiB
XML
146 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9650" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="68C1557EF58E5D1673CFF5F7EB777633" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Cnestus Sampson 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732888464283" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="404DCF46F4FAD12613B5459A4180FA5F">
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<mods:title id="CE036111DF803512190E91EB4B2EA53F">A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3A5FEA9FD642CE9F37A1A541FB446D9D">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="763DEA6ACB3DC1975CBE23FB91116AFC">Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CC5C2439035B22B120235494A78B30D8" type="email">camptocerus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="46D3E201BC8B8BEE1359963B9A653ECA">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3FA7C37247FF51A365F2B9A2FE21B3CD">161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C20EC69D11D3ECE8402608C39CB86A42">Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CEF2407C1E3C8AA3C03A88CA726322C9">Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:part id="B7F3BFC4711CD7ADBC3E9706CDA3734A">
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<mods:date id="48A4129FF3929168755665F8D5476078">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E02F8AAD76F08D88DD58C6B153F9AC83" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4C7E543F3C38D90D23D7BC974FE8B424">983</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CB55450BA45FAE8A0B52F59AD1A308E6">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F848A82A90136D48AC44061544F4F5D2">442</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="30BF359D2E30F387CB83C22AEF11E86A">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4CFE06C7535223DCF70706AC0CF363C2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B722BFF029004EDC0B4E388F2934673B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="68C1557EF58E5D1673CFF5F7EB777633" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68C1557EF58E5D1673CFF5F7EB777633" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68C1557EF58E5D1673CFF5F7EB777633" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Curculionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Scolytinae">
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<subSubSection id="226E543EAA08A3CD2CDF1F2359F388EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A142D6D049A8FB1B32D97154EB84ACDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="6FE8D3351CADD378C0406C77FAD95C37" ID-CoL="8HDW6" authority="Sampson, 1911" authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cnestus Sampson, 1911</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FE77E38E65AA6EA36637F7DF758BEC94" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="58E1C940847CDE2EC13A1A0D55BC179B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="76AF966F4D6817BE53D6C3315DB0A936" authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cnestus</taxonomicName>
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Sampson, 1911: 383.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B82E0AA727EED4459C0553E0FD640C2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="5929534260F04AB191E8EA437004364A" authorityName="Murayama" authorityYear="1950" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tosaxyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tosaxyleborus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tosaxyleborus</taxonomicName>
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Murayama, 1950: 49. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation id="7D159DFCEF74B97BDA03989365982B1C" author="Browne, FG" journalOrPublisher="Sarawak Museum Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="343 - 373" refId="B66" refString="Browne, FG, 1955. Synonymy and descriptions of some Oriental Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Sarawak Museum Journal 6: 343 - 373" title="Synonymy and descriptions of some Oriental Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera)." volume="6" year="1955">Browne 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 368.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="61E9EB2DA03CADC3FE99F1CE3922BC8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="6E809FF5D3A4036FBED7D62392064541" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="515654320CAD4ED25CFBE2CC10EC25E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="25BF1FF7D466E52B977285EDB7778E6F" authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus magnus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis id="EE80DF9DB3117894DAF5CCD19614F975" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Sampson, 1911; monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7E2AE2E5B6AEF6C1898E0C31C820BBFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="29A90F8982EE37D177B2B0D5EA7CD2E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="118A3CE2A7E20BC79F6D34CCC536783B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="415EE22F3E02CE74DBBE574868079CFE" authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D1594D34C1DFCBB02C9FDC813313CBA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are typically moderate to large in size, 1.8-5.5 mm, and stout, 1.54-2.75
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<normalizedToken id="D0A2A031C6D4F921E1AC99F241B6EACB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide.
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<taxonomicName id="2BD4F3DC720A2F8AE485772B04AFACF5" authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="159BCF7951749430327E968F109DB538" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a morphologically variable genus but is distinguished by the eye feebly emarginate; lateral margin of the pronotum carinate from base to at least the midpoint; submentum depressed; procoxae narrowly separated; antennal club truncate, types 1 or 2 with segment 1 completely or almost covering the posterior face; antennal funicle 3- or 4-segmented; scutellum flat, flush with elytral surface. Most species have a mesonotal mycangium on the pronotal base.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CBFFBDEEC34D696BD2BCA1492776D03A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar genera">
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<paragraph id="299806CE561969E62D0650891534A723" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar genera.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2629500AB96AA9F46BB657A87C5AAA9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="1FB5E967E33DEC35CFECC48765617891" authorityName="Ferrari" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="37344A60D1481278E7DE1E02727824E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anisandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="3D3FC42F52674D28F981F7BED50021A6" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hadrodemius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadrodemius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E646B623178DA55CB3F65426C9B341E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hadrodemius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C04C78B891E5F6BA1D0AEC79C783570E" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B68DA4C5FB4F8C8E9E3B7D16A7EE68B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="18967935F908542BEA276B91A25D5242" authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E03CC3A9AFF7D6C36F889728F3FBD51C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="36556BD72B021F647321F1CAA46DBC3D" authorityName="Ferrari" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="696BBDBCBAE64BF29FE39DF23B5A8B5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anisandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="BC15502EDC259FC5214DAEEC0711E651" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hadrodemius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadrodemius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7B94ADEB104F8FD72B7A354BEA207C92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hadrodemius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="0A85B83A06FB198E18E8F2F397B38624" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FD2F611B5D69F7A21B57BBFC219E793" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, all of which possess a mesonotal mycangium and the associated dense tuft of hair-like setae at the scutellar area and pronotal base (
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<bibRefCitation id="36688B7FC1F23464B545584A2197AF88" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13219" author="Gohli, J" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1258 - 1272" refId="B172" refString="Gohli, J, Kirkendall, LR, Smith, SM, Cognato, AI, Hulcr, J, Jordal, BH, 2017. Biological factors contributing to bark and ambrosia beetle species diversification. Evolution 71: 1258 - 1272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13219" title="Biological factors contributing to bark and ambrosia beetle species diversification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13219" volume="71" year="2017">Gohli et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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; Johnson et al. 2018).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B599F9D210F7527C8A11AD1CCEEBE346" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="09645E3C3454432038361FD5CCD0B148" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66456D6191420D94005A2EA6906EE9D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Distributed throughout Asia, Oceania and South America (
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<bibRefCitation id="E26B089468A3ED3A20CADFA6D883D5F1" author="Petrov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Koleopterologische Rundschau" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="269 - 274" refId="B313" refString="Petrov, AV, Mandelshtam, MYu, 2018. Description of a new species of Cnestus Sampson, 1911, and notes on other species from South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Koleopterologische Rundschau 88: 269 - 274" title="Description of a new species of Cnestus Sampson, 1911, and notes on other species from South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." volume="88" year="2018">Petrov and Mandelshtam 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). One species is established in the United States (
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<bibRefCitation id="5C2A34AE47AA0130D6C25694C7A3207F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1649/760" author="Schiefer, TL" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="431 - 438" refId="B429" refString="Schiefer, TL, Bright, DE, 2004. Xylosandrus mutilatus (Blandford), an exotic ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) new to North America. The Coleopterists Bulletin 58: 431 - 438, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1649/760" title="Xylosandrus mutilatus (Blandford), an exotic ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) new to North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/760" volume="58" year="2004">Schiefer and Bright 2004</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C1AA148D254CCB67F45D748287FF2692" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="gallery system">
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<paragraph id="55B8EB97499372BA5226228506021FDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gallery system.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="75B78FFCDE43F0B18F6E3F98F53DD99C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species, as far as is known, are twig and shoot-borers, and the gallery system is typical of such species with a short radial or circumferential gallery running to the middle of the stem, and longitudinal branches up and down the stem in which the brood develops.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |