188 lines
22 KiB
XML
188 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="5FF8D95F8069E536253278F2373BD687" ID-CLB-Dataset="33958" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.526.6315" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69093431-a5de-4194-8787-cd353a1ad462" ID-PMC="PMC4607846" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-526-75" ID-PubMed="26487826" ID-ZooBank="BA29348F1339413E8F16B08F78DB167D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-526-75" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 526" ModsDocTitle="Revised generic placement of Brachypelmaembrithes (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) and Brachypelmaangustum Valerio, 1980, with definition of the taxonomic features for identification of female Sericopelma Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae, Theraphosidae)" checkinTime="1451243908814" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gabriel, Ray & Longhorn, Stuart J." docDate="2015" docId="679C1BDE08CF700D46A4706ECDEE10DD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 526: 75-104" docOrigin="ZooKeys 526" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.526.6315" docTitle="Sericopelma embrithes Chamberlin & Ivie 1936, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="FFA5FFD07C609007FFD7993B4C49FFE1" masterDocTitle="Revised generic placement of Brachypelmaembrithes (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) and Brachypelmaangustum Valerio, 1980, with definition of the taxonomic features for identification of female Sericopelma Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae, Theraphosidae)" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1732701172480" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6F4DE99614B7ED732BF0C9F452C8B035">Revised generic placement of Brachypelmaembrithes (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) and Brachypelmaangustum Valerio, 1980, with definition of the taxonomic features for identification of female Sericopelma Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae, Theraphosidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0DB5E5307BA9C7B4F09C1A861F92823D">Gabriel, Ray</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C71F1087CFCA115E0F6B713B17DDC93C">Longhorn, Stuart J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2E64F625529B2A0DD98DF88E819A17F9">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="679C1BDE08CF700D46A4706ECDEE10DD" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152062685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:679C1BDE08CF700D46A4706ECDEE10DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/679C1BDE08CF700D46A4706ECDEE10DD" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" scope_family="Theraphosidae" scope_order="Araneae">
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<subSubSection id="6D12B63F44B9E8DEBB0DB03CC272761F" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C87651594FAA7E7D35B16E3A91CD5C2C" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Theraphosidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FE839675C61013E0846554BE4DA5CF87" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A4C5E69E9E60FDD4770C358DE639640D" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="C9AEA8E7D75D26CE2EE6A71FFF08597B" ID-CoL="6YJT4" authority="Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936" authorityName="Chamberlin & Ivie" authorityYear="1936" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma embrithes" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="embrithes">Sericopelma embrithes (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BBBD7C4E5CEBA00415F7D6F00C8544FE" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4A4CAD982E3743C3AFFBB39882F74CDB" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6E3AD24FDEFD3596087C9C153AC7ECDC" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="5959EA5D152D62694BC944D168EBC1F8" genus="Eurypelma" lsidName="Eurypelma embrithes" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="embrithes">Eurypelma embrithes</taxonomicName>
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Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936: 7 (D female)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C831BB2C4E33E6DCF6CE91FE7194EDD2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="3A939631DB79BAEFB34934291A99C56E" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia embrithes" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="embrithes">Avicularia embrithes</taxonomicName>
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Raven, 1985: 146, 148, 151 (T f from
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<taxonomicName id="09ADDB4E299F7F3DCF889E7ED2F01805" genus="Eurypelma" lsidName="Eurypelma" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rank="genus">Eurypelma</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F6B2E7D1DF96126378D9ABB3AE18F6E" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="6880AD28E9088C548B80930BEFAAF791" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma embrithes" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="embrithes">Aphonopelma embrithes</taxonomicName>
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Schmidt, 1993: 78 (T f from
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<taxonomicName id="E9A58BBCDD3BFCF2D67970AA3358BC65" genus="Eurypelma" lsidName="Eurypelma" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rank="genus">Eurypelma</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="AEB1B71B54A4159749F693D01DDB9586" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Avicularia</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A3705B2362078E7BC35685B60703A36E" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="CA8D03B79861752575B98C513BD3BBE9" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Brachypelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachypelma embrithes" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="embrithes">Brachypelma embrithes</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1994: 160 (T f from
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<taxonomicName id="0D4538B9BD0C3F2A42E9AAE66B2BF41F" genus="Eurypelma" lsidName="Eurypelma" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rank="genus">Eurypelma</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="678D2EF30E6B063CAF2CD5F5E5785939" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Avicularia</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="518338E2D81455122184E3823E5BEB29" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="description">
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<paragraph id="808E3710EF378FDA5CD42D06652554D0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="99A304595799306B215FA2DA0796E6A1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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Female (Holotype AMNH): Total length including chelicerae 58.6. Carapace, length 27.6, width 23.2. Caput, high. Ocular tubercle, length 2.6, width 3. An
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<pageBreakToken id="574CEE74B175CBEF2EDFA21EBC6809EF" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" start="start">terior</pageBreakToken>
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row procurved, posterior row recurved. Eyes ALE> AME, AME> PLE, PLE> PME. Clypeus; 0.9, clypeal fringe long. Fovea, deep transverse. Maxillae, with 100-120 cuspules, covering approximately 60% of proximal edge. Labium, length 3.2, width 4.4, with 40-60 labial cuspules most separated by less than 0.5 - 1 times the width of a single cuspule. Labio-sternal mounds separate. Sternum, damaged with three pairs of sigilla. Femur IV with a dense pad of plumose hair on retro-lateral surface, pro-lateral surfaces of trochanter/femur of anterior legs lacking stridulatory setae. Tarsi
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<normalizedToken id="B7402ADE09F45F73D18AFCC110665F4F" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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densely scopulate. Metatarsal scopulae, I 88%, II 83%, III 64%, IV 15% of the length of the segment, IV divided. Lengths of leg and palpal segments see Table 2. Spination: femurs I, III, IV, 0-0-2 palp d 0-0-1, patella I, palp, II, III 0-2-0, IV 0-3-0, tibia 1 d 0-2-0, v 0-0-3, II d 1-2-0, v 1-1-3, III d 2-2-2, v 0-2-3 (apical), tibia IV d 4-3-2, v 2-1-2, palp d 0-1-2, metatarsus I 0-0-1, II v 0-0-2 (apical), III d 2-3-2, v 4-0-5 (apical), IV d 3-2-2, v 5-5-9 (5 apical). Posterior lateral spinnerets, with three segments, basal 4.4, medial 3.7, digitiform apical 6.1.Lateral median spinnerets, with one segment. Spermathecae, single domed receptacle apically swollen (Fig. 1). Urticating hairs (not from holotype) type I and III.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="5DB003982346C238F44BA8539DA5898C" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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<paragraph id="29682913434D3A8F4A673D36BF8F0C7C" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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Figure 1-5. 1 Spermathecae from holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="92FE37A8AD0A2F96258048EC5DEBEE48" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma embrithes" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="embrithes">Sericopelma embrithes</taxonomicName>
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in dorsal view 2 Live specimen in situ of
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<taxonomicName id="9D39E1298BD45AFD4F12ABBF6AE50202" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma embrithes" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="embrithes">Sericopelma cf. embrithes</taxonomicName>
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at type locality on Barro Colorado Island, probable adult Female [Photo: Insa Wagner, STRI] 3 Spermatheca drawing of female Nicaraguan
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<taxonomicName id="CC7360891E30633F77DD0930F41293A4" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericopelma</taxonomicName>
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sp. in dorsal from
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<bibRefCitation id="0FE203B652A1ACA94FA83CC5D432B108" author="Schiapelli, RD" journalOrPublisher="Atas do Simposia sobre a Biota Amazonica (Zoologica)" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" pagination="481 - 494" title="Estudio sistematico comparativo de los generos Theraphosa Walck., 1805; Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1851 y Sericopelma Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae, Theraphosidae)." volume="5" year="1967">Schiapelli and Gerschman (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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, their figure 20 4 Spermatheca of mature female
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<taxonomicName id="3AA7951B9CE85C5717595EB08EA7642A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericopelma</taxonomicName>
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sp. Boquete (
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<geoCoordinate id="87EF4A586F57528ABFC8068581161853" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="8.78">8.78°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="837E95F1C2290819804E4A5493E29B7E" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-82.43">82.43°W</geoCoordinate>
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), Districto Boquete,
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<normalizedToken id="443A694017237C88CF098498DEEAF826" originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
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Province, Panama, dorsal view lacking any distinct median notch 5 Same spermatheca (as 4) in lateral view with diagnostic
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<normalizedToken id="3A0BF481524ECAC06201D2AA325EA3E6" originalValue="‘P-shape’">'P-shape'</normalizedToken>
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(of seen in reverse).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="D85C79D6685551C7638DDEA4D9767A78" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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Colour. Type specimen alcohol faded brown. Live freshly moulted specimens from type locality are an overall blackish with longer red hairs on the abdomen, with grayish hairs on the dorsal trochanter, coxae and edges of the carapace, and two converging stripes on patella in older specimens (Fig. 2). These colours fade to overall
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<pageBreakToken id="20A85B93391B9ED32A116C080AF38E7A" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" start="start">brown</pageBreakToken>
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with subdued russet abdominal hairs after a few months and the first dry season (RG pers.obs.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7C364C0BEC57F05A0584C09424B18D0E" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="52D518D127A72A3979A473AE34E81DD0" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00A6A65814CEE59C4E6D5974EC379C58" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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Only known from type locality Barro Colorado Island, = Lake Gatun/ Canal Zone, Districto La Chorrera, Provincia de
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<normalizedToken id="A92B02E19CD3608C4613BBDFDC774F22" originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="AE539ABE3929C8D2437BD960C87AA3DC" originalValue="República">Republica</normalizedToken>
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de
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<normalizedToken id="27C53165B2FAC8408740CE95FDB35D43" originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
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[DMS =
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<geoCoordinate id="BF32B0C389FA516791BDF96DD3705116" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="9.15">9°09'00"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7D66A0A89ADF504A8A25942E05BD8AF7" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-79.84473">79°50'41"W</geoCoordinate>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F6B6CE67010433DA93CB22FB26D60FD9" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="BCDF6800A4AB2B7EAB39680B03EA2D2C" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5AEA5D3AF55FB52F38D5BD386BD99B47" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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Originally, this species was described by "Carapace is decidedly longer than wide. Median depression transverse; deep" and "barely a trace of scopula on metatarsus IV". Our examination confirmed these features, but lead us to conclude identification as
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<taxonomicName id="6B3718EB8E0A8B711CEDBA27E279B7CE" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericopelma</taxonomicName>
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as defined here, including presence of an apically swollen unilobar spermathecae (Fig. 1, see also Figs 3-5, 7-9, contrast 13-16). The type locality of Barro Colorado Island is the site of a Smithsonian Institute field-centre; hence there is a large series of specimens from type locality assignable to
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<taxonomicName id="B2F65CCBDE52F47CB6E74DDAF6BFEB46" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma embrithes" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="embrithes">Sericopelma embrithes</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 2) in the MCZ, MIUP and PMY (supplementary material). It is possible that
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<taxonomicName id="723A4A61FFAC2DCD808FC60DF1991F99" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma embrithes" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="embrithes">Sericopelma embrithes</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E296249E0409AF0481AEAB243E0C8278" author="Chamberlin, RV" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the University of Utah" pageId="17" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 103" title="New spiders from Mexico and Panama." volume="27" year="1936">Chamberlin and Ivie 1936</bibRefCitation>
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) is a junior synonym of another
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<taxonomicName id="1ABFFB700D4DF0168BF1CFD3A49DBB32" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericopelma</taxonomicName>
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sp. such as
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<taxonomicName id="1C9F069AC75AF12E62E8BB7320B3692F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma commune" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commune">Sericopelma commune</taxonomicName>
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Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 or
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<taxonomicName id="1BDCCBD52CEDD0590F6FB183539E8116" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma panamanum" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamanum">Sericopelma panamanum</taxonomicName>
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(Karsch, 1880). Unfortunately, the mature male of
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<taxonomicName id="B49601E6DC4DB86C3ADBD778861A3C03" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma embrithes" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="embrithes">Sericopelma embrithes</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unknown. However, geographic considerations can be vital to make confident decisions about both generic and species identities as many tarantulas have narrow distributions, and we contend these older named Panamanian species were collected in distant western Panama, namely
|
||
<normalizedToken id="08D29AE6FD17999FA1882E8F26BFCA69" originalValue="‘Chiriquí’">'Chiriqui'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, likely the cool highlands near
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FF409553EC5C248D8CACBCC64B5B75ED" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Baru and Boquete (Prov. de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0C5E2C14066F00612F38FE96EBC2548D" originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
|
||
) where Europeans would acclimatize (rather than the small modern village of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4EB70A83B1C1CA507F5A89F7596CB8BB" originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Prov. de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AEBC4E0B384A14D2A8221CBB276E0B8B" originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Conversely,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D23A66D0BBF2F5E52E2589AE00D46B28" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma embrithes" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="embrithes">Sericopelma embrithes</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Barro Colorado Island (Prov. de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A9875BCBD84780C7AA7D93F9FB061A3F" originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
|
||
) is within the central Canal Zone, a distance of over 300 km from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9552A911B5E7A2A67A69DCD2E7A71E66" originalValue="‘Chiriquí’">'Chiriqui'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Specifically ca. 320 km from Panama City to Boquete).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A556731D40CC999462A307886550576E" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<paragraph id="FAC308EC449C7C4954455643FCF6F211" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Figure 6-11. Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0143118AE6F260970643FA20D8109744" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma angustum" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustum">Sericopelma angustum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 6 Habitus and labels 7
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FAC7E3935E8C5C215BB81CF4FC662A85" author="Valerio, CE" journalOrPublisher="Brenesia" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" pagination="259 - 28" title="Aranas terafosidas de Costa Rica Araneae, Theraphosidae. I. Sericopelma y Brachypelma." volume="18" year="1980">Valerio (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
figure 19, drawing spermathecae 8 Spermathecae, dorsal view 9 Spermathecaee, lateral view showing (reversed)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AD35A6E7713AB7E20EDC85EEE121FD9B" originalValue="‘P-shape’">'P-shape'</normalizedToken>
|
||
diagnostic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A094CEDE7D233F6F2338131A61C599B5" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericopelma</taxonomicName>
|
||
10 Dense pad of plumose hairs on femur IV not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2B6C9825675DF670DC6F02638B9F013" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Brachypelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachypelma" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachypelma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, upper with alcohol wet, bottom left inset same dried, bottom right inset closeup of plumose hairs 11 tarsus leg IV showing unusual spines along central axis, bottom left inset closer image.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |