879 lines
121 KiB
XML
879 lines
121 KiB
XML
<document id="84B7DBD09E73397212A55DF42D165D7F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5325.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8243389" ID-ZooBank="670D8B76-9F1F-48C5-9484-E2EFD8B09C24" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1691941684947" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Abstract, Júlio Cezar Mário Chaul" docDate="2023" docId="680E87F4625CFFF449ABBC9BFAF2FB24" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5325.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5325 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5325.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Zigrasimecia Barden & Grimaldi 2013" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="311" masterDocId="9437FF8C625AFFFE493CBC44FFE6FFCD" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Cretaceous ant genus Zigrasimecia Barden & Grimaldi, 2013 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: † Zigrasimeciinae)" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="307" updateTime="1692026210163" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="AB6D7E4AE4BA707FE45A5B9FE8A4C674">A revision of the Cretaceous ant genus Zigrasimecia Barden & Grimaldi, 2013 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: † Zigrasimeciinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D2BA34FAC9073A847D78AE92DDE6F914">Abstract, Júlio Cezar Mário Chaul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="48086E0366CE9078AF4479B6B045F943">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D23ED7BEB0DB1A7C1020FD3B86208A01">
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<mods:date id="6C1D6961EF3441427A82BCC25C23C2F8">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FB033F5B0D6585A1E391AD3C78EC346F">2023-08-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="89BBEC8909339E693F776AA44569DF07">5325</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849ABBC9BFC9DFF34" blockId="6.[151,1421,223,430]" box="[151,891,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849ABBC9BFE73FF34" bold="true" box="[151,405,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Synopsis of the genus</emphasis>
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†
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<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF84897BC9BFC9DFF34" authority="Barden & Grimaldi, 2013" authorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2013" box="[427,891,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF84897BC9BFC9DFF34" bold="true" box="[427,891,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF84897BC9BFDA4FF34" bold="true" box="[427,578,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="84364B13625CFFF84B74BC9BFC9DFF34" author="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A." box="[584,891,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="405 - 412" refId="ref23029" refString="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2013) A new genus of highly specialized ants in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 3681 (4), 405 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3681.4.5" type="journal article" year="2013">Barden & Grimaldi, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8BD6569625CFFF849FBBD47FC02FE8C" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849FBBD47FC02FE8C" blockId="6.[151,1421,223,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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†
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||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BD40FD2AFED0" authority="Barden & Grimaldi, 2013: 407" authorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" authorityPageNumber="407" authorityYear="2013" box="[213,716,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BD40FE8FFED0" box="[213,361,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B13625CFFF8484CBD47FD2AFED0" author="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A." box="[368,716,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="405 - 412" refId="ref23029" refString="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2013) A new genus of highly specialized ants in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 3681 (4), 405 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3681.4.5" type="journal article" year="2013">Barden & Grimaldi, 2013: 407</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Type-species:
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF84A4ABD40FB93FED0" box="[886,1141,260,286]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF84ABEBD40FB93FED0" authorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2013" box="[898,1141,260,286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonsora">Zigrasimecia tonsora</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, by original designation. †
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<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BD6CFDEDFE8C" box="[213,523,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BD6CFE8FFE8C" authority="Abstract, 2023" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,361,296,321]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="incertae sedis">Zigrasimecia</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9E0578B625CFFF8484CBD6CFDEDFE8C" box="[368,523,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">incertae sedis</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF84B12BD63FD54FE8C" box="[558,690,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B13625CFFF84B81BD63FC06FE8C" author="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A." box="[701,992,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="405 - 412" refId="ref23029" refString="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2013) A new genus of highly specialized ants in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 3681 (4), 405 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3681.4.5" type="journal article" year="2013">Barden & Grimaldi, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8BD6569625CFFF849FBBD0FFAF4FCF4" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849FBBD0FFC17FEA8" blockId="6.[151,1421,223,430]" box="[199,1009,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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||
†
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||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BD08FE8FFEA8" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,361,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BD08FE8FFEA8" box="[213,361,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in †Sphecomyrminae: †
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||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF84B45BD0FFCD5FEA8" authority="Perrichot, 2014" box="[633,819,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphecomyrmini">Sphecomyrmini</taxonomicName>
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||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B13625CFFF84A01BD0FFC08FEA8" author="Perrichot, V." box="[829,1006,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="165 - 169" refId="ref25413" refString="Perrichot, V. (2014) A new species of the Cretaceous ant Zigrasimecia based on the worker caste reveals placement of the genus in the Sphecomyrminae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News, 19, 165 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.25849 / myrmecol. news _ 019: 165" type="journal article" year="2014">Perrichot, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849FBBD2BFC12FE44" blockId="6.[151,1421,223,430]" box="[199,1012,367,394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BD34FE8FFE44" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,361,368,393]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BD34FE8FFE44" box="[213,361,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in †Sphecomyrminae: †
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||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF84B47BD34FCF8FE44" authorityName="Borysenko" authorityYear="2017" box="[635,798,368,393]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Zigrasimeciini">
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||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF84B47BD34FCF8FE44" box="[635,798,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimeciini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B13625CFFF84A12BD2BFC16FE44" author="Borysenko, L. H." box="[814,1008,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref23349" refString="Borysenko, L. H. (2017) Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insecta Mundi, 570, 1 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 051367" type="journal article" year="2017">Borysenko, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849FBBDD7FCADFE60" blockId="6.[151,1421,223,430]" box="[199,843,403,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
†
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||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BDD0FE8FFE60" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,361,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BDD0FE8FFE60" box="[213,361,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in †
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||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF848A4BDD7FDB2FE60" authorityName="Borysenko" authorityYear="2017" box="[408,596,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zigrasimeciinae">Zigrasimeciinae</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B13625CFFF84B62BDD7FCADFE60" author="Boudinot, B. E. & Perrichot, V. & Chaul, J. C. M." box="[606,843,403,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="21 - 55" refId="ref23472" refString="Boudinot, B. E., Perrichot, V. & Chaul, J. C. M. (2020) † Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys, 1005, 21 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1005.57629" type="journal article" year="2020">
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||
Boudinot
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||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF84BF1BDD0FD18FE60" box="[717,766,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2020
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849ABBD9FFEFFFE38" blockId="6.[151,1431,475,826]" box="[151,281,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<heading id="BB50818E625CFFF849ABBD9FFEFFFE38" bold="true" box="[151,281,475,501]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849ABBD9FFEFFFE38" bold="true" box="[151,281,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Species list</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849FBBDBBFB4AFDD4" blockId="6.[151,1431,475,826]" box="[199,1196,511,538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BE44FE3DFDD4" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,475,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boudinoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BE44FE3DFDD4" box="[213,475,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia boudinoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF848DEBDBBFDCEFDD4" box="[482,552,511,537]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Chaul</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF84B0FBDBBFD6BFDD4" bold="true" box="[563,653,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9E0578B625CFFF84B0FBDBBFD6BFDD4" box="[563,653,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF84BA8BE44FCE7FDD7" box="[660,769,512,538]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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||
(Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849FBBE67FB51FDF0" blockId="6.[151,1431,475,826]" box="[199,1207,547,574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BE60FE00FDF0" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,486,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caohuijiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BE60FE00FDF0" box="[213,486,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia caohuijiae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF848D1BE67FDD5FDF0" box="[493,563,547,573]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Chaul</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF84B02BE67FD7EFDF0" bold="true" box="[574,664,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9E0578B625CFFF84B02BE67FD7EFDF0" box="[574,664,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF84BA3BE60FCEAFDF3" box="[671,780,548,574]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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||
(Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849FBBE03FB26FDAC" blockId="6.[151,1431,475,826]" box="[199,1216,583,610]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BE0CFE16FDAC" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,496,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chuyangsui">
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||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BE0CFE16FDAC" box="[213,496,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia chuyangsui</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF848CABE03FDDAFDAC" box="[502,572,583,609]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Chaul</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF84B7BBE03FD47FDAC" bold="true" box="[583,673,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9E0578B625CFFF84B7BBE03FD47FDAC" box="[583,673,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF84B94BE0CFCF3FDAF" box="[680,789,584,610]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849FBBE2FFB64FD48" blockId="6.[151,1431,475,826]" box="[199,1154,619,646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BE28FD86FD48" authority="Perrichot, 2014" authorityName="Perrichot" authorityYear="2014" box="[213,608,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BE28FE4FFD48" box="[213,425,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia ferox</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B13625CFFF84893BE2FFD86FD48" author="Perrichot, V." box="[431,608,619,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="165 - 169" refId="ref25413" refString="Perrichot, V. (2014) A new species of the Cretaceous ant Zigrasimecia based on the worker caste reveals placement of the genus in the Sphecomyrminae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News, 19, 165 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.25849 / myrmecol. news _ 019: 165" type="journal article" year="2014">Perrichot, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF84B56BE28FD31FD4B" box="[618,727,620,646]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849FBBECBFB56FD3C" blockId="6.[151,1431,475,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BED4FC93FD64" authority="Zhuang, Ran, Li, Feng & Liu, 2022" authorityName="Zhuang, Ran, Li, Feng & Liu" authorityYear="2022" box="[213,885,655,682]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goldingot">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BED4FE3DFD64" box="[213,475,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia goldingot</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B13625CFFF848DEBECBFC93FD64" author="Zhuang, Y. & Ran, H. & Li, X. & Feng, C. & Liu, Y." box="[482,885,655,682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref26406" refString="Zhuang, Y., Ran, H., Li, X., Feng, C. & Liu, Y. (2022 a) A new species of the iron maiden ant based on an alate female from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: † Zigrasimecia). Cretaceous Research, 130 (105056), 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2021.105056" type="journal article" year="2022">Zhuang, Ran, Li, Feng & Liu, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF84A43BED4FC0AFD67" box="[895,1004,656,682]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Burmese amber, early Cenomanian). †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BEF0FCA6FD00" authority="Cao, Boudinot & Gao, 2020" authorityName="Cao, Boudinot & Gao" authorityYear="2020" box="[213,832,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoelldobleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BEF0FE1FFD00" box="[213,505,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia hoelldobleri</emphasis>
|
||
Cao,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B13625CFFF84B07BEF7FCA6FD00" author="Boudinot, B. E. & Perrichot, V. & Chaul, J. C. M." box="[571,832,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="21 - 55" refId="ref23472" refString="Boudinot, B. E., Perrichot, V. & Chaul, J. C. M. (2020) † Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). ZooKeys, 1005, 21 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1005.57629" type="journal article" year="2020">Boudinot & Gao, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF84A76BEF0FC51FD03" box="[842,951,692,718]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Burmese amber, early Cenomanian). †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BE9CFE06FD3C" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,480,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perrichoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BE9CFE06FD3C" box="[213,480,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia perrichoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF848DBBE93FDCBFD3C" box="[487,557,727,753]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Chaul</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF84B04BE93FD77FD3C" bold="true" box="[568,657,727,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9E0578B625CFFF84B04BE93FD77FD3C" box="[568,657,727,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF84BA4BE9CFCE3FD3F" box="[664,773,728,754]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849FBBEBFFB9EFCD8" blockId="6.[151,1431,475,826]" box="[199,1144,763,790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BEB8FE4EFCD8" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,424,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thate">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BEB8FE4EFCD8" box="[213,424,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia thate</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF84893BEBFFE13FCD8" box="[431,501,763,789]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Chaul</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF84B3CBEBFFDBFFCD8" bold="true" box="[512,601,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9E0578B625CFFF84B3CBEBFFDBFFCD8" box="[512,601,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF84B5CBEB8FD2BFCDB" box="[608,717,764,790]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849FBBF5BFAF4FCF4" blockId="6.[151,1431,475,826]" box="[199,1298,799,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF849E9BF64FD16FCF4" authority="Barden & Grimaldi, 2013" authorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2013" box="[213,752,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonsora">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849E9BF64FE20FCF4" box="[213,454,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia tonsora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B13625CFFF848F1BF5BFD16FCF4" author="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A." box="[461,752,799,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="405 - 412" refId="ref23029" refString="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2013) A new genus of highly specialized ants in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 3681 (4), 405 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3681.4.5" type="journal article" year="2013">Barden & Grimaldi, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98B07672625CFFF84BC6BF64FC81FCF7" box="[762,871,800,826]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Burmese amber, early Cenomanian).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8BD6569625CFFF449ABBFCFFAF2FB24" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849ABBFCFFD51FC68" blockId="6.[151,950,907,970]" box="[151,695,907,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<heading id="BB50818E625CFFF849ABBFCFFD51FC68" bold="true" box="[151,695,907,933]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF849ABBFCFFD51FC68" bold="true" box="[151,695,907,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF8499ABFCFFEA2FC68" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[166,324,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF8499ABFCFFEA2FC68" bold="true" box="[166,324,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emended diagnosis (females).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF849ABBFF4FC50FC04" blockId="6.[151,950,907,970]" box="[151,950,943,970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Note: all traits are observed in workers and queens, except when noted.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625CFFF949ABBFB3FF06FF18" blockId="6.[151,1437,1015,2014]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
Masticatory margin of mandible formed by a developed apical tooth and a low, long, rectangular lamella which spans most the masticatory margin posterad the apical tooth; the lamella often ends apically in a marked angle or even an indented point; the apical margin of the lamella and the basal margin of the apical tooth form a small V-shaped groove (Note 1;
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A67625CFFF848F5B827FDF6FBB0" box="[457,528,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,814,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-1048@5.[151,1435,814,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Masticatory margin of mandible in Gerontoformica and Zigrasimecia. A, Gerontoformica sp. (ANTWEB1032629); B, Z. ferox (ANTWEB1008126); C, Z. chuyangsui (ANTWEB1032660); D, Z. tonsora (ANTWEB11008098). Black triangles indicate incision between apical and basal teeth (or basal lamella). Image of Z. tonsora by Philip Barden and image of Z. ferox by Vincent Perrichot, courtesy of Antweb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243393/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inner surface of mandible densely covered with thin, spiny chaetae (Note 2). Body of mandible strongly torqued approximately in between its first and second thirds and mandibular insertion shifted ventrolaterally (Note 3;
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A67625CFFF848C7B8EFFDDBFB08" box="[507,573,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1754,1778]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,309,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-58@7.[151,1436,309,1731]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison between Gerontoformica and Zigrasimecia cephalic and mandibular morphology (see genus diagnosis above for detailedexplanation).AandC, schematic drawing of full-faceview of Gerontoformica andZigrasimecia, respectively.B and D, lateral view of anteriorhead of Gerontoformica (ANTWEB1032649)and Zigrasimecia(ANTWEB1032623),respectively. Abbreviations: cl, clypeus; cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; fcr, frontal carina; plstf, pleurostomal fossa; tl, torulus. In D, white line indicates plane (as seen laterally) of labrum; gray line is the plane (as seen laterally) of the apical half surface of the mandible; and black line shows the strong mandible curvature." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243395/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A67625CFFF84B48B8EFFD63FB08" box="[628,645,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,777,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-316@8.[158,1430,777,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral view of the head of Gerontoformica (A) and Zigrasimecia (B). Abbreviations: cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; lb, labrum; oc, occipital carina; pgs, postgenal suture; plstf, pleurostomal fossa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243397/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical portion of body of mandible spatulate (Note 3;
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A67625CFFF84C3CB8EFFAA2FB0B" box="[1280,1348,1195,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1477,1501]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1453]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[158,1430,181,1453]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Holotype of Zigrasimecia caohuijiae (ANTWEB1041055). A, full-face view of the head (view of anterior portion blocked by an insect antenna and bubbles); B, profile view of right side of body; C, ventrolateral view of anterior portion of head; D and F, anterior view of head, with a full view of dorsal surface of mandibles, F is under epifluorescence; E, dorsal view of the body; G and H, Detail of mesosoma under different types of epifluorescence. Scale bars are 0.2 mm inA, B and E and 0.1 mm in C and D. Black triangles point to the labral medial lobes (laterally to the median lobes in D a pair of protuberances which are likely the hypostomal teeth).Abbreviations: cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; Lmspl, lower mesopleuron; Lmtpl, lower metapleuron; sp, spiracle; Umspl, upper mesopleuron; vsm, ventral surface of mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243403/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
, F;
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A67625CFFF84C4CB8EFFF53FB24" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-167@17.[151,1436,489,1747]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Holotype of Zigrasimecia chuyangsui (ANTWEB1032660). A, zooming of anterodorsal view of head, showing mouthparts, black triangles from top to bottom point to clypeal, labral, and mandible chaetae; B, 6-segmented right maxillary palp; C, left protarsus, black triangle points to tip (bifid) of protibial calcar; D and E, dorsal and lateral zooming of petiole obscured by bubbles, black triangles in D indicate posterior margin of petiole node and in E indicates tip of subpetiolar process. Abbreviations: b1 and b2, bubbles; nd, petiole node; pmx1–pmx6, maxillary palpomeres 1–6; ppd, propodeum; t3, tergum of abdominal segment 3 (first gaster tergite)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243407/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
, A). Labrum large, having stout, spiny chaetae basally and medially, distal margin medially with a pair of low lobes (Note 4 and 5;
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A67625CFFF848B8B8B7FE2EFAC3" box="[388,456,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1477,1501]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1453]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[158,1430,181,1453]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Holotype of Zigrasimecia caohuijiae (ANTWEB1041055). A, full-face view of the head (view of anterior portion blocked by an insect antenna and bubbles); B, profile view of right side of body; C, ventrolateral view of anterior portion of head; D and F, anterior view of head, with a full view of dorsal surface of mandibles, F is under epifluorescence; E, dorsal view of the body; G and H, Detail of mesosoma under different types of epifluorescence. Scale bars are 0.2 mm inA, B and E and 0.1 mm in C and D. Black triangles point to the labral medial lobes (laterally to the median lobes in D a pair of protuberances which are likely the hypostomal teeth).Abbreviations: cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; Lmspl, lower mesopleuron; Lmtpl, lower metapleuron; sp, spiracle; Umspl, upper mesopleuron; vsm, ventral surface of mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243403/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
, D and F;
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A67625CFFF84B7CB8B7FD74FAC0" box="[576,658,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-167@17.[151,1436,489,1747]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Holotype of Zigrasimecia chuyangsui (ANTWEB1032660). A, zooming of anterodorsal view of head, showing mouthparts, black triangles from top to bottom point to clypeal, labral, and mandible chaetae; B, 6-segmented right maxillary palp; C, left protarsus, black triangle points to tip (bifid) of protibial calcar; D and E, dorsal and lateral zooming of petiole obscured by bubbles, black triangles in D indicate posterior margin of petiole node and in E indicates tip of subpetiolar process. Abbreviations: b1 and b2, bubbles; nd, petiole node; pmx1–pmx6, maxillary palpomeres 1–6; ppd, propodeum; t3, tergum of abdominal segment 3 (first gaster tergite)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243407/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
, A). Palp formula variable, either 5, 3 or 6, 4 (Note 6). Cross-section of cephalic capsule bean-shaped or omega-shaped (Note 7). Pleurostomal fossa lateroventrally migrated (Note 3,
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A67625CFFF8498AB97FFF1DFA98" box="[182,251,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,777,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-316@8.[158,1430,777,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral view of the head of Gerontoformica (A) and Zigrasimecia (B). Abbreviations: cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; lb, labrum; oc, occipital carina; pgs, postgenal suture; plstf, pleurostomal fossa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243397/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, B). Clypeus transverse, mildly arched. Clypeal lobes strongly developed and anteriorly projected over mandibular insertions (Note 8). Clypeal chaetae blunt, relatively long, and densely arranged across anterior clypeal margin (Note 9). In full-face view, anterior clypeal margin strongly concave. Frons strongly protruded dorsally (Note 10). Frontal carina originating somewhere at the posterior (upper) or medial (inner) torular edge and reaching the perimeter of the compound eyes anteromedially; sometimes poorly marked (Note 11). Ocelli absent in workers. Antenna of worker and alate gyne 12-merous. Scape at least twice the length of pedicel. Mesosoma compact, most sclerites fused; dorsal sutures and lines absent; dorsal margin of mesosoma in profile without abrupt breaks, varying from mildly to strongly convex; mesosomal spiracles (metanotal and propodeal) without hood-shaped protrusions over their openings; metanotal spiracle facing laterally; propodeal spiracle slit-shaped and large; mesonotal and metanotal spiracles very approximated (workers only, Note 12,
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A67625CFFF84A66BA3BFC7AF957" box="[858,924,1663,1690]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,638,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-235@9.[158,1430,632,1774]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Types of mesosoma in fossil and extant ants. A, Gerontoformica; B, Protozigrasimecia; C, Zigrasimecia; D, Brownimecia; E, Brachyponera and F, Discothyrea.Among extant ants, Discothyrea presents a degree of mesosomal compaction similar to that of Zigrasimecia. Abbreviations: Lmspl, lower mesopleuron; Lmtpl, lower metapleuron; mgo, metapleural gland opening; Msn, mesonotum; Mspl, mesopleuron; Mssct, mesoscutum; Mssctl, mesoscutellum; Mtn, metanotum; Ppd, propodeum; Prn, pronotum; Prpl, propleuron, sp, spiracle; Umspl, upper mesopleuron; Umtpl, upper metapleuron." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243399/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, but see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625CFFF84AC0BAC4FB76F954" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[1020,1168,1664,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625CFFF84AC0BAC4FB76F954" box="[1020,1168,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ufv-10,
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A67625CFFF84DD2BA3BFAD9F954" box="[1262,1343,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1035,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-62@29.[151,1435,1035,1583]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 19. Morphospecies Zigrasimecia ufv-10 (specimen ANTWEB1047051). A, anterolateral view of right side of body; B. Zoom of head and mesosoma of same view of A, black triangle indicates putative promesonotal suture. Scale bar is 0.5 mm in A and 0.2 mm in B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243427/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Calcar with or without a bifid tip (Note 13). Tibial spur formula 2s, 2 (1p, 1s) (Note 14). Tibiae either anteroposteriorly flattened or being approximately cylindrical. Pretarsal claws inner margins toothed. Petiole sessile or subsessile, in most species roughly pyramidal; anterior surface oblique, the longest; dorsal surface sometimes brief (only a curved or sharpened transition to the posterior surface), sometimes properly forming a flattened or round surface; posterior surface descending, shorter than the anterior; subpetiolar process conspicuous, anteriorly inclined (Note 15). Helcium (= articulatory sclerites of abdominal segment III) axial, situated at segment III midheight. Poststernite III having a keel-shaped or acute V-shaped anterior process (the "prora"). Abdominal segment IV lacking or having a soft constriction between its pre- and postsclerites, the cinctus (Note 16). Gyne: most head and metasomal characters similar to workers. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum demarcated by sulcus; mesosoma musculated for flight; forewing with seven closed cells: the costal, two submarginal, one marginal, the basal, subbasal, and first discal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625DFFF949FBBC9BFE5DFED0" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF949FBBC9BFEFBFF35" bold="true" box="[199,285,222,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||
This character varies slightly among the species in terms of how tall the lamella is and how sharply defined its apical angle is.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B4D8666A625DFFF949ABBA9EFC42F868" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8243395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243395/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" startId="7.[151,250,1754,1778]" targetBox="[159,1436,309,1731]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E2625DFFF949ABBA9EFC42F868" blockId="7.[151,1437,1754,1958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF949ABBA9EFEF4F93F" bold="true" box="[151,274,1754,1778]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625DFFF948CFBA9EFD73F93F" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[499,661,1754,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF948CFBA9EFD73F93F" box="[499,661,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625DFFF94BF9BA9FFCADF93F" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[709,843,1755,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF94BF9BA9FFCADF93F" box="[709,843,1755,1778]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cephalic and mandibular morphology (see genus diagnosis above for detailed explanation).A and C, schematic drawing of full-face view of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625DFFF94A97BABAFBABF8DB" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[939,1101,1790,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF94A97BABAFBABF8DB" box="[939,1101,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625DFFF94D45BABBFB19F8DB" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[1145,1279,1791,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF94D45BABBFB19F8DB" box="[1145,1279,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively.B and D, lateral view of anterior head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625DFFF94B30BB66FD48F8F7" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[524,686,1826,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF94B30BB66FD48F8F7" box="[524,686,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ANTWEB1032649) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D61625DFFF94A88BB67FBDCF8F7" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[948,1082,1827,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF94A88BB67FBDCF8F7" box="[948,1082,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ANTWEB1032623), respectively. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF94808BB02FEAAF893" bold="true" box="[308,332,1862,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">cl,</emphasis>
|
||
clypeus;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF94891BB02FE32F893" bold="true" box="[429,468,1862,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">cllb</emphasis>
|
||
, clypeal lobe;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF94B56BB02FD71F893" bold="true" box="[618,663,1862,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">dsm</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal surface of mandible;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF94A82BB02FC3BF893" bold="true" box="[958,989,1862,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">fcr</emphasis>
|
||
, frontal carina;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF94D42BB02FB48F893" bold="true" box="[1150,1198,1862,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">plstf</emphasis>
|
||
, pleurostomal fossa;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF0625DFFF94CBABB02FA73F893" bold="true" box="[1414,1429,1862,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">tl</emphasis>
|
||
, torulus. In D, white line indicates plane (as seen laterally) of labrum; gray line is the plane (as seen laterally) of the apical half surface of the mandible; and black line shows the strong mandible curvature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26252FFF649FBBCD3FBD6FED0" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF649FBBCD3FEFCFF7D" bold="true" box="[199,282,150,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Somewhat similar mandibular chaetae on the oral surface are found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64D1DBCD3FF29FF18" authority="Barden & Grimaldi, 2016" authorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camelomecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64D1DBCD3FB5DFF7C" box="[1057,1211,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Camelomecia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF64D83BCD3FF29FF18" author="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A." pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="515 - 521" refId="ref23137" refString="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2016) Adaptive radiation in socially advanced stem-group ants from the Cretaceous. Current Biology, 26, 515 - 521. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2015.12.060" type="journal article" year="2016">Barden & Grimaldi, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(apparently thinner than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64B64BCFFFD0AFF19" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[600,748,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64B64BCFFFD0AFF19" box="[600,748,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64A0ABCFFFB22FF18" authority="Grimaldi et al., 1997" authorityName="Grimaldi" authorityYear="1997" box="[822,1220,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brownimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64A0ABCFFFC2CFF19" box="[822,970,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Brownimecia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF64AE8BCFFFB22FF18" author="Grimaldi, D. & Agosti, D. & Carpenter, J. M." box="[980,1220,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref24186" refString="Grimaldi, D., Agosti, D. & Carpenter, J. M. (1997) New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates, 3208, 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Grimaldi
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64D7EBCFFFB93FF18" box="[1090,1141,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(relatively smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF649D7BC9BFE99FF35" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[235,383,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF649D7BC9BFE99FF35" box="[235,383,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); among extant ants, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64BB0BC9BFC1CFF34" authority="Brown & Kempf, 1968" authorityName="Brown & Kempf" authorityYear="1968" box="[652,1018,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tatuidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64BB0BC9BFD16FF34" box="[652,752,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Tatuidris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF64BCBBC9BFC1CFF34" author="Brown, W. L. Jr. & Kempf, W. W." box="[759,1018,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="183 - 190" refId="ref23728" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. & Kempf, W. W. (1968 [apparent year 1967]) Tatuidris, a remarkable new genus of Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Psyche, Cambridge, 74, 183 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1967 / 868759" type="journal article" year="1968">Brown & Kempf, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64D8FBC9BFAA1FF35" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[1203,1351,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64D8FBC9BFAA1FF35" box="[1203,1351,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and in some leptanillines, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF648F5BD47FCA9FED0" authority="Terayama, 2013" authorityName="Terayama" authorityYear="2013" box="[457,847,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="izanagi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF648F5BD47FD72FED1" box="[457,660,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Protanilla izanagi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF64BA7BD47FCA9FED0" author="Terayama, M." box="[667,847,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25900" refString="Terayama, M. (2013) Additions to knowledge of the ant fauna of Japan (Hymenoptera; Formicidae). Memoirs of the Myrmecological Society of Japan, 3, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2013">Terayama, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(strikingly similar).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26252FFF649FBBD63FD44FD3C" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF649FBBD63FEF9FE8D" bold="true" box="[199,287,294,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Note 3.</emphasis>
|
||
The ventral mandibular articulation, and the corresponding pleurostomal fossa, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64DD7BD63FA99FE8D" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[1259,1407,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64DD7BD63FA99FE8D" box="[1259,1407,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is strongly ventrally shifted when compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64BB1BD0FFCA6FEA8" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[653,832,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64BB1BD0FFCA6FEA8" box="[653,832,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, in fact, most other ants (
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A676252FFF64DB1BD0FFB34FEA8" box="[1165,1234,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,777,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-316@8.[158,1430,777,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral view of the head of Gerontoformica (A) and Zigrasimecia (B). Abbreviations: cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; lb, labrum; oc, occipital carina; pgs, postgenal suture; plstf, pleurostomal fossa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243397/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, see also
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A676252FFF64C01BD0FFA98FEA8" box="[1341,1406,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1754,1778]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,309,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-58@7.[151,1436,309,1731]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison between Gerontoformica and Zigrasimecia cephalic and mandibular morphology (see genus diagnosis above for detailedexplanation).AandC, schematic drawing of full-faceview of Gerontoformica andZigrasimecia, respectively.B and D, lateral view of anteriorhead of Gerontoformica (ANTWEB1032649)and Zigrasimecia(ANTWEB1032623),respectively. Abbreviations: cl, clypeus; cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; fcr, frontal carina; plstf, pleurostomal fossa; tl, torulus. In D, white line indicates plane (as seen laterally) of labrum; gray line is the plane (as seen laterally) of the apical half surface of the mandible; and black line shows the strong mandible curvature." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243395/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF649ABBD2BFE93FE44" author="Richter, A. & Boudinot, B. & Yamamoto, S. & Katzke, J. & Beutel, R. G." box="[151,373,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref25675" refString="Richter, A., Boudinot, B., Yamamoto, S., Katzke, J. & Beutel, R. G. (2022) The first reconstruction of the head anatomy of a Cretaceous insect, † Gerontoformica gracilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and the early evolution of ants. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 6 (5), 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixac 013" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Richter
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF649CDBD2BFEC5FE44" box="[241,291,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because of that shift, the expected plane of movement for the closing mandibles if they were not torqued would be from an anterolateral to posteromedial, similar to what is understood for the Haidomyrmecinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF649A3BDF3FE24FE1C" author="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A." box="[159,450,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref22976" refString="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2012) Rediscovery of the bizarre Cretaceous ant Haidomyrmex Dlussky (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with two new species. American Museum Novitates, 3755, 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 3755.2" type="journal article" year="2012">Barden & Grimaldi, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF648F1BDF3FD43FE1C" author="Barden, P. & Herhold H. W. & Grimaldi, D. A." box="[461,677,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="837 - 846" refId="ref23185" refString="Barden, P., Herhold H. W. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2017) A new genus of hell ants from the Cretaceous (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) with a novel head structure. Systematic Entomology, 42, 837 - 846. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12253" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Barden
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64B18BDF3FDB2FE1C" box="[548,596,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), instead of a regular lateral to medial plane. The torsion of the body of the mandible, however, prevents its flat apical portion to rise posterad during the shutting movement and makes the apical torqued portion to stay parallel and beneath the labrum when both are in full adduction. This generates an increase in the contact zone between the mandible inner surface and the dorsum of labrum, both surfaces covered on spiny chaetae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A676252FFF64862BE03FE47FDAC" box="[350,417,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1754,1778]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,309,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-58@7.[151,1436,309,1731]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison between Gerontoformica and Zigrasimecia cephalic and mandibular morphology (see genus diagnosis above for detailedexplanation).AandC, schematic drawing of full-faceview of Gerontoformica andZigrasimecia, respectively.B and D, lateral view of anteriorhead of Gerontoformica (ANTWEB1032649)and Zigrasimecia(ANTWEB1032623),respectively. Abbreviations: cl, clypeus; cllb, clypeal lobe; dsm, dorsal surface of mandible; fcr, frontal carina; plstf, pleurostomal fossa; tl, torulus. In D, white line indicates plane (as seen laterally) of labrum; gray line is the plane (as seen laterally) of the apical half surface of the mandible; and black line shows the strong mandible curvature." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243395/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, D). The flat, expanded, apical portion of the mandible further increases this contact surface between mandibles and labrum. This mechanism presumably allowed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64A80BE2FFBB6FD49" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[956,1104,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64A80BE2FFBB6FD49" box="[956,1104,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to have a strong grip, which could be an adaptation for hunting arthropods, maybe prey much larger than the ants itself, as do the amblyoponines, which prey on centipedes much larger than the individual ants; or, alternatively, for hunting prey which has powerful escaping devices (e.g. the furca of springtails).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B4D8666A6252FFF649ABB978FB3BFAB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243397" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8243397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243397/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" startId="8.[151,250,1340,1364]" targetBox="[158,1430,777,1324]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26252FFF649ABB978FB3BFAB5" blockId="8.[151,1436,1340,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF649ABB978FEF3FA99" bold="true" box="[151,277,1340,1364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64B79B978FD01FA99" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[581,743,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64B79B978FD01FA99" box="[581,743,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64A75B979FC29FA99" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[841,975,1341,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64A75B979FC29FA99" box="[841,975,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B). Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64D99B978FB2AFA99" bold="true" box="[1189,1228,1340,1364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">cllb</emphasis>
|
||
, clypeal lobe;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64C55B978FA70FA99" bold="true" box="[1385,1430,1340,1364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">dsm</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal surface of mandible;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF6488EB924FE21FAB5" bold="true" box="[434,455,1376,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">lb</emphasis>
|
||
, labrum;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64B15B924FDA7FAB5" bold="true" box="[553,577,1376,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">oc</emphasis>
|
||
, occipital carina;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64BCAB924FCFDFAB5" bold="true" box="[758,795,1376,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">pgs</emphasis>
|
||
, postgenal suture;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64AE6B924FBECFAB5" bold="true" box="[986,1034,1376,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">plstf</emphasis>
|
||
, pleurostomal fossa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26252FFF649FBB9E2FC84F9B9" blockId="8.[151,1437,1446,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF649FBB9E2FEC7FA0D" bold="true" box="[199,289,1446,1472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Note 4.</emphasis>
|
||
A hypertrophied labrum is unusual in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64BC8B9E2FC91FA0D" box="[756,887,1446,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In Sphecomyrminae it occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64C33B9E3FDBDFA29" authority="(Barden & Grimaldi, 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myanmyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maraudera">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64C33B9E3FEF5FA29" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Myanmyrma maraudera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF64819B98EFDB5FA29" author="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A." box="[293,595,1482,1508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="515 - 521" refId="ref23137" refString="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2016) Adaptive radiation in socially advanced stem-group ants from the Cretaceous. Current Biology, 26, 515 - 521. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2015.12.060" type="journal article" year="2016">Barden & Grimaldi, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In extant ants, robust and considerably developed labra are observed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF649FDB9AAFED3F9C5" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[193,309,1518,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dorylinae">Dorylinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Highly modified, but not necessarily hypertrophied, labra are seen in the closely related ants of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF649E3BA57FE8FF9E0" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1860" box="[223,361,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF649E3BA57FE8FF9E0" box="[223,361,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Strumigenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the phalacromyrmecine genera, and the basicerotine genera, with a few species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64DCCBA56FE4EF99D" authority="Kempf, 1962" authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64DCCBA56FEE9F99D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Eurhopalothrix spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF64829BA72FE4EF99D" author="Kempf, W. W." box="[277,424,1590,1616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref24984" refString="Kempf, W. W. (1962) Miscellaneous studies on neotropical ants. II. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, 5, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1962">Kempf, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF648E1BA72FD97F99D" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1870" box="[477,625,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Rhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF648E1BA72FD97F99D" box="[477,625,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Rhopalothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
jtl015 (USNMENT00688794) having very large labra, the latter, indeed, resembling considerably that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64B3CBA1FFD72F9B9" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[512,660,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64B3CBA1FFD72F9B9" box="[512,660,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in terms of shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26252FFF649FBBA3AFB1BF8BD" blockId="8.[151,1437,1446,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF649FBBA3AFEFCF955" bold="true" box="[199,282,1662,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Note 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Although labral chaetae occur among other Cretaceous ants (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64ACABA3BFA7EF954" authority="Engel & Grimaldi, 2005" authorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2005" box="[1014,1432,1662,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myanmyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64ACABA3BFB62F955" box="[1014,1156,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Myanmyrma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF64DB5BA3AFA7EF954" author="Engel, M. S. & Grimaldi, D. A." box="[1161,1432,1662,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref23938" refString="Engel, M. S. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2005) Primitive new ants in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, New Jersey, and Canada (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). American Museum Novitates, 3485, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2005) 485 [0001: PNAICA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Engel & Grimaldi, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF649E4BAE6FD9DF971" authority="Nel & Perrault, 2004" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[216,635,1698,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF649E4BAE6FE6DF971" box="[216,395,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF648ADBAE6FD9DF971" author="Nel, A. & Perrault, G. & Perrichot, V. & Neraudeau, D." box="[401,635,1698,1724]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="23 - 29" refId="ref25350" refString="Nel, A., Perrault, G., Perrichot, V. & Neraudeau, D. (2004) The oldest ant in the Lower Cretaceous amber of Charente-Maritime (SW France) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Geologica Acta, 2, 23 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1344 / 105.000001630" type="journal article" year="2004">Nel & Perrault, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64BB9BAE6FC1DF971" authority="Perrichot et al., 2020" authorityName="Perrichot" authorityYear="2020" box="[645,1019,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dhagnathos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64BB9BAE6FCE8F971" box="[645,782,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Dhagnathos</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF64A2FBAE6FC1DF971" author="Perrichot, V. & Wang, B. & Barden, P." box="[787,1019,1698,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref25537" refString="Perrichot, V., Wang, B. & Barden, P. (2020) New remarkable hell ants (Formicidae: Haidomyrmecinae stat. nov.) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 109 (104381), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2020.104381" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Perrichot
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64A43BAE7FC50F971" box="[895,950,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64D13BAE6FA76F971" authority="Perrichot et al., 2020" authorityName="Perrichot" authorityYear="2020" box="[1071,1424,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chonidris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64D13BAE6FB79F971" box="[1071,1183,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Chonidris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF64D98BAE6FA76F971" author="Perrichot, V. & Wang, B. & Barden, P." box="[1188,1424,1698,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref25537" refString="Perrichot, V., Wang, B. & Barden, P. (2020) New remarkable hell ants (Formicidae: Haidomyrmecinae stat. nov.) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 109 (104381), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2020.104381" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Perrichot
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64C2DBAE7FAAEF971" box="[1297,1352,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the exact conformation seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF648CEBA83FD60F92D" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[498,646,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF648CEBA83FD60F92D" box="[498,646,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the chaetae forming a dense patch formed by various rows on the basal-medial portion of the labrum disc (not restricted to one or two transversal basal row) and being stout and pointy is unique to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64874BB4AFE1AF8E5" authorityName="Borysenko" authorityYear="2017" box="[328,508,1806,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zigrasimeciinae">Zigrasimeciinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In extant genera, labral chaetae are usually disposed as a basal, transverse row and are seen in the following genera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64B31BB76FCF0F881" authority="Taylor, 1990" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1990" box="[525,790,1842,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64B31BB76FD99F881" box="[525,639,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Protanilla</emphasis>
|
||
Taylor, 1990
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64A1EBB76FB8AF881" authority="Taylor, 1990" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1990" box="[802,1132,1842,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anomalomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64A1EBB76FC33F881" box="[802,981,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Anomalomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
Taylor, 1990
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64D4BBB77FF34F8BD" authority="Yamane et al., 2008" authorityName="Yamane" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64D4BBB77FB13F880" box="[1143,1269,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Opamyrma</emphasis>
|
||
Yamane
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64C61BB77FA70F881" box="[1373,1430,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF649E1BB13FDD4F8BD" authority="Brown et al., 1971" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1971" box="[221,562,1878,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF649E1BB13FEBEF8BC" box="[221,344,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF6488EBB13FE0DF8BD" box="[434,491,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1971
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64B02BB12FC9CF8BD" authority="Erichson, 1842" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1842" box="[574,890,1878,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amblyopone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64B02BB12FD2CF8BD" box="[574,714,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Amblyopone</emphasis>
|
||
Erichson, 1842
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64A8DBB12FB10F8BC" authority="Emery, 1895" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" box="[945,1270,1878,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Onychomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64A8DBB12FB87F8BD" box="[945,1121,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Onychomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
Emery, 1895
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26252FFF649FBBB32FC09F839" blockId="8.[151,1437,1446,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF649FBBB32FEFAF85D" bold="true" box="[199,284,1910,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Note 6.</emphasis>
|
||
The palpal formula of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64B18BB33FD9AF85D" authorityName="Perrichot" authorityYear="2014" box="[548,636,1910,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64B18BB33FD9AF85D" box="[548,636,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Z. ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 5, 3 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF64BE4BB32FC6CF85D" author="Perrichot, V." box="[728,906,1910,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="165 - 169" refId="ref25413" refString="Perrichot, V. (2014) A new species of the Cretaceous ant Zigrasimecia based on the worker caste reveals placement of the genus in the Sphecomyrminae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News, 19, 165 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.25849 / myrmecol. news _ 019: 165" type="journal article" year="2014">Perrichot, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only species which could have its palpal formula established in this paper,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64B28BBD3FD54F87D" authority="Abstract, 2023" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[532,690,1942,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chuyangsui" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64B28BBD3FD54F87D" box="[532,690,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Z. chuyangsui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64B85BBD2FCF5F87D" bold="true" box="[697,787,1942,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9E0578B6252FFF64B85BBD2FCF5F87D" box="[697,787,1942,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, showed an undoubtful 6, 4 count (
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A676252FFF64D9EBBD2FB13F87D" box="[1186,1269,1942,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-167@17.[151,1436,489,1747]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Holotype of Zigrasimecia chuyangsui (ANTWEB1032660). A, zooming of anterodorsal view of head, showing mouthparts, black triangles from top to bottom point to clypeal, labral, and mandible chaetae; B, 6-segmented right maxillary palp; C, left protarsus, black triangle points to tip (bifid) of protibial calcar; D and E, dorsal and lateral zooming of petiole obscured by bubbles, black triangles in D indicate posterior margin of petiole node and in E indicates tip of subpetiolar process. Abbreviations: b1 and b2, bubbles; nd, petiole node; pmx1–pmx6, maxillary palpomeres 1–6; ppd, propodeum; t3, tergum of abdominal segment 3 (first gaster tergite)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243407/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
, B), indicating variation in the palpal formula within the genus. The queen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616252FFF64A6BBBF3FC0DF81D" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[855,1003,1975,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64A6BBBF3FC0DF81D" box="[855,1003,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
YKLP-AMB-002 also has the palpal formula 6, 4 (although presented as 4,
|
||
<quantity id="275F9B076252FFF64B7BBB9EFD94F839" box="[583,626,2010,2036]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136252FFF64B45BB9EFC82F839" author="Zhuang, Y. & Xu, W. & Zhang, G. & Mai, H. & Li, X. & He, H. & Ran, H. & Liu, Y." box="[633,868,2010,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref26486" refString="Zhuang, Y., Xu, W., Zhang, G., Mai, H., Li, X., He, H., Ran, H. & Liu, Y. (2022 b) Unparalleled details of soft tissues in a Cretaceous ant. BMC Ecology and Evolution, 22 (146), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 022 - 02099 - 2" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Zhuang
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06252FFF64BE9BB9FFCE0F839" box="[725,774,2010,2036]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2022b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26253FFF749FBBCD2FB5CFF18" blockId="9.[151,1436,150,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF749FBBCD2FEC7FF7D" bold="true" box="[199,289,150,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Note 7.</emphasis>
|
||
This feature is widespread in the genus, although more conspicuous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74DBBBCD3FACCFF7D" authority="Abstract, 2023" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[1159,1322,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chuyangsui" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74DBBBCD3FACCFF7D" box="[1159,1322,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Z. chuyangsui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74C0ABCD2FA73FF7D" bold="true" box="[1334,1429,150,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9E0578B6253FFF74C0ABCD2FA73FF7D" box="[1334,1429,150,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF749ABBCFFFECDFF19" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,299,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF749ABBCFFFECDFF19" box="[151,299,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ufv-08, when compared to species like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74BD5BCFFFCD9FF19" authority="Abstract, 2023" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[745,831,186,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thate" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74BD5BCFFFCD9FF19" box="[745,831,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Z. thate</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74A7ABCFEFC79FF19" bold="true" box="[838,927,186,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9E0578B6253FFF74A7ABCFEFC79FF19" box="[838,927,186,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74AF9BCFFFBB4FF19" authority="Abstract, 2023" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[965,1106,186,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perrichoti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74AF9BCFFFBB4FF19" box="[965,1106,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Z. perrichoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74D65BCFEFB55FF19" bold="true" box="[1113,1203,186,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9E0578B6253FFF74D65BCFEFB55FF19" box="[1113,1203,186,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26253FFF749FBBC9AFA8CFED0" blockId="9.[151,1436,150,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF749FBBC9AFEF8FF35" bold="true" box="[199,286,222,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Note 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Smaller clypeal lobes, which are only slightly projected over mandible insertions, are seen in some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74831BD46FE26FED1" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[269,448,258,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74831BD46FE26FED1" box="[269,448,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF748EDBD47FD52FED1" box="[465,692,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74B3DBD46FD52FED1" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[513,692,258,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gerontoformica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ufv-01, ANTWEB1032418),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74D3FBD47FB77FED1" authorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2005" box="[1027,1169,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myanmyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74D3FBD47FB77FED1" box="[1027,1169,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Myanmyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74DF2BD46FA85FED1" authorityName="Borysenko" authorityYear="2017" box="[1230,1379,258,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boltonimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74DF2BD46FA85FED1" box="[1230,1379,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Boltonimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26253FFF749FBBD62FD0EFE1D" blockId="9.[151,1436,150,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF749FBBD62FEFFFE8D" bold="true" box="[199,281,294,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Note 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Among fossils, clypeal chaetae are seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74BD5BD62FC7AFE8D" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[745,924,294,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74BD5BD62FC7AFE8D" box="[745,924,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74AF1BD63FBBDFE8D" authorityName="Engel & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2005" box="[973,1115,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myanmyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74AF1BD63FBBDFE8D" box="[973,1115,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Myanmyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74D59BD62FAEEFE8D" authorityName="Perrichot, Wang & Barden" authorityYear="2020" box="[1125,1288,294,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aquilomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74D59BD62FAEEFE8D" box="[1125,1288,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Aquilomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74C2FBD62FA7AFE8D" box="[1299,1436,294,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dhagnathos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74C2FBD62FA7AFE8D" box="[1299,1436,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Dhagnathos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF749F6BD0EFEDCFEA9" box="[202,314,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chonidris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF749F6BD0EFEDCFEA9" box="[202,314,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Chonidris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among extant ants such setae are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74A69BD0FFC35FEA8" box="[853,979,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74A69BD0FFC35FEA8" box="[853,979,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Opamyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74AD8BD0FFBB9FEA8" box="[996,1119,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74AD8BD0FFBB9FEA8" box="[996,1119,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in most amblyoponine genera. However, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF748BBBD2BFDFDFE45" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[391,539,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF748BBBD2BFDFDFE45" box="[391,539,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F1C88406253FFF74B1CBD2BFDB6FE44" box="[544,592,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of relatively elongate with subparallel sides and round/truncate apex chaetae is very rare or unseen in other stem ants or extant lineages, with a similar shape only seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74DAABDD7FAF7FE60" box="[1174,1297,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74DAABDD7FAF7FE60" box="[1174,1297,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Apomyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74C22BDD7FA7AFE60" box="[1310,1436,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opamyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74C22BDD7FA7AFE60" box="[1310,1436,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Opamyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF749FBBDF3FD07FE1D" authority="(Gotwald & Levieux, 1972)" baseAuthorityName="Gotwald & Levieux" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[199,737,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF749FBBDF3FE44FE1D" box="[199,418,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Stigmatomma pluto</emphasis>
|
||
(Gotwald & Lévieux, 1972)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26253FFF749FBBD9EFBD3FDAD" blockId="9.[151,1436,150,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF749FBBD9EFECDFE39" bold="true" box="[199,299,474,500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Note 10.</emphasis>
|
||
This feature is best seen in profile view, where anterior half of the head dorsum outline is strongly oblique from the anterior clypeal margin to the frons level (
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A676253FFF74A1ABDBAFC93FDD5" box="[806,885,510,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-80@11.[151,1436,309,1795]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype of Zigrasimecia boudinoti (ANTWEB1032623). A, full-face view of the head; B, profile view of left side of body; C, right portion of anterior head, evincing clypeal lobe, and clypeal, mandibular and labral chaetae; D, profile of the right side of mesosoma with metanotal and propodeal spiracles indicated (mtsp and propsp) and propodeal spiracle magnified on the bottom right corner (under epifluorescence light); E, profile of right side of the head; F, dorsal view of the body. Scale bars are 0.2 mm in A, B, and F and 0.1 mm in C and E. Abbreviations: Umspl, upper mesopleuron; Lmspl, lower mesopleuron; Lmtpl, lower metapleuron; MesL, mesosoma length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243401/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
, E;
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A676253FFF74AA2BDBAFC09FDD5" box="[926,1007,510,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1665,1689]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-24@24.[151,1436,181,1642]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. Holotype of Zigrasimecia thate (ANTWEB1038912). A, full-face view of the head, black triangles indicate mandible dorsal setae; B, profile view of left side of body; C, anterior view of the head; D, dorsal view of the body; E, zoom of flagelliform setae on frons and vertex (same view as C); F, detail of mesosomal profile. Abbreviations: Lmspl, lower mesopleuron; Lmtpl, lower metapleuron; mgo, metapleural gland opening; Ppd, propodeum; Prn, pronotum; sp, spiracles (metanotal and propodeal); Umspl, upper mesopleuron. Scale bars are 0.2 mm in B and D, and 0.1 mm in A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243413/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
, B). Despite having a prominent frons, there is no sign of an elevated platform on the frons and vertex as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74AFBBE66FBBAFDF1" authorityName="Borysenko" authorityYear="2017" box="[967,1116,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boltonimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74AFBBE66FBBAFDF1" box="[967,1116,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Boltonimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and which was suggested as a character shared between both genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136253FFF74B63BE02FCC5FDAD" author="Borysenko, L. H." box="[607,803,582,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref23349" refString="Borysenko, L. H. (2017) Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insecta Mundi, 570, 1 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 051367" type="journal article" year="2017">Borysenko, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, see section 3. 4 below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B4D8666A6253FFF749ABBB42FAD7F863" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243399" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8243399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243399/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" startId="9.[151,250,1798,1822]" targetBox="[158,1430,638,1768]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26253FFF749ABBB42FAD7F863" blockId="9.[151,1437,1798,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF749ABBB42FEF0F8D2" bold="true" box="[151,278,1798,1823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Types of mesosoma in fossil and extant ants.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74A34BB42FCFCF8D3" bold="true" box="[776,794,1798,1822]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74A17BB42FC2BF8D3" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[811,973,1798,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74A17BB42FC2BF8D3" box="[811,973,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74AE2BB43FC09F8D2" bold="true" box="[990,1007,1799,1823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74AC3BB43FB5FF8D3" authorityName="Cao, Boudinot & Gao" authorityYear="2020" box="[1023,1209,1799,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protozigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74AC3BB43FB5FF8D3" box="[1023,1209,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Protozigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74DF6BB42FB3AF8D3" bold="true" box="[1226,1244,1798,1822]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74DD1BB43FA95F8D3" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[1261,1395,1799,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74DD1BB43FA95F8D3" box="[1261,1395,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74CB8BB43FA70F8D2" bold="true" box="[1412,1430,1799,1823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF749ABBB6FFEFBF88F" box="[151,285,1835,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brownimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF749ABBB6FFEFBF88F" box="[151,285,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Brownimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74815BB6FFEDCF88E" bold="true" box="[297,314,1835,1859]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74878BB6EFE33F88F" box="[324,469,1834,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74878BB6EFE33F88F" box="[324,469,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Brachyponera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74B3FBB6FFDF4F88E" bold="true" box="[515,530,1835,1859]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74B21BB6EFD7EF88F" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[541,664,1834,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74B21BB6EFD7EF88F" box="[541,664,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Discothyrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among extant ants,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF74A54BB6EFC05F88F" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[872,995,1834,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74A54BB6EFC05F88F" box="[872,995,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Discothyrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents a degree of mesosomal compaction similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616253FFF7486BBB0BFE3BF8AB" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[343,477,1871,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF7486BBB0BFE3BF8AB" box="[343,477,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74BB1BB0BFD34F8AA" bold="true" box="[653,722,1871,1895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Lmspl</emphasis>
|
||
, lower mesopleuron;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74A80BB0BFBE6F8AA" bold="true" box="[956,1024,1871,1895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Lmtpl</emphasis>
|
||
, lower metapleuron;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74DD9BB0BFAF5F8AA" bold="true" box="[1253,1299,1871,1895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">mgo</emphasis>
|
||
, metapleural gland opening;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74805BB37FE8FF846" bold="true" box="[313,361,1907,1931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Msn</emphasis>
|
||
, mesonotum;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF748C0BB37FDD5F846" bold="true" box="[508,563,1907,1931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Mspl</emphasis>
|
||
, mesopleuron;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74BE8BB37FCF5F846" bold="true" box="[724,787,1907,1931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Mssct</emphasis>
|
||
, mesoscutum;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74A8CBB37FC10F846" bold="true" box="[944,1014,1907,1931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Mssctl</emphasis>
|
||
, mesoscutellum;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74D90BB37FB3CF846" bold="true" box="[1196,1242,1907,1931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Mtn</emphasis>
|
||
, metanotum;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74C56BB37FA70F846" bold="true" box="[1386,1430,1907,1931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Ppd</emphasis>
|
||
, propodeum;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74824BBD3FEA7F862" bold="true" box="[280,321,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Prn</emphasis>
|
||
, pronotum;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74881BBD3FE0BF862" bold="true" box="[445,493,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Prpl</emphasis>
|
||
, propleuron,
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74B4ABBD3FD68F862" bold="true" box="[630,654,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">sp</emphasis>
|
||
, spiracle;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74BCABBD3FCDAF862" bold="true" box="[758,828,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Umspl</emphasis>
|
||
, upper mesopleuron;
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06253FFF74D26BBD3FBB9F862" bold="true" box="[1050,1119,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Umtpl</emphasis>
|
||
, upper metapleuron.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26250FFF449FBBCD3FC19FED0" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF449FBBCD3FECEFF7D" bold="true" box="[199,296,150,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Note 11.</emphasis>
|
||
In most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF448B1BCD3FDA6FF7C" authorityName="Nel & Perrault" authorityYear="2004" box="[397,576,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gerontoformica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF448B1BCD3FDA6FF7C" box="[397,576,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Gerontoformica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the frontal carina is crescent-shaped and around the torulus. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44C33BCD3FEF5FF18" baseAuthorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myanmyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maraudera">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44C33BCD3FEF5FF18" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Myanmyrma maraudera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the frontal carina resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44BECBCFFFC82FF19" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[720,868,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44BECBCFFFC82FF19" box="[720,868,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, it is more developed and reaches the anterior portion of the torulus. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44B31BC9BFD47FF35" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[525,673,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44B31BC9BFD47FF35" box="[525,673,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the carina may be poorly marked (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44D6BBC9BFB12FF34" authority="Abstract, 2023" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[1111,1268,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chuyangsui" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44D6BBC9BFB12FF34" box="[1111,1268,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Z. chuyangsui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44DC6BC9BFAB5FF34" bold="true" box="[1274,1363,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9E0578B6250FFF44DC6BC9BFAB5FF34" box="[1274,1363,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), only represented by a wave of the cuticle which forms a somewhat shallow scrobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26250FFF449FBBD63FD25FDD4" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF449FBBD63FECCFE8D" bold="true" box="[199,298,294,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Note 12.</emphasis>
|
||
The mesosomal conformation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44B92BD63FCA4FE8D" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[686,834,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44B92BD63FCA4FE8D" box="[686,834,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sets it apart from other stem ants. Dorsally it has no signs of sutures, so that notal and propodeal limits can be only guessed (usually by the position of the spiracles on the lateral surfaces). It is particularly difficult to determine whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44A9EBD2BFBD0FE45" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[930,1078,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44A9EBD2BFBD0FE45" box="[930,1078,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a developed metanotum as other stem lineages or if it shrunk in between the mesonotum and the dorsum of the propodeum, resembling modern ants, where this sclerite is reduced. Mesosoma as compressed and fused as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44D7EBDF3FB30FE1D" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[1090,1238,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44D7EBDF3FB30FE1D" box="[1090,1238,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in some lineages of the Myrmicinae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF448DBBD9FFD33FE38" baseAuthorityName="Carpenter" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[487,725,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Agroecomyrmecinae">Agroecomyrmecinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44A15BD9FFC7AFE38" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[809,924,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dorylinae">Dorylinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in the Proceratiinae, being particularly similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44835BDBBFE8BFDD4" authorityName="Brown & Kempf" authorityYear="1968" box="[265,365,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tatuidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44835BDBBFE8BFDD4" box="[265,365,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Tatuidris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF4489FBDBBFD58FDD4" authority="Roger, 1863" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[419,702,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF4489FBDBBFDCDFDD4" box="[419,555,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Discothyrea</emphasis>
|
||
Roger, 1863
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26250FFF449FBBE67FEFAFD00" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF449FBBE67FECCFDF1" bold="true" box="[199,298,546,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Note 13.</emphasis>
|
||
The calcar in many Cretaceous ants is considerably different from extant ants (personal observation). In many species of various genera it has a bifid tip, it does not have a well-developed comb across its length, the inner margin is most of the time concave, sometimes lamellate along the main axis (sometimes there are projections, but they are not as tidily organized, not forming a comb-like structure as in extant ants). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44DA5BECBFACBFD65" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[1177,1325,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44DA5BECBFACBFD65" box="[1177,1325,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the tip is rarely bifid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26250FFF449FBBE93FCECFC90" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF449FBBE93FECDFD3D" bold="true" box="[199,299,726,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Note 14.</emphasis>
|
||
All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF4485CBE93FE05FD3C" box="[352,483,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including Mesozoic ones, have only 1 protibial spur, the calcar. The calcar can be associated with 1 or 2 posterior, subapical, spur-like setae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136250FFF44A04BEBFFBCEFCD8" author="Lattke, J. E. & Melo, G. A. R." box="[824,1064,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" pagination="104502" refId="ref25165" refString="Lattke, J. E. & Melo, G. A. R. (2020) New haidomyrmecine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 114, 104502. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2020.104502" type="journal article" year="2020">Lattke & Melo 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136250FFF44D08BEBFFAC7FCD8" author="Perrichot, V. & Wang, B. & Barden, P." box="[1076,1313,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref25537" refString="Perrichot, V., Wang, B. & Barden, P. (2020) New remarkable hell ants (Formicidae: Haidomyrmecinae stat. nov.) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 109 (104381), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2020.104381" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Perrichot
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44D9FBEBFFB3BFCD8" box="[1187,1245,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136250FFF44C11BEBFFF3BFCF4" author="Cao, H. & Boudinot, B. E. & Wang, Z. & Miao, X. & Shih, C. & Ren, D. & Gao, T." pageId="10" pageNumber="311" pagination="161 - 173" refId="ref23785" refString="Cao, H., Boudinot, B. E., Wang, Z., Miao, X., Shih, C., Ren, D. & Gao, T. (2020 a). Two new iron maiden ants from Burmese amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: † Zigrasimeciini). Myrmecological News, 30, 161 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.25849 / myrmecol. news _ 030: 161" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Cao
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44C5FBEBFFA7BFCD8" box="[1379,1437,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="789C2A676250FFF449C8BF5BFED0FCF4" box="[244,310,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1274]" captionTargetId="figure-24@14.[151,1435,181,1274]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Holotype of Zigrasimecia caohuijiae (ANTWEB1041055). A, dorsal view of mesosoma and petiole; B, detail of the right side of the petiole in profile, white triangle indicates the edge of the sclerite (posterior petiole tube or collar); C, zooming of pronotum in dorsal view under epifluorescent light, black triangles in A and C indicate minute decumbent setae on mesosoma (setae also clear in image D); D, zooming of propodeum and petiole under epifluorescent light; E, posterolateral view of propodeum, black triangle indicates hypertrophied propodeal spiracle; F, detail of probasitarsus, showing concentration of long, fine setae, white triangle indicates calcar with simple tip (not bifid), and black triangle indicates mesopretarsal claws with toothed inner margins; G, inner face of protibia and probasitarsus, showing two spur-like setae next to calcar; H, detail of abdominal segment VII and sting, black triangles show gonostyli. Scale bars are 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243405/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
, G), which explains previous reports of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44BC8BF5BFC6EFCF5" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[756,904,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44BC8BF5BFC6EFCF5" box="[756,904,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having more than one protibial spur. Therefore, the formula accounts only for the meso- and metatibiae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26250FFF449FBBF23FBBBFBB0" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF449FBBF23FEC2FC4D" bold="true" box="[199,292,870,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Note 15</emphasis>
|
||
. The petiole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF448E0BF23FD96FC4D" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[476,624,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF448E0BF23FD96FC4D" box="[476,624,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite unique among the stem lineages. Considering all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44C34BF23FA7AFC4D" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[1288,1436,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44C34BF23FA7AFC4D" box="[1288,1436,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens examined, the pedunculate state, considered as a trait shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44D12BFCFFB24FC69" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[1070,1218,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44D12BFCFFB24FC69" box="[1070,1218,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44C3BBFCFFE89FC04" authority="(Borysenko, 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Borysenko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boltonimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44C3BBFCFFA7AFC68" box="[1287,1436,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Boltonimecia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136250FFF449A3BFEBFE81FC04" author="Borysenko, L. H." box="[159,359,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref23349" refString="Borysenko, L. H. (2017) Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insecta Mundi, 570, 1 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 051367" type="journal article" year="2017">Borysenko, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is not likely correct (see section 3. 4 below). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44A8BBFEBFBADFC05" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[951,1099,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44A8BBFEBFBADFC05" box="[951,1099,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in profile view, the anterior petiole margin is straight and inclined posterodorsally across its length, never forming a proper anterior peduncle clearly distinct from the node. Among the species in the genus with longer petioles, this is maintained, although the impression of a pedunculate petiole is greater. Moreover, not rarely the petiole is slightly disarticulated from the mesosoma, reinforcing this impression. This petiole shape is seen in some modern species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44DCCB87BFE79FBB0" authority="(Santschi, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44DCCB87BFF06FBB0" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Eurhopalothrix bruchi</emphasis>
|
||
(Santschi, 1922)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related spp., see images of CASENT0173970 at Antweb).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E01836E26250FFF449FBB8C3FAF2FB24" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF449FBB8C3FECEFB6D" bold="true" box="[199,296,1158,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Note 16.</emphasis>
|
||
The cinctus between pre- and postsclerites of fourth abdominal segment, when present, is always mild in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44989B8EFFEAFFB09" authorityName="Abstract" authorityYear="2023" box="[181,329,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44989B8EFFEAFFB09" box="[181,329,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Zigrasimecia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see discussion under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27A74D616250FFF44B76B8EFFD47FB08" authorityName="Perrichot" authorityYear="2014" box="[586,673,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zigrasimecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2D3EAF06250FFF44B76B8EFFD47FB08" box="[586,673,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Z. ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Among other Cretaceous ants, the constriction goes from entirely absent to the formation of a conspicuous postpetiole (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136250FFF44BD2B88BFBF5FB24" author="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A." box="[750,1043,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" pagination="93627" refId="ref23083" refString="Barden, P. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2014) A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS ONE, 9 (4), e 93627. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0093627" type="journal article" year="2014">Barden & Grimaldi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84364B136250FFF44D22B88BFAEEFB24" author="Miao, Z. & Wang, M." box="[1054,1288,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" pagination="139 - 142" refId="ref25282" refString="Miao, Z. & Wang, M. (2019) A new species of hell ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) from the Cretaceous Burmese amber. Journal of the Guangxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 37 (2), 139 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.16088 / j. issn. 1001 - 6600.2019.02.017" type="journal article" year="2019">Miao & Wang, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |