390 lines
65 KiB
XML
390 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="FF68AFF8132EBE527E805381A2A6DCC8" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.795.1663" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6299150" ID-ZooBank="7394D45E-46E1-453C-BF7E-1FE1B2CEBB0A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1645805968592" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Huber, Bernhard A." docDate="2022" docId="671CB865FFA9FFF3FDE9FDDFFAF48A3E" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-795_1-241.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 795 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.795.1663" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Holocnemus Simon 1873" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="9B25C01DFFAFFFFBFF97FFAEFF828C52" masterDocTitle="Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae)" masterLastPageNumber="241" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1699300358200" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="908A3004E9D6AC0DECE1167932E660E4">Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B755F93059C01DCED5DDA427BB4C2D84">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="64153E73CE8D7B12FFFB65DC91FF1E59">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="4C0BF9D4E5EDF360932D1A523934C421">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFDE9FDDFFC378ED9" ID-CoL="4XY7" ID-ENA="280393" authority="Simon, 1873" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1873" box="[638,949,625,652]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFDE9FDDFFC958EDE" bold="true" box="[638,791,625,652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holocnemus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA9FFFDFC88FDDFFC378ED9" author="Simon E." box="[799,949,625,651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="187 - 351" refId="ref112737" refString="Simon E. 1873. Araneides nouveaux ou peu connus du midi de l'Europe. Extrait des Memoires de la Societe royale des Sciences de Liege (2) 5: 187 - 351. [separately paginated version (pp. 1 - 174) seen and cited here.]" type="journal article" year="1873">Simon, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="CFA52E5DFFA9FFFDFF2AFD1DFBBA8E9C" box="[189,1080,691,718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="A7AF5AF8FFA9FFFDFF2AFD1DFD9B8E9F" box="[189,537,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA9FFFDFF2AFD1DFD9B8E9F" blockId="6.[189,1080,691,718]" box="[189,537,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<treatmentCitation id="6E142F62FFA9FFFDFF2AFD1DFD9B8E9F" author="Simon E." box="[189,537,691,717]" page="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1873">
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<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFF2AFD1DFD9B8E9F" ID-CoL="4XY7" authority="Simon, 1873: 48" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1873" box="[189,537,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFF2AFD1DFED28E9F" box="[189,336,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holocnemus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA9FFFDFEC0FD1DFD9B8E9F" author="Simon E." box="[343,537,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="187 - 351" refId="ref112737" refString="Simon E. 1873. Araneides nouveaux ou peu connus du midi de l'Europe. Extrait des Memoires de la Societe royale des Sciences de Liege (2) 5: 187 - 351. [separately paginated version (pp. 1 - 174) seen and cited here.]" type="journal article" year="1873">Simon, 1873: 48</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A7AF5AF8FFA9FFFDFDB6FD1DFBBA8E9C" box="[545,1080,691,718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA9FFFDFDB6FD1DFBBA8E9C" blockId="6.[189,1080,691,718]" box="[545,1080,691,718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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(
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<typeStatus id="300EB7D1FFA9FFFDFDBEFD1DFDDF8E9F" box="[553,605,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFD5EFD1DFC9D8E9F" box="[713,799,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aranea</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFCB0FD1DFBAE8E9C" ID-CoL="3M8SP" authority="Scopoli, 1763" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[807,1068,691,718]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluchei">
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<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFCB0FD1DFCFF8E9F" box="[807,893,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pluchei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA9FFFDFC13FD1DFBAE8E9C" author="Scopoli J. A." box="[900,1068,691,718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref112440" refString="Scopoli J. A. 1763. Entomologia carniolica, exhibens insecta carniolae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnaeana. Typis Ioannis Thomae Trattner, Vienna. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34434" type="book" year="1763">Scopoli, 1763</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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<subSubSection id="A7AF5AF8FFA9FFFDFF2AFD5AFCC08F5C" box="[189,834,756,783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA9FFFDFF2AFD5AFCC08F5C" blockId="6.[189,834,756,783]" box="[189,834,756,783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="CFA52E5DFFA9FFFDFF2AFD5AFCC08F5C" box="[189,834,756,783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFF2AFD5AFED28F5C" ID-CoL="4XY7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1873" box="[189,336,756,782]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFF2AFD5AFED28F5C" box="[189,336,756,782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holocnemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="6E142F62FFA9FFFDFEFAFD5AFDB98F5C" author="Simon E." box="[365,571,756,782]" page="471" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1893">
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<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA9FFFDFEFAFD5AFDB98F5C" author="Simon E." box="[365,571,756,782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref112925" refString="Simon E. 1893. Histoire Naturelle des Araignees. 2 nd Ed. Encyclopedie Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book" year="1893">Simon 1893: 471</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
. —
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<treatmentCitation id="6E142F62FFA9FFFDFDFDFD5AFCBC8F5C" author="Wiehle H." box="[618,830,756,782]" page="241" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1933">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA9FFFDFDFDFD5AFCBC8F5C" author="Wiehle H." box="[618,830,756,782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="241 - 252" refId="ref114032" refString="Wiehle H. 1933. Holocnemus hispanicus sp. nov. und die Gattungen Holocnemus Simon und Crossoprisa Simon. Zoologischer Anzeiger 104: 241 - 252." type="journal article" year="1933">Wiehle 1933: 241</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="A7AF5AF8FFA9FFFDFF2AFC98FB118803" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA9FFFDFF2AFC98FEA68F02" blockId="6.[189,292,822,848]" box="[189,292,822,848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<heading id="B442BE1FFFA9FFFDFF2AFC98FEA68F02" bold="true" box="[189,292,822,848]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFF2AFC98FEA68F02" bold="true" box="[189,292,822,848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remark</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA9FFFDFF2AFCCAFB118803" blockId="6.[188,1399,868,1106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFF2AFCCAFED28F2C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1873" box="[189,336,868,894]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFF2AFCCAFED28F2C" box="[189,336,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holocnemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an artificial non-monophyletic group (see Relationships below) that is here maintained for the lack of a convincing better solution. The four included species can be weakly diagnosed by sharing the synapomorphies of the spotted-leg clade (i.e., spotted legs and prolateral hump on the procursus) while maintaining the plesiomorphic long abdomen. A comprehensive description of a nonmonophyletic genus appears of little value. The
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<typeStatus id="300EB7D1FFA9FFFDFD7DFC5CFC9F885E" box="[746,797,1010,1036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFCEBFC5CFC778859" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[892,1013,1009,1035]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluchei">
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<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFCEBFC5CFC778859" box="[892,1013,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. pluchei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is unique in many ways and may eventually end up in its own monotypic genus. The species description below will thus probably serve the entire genus. For the other three species, I also refer to the redescriptions below.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7AF5AF8FFA9FFF3FF2AFBD7FC828D3B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA9FFFDFF2AFBD7FEE588C1" blockId="6.[189,359,1145,1171]" box="[189,359,1145,1171]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="B442BE1FFFA9FFFDFF2AFBD7FEE588C1" bold="true" box="[189,359,1145,1171]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFF2AFBD7FEE588C1" bold="true" box="[189,359,1145,1171]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Relationships</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA9FFF3FF2AFB09FC828D3B" blockId="6.[189,1399,1191,1359]" lastBlockId="8.[188,1399,265,362]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
There is strong evidence that the four species currently included in
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<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFB8AFB09FB328893" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1873" box="[1053,1200,1191,1217]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFB8AFB09FB328893" box="[1053,1200,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holocnemus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
are part of the spotted-leg clade of
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<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFE22FB65FDE888B7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[437,618,1227,1253]" pageId="6" pageNumber="3" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Smeringopinae">Smeringopinae</taxonomicName>
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, together with the genera
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<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFC3EFB65FBB588B7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[937,1079,1227,1253]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Crossopriza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFC3EFB65FBB588B7" box="[937,1079,1227,1253]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Crossopriza</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFBDEFB65FB4088B7" authority="Huber, 2022" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2022" box="[1097,1218,1227,1253]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Maghreba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFBDEFB65FB4088B7" box="[1097,1218,1227,1253]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Maghreba</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C6F2681AFFA9FFFDFB5AFB65FAB988B7" box="[1229,1339,1227,1253]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
, and
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<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFF2AFB40FEDB895A" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityYear="1932" box="[189,345,1262,1288]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Stygopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFF2AFB40FEDB895A" box="[189,345,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stygopholcus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Beyond that, however, relationships continue to be obscure. All available evidence suggests that
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||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFECAFABFFE728979" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1873" box="[349,496,1297,1323]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFECAFABFFE728979" box="[349,496,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holocnemus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
as currently construed is not monophyletic. The cladistic analysis places the
|
||
<typeStatus id="300EB7D1FFA9FFFDFF29FA9BFF73891D" box="[190,241,1333,1359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFED8FA9BFE45891C" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[335,455,1332,1358]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluchei">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFED8FA9BFE45891C" box="[335,455,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. pluchei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to all other representatives of the spotted-leg clade, and the other species in a paraphyletic comb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FE4CFEA7FDA38D71" box="[475,545,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1882,1908]" captionTargetBox="[227,1343,269,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[189,1398,269,1832]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Single most parsimonious cladogram of the spotted-leg clade resulting from analyses of the matrix in Appendix 1 using equal character weights and successive character weighting. Only unambigous character changes are shown. See Appendix 3 for differences in analyses using implied character weighting with conc =1 and 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299152/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Support for several of these nodes is weak, however, suggesting that a genomic analysis (in preparation) may well propose a different view of relationships. For that reason, no formal taxonomic changes are implemented here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="BBCA59FBFFA9FFFDFF2BF828FDA88BB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299154" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6299154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299154/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[188,231,1926,1952]" targetBox="[193,1396,1415,1882]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA9FFFDFF2BF828FDA88BB4" blockId="6.[188,1399,1926,2022]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFF2BF828FE888BF2" bold="true" box="[188,266,1926,1952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA9FFFDFD8AF828FC4F8BF3" authority="(Scopoli, 1763)" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[541,973,1926,1953]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluchei">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA9FFFDFD8AF828FC8E8BF2" box="[541,780,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holocnemus pluchei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA9FFFDFC8BF828FC468BF3" author="Scopoli J. A." box="[796,964,1926,1953]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref112440" refString="Scopoli J. A. 1763. Entomologia carniolica, exhibens insecta carniolae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnaeana. Typis Ioannis Thomae Trattner, Vienna. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34434" type="book" year="1763">Scopoli, 1763</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with approximate decades in which the species appeared in North America, South America, Central Europe, Australia, and Japan; see Distribution section for details.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BBCA59FBFFA8FFFCFF2AFC48FC75881A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6299156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299156/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[189,232,998,1024]" targetBox="[227,1361,275,947]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA8FFFCFF2AFC48FC75881A" blockId="7.[187,1399,998,1096]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA8FFFCFF2AFC48FE888852" bold="true" box="[189,266,998,1024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Known distributions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA8FFFCFDB0FC48FC3E8852" authority="(C. Koch, 1873)" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="C. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[551,956,998,1024]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reini" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA8FFFCFDB0FC48FD758852" box="[551,759,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Holocnemus reini</emphasis>
|
||
(C.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA8FFFCFCBDFC48FC368852" author="Koch C." box="[810,948,998,1024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="104 - 118" refId="ref110152" refString="Koch C. 1873. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Arachniden Nord-Afrikas, insbesondere einiger in dieser Richtung bisher noch unbekannt gebliebenen Gebiete des Atlas und der Kusten-Lander von Marocco. Berichte der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 1873: 104 - 118." type="journal article" year="1873">Koch, 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C6F2681AFFA8FFFCFC53FC48FBC78853" box="[964,1093,998,1025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA8FFFCFBEAFC49FE878876" authority="(Dufour, 1820)" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA8FFFCFBEAFC49FA898852" box="[1149,1291,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. caudatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA8FFFCFA8DFC48FF7E8876" author="Dufour L." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="198 - 209" refId="ref106915" refString="Dufour L. 1820. Description de cinq arachnides nouvelles. Annales Generales des Sciences Physiques 5: 198 - 209." type="journal article" year="1820">Dufour, 1820</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Light blue: dubious records; see Distribution section for details. Abbreviation: TL = type localities (the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA8FFFCFE3CFB83FD878814" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="C. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[427,517,1069,1094]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reini">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA8FFFCFE3CFB83FD878814" box="[427,517,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. reini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not exactly known; see text for details).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BBCA59FBFFA8FFFCFF2AF808FDC28BB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6299158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299158/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[189,230,1958,1984]" targetBox="[227,1364,1159,1911]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA8FFFCFF2AF808FDC28BB1" blockId="7.[189,1399,1958,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA8FFFCFF2AF808FE8F8B92" bold="true" box="[189,269,1958,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA8FFFCFDDFF808FBA18B92" authority="Wiehle, 1933" authorityName="Wiehle" authorityYear="1933" box="[584,1059,1958,1984]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA8FFFCFDDFF808FCEE8B92" box="[584,876,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Holocnemus hispanicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA8FFFCFCEBF808FBA18B92" author="Wiehle H." box="[892,1059,1958,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="241 - 252" refId="ref114032" refString="Wiehle H. 1933. Holocnemus hispanicus sp. nov. und die Gattungen Holocnemus Simon und Crossoprisa Simon. Zoologischer Anzeiger 104: 241 - 252." type="journal article" year="1933">Wiehle, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the Iberian Peninsula. Abbreviation: TL = type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A7AF5AF8FFA7FFF3FF2AFE3EFDBE8E11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF2AFE3EFED48DF8" blockId="8.[189,342,400,426]" box="[189,342,400,426]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="B442BE1FFFA7FFF3FF2AFE3EFED48DF8" bold="true" box="[189,342,400,426]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA7FFF3FF2AFE3EFED48DF8" bold="true" box="[189,342,400,426]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF2AFE11FDBE8E11" blockId="8.[187,1399,447,579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="300EB7D1FFA7FFF3FF65FE6EFEA78D88" box="[242,293,448,474]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA7FFF3FE1EFE6EFD818D8B" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[393,515,447,473]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluchei">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA7FFF3FE1EFE6EFD818D8B" box="[393,515,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. pluchei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed around the Mediterranean, and has relatively recently expanded towards the north and east and to other continents (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FCEFFE4CFC3C8DAF" box="[888,958,482,509]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[188,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[193,1396,1415,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-289@6.[189,1398,1410,1886]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Known distribution of Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763), with approximate decades in which the species appeared in North America, South America, Central Europe, Australia, and Japan; see Distribution section for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299154/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The other three species are restricted to the western Mediterranean:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA7FFF3FDB7FDA9FDFB8E72" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="C. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[544,633,519,544]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reini">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA7FFF3FDB7FDA9FDFB8E72" box="[544,633,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. reini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to northwestern Africa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FC00FDA8FC5F8E72" box="[919,989,518,544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,998,1024]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,275,947]" captionTargetId="figure-11@7.[222,1366,270,950]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Known distributions of Holocnemus reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov. and H. caudatus (Dufour, 1820). Light blue: dubious records; see Distribution section for details. Abbreviation: TL = type localities (the type locality of H. reini is not exactly known; see text for details)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299156/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA7FFF3FC64FDA9FB028E72" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1011,1152,518,544]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA7FFF3FC64FDA9FB028E72" box="[1011,1152,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. caudatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA7FFF3FB2FFDA9FADA8E72" authorityName="Wiehle" authorityYear="1933" box="[1208,1368,518,544]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA7FFF3FB2FFDA9FADA8E72" box="[1208,1368,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. hispanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the Iberian Peninsula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FE54FD87FDAD8E11" box="[451,559,553,579]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig 4" captionStartId-0="7.[189,232,998,1024]" captionStartId-1="7.[189,230,1958,1984]" captionTargetBox-0="[227,1361,275,947]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1364,1159,1911]" captionTargetId-0="figure-11@7.[222,1366,270,950]" captionTargetId-1="figure-58@7.[219,1368,1155,1914]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="Fig. 3. Known distributions of Holocnemus reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov. and H. caudatus (Dufour, 1820). Light blue: dubious records; see Distribution section for details. Abbreviation: TL = type localities (the type locality of H. reini is not exactly known; see text for details)." captionText-1="Fig 4. Known distribution of Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, 1933 on the Iberian Peninsula. Abbreviation: TL = type locality." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299156" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299158" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6299156/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6299158/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A7AF5AF8FFA7FFF3FF2AFDC4FD758EE1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF2AFDC4FEFC8ED6" blockId="8.[189,382,618,644]" box="[189,382,618,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="B442BE1FFFA7FFF3FF2AFDC4FEFC8ED6" bold="true" box="[189,382,618,644]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA7FFF3FF2AFDC4FEFC8ED6" bold="true" box="[189,382,618,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF2AFD37FD758EE1" blockId="8.[189,759,665,691]" box="[189,759,665,691]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">See individual sections on natural history below.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A7AF5AF8FFA7FFF3FF2AFD74FC328F3B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF2AFD74FEDF8EA6" blockId="8.[189,349,730,756]" box="[189,349,730,756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="B442BE1FFFA7FFF3FF2AFD74FEDF8EA6" bold="true" box="[189,349,730,756]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA7FFF3FF2AFD74FEDF8EA6" bold="true" box="[189,349,730,756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Composition</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF2AFCA7FC328F3B" blockId="8.[189,1399,777,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Currently four nominal species. The species number of this ‘group’ is not likely to change substantially (or not at all) in the future, considering the size of the spiders, their relatively overt life-style (compared to most other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA7FFF3FEC8FCE1FD948F38" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[351,534,847,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Smeringopinae">Smeringopinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and their geographic distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A7AF5AF8FFA7FFF3FF2AFC3EFE1A8FF9" box="[189,408,912,939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF2AFC3EFE1A8FF9" blockId="8.[189,408,912,939]" box="[189,408,912,939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="B442BE1FFFA7FFF3FF2AFC3EFE1A8FF9" bold="true" box="[189,408,912,939]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA7FFF3FF2AFC3EFE1A8FF9" bold="true" box="[189,408,912,939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Identification key</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A7AF5AF8FFA7FFF3FF2AFC11FAF48A3E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="key">
|
||
<key id="9B245E42FFA7FFF3FF2AFC11FAF48A3E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="544111D6FFA7FFF3FF2AFC11FAF58811" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF2AFC11FAF48FAF" blockId="8.[189,1399,959,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="5444AA46FFA7FFF3FF2AFC11FAF48FAF" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
1. Female with enlarged palps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FDABFC11FD448F8B" box="[572,710,959,985]" captionStart="Figs 29–35" captionStartId="22.[190,243,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,561,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-104@22.[189,1398,561,1737]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 29–35. Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763). 29–30. Female from Georgia, Sighnaghi (ZFMK Ar 21373); left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. 31. Female from Georgia, Sighnaghi (ZFMK Ar 21373); sternum, ventral (slightly frontal) view; arrow: posterior process. 32–33. Female and male from Bulgaria, Blagoevgrad (SMF), showing modified female pedicel and pair of plates frontally on female abdomen (arrows). 34. Female from Israel, Mount Karmel (ZFMK Ar 22305); left femur 3 ventral view. 35. Female from Israel, S of Teverya (ZFMK Ar 22306); female tarsus, showing irregular pseudosegmentation. Scale bars: 29–33 = 0.5 mm; 34 = 0.2 mm; 35 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299166/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 29–30</figureCitation>
|
||
), with median process on sternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FBF3FC11FB428F8B" box="[1124,1216,959,985]" captionStart="Figs 29–35" captionStartId="22.[190,243,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,561,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-104@22.[189,1398,561,1737]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 29–35. Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763). 29–30. Female from Georgia, Sighnaghi (ZFMK Ar 21373); left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. 31. Female from Georgia, Sighnaghi (ZFMK Ar 21373); sternum, ventral (slightly frontal) view; arrow: posterior process. 32–33. Female and male from Bulgaria, Blagoevgrad (SMF), showing modified female pedicel and pair of plates frontally on female abdomen (arrows). 34. Female from Israel, Mount Karmel (ZFMK Ar 22305); left femur 3 ventral view. 35. Female from Israel, S of Teverya (ZFMK Ar 22306); female tarsus, showing irregular pseudosegmentation. Scale bars: 29–33 = 0.5 mm; 34 = 0.2 mm; 35 = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299166/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 31</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FB5CFC11FB6E8F88" box="[1227,1260,959,986]" captionStart="Figs 51–58" captionStartId="26.[190,243,1756,1782]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,267,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-12@26.[189,1398,267,1712]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figs 51–58. Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763); male and female from Greece, Daphni/Athens (MHNG). 51–52. Male and female palpal tarsal organs.53. Tarsal organ on male tarsus 4. 54. Tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 55. Male gonopore. 56. Male spinnerets. 57. Epigynum and anterior abdominal process (arrow).58. Female sternum, showing posterior process (arrow). Scale bars: 51–54, 56 = 10 µm; 55 = 20 µm; 57–58 = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299172/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">58</figureCitation>
|
||
); male with pair of distinctive processes on distal bulbal sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FCCEFC4CFC5D8FAF" box="[857,991,994,1021]" captionStart="Figs 20–28" captionStartId="20.[190,243,1782,1808]" captionTargetBox="[213,1380,268,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-12@20.[189,1398,265,1728]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 20–28. Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763); male from Israel, S of Teverya (ZFMK Ar 22306), female from Georgia, Sighnaghi (ZFMK Ar 21373). 20–22. Left procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow: prolateral-ventral process. 23–26. Left genital bulb, ventral, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 27–28. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrow: pair of sculptured areas; asterisks: pair of internal pockets. Abbreviations: bs = basal sclerite; ds = distal sclerite; vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 20–26 = 0.3 mm; 27–28 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299164/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 24, 26</figureCitation>
|
||
) .........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA7FFF3FBAEFC4DFAF48FAF" ID-CoL="3M8SP" authority="(Scopoli, 1763)" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[1081,1398,994,1021]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluchei">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA7FFF3FBAEFC4DFB3B8FAF" bold="true" box="[1081,1209,994,1021]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. pluchei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA7FFF3FB5FFC4CFAEC8FAF" author="Scopoli J. A." box="[1224,1390,994,1021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref112440" refString="Scopoli J. A. 1763. Entomologia carniolica, exhibens insecta carniolae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnaeana. Typis Ioannis Thomae Trattner, Vienna. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34434" type="book" year="1763">Scopoli, 1763</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF56FBA8FAF58811" blockId="8.[189,1399,959,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="5444AA46FFA7FFF3FF56FBA8FAF58811" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
– Female with regular thin palps, without median process on sternum; males with very different distal bulbal sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FE3DFB87FDB08811" box="[426,562,1065,1091]" captionStart="Figs 62–70" captionStartId="30.[189,242,1773,1799]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,267,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-12@30.[189,1398,265,1731]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 62–70. Holocnemus reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov.; male from Morocco, near Tilamizene (ZFMK Ar 22319), female from Morocco, Al Kamoun (CAS 9027140). 62–63. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; arrow: retrolateral membrane. 64–65. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 66–68. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow: sperm duct opening. 69–70. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows: pockets. Abbreviations: bs = basal sclerite; ds = distal sclerite; vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 62–63, 66–68 = 0.3 mm; 64–65, 69–70 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299176/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 66–68</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FDA9FB87FD248811" box="[574,678,1065,1091]" captionStart="Figs 136–145" captionStartId="49.[189,242,1819,1845]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,287,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-11@49.[189,1398,284,1754]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figs 136–145. Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, 1933; male from Spain, Cáceres, Conquista de la Sierra (CRB), female from Spain, Málaga, Ronda (CRB). 136–138. Left procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow: prolateral transparent process. 139–141. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 142–143. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 144–145. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows: pockets. Abbreviations: bs = basal sclerite; ds = distal sclerite; vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299198/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">139–141</figureCitation>
|
||
) ............................................................................................. 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="544111D6FFA7FFF3FF2AFBC4FAF58993" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF2AFBC4FAF48943" blockId="8.[189,1399,959,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="5444AA46FFA7FFF3FF2AFBC4FAF48943" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
2. Sternum in male and female unmodified (i.e., without marginal indentations); male cheliceral apophyses with one modified hair each (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FD76FB23FCD288FA" box="[737,848,1165,1192]" captionStart="Figs 136–145" captionStartId="49.[189,242,1819,1845]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,287,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-11@49.[189,1398,284,1754]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figs 136–145. Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, 1933; male from Spain, Cáceres, Conquista de la Sierra (CRB), female from Spain, Málaga, Ronda (CRB). 136–138. Left procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow: prolateral transparent process. 139–141. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 142–143. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 144–145. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows: pockets. Abbreviations: bs = basal sclerite; ds = distal sclerite; vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299198/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 142</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FCF5FB23FC1088FA" box="[866,914,1165,1192]" captionStart="Figs 146–154" captionStartId="50.[189,242,1776,1802]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,265,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-12@50.[201,1385,265,1731]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figs 146–154. Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, 1933; male and female from Spain, Huelva, “Alájar/ Aracena” (MHNG). 146. Male ocular area. 147. Male clypeus. 148. Female carapace and ocular area. 149. Male cheliceral stridulatory file. 150. Tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 151. Female cheliceral stridulatory file. 152. Stridulatory pick on female palpal femur. 153. Left procursus, retrolateral-ventral view. 154. Distal (main) sclerite of left genital bulb, prolateral (slightly distal) view; arrow: sperm duct opening. Abbreviation: vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 146–148, 154 = 100 µm; 149, 151, 153 = 20 µm; 150, 152 = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299200/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">150</figureCitation>
|
||
); procursus ventral sclerite not covered retrolaterally by membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FDA0FB1FFD1E8899" box="[567,668,1201,1227]" captionStart="Figs 136–145" captionStartId="49.[189,242,1819,1845]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,287,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-11@49.[189,1398,284,1754]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figs 136–145. Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, 1933; male from Spain, Cáceres, Conquista de la Sierra (CRB), female from Spain, Málaga, Ronda (CRB). 136–138. Left procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow: prolateral transparent process. 139–141. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 142–143. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 144–145. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows: pockets. Abbreviations: bs = basal sclerite; ds = distal sclerite; vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299198/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 138</figureCitation>
|
||
); distal bulbal sclerite trapezoidal in prolateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FA9EFB1FFAF08899" box="[1289,1394,1201,1227]" captionStart="Figs 136–145" captionStartId="49.[189,242,1819,1845]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,287,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-11@49.[189,1398,284,1754]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figs 136–145. Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, 1933; male from Spain, Cáceres, Conquista de la Sierra (CRB), female from Spain, Málaga, Ronda (CRB). 136–138. Left procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow: prolateral transparent process. 139–141. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 142–143. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 144–145. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows: pockets. Abbreviations: bs = basal sclerite; ds = distal sclerite; vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299198/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 139</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FF7CFB7AFE9988BD" box="[235,283,1236,1263]" captionStart="Figs 146–154" captionStartId="50.[189,242,1776,1802]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,265,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-12@50.[201,1385,265,1731]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figs 146–154. Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, 1933; male and female from Spain, Huelva, “Alájar/ Aracena” (MHNG). 146. Male ocular area. 147. Male clypeus. 148. Female carapace and ocular area. 149. Male cheliceral stridulatory file. 150. Tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 151. Female cheliceral stridulatory file. 152. Stridulatory pick on female palpal femur. 153. Left procursus, retrolateral-ventral view. 154. Distal (main) sclerite of left genital bulb, prolateral (slightly distal) view; arrow: sperm duct opening. Abbreviation: vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 146–148, 154 = 100 µm; 149, 151, 153 = 20 µm; 150, 152 = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299200/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">154</figureCitation>
|
||
); epigynum with two long, anteriorly converging pockets (furrows) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FBA0FB7AFB5988BC" box="[1079,1243,1236,1262]" captionStart="Figs 129–135" captionStartId="47.[189,242,1710,1736]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-12@47.[189,1398,265,1665]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figs 129–135. Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, 1933. 129–131. Male from Spain, Cáceres, Conquista de la Sierra (CRB); left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 132. Female from Spain, Málaga, Ronda (CRB); abdomen, ventral view. 133. Female from Spain, Granada, “Sierra Havana” (SMF 8802); epigynum, ventral view. 134. Female from Spain, Málaga, between Periana and Ventas Zafarrayas (ZFMK Ar 23862); epigynum, ventral view. 135. Female from Spain, Badajoz, SW of Zafra (CRB); detail of female left femora 3 and 4, retrolateral-ventral view. Scale bars: 129–134 = 0.5 mm; 135 = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299196/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 133–134</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FB71FB7AFA9188BD" box="[1254,1299,1236,1263]" captionStart="Figs 155–162" captionStartId="52.[189,242,1761,1787]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-12@52.[189,1398,268,1711]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figs 155–162. Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, 1933; male and female from Spain, Huelva, “Alájar/ Aracena” (MHNG). 155. Male palpal tarsal organ. 156. Tarsal organ on male tarsus 3. 157. Tip of male right tarsus 4, showing comb-hairs. 158. Tip of female palp with tarsal organ. 159. Male ALS. 160. Female spinnerets. 161. Male gonopore. 162. Epigynum; arrows: pockets. Scale bars: 155–160 = 10 µm; 161 = 20 µm; 162= 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299202/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">162</figureCitation>
|
||
) ........... ...................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA7FFF3FBB9FB59FAF48943" ID-CoL="3M8SN" authority="Wiehle, 1933" authorityName="Wiehle" authorityYear="1933" box="[1070,1398,1271,1298]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA7FFF3FBB9FB59FB568940" bold="true" box="[1070,1236,1271,1298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. hispanicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA7FFF3FB4CFB59FAF48943" author="Wiehle H." box="[1243,1398,1271,1297]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="241 - 252" refId="ref114032" refString="Wiehle H. 1933. Holocnemus hispanicus sp. nov. und die Gattungen Holocnemus Simon und Crossoprisa Simon. Zoologischer Anzeiger 104: 241 - 252." type="journal article" year="1933">Wiehle, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF56FAB5FAF58993" blockId="8.[189,1399,959,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="5444AA46FFA7FFF3FF56FAB5FAF58993" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
– Sternum in male and female with distinct marginal indentations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FB9EFAB4FBE58966" box="[1033,1127,1306,1332]" captionStart="Figs 81–88" captionStartId="35.[189,242,1773,1799]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-11@35.[189,1398,265,1726]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figs 81–88. Holocnemus reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov.; male and female from Morocco, near Tilamizene (ZFMK Ar 22319). 81. Female sternum; arrows: indentations. 82–83. Modified hairs on male cheliceral apophyses (from same specimen). 84–85. Male and female cheliceral stridulatory files. 86. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. 87–88. Male and female palpal tarsal organs. Scale bars: 81 = 100 µm; 82–83, 86–88 = 10 µm; 84–85 = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299182/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 81</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FBEEFAB4FB2A8966" box="[1145,1192,1306,1332]" captionStart="Figs 111–118" captionStartId="42.[189,242,1819,1845]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,271,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-12@42.[189,1398,271,1758]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figs 111–118. Holocnemus caudatus (Dufour, 1820); male and female from Spain, Granada, Trevélez (MHNG). 111. Female ocular area. 112. Male sternum; arrows: indentations. 113–114. Male and female cheliceral stridulatory files. 115. Modified hairs on male cheliceral apophysis. 116. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. 117. Right procursus tip, prolateral view; arrow: retrolateral membrane. 118. Male gonopore. Abbreviation: vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 111–112, 117–118 = 100 µm; 113–114 = 20 µm; 115–116 = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299192/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">112</figureCitation>
|
||
); male cheliceral apophyses with 2–3 modified hairs each (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FD5FFA93FCA08905" box="[712,802,1341,1367]" captionStart="Figs 62–70" captionStartId="30.[189,242,1773,1799]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,267,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-12@30.[189,1398,265,1731]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 62–70. Holocnemus reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov.; male from Morocco, near Tilamizene (ZFMK Ar 22319), female from Morocco, Al Kamoun (CAS 9027140). 62–63. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; arrow: retrolateral membrane. 64–65. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 66–68. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow: sperm duct opening. 69–70. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows: pockets. Abbreviations: bs = basal sclerite; ds = distal sclerite; vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 62–63, 66–68 = 0.3 mm; 64–65, 69–70 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299176/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 64</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FCBAFA90FCFA890A" box="[813,888,1342,1368]" captionStart="Figs 81–88" captionStartId="35.[189,242,1773,1799]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-11@35.[189,1398,265,1726]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figs 81–88. Holocnemus reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov.; male and female from Morocco, near Tilamizene (ZFMK Ar 22319). 81. Female sternum; arrows: indentations. 82–83. Modified hairs on male cheliceral apophyses (from same specimen). 84–85. Male and female cheliceral stridulatory files. 86. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. 87–88. Male and female palpal tarsal organs. Scale bars: 81 = 100 µm; 82–83, 86–88 = 10 µm; 84–85 = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299182/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">82–83</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FC14FA93FC33890A" box="[899,945,1341,1368]" captionStart="Figs 111–118" captionStartId="42.[189,242,1819,1845]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,271,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-12@42.[189,1398,271,1758]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figs 111–118. Holocnemus caudatus (Dufour, 1820); male and female from Spain, Granada, Trevélez (MHNG). 111. Female ocular area. 112. Male sternum; arrows: indentations. 113–114. Male and female cheliceral stridulatory files. 115. Modified hairs on male cheliceral apophysis. 116. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. 117. Right procursus tip, prolateral view; arrow: retrolateral membrane. 118. Male gonopore. Abbreviation: vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 111–112, 117–118 = 100 µm; 113–114 = 20 µm; 115–116 = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299192/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">115</figureCitation>
|
||
); procursus with distinctive retrolateral membrane partly covering ventral sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FD4BFACFFCB78929" box="[732,821,1377,1403]" captionStart="Figs 62–70" captionStartId="30.[189,242,1773,1799]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,267,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-12@30.[189,1398,265,1731]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 62–70. Holocnemus reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov.; male from Morocco, near Tilamizene (ZFMK Ar 22319), female from Morocco, Al Kamoun (CAS 9027140). 62–63. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; arrow: retrolateral membrane. 64–65. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 66–68. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow: sperm duct opening. 69–70. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows: pockets. Abbreviations: bs = basal sclerite; ds = distal sclerite; vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 62–63, 66–68 = 0.3 mm; 64–65, 69–70 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299176/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 63</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FCD6FACFFCF28929" box="[833,880,1377,1403]" captionStart="Figs 111–118" captionStartId="42.[189,242,1819,1845]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,271,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-12@42.[189,1398,271,1758]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figs 111–118. Holocnemus caudatus (Dufour, 1820); male and female from Spain, Granada, Trevélez (MHNG). 111. Female ocular area. 112. Male sternum; arrows: indentations. 113–114. Male and female cheliceral stridulatory files. 115. Modified hairs on male cheliceral apophysis. 116. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. 117. Right procursus tip, prolateral view; arrow: retrolateral membrane. 118. Male gonopore. Abbreviation: vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 111–112, 117–118 = 100 µm; 113–114 = 20 µm; 115–116 = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299192/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">117</figureCitation>
|
||
); distal bulbal sclerite triangular in prolateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FEA5FA2AFE0E89CC" box="[306,396,1412,1438]" captionStart="Figs 62–70" captionStartId="30.[189,242,1773,1799]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,267,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-12@30.[189,1398,265,1731]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 62–70. Holocnemus reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov.; male from Morocco, near Tilamizene (ZFMK Ar 22319), female from Morocco, Al Kamoun (CAS 9027140). 62–63. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; arrow: retrolateral membrane. 64–65. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 66–68. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow: sperm duct opening. 69–70. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows: pockets. Abbreviations: bs = basal sclerite; ds = distal sclerite; vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 62–63, 66–68 = 0.3 mm; 64–65, 69–70 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299176/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 66</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FE0FFA2AFE3B89CC" box="[408,441,1412,1438]" captionStart="Figs 89–96" captionStartId="36.[189,242,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-12@36.[189,1398,266,1768]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figs 89–96. Holocnemus reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov.; male and female from Morocco, near Tilamizene (ZFMK Ar 22319). 89–91. Tips of right (89) and left (90–91) procursi, retrolateral and slightly distal views; arrow: retrolateral membrane. 92. Left genital bulb, prolateral view; arrow: sperm duct opening. 93. Male gonopore. 94. Male ALS.95. Female spinnerets. 96. Epigynum; arrows: pockets. Scale bars: 89, 93 = 20 µm; 90–91, 94–95 = 10 µm; 92, 96 = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299184/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">92</figureCitation>
|
||
); epigynum with pair of pockets in different arrangement (
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FBC8FA2AFB3889CC" box="[1119,1210,1412,1438]" captionStart="Figs 62–70" captionStartId="30.[189,242,1773,1799]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,267,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-12@30.[189,1398,265,1731]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 62–70. Holocnemus reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov.; male from Morocco, near Tilamizene (ZFMK Ar 22319), female from Morocco, Al Kamoun (CAS 9027140). 62–63. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; arrow: retrolateral membrane. 64–65. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 66–68. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow: sperm duct opening. 69–70. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows: pockets. Abbreviations: bs = basal sclerite; ds = distal sclerite; vs = ventral sclerite. Scale bars: 62–63, 66–68 = 0.3 mm; 64–65, 69–70 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299176/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 69</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FB52FA2AFB6789CC" box="[1221,1253,1412,1438]" captionStart="Figs 89–96" captionStartId="36.[189,242,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-12@36.[189,1398,266,1768]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figs 89–96. Holocnemus reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov.; male and female from Morocco, near Tilamizene (ZFMK Ar 22319). 89–91. Tips of right (89) and left (90–91) procursi, retrolateral and slightly distal views; arrow: retrolateral membrane. 92. Left genital bulb, prolateral view; arrow: sperm duct opening. 93. Male gonopore. 94. Male ALS.95. Female spinnerets. 96. Epigynum; arrows: pockets. Scale bars: 89, 93 = 20 µm; 90–91, 94–95 = 10 µm; 92, 96 = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299184/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">96</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FB66FA2AFA9389CC" box="[1265,1297,1412,1438]" captionStart="Figs 97–100" captionStartId="38.[189,242,1918,1944]" captionTargetBox="[192,1387,898,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-209@38.[189,1398,888,1875]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figs 97–100. Holocnemus caudatus (Dufour, 1820); male and female from Spain, Valencia, Montroy (MHNG). 97–98. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 99–100. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows: pockets. Scale bars = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299186/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">99</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="778E15F6FFA7FFF3FA8BFA2AFACB89CC" box="[1308,1353,1412,1438]" captionStart="Figs 119–128" captionStartId="44.[189,242,1819,1845]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,272,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-13@44.[189,1398,272,1755]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figs 119–128. Holocnemus caudatus (Dufour, 1820); male and female from Spain, Granada, Trevélez (MHNG). 119. ‘Short vertical hair’ on male metatarsus 4. 120. Tip of hair from preceding figure. 121. Male palpal tarsal organ. 122–123. Tarsal organs on male tarsi 1 and 4. 124. Female palpal tarsal organ. 125–126. Male and female spinnerets. 127–128. Epigyna and anterior epigynal humps (arrows). Scale bars: 119, 121–125 = 10 µm; 120 = 1 µm; 126 = 20 µm; 127–128 = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299194/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">128</figureCitation>
|
||
) ... ...............................................................................................................................................................3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="544111D6FFA7FFF3FF2AFA47FAF48A3E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF2AFA47FAF48A74" blockId="8.[189,1399,959,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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||
<keyLead id="5444AA46FFA7FFF3FF2AFA47FAF48A74" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
3. Wide distances between male cheliceral apophyses (70–80% of cheliceral maximum width) and between female epigynal pockets (>
|
||
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|
||
) ..........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA7FFF3FC5EF9A2FBAA8A74" ID-CoL="99C7F" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="C. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[969,1064,1548,1574]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reini" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA7FFF3FC5EF9A2FBAA8A74" bold="true" box="[969,1064,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. reini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C6F2681AFFA7FFF3FBB8F9A2FB338A74" box="[1071,1201,1548,1574]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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(C.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA7FFF3FB73F9A2FAEC8A74" author="Koch C." box="[1252,1390,1548,1574]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="104 - 118" refId="ref110152" refString="Koch C. 1873. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Arachniden Nord-Afrikas, insbesondere einiger in dieser Richtung bisher noch unbekannt gebliebenen Gebiete des Atlas und der Kusten-Lander von Marocco. Berichte der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 1873: 104 - 118." type="journal article" year="1873">Koch, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EF0A0973FFA7FFF3FF56F981FAF48A3E" blockId="8.[189,1399,959,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<keyLead id="5444AA46FFA7FFF3FF56F981FAF48A3E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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||
– Small distances between male cheliceral apophyses (50–60% of cheliceral maximum width) and between female epigynal pockets (<
|
||
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) .......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B572F0FFA7FFF3FBBBF9FCFAF48A3E" ID-CoL="3M8SM" authority="(Dufour, 1820)" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1068,1398,1618,1645]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudatus">
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||
<emphasis id="DDC1D561FFA7FFF3FBBBF9FCFB3C8A3F" bold="true" box="[1068,1214,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. caudatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B247482FFA7FFF3FB59F9FCFAEC8A3E" author="Dufour L." box="[1230,1390,1618,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="198 - 209" refId="ref106915" refString="Dufour L. 1820. Description de cinq arachnides nouvelles. Annales Generales des Sciences Physiques 5: 198 - 209." type="journal article" year="1820">Dufour, 1820</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |