317 lines
44 KiB
XML
317 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="1A5017D5337BFBD8207489B629547009" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5394538" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5394538" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630323264958" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Reiswig, Henry M." docDate="2000" docId="670387A8FFEBFFB0BFC8EF0FFE00FDF2" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2000.22.2.411-417.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 22 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hyalonema (Prionema) Lendenfeld 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="415" masterDocId="9B3AFFD0FFE9FFB6BD2AED0AFFCDFFFB" masterDocTitle="The hexactinellid Leiobolidium Schmidt (Porifera) is a Hyalonema Gray" masterLastPageNumber="417" masterPageNumber="411" pageNumber="413" updateTime="1699226632975" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="8EE32762046C045644DD3610819716B1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="13796A8CD538D9C93936F2BA7D506D02">
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<mods:title id="285C2C5DC4FE755AF40D2BB5BF3FF0D5">The hexactinellid Leiobolidium Schmidt (Porifera) is a Hyalonema Gray</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="7833FA2E84D6F9F5BC9A4695D2371A63" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D267FDE4266C85F8BE37A34BE6ECF9A5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0F8C08A5FF4F0EFAD9855B8CEA3D1CE5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8789079F03736BC5D5033A0CAD96BD62">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="378C75B2F9D34C00A94790089F643DFE">Redpath Museum and Biology Department, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke St West, H 3 A 2 K 6 Montreal, Quebec (Canada) cxhr @ musica. mcgill. ca</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B4051E30B628A017473C24E09DD2BF4B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BACA213CC09CADC2704AF8259FE823E4">
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<mods:title id="AA6B970019B39CD0EF718D17557BE994">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C8FD71471EC028CE7C8C2C84FB72B06A">
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<mods:date id="1F9EF67F5F979BBB682AA00570024D1F">2000</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E92FD6641A8C351503A5CDE13B7BD47B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2CC50FB51525CF76DD2130474D5B11F6">22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="8730B4BBBB6F40E3F99A015D9E2AB2FB" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="181B7604E368DD9787A9DF2556A7E36C">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="D58BABE129F9D88177E04F6EF8E55F1E" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="5EBE508B3F55B7E461D399562C5BEB58">411</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C5A3FE06A0DAB7B51F4DDF033A03C2B4">417</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="AC818C172EBBBEAD912B3F9FFA16BCCF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="83765BF3C40E7E3813E80EC9F0FBE2A4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5394538</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A7E3B8717803709C43DDDBF49D72AF9C" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A601F2E57765AC1FD3A41976861D7695" type="Zenodo-Dep">5394538</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="670387A8FFEBFFB0BFC8EF0FFE00FDF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:670387A8FFEBFFB0BFC8EF0FFE00FDF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/670387A8FFEBFFB0BFC8EF0FFE00FDF2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
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<subSubSection id="A7B06535FFEBFFB4BFC8EF0FFBB1FDE4" box="[738,1148,516,543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEBFFB4BFC8EF0FFBB1FDE4" blockId="2.[738,1148,516,543]" box="[738,1148,516,543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
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<heading id="B45D81D2FFEBFFB4BFC8EF0FFBB1FDE4" box="[738,1148,516,543]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" reason="2">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFEBFFB4BE7BEF0EFBB1FDE4" ID-CoL="85KGH" authority="Lendenfeld, 1915" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1915" box="[849,1148,516,543]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Prionema">
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<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEBFFB4BE7BEF0EFC7BFDE6" box="[849,950,516,541]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Prionema</emphasis>
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Lendenfeld, 1915
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7B06535FFEBFFB4BF8FEF37FB4EFD94" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEBFFB4BF8FEF37FB4EFD94" blockId="2.[677,1210,573,765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
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<collectionCode id="89BBAE7BFFEBFFB4BF8FEF37FCE7FDA8" box="[677,810,573,596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
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<typeStatus id="3011881CFFEBFFB4BF8FEF37FD1AFDA9" box="[677,727,573,596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">TYPE</typeStatus>
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SPECIES
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</collectionCode>
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. —
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<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFEBFFB4BE76EF34FD15FD94" authority="Lendenfeld, 1915" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1915" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agujanum">
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<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEBFFB4BE76EF34FBFAFDAF" box="[860,1079,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Hyalonema agujanum</emphasis>
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Lendenfeld, 1915
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</taxonomicName>
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by susequent designation (Ijima 1927: 52).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7B06535FFEBFFB4BF8FEF75FBE7FCA3" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEBFFB4BF8FEF75FB7DFD06" blockId="2.[677,1210,573,765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">DIAGNOSIS. — (from Ijima 1927). Dermal pinular ray varying in general shape from swollen and spindle-like to slender with tapering rachis. The largest or the second largest kind of amphidisc with umbel teeth which are finely serrated or fimbriated on their lateral edges.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEBFFB4BFF1EE2AFBE7FCA3" blockId="2.[731,1156,799,857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
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<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFEBFFB4BFF1EE2AFB8FFCC1" authority="Reiswig, 2000" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="2000" box="[731,1090,799,826]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repletum" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Prionema">
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<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEBFFB4BFF1EE2AFC95FCC1" bold="true" box="[731,856,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Hyalonema</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEBFFB4BE4DEE15FC1CFCC2" bold="true" box="[871,977,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Prionema</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEBFFB4BEC8EE2AFB8FFCC1" bold="true" box="[994,1090,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">repletum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C6ED57D7FFEBFFB4B963EE15FB49FCC2" box="[1097,1156,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEBFFB4BE16EE35FCB7FCA2" box="[828,890,831,857]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1011,1028]" captionTargetBox="[113,1210,206,981]" captionTargetId="graphics-368@3.[238,1167,557,961]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, external view of body; B, internal structure; C, macramphidisc and dermal pinule (SEM); D, serrated macramphidisc teeth (SEM); E, view of macramphidisc umbel with broken teeth in section (SEM); F, part of an uncinate (SEM). Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394540/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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A-F, 2: Table I)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7B06535FFEBFFB4BF8FEE7DFC8DFC52" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEBFFB4BF8FEE7DFC8DFC52" blockId="2.[677,1210,887,1236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
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<materialsCitation id="5FC23CE3FFEBFFB4BF8FEE7DFC8DFC52" collectionCode="MCZ" elevation="8023" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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<typeStatus id="3011881CFFEBFFB4BE83EE72FBCBFC6B" box="[937,1030,888,912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<collectionCode id="89BBAE7BFFEBFFB4B93FEE72FB82FC6B" box="[1045,1103,888,912]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
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#
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<quantity id="28529B5BFFEBFFB4B947EE72FB7BFC6B" box="[1133,1206,888,912]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.023" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" unit="m" value="8023.0">
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<elevation id="6487D18DFFEBFFB4B947EE72FB7BFC6B" box="[1133,1206,888,912]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.023" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" unit="m" value="8023.0">8023m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, old # 297), dry.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7B06535FFEBFFB4BF8FEEB3FBAAFC2B" box="[677,1127,953,978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEBFFB4BF8FEEB3FBAAFC2B" blockId="2.[677,1210,887,1236]" box="[677,1127,953,978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
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ETYMOLOGY. — From Latin
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<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEBFFB4BEEBEEB0FC33FC29" box="[961,1022,954,978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">replere</emphasis>
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, to fill up.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7B06535FFEBFFB4BF8FEEEBFD3FFBBD" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEBFFB4BF8FEEEBFD3FFBBD" blockId="2.[677,1210,887,1236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
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<collectionCode id="89BBAE7BFFEBFFB4BF8FEEEBFCF4FC03" box="[677,825,993,1016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
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||
<typeStatus id="3011881CFFEBFFB4BF8FEEEBFD18FC0C" box="[677,725,993,1016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">TYPE</typeStatus>
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LOCALITY
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</collectionCode>
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. —
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<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEBFFB4BE43EEEBFBCCFC01" bold="true" box="[873,1025,993,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Lesser Antilles.</emphasis>
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||
<quantity id="28529B5BFFEBFFB4B923EEE8FB80FC01" box="[1033,1101,994,1018]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
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, W-SW of the island of Bequia,
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<collectionCode id="89BBAE7BFFEBFFB4BE80EEF6FC36FBEF" box="[938,1019,1020,1044]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">USCSS</collectionCode>
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||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEBFFB4B922EEF6FB89FBEF" box="[1032,1092,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Blake</emphasis>
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, stn 235,
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<geoCoordinate id="8A9E5079FFEBFFB4BF8FE91FFCEEFBD6" box="[677,803,1045,1069]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" precision="15" seconds="10" value="12.952778">12°57’10”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8A9E5079FFEBFFB4BE1AE91FFC7EFBD6" box="[816,947,1045,1069]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-61.42361">61°25’25”W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="28529B5BFFEBFFB4BE95E91FFBDFFBD0" box="[959,1042,1044,1069]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.757" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" unit="m" value="2757.0">2757 m</quantity>
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||
,
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<date id="9B14107EFFEBFFB4B935E91FFB5BFBD6" box="[1055,1174,1045,1069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" value="1879-02-21">21. II.1879</date>
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, A. Agassiz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7B06535FFEBFFB4BF8FE95CFC3AFB2F" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEBFFB4BF8FE95CFC3AFB2F" blockId="2.[677,1210,887,1236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">DIAGNOSIS. — Hyalonematid with macramphidiscs bearing teeth with finely serrated edge: with uncinates; rhabdodiactins and macrohexactins as principalia; three distinct classes of amphidiscs and one class of microhexactins; body shape ovoid.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7B06535FFEBFFB2BF8FE805FBDAF9D1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEBFFB4BF8FE805FCFBFADC" blockId="2.[677,1210,1295,1706]" box="[677,822,1295,1321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEBFFB4BF8FE83AFD15FAB1" blockId="2.[677,1210,1295,1706]" box="[677,728,1328,1354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
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||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEBFFB4BF8FE83AFD15FAB1" box="[677,728,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Body</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEBFFB5BF8FE85AFE3AF951" blockId="2.[677,1210,1295,1706]" lastBlockId="3.[113,647,1136,1706]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
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The single specimen, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3011881CFFEBFFB4BE9CE85AFBD8FA91" box="[950,1045,1360,1386]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEBFFB4B909E85AFB5BFA92" box="[1059,1174,1359,1386]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1011,1028]" captionTargetBox="[113,1210,206,981]" captionTargetId="graphics-368@3.[238,1167,557,961]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, external view of body; B, internal structure; C, macramphidisc and dermal pinule (SEM); D, serrated macramphidisc teeth (SEM); E, view of macramphidisc umbel with broken teeth in section (SEM); F, part of an uncinate (SEM). Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394540/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), is a nearly spherical ovoid in body form, slightly expanded in the middle,
|
||
<quantity id="28529B5BFFEBFFB4BEC0E89AFB91FA52" box="[1002,1116,1423,1450]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" unit="mm" value="11.2">11.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall by
|
||
<quantity id="28529B5BFFEBFFB4BF8FE8BAFCC5FA32" box="[677,776,1455,1482]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" unit="mm" value="12.7">12.7 mm</quantity>
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wide. A small rounded apical cone projects slightly from a surrounding ring-like oscular aperture. The margins of the aperture are round- ed and bear a palisade of pinular diactine marginalia. Lateral surfaces are covered by a dense felt of pinular pentactins, supported by a rectangular lattice of hypodermal pentactins,
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||
<quantity id="28529B5BFFEBFFB4B934EB7AFBBAF972" box="[1054,1143,1647,1674]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
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mesh size, easily visible to the naked eye (
|
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<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEBFFB4B97CEB9AFB7CF951" box="[1110,1201,1680,1706]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1011,1028]" captionTargetBox="[113,1210,206,981]" captionTargetId="graphics-368@3.[238,1167,557,961]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, external view of body; B, internal structure; C, macramphidisc and dermal pinule (SEM); D, serrated macramphidisc teeth (SEM); E, view of macramphidisc umbel with broken teeth in section (SEM); F, part of an uncinate (SEM). Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394540/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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) where the pinular feltwork has been partially abraded. Dermal pinules have no regular arrangement, are spaced at about 25 µm distances, with tangential rays profusely overlapping in all directions. An aperture with a peripheral expansion is present at the inferior pole (
|
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<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEAFFB5BC86E81AFDE8FAD2" box="[428,549,1295,1322]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1011,1028]" captionTargetBox="[113,1210,206,981]" captionTargetId="graphics-368@3.[238,1167,557,961]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, external view of body; B, internal structure; C, macramphidisc and dermal pinule (SEM); D, serrated macramphidisc teeth (SEM); E, view of macramphidisc umbel with broken teeth in section (SEM); F, part of an uncinate (SEM). Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394540/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
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). This is presumed to be the point of emergence of the root tuft, which is lacking and is inferred to have been torn out during collection. No acanthophores were found in an extensive search of this entire region. The ectosome,
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<quantity id="28529B5BFFEAFFB5BF22E8BAFDA8FA32" box="[520,613,1455,1482]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
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||
in thickness, consists of a dense dermal surface supported by radial pillars outlining an extensive series of confluent subdermal spaces. The choanosome consists of a structureless pulp of spicules, with neither large cavities nor organized skeletal structures evident to the naked eye or at any level of magnification (
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEAFFB5BCBDEB9AFE27F951" box="[407,490,1680,1706]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1011,1028]" captionTargetBox="[113,1210,206,981]" captionTargetId="graphics-368@3.[238,1167,557,961]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, external view of body; B, internal structure; C, macramphidisc and dermal pinule (SEM); D, serrated macramphidisc teeth (SEM); E, view of macramphidisc umbel with broken teeth in section (SEM); F, part of an uncinate (SEM). Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394540/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BBD56636FFEAFFB5BD5BEEF9FDEFFBD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394540" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5394540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394540/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" startId="3.[113,124,1011,1028]" targetBox="[113,1210,206,981]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEAFFB5BD5BEEF9FDEFFBD4" blockId="3.[113,1209,1011,1071]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">
|
||
FIG. 1. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFEAFFB5BDEBEEF9FE07FBFF" authority="Reiswig, 2000" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="2000" box="[193,458,1011,1028]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repletum" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Prionema">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEAFFB5BDEBEEF9FE07FBFF" box="[193,458,1011,1028]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C6ED57D7FFEAFFB5BCE5EEF9FDCCFBFF" box="[463,513,1011,1028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEAFFB5BF2DEEF9FDD9FBFF" bold="true" box="[519,532,1011,1028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">A</emphasis>
|
||
, external view of body;
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEAFFB5BFF0EEF9FD2AFBFF" bold="true" box="[730,743,1011,1028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">B</emphasis>
|
||
, internal structure;
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEAFFB5BEADEEF9FC58FBFF" bold="true" box="[903,917,1011,1028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">C</emphasis>
|
||
, macramphidisc and dermal pinule (SEM);
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEAFFB5BD84E902FF71FBE2" bold="true" box="[174,188,1032,1049]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">D</emphasis>
|
||
, serrated macramphidisc teeth (SEM);
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEAFFB5BF2DE902FDDEFBE2" bold="true" box="[519,531,1032,1049]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">E</emphasis>
|
||
, view of macramphidisc umbel with broken teeth in section (SEM);
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEAFFB5B97AE902FB96FBE2" bold="true" box="[1104,1115,1032,1049]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">F</emphasis>
|
||
, part of an uncinate (SEM). Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C-F, 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEAFFB5BF8FE97AFD3BFB71" blockId="3.[677,1210,1136,1706]" box="[677,758,1136,1162]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEAFFB5BF8FE97AFD3BFB71" box="[677,758,1136,1162]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEAFFB5BF8FE985FB74FB32" blockId="3.[677,1210,1136,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Ten classes of spicules have been found in this species: their dimensions are presented in Table I.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEAFFB5BF8FE9DAFB8FFA91" blockId="3.[677,1210,1136,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEAFFB5BF8FE9DAFC9AFB11" bold="true" box="[677,855,1232,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Rhabdodiactin.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEAFFB5BE42E9DAFC0CFB11" box="[872,961,1232,1258]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1092,1109]" captionTargetBox="[118,1205,206,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-244@5.[108,1218,200,1086]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Spicules of Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, rhabdodiactin; B, macropentactin; C, macrohexactin; D, pinular diactin; E, pinular pentactin; F, macramphidisc; G, mesamphidisc; H, micramphidisc; I, uncinate; J, microxyhexactin. Scale bars: A-D, 200 µm; E, F, I, 100 µm; G, H, J, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394542/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) Parenchymal principalia (with macrohexactins); thin, evenly tapering to sharp tips; entirely smooth with central inflation; most occur singly but occasionally in poorly defined tracts two to six spicules wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEAFFB5BF8FE87AFD1FF9B1" blockId="3.[677,1210,1136,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEAFFB5BF8FE87AFCA9FA71" bold="true" box="[677,868,1392,1418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Macropentactin.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEAFFB5BE5CE87AFC01FA71" box="[886,972,1392,1418]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1092,1109]" captionTargetBox="[118,1205,206,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-244@5.[108,1218,200,1086]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Spicules of Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, rhabdodiactin; B, macropentactin; C, macrohexactin; D, pinular diactin; E, pinular pentactin; F, macramphidisc; G, mesamphidisc; H, micramphidisc; I, uncinate; J, microxyhexactin. Scale bars: A-D, 200 µm; E, F, I, 100 µm; G, H, J, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394542/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) Hypodermalia providing support for dermal pinules: tangential rays smooth, acute-tipped, slightly bent downwards, angle between proximal and tangential rays 79.8 ± 5.5°
|
||
<subScript id="732E34FBFFEAFFB5BE00E8F7FC8DF9EB" attach="left" box="[810,832,1533,1552]" fontSize="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">50</subScript>
|
||
(68.9-91.4); smaller pentactins common in mesh spaces of main hypodermal lattice.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEAFFB5BF8FEB5AFB74F952" blockId="3.[677,1210,1136,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEAFFB5BF8FEB5AFC9AF991" bold="true" box="[677,855,1616,1642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Macrohexactin.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEAFFB5BE43EB5AFC0CF991" box="[873,961,1616,1642]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1092,1109]" captionTargetBox="[118,1205,206,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-244@5.[108,1218,200,1086]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Spicules of Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, rhabdodiactin; B, macropentactin; C, macrohexactin; D, pinular diactin; E, pinular pentactin; F, macramphidisc; G, mesamphidisc; H, micramphidisc; I, uncinate; J, microxyhexactin. Scale bars: A-D, 200 µm; E, F, I, 100 µm; G, H, J, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394542/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) Parenchymal principalia (with rhabdodiactins); entirely smooth, acute-tipped, slightly unequal-rayed; occur
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEDFFB2BD58EE56FE23FC96" blockId="4.[114,494,860,877]" box="[114,494,860,877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">* total width including spines; ** rachis width.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEDFFB2BD58EEBAFF16FBF2" blockId="4.[114,647,944,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">randomly throughout choanosome with slight suggestion of rectangular organization in peripheral areas.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEDFFB2BD58E91AFF19FB72" blockId="4.[114,647,944,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEDFFB2BD58E91AFED3FBD1" bold="true" box="[114,286,1040,1066]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Pinular diactin.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEDFFB2BC07E91AFE4EFBD1" box="[301,387,1040,1066]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1092,1109]" captionTargetBox="[118,1205,206,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-244@5.[108,1218,200,1086]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Spicules of Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, rhabdodiactin; B, macropentactin; C, macrohexactin; D, pinular diactin; E, pinular pentactin; F, macramphidisc; G, mesamphidisc; H, micramphidisc; I, uncinate; J, microxyhexactin. Scale bars: A-D, 200 µm; E, F, I, 100 µm; G, H, J, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394542/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
) Marginalia; occur only as a palisade around margin of oscular rim; pinular ray usually broken, so few available for measurement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEDFFB2BD58E99AFF1AFA71" blockId="4.[114,647,944,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEDFFB2BD58E99AFE8DFB51" bold="true" box="[114,320,1168,1194]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Pinular pentactin.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEDFFB2BC7AE99AFE66FB51" box="[336,427,1168,1194]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1011,1028]" captionTargetBox="[113,1210,206,981]" captionTargetId="graphics-368@3.[238,1167,557,961]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, external view of body; B, internal structure; C, macramphidisc and dermal pinule (SEM); D, serrated macramphidisc teeth (SEM); E, view of macramphidisc umbel with broken teeth in section (SEM); F, part of an uncinate (SEM). Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394540/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEDFFB2BC90E99AFE17FB51" box="[442,474,1168,1194]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1092,1109]" captionTargetBox="[118,1205,206,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-244@5.[108,1218,200,1086]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Spicules of Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, rhabdodiactin; B, macropentactin; C, macrohexactin; D, pinular diactin; E, pinular pentactin; F, macramphidisc; G, mesamphidisc; H, micramphidisc; I, uncinate; J, microxyhexactin. Scale bars: A-D, 200 µm; E, F, I, 100 µm; G, H, J, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394542/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">2E</figureCitation>
|
||
) Dermalia (the only spicules present in dermal surface); spines of pinular ray long and sparse, inserted at fairly large angle to rachis, giving a ragged, bushy aspect; spines of lower quarter distinctly curved outwards: tangential rays straight, tapered, spined distally or throughout, always crossing perpendicularly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEDFFB2BD58E89AFE35F9D1" blockId="4.[114,647,944,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEDFFB2BD58E89AFF12FA51" bold="true" box="[114,223,1424,1450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Uncinate.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEDFFB2BDC6E89AFEF2FA51" box="[236,319,1424,1450]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1011,1028]" captionTargetBox="[113,1210,206,981]" captionTargetId="graphics-368@3.[238,1167,557,961]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, external view of body; B, internal structure; C, macramphidisc and dermal pinule (SEM); D, serrated macramphidisc teeth (SEM); E, view of macramphidisc umbel with broken teeth in section (SEM); F, part of an uncinate (SEM). Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394540/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Figs 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEDFFB2BC66E89AFEA9FA51" box="[332,356,1424,1450]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1092,1109]" captionTargetBox="[118,1205,206,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-244@5.[108,1218,200,1086]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Spicules of Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, rhabdodiactin; B, macropentactin; C, macrohexactin; D, pinular diactin; E, pinular pentactin; F, macramphidisc; G, mesamphidisc; H, micramphidisc; I, uncinate; J, microxyhexactin. Scale bars: A-D, 200 µm; E, F, I, 100 µm; G, H, J, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394542/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">2I</figureCitation>
|
||
) Parenchymalia and comitalia to hypodermal pentactins; with low, sharp barbs all oriented in the same direction; very clear axial cross present centrally and occasionally associated with a slight central inflation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEDFFB2BD58EB3AFB50FBB1" blockId="4.[114,647,944,1706]" lastBlockId="4.[677,1210,944,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEDFFB2BD58EB3AFEFFF9B1" bold="true" box="[114,306,1584,1610]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Macramphidisc.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEDFFB2BC6EEB3AFE44F9B1" box="[324,393,1584,1610]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1011,1028]" captionTargetBox="[113,1210,206,981]" captionTargetId="graphics-368@3.[238,1167,557,961]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, external view of body; B, internal structure; C, macramphidisc and dermal pinule (SEM); D, serrated macramphidisc teeth (SEM); E, view of macramphidisc umbel with broken teeth in section (SEM); F, part of an uncinate (SEM). Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394540/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C-E; 2F) Occur only ectosomal in linings of subdermal cavities: never dermal or choanosomal; long and narrow in form: usually eight teeth (four to eight) with finely serrated margins, ragged-toothed tips, and smooth rib support on inner side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEDFFB2B937EEDAFBA2FC11" box="[1053,1135,976,1002]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1011,1028]" captionTargetBox="[113,1210,206,981]" captionTargetId="graphics-368@3.[238,1167,557,961]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, external view of body; B, internal structure; C, macramphidisc and dermal pinule (SEM); D, serrated macramphidisc teeth (SEM); E, view of macramphidisc umbel with broken teeth in section (SEM); F, part of an uncinate (SEM). Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394540/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
); shaft with a central whorl of long, cylindric knobs with rounded tips; elsewhere sparsely ornamented with scattered small, low, round-tipped knobs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEDFFB2BF8FE95AFC43FA91" blockId="4.[677,1210,944,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEDFFB2BF8FE95AFC81FB91" bold="true" box="[677,844,1104,1130]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Mesamphidisc.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEDFFB2BE71E95AFC7FFB91" box="[859,946,1104,1130]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1092,1109]" captionTargetBox="[118,1205,206,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-244@5.[108,1218,200,1086]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Spicules of Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, rhabdodiactin; B, macropentactin; C, macrohexactin; D, pinular diactin; E, pinular pentactin; F, macramphidisc; G, mesamphidisc; H, micramphidisc; I, uncinate; J, microxyhexactin. Scale bars: A-D, 200 µm; E, F, I, 100 µm; G, H, J, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394542/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
) Occur sparsely in ectosome but mainly in choanosome with micramphidiscs in lines interpreted as residual membranes of major water channels, not randomly strewn; shape like macramphidisc; eight teeth, smooth-margined (not serrate); tips parabolic, rounded; shaft bearing eccentric-placed whorl of elongate knobs and dense covering of short rounded knobs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEDFFB2BF8FE87AFCE2FA31" blockId="4.[677,1210,944,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEDFFB2BF8FE87AFCA3FA71" bold="true" box="[677,878,1392,1418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Micramphidisc.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEDFFB2BEA8E87AFC2BFA71" box="[898,998,1392,1418]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1092,1109]" captionTargetBox="[118,1205,206,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-244@5.[108,1218,200,1086]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Spicules of Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, rhabdodiactin; B, macropentactin; C, macrohexactin; D, pinular diactin; E, pinular pentactin; F, macramphidisc; G, mesamphidisc; H, micramphidisc; I, uncinate; J, microxyhexactin. Scale bars: A-D, 200 µm; E, F, I, 100 µm; G, H, J, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394542/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
) Distribution as mesamphidisc: 16 teeth; shaft bears only a few sharp spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEDFFB2BF8FE8DAFBDAF9D1" blockId="4.[677,1210,944,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEDFFB2BF8FE8DAFC9FFA11" bold="true" box="[677,850,1488,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Microhexactin.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="77912A3BFFEDFFB2BE49E8DAFC7FFA11" box="[867,946,1488,1514]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1092,1109]" captionTargetBox="[118,1205,206,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-244@5.[108,1218,200,1086]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Spicules of Hyalonema (Prionema) repletum n. sp.; A, rhabdodiactin; B, macropentactin; C, macrohexactin; D, pinular diactin; E, pinular pentactin; F, macramphidisc; G, mesamphidisc; H, micramphidisc; I, uncinate; J, microxyhexactin. Scale bars: A-D, 200 µm; E, F, I, 100 µm; G, H, J, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394542/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
|
||
) Distributed randomly throughout choanosome; rays slightly curved, occasionally straight; finely rough.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A7B06535FFEDFFB0BF8FEB45FE00FDF2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="417" pageId="4" pageNumber="415" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEDFFB2BF8FEB45FCC4F99C" blockId="4.[677,1210,1615,1706]" box="[677,777,1615,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF1536BEFFEDFFB0BF8FEB7AFE00FDF2" blockId="4.[677,1210,1615,1706]" lastBlockId="6.[114,647,208,522]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="417" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Although the specimen lacks a root tuft and acanthophores, both presumed lost during collection, there is no doubt that it is a member of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFECFFB3BD93E9FAFEFCFAF1" authorityName="Gray. Zoosystema" authorityYear="1835" box="[185,305,1264,1290]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFECFFB3BD93E9FAFEFCFAF1" box="[185,305,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Hyalonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; taxonomic literature contains many similar situations and conclusions. Lévi’s (1964) suggestion that nine of the recognized subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFECFFB3BC2EE85AFEB6FA91" authorityName="Gray. Zoosystema" authorityYear="1835" box="[260,379,1360,1386]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFECFFB3BC2EE85AFEB6FA91" box="[260,379,1360,1386]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Hyalonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be raised to generic status, and five others be considered doubtful, has not been followed by authors of subsequent publications, but it may yet form the basis of a needed revision of the genus. Because the 12 subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFECFFB3BD5BE8FAFF3CF9F1" authorityName="Gray. Zoosystema" authorityYear="1835" box="[113,241,1520,1546]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFECFFB3BD5BE8FAFF3CF9F1" box="[113,241,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Hyalonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
accepted by Ijima (1927) are not diagnosed with mutually exclusive characters,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFECFFB3BD5BEB3AFF3FF9B1" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="2000" box="[113,242,1584,1610]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repletum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFECFFB3BD5BEB3AFF3FF9B1" box="[113,242,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">L. repletum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be assigned to either of two subgenera on the basis of Ijima’s diagnoses,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFECFFB3BD5BEB7AFE1FF971" authority="Lendenfeld, 1915" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1915" box="[113,466,1648,1674]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="413" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Prionema">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFECFFB3BD5BEB7AFF29F972" box="[113,228,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Prionema</emphasis>
|
||
Lendenfeld, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with serrated amphidisc teeth, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFECFFB3BC67EB85FD84F951" authority="Ijima, 1927" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[333,585,1679,1706]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Onconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFECFFB3BC67EB85FE70F952" box="[333,445,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Onconema</emphasis>
|
||
Ijima, 1927
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with uncinates. The former assignment has been selected on practical grounds, that is, macramphidiscs are easier to inspect and evaluate as autochthonous structures than are uncinates. This choice agrees with Lévi’s (1964) opinion that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFECFFB3BFF0E87AFC8FFA72" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1915" box="[730,834,1392,1417]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="417" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Prionema">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFECFFB3BFF0E87AFC8FFA72" box="[730,834,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Prionema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be considered an acceptable distinct taxon but that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFECFFB3BEA4E885FBCCFA52" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[910,1025,1423,1449]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Onconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFECFFB3BEA4E885FBCCFA52" box="[910,1025,1423,1449]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Onconema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be considered a doubtful taxon. With its distinctive combination of serrated amphidisc teeth and uncinates, this species is not a close relative of any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFECFFB3B96AE8FAFD35F9D1" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFECFFB3B96AE8FAFB77F9F1" box="[1088,1210,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Hyalonema</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
so far described. Among the species presently assigned to the two pertinent subgenera, this species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFECFFB3B915EB5AFC33F971" authority="Lendenfeld, 1915" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1915" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinosum" subGenus="Prionema">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFECFFB3B915EB5AFCF8F972" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">H. (Prionema) spinosum</emphasis>
|
||
Lendenfeld, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a form also with serration of macramphidisc teeth. The two differ in presence/absence of uncinates and shape of the dermal pinules, microhexactins, and body form. Ultimate resolution of the relationships between these groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFEFFFB0BC05EC3AFE63FEB1" authorityName="Gray. Zoosystema" authorityYear="1835" box="[303,430,304,330]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEFFFB0BC05EC3AFE63FEB1" box="[303,430,304,330]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">Hyalonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will depend upon more exclusive diagnosis of its subgenera and the importance accorded the uncommon occurrence of uncinates in this genus. For the present,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFEFFFB0BD58ECBAFF3FFE31" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="2000" box="[114,242,432,458]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repletum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEFFFB0BD58ECBAFF3FFE31" box="[114,242,432,458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">H. repletum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is comfortably contained within the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFEFFFB0BDF6ECDAFE8CFE12" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1915" box="[220,321,464,489]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Prionema">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEFFFB0BDF6ECDAFE8CFE12" box="[220,321,464,489]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">Prionema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Schmidt’s generic name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AA4D3DFFEFFFB0BD58ECFAFF30FDF1" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1880" box="[114,253,496,522]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Leiobolidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDDEEAACFFEFFFB0BD58ECFAFF30FDF1" box="[114,253,496,522]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">Leiobolidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, can be put to rest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |