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208 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.25843" ID-GBIF-Dataset="814f7eb8-bb51-4301-ad5d-f32ae874874c" ID-PMC="PMC6281703" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-799-21" ID-PubMed="30532616" ID-ZBK="804EEC5868CE445D98F22B4DFDBE2AC8" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-799-21" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 799" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomy of myid bivalves from fragmented brackish-water habitats in India, with a description of a new genus Indosphenia (Myidae, Myoidea, Myidae)" checkinTime="1543455905774" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Oliver, P. Graham, Hallan, Anders, Jayachandran, P. R., Joseph, Philomina, V. F. Sanu, & Nandan, S. Bijoy" docDate="2018" docId="66F4FE47B0673C11C372AF33EAC0670F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 799: 21-46" docOrigin="ZooKeys 799" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.25843" docTitle="Indosphenia Oliver, Hallan & Jayachandran, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="16D87E93-91A4-41E6-97E9-91903543A6DE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="BF51FFE2AC69E5145B45FF8104589368" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of myid bivalves from fragmented brackish-water habitats in India, with a description of a new genus Indosphenia (Myidae, Myoidea, Myidae)" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="21" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1543455905774" originalUpdateUser="pensoft" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668166463242" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy of myid bivalves from fragmented brackish-water habitats in India, with a description of a new genus Indosphenia (Myidae, Myoidea, Myidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oliver, P. Graham</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hallan, Anders</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jayachandran, P. R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Joseph, Philomina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>V. F. Sanu,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nandan, S. Bijoy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>799</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>21</mods:start>
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<mods:end>46</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.25843</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.25843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-799-21</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">804EEC5868CE445D98F22B4DFDBE2AC8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">804EEC5868CE445D98F22B4DFDBE2AC8</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="149831370" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16D87E93-91A4-41E6-97E9-91903543A6DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/66F4FE47B0673C11C372AF33EAC0670F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/16D87E93-91A4-41E6-97E9-91903543A6DE" authority="Oliver, Hallan & Jayachandran" class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Indosphenia Oliver, Hallan & Jayachandran</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="7" pageNumber="28">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
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(here designated)
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia kayalum" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kayalum">Indosphenia kayalum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="nominal species included">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Nominal species included.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Sphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenia sowerbyi" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">Sphenia sowerbyi</taxonomicName>
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EA Smith, 1893;
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Corbulidae" genus="Corbula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corbula alcocki" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alcocki">Corbula alcocki</taxonomicName>
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Preston, 1907;
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Corbulidae" genus="Corbula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corbula gracilis" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">Corbula gracilis</taxonomicName>
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Preston, 1907;
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cuspidariidae" genus="Cuspidaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cuspidaria annandalei" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annandalei">Cuspidaria annandalei</taxonomicName>
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Preston, 1915;
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cuspidariidae" genus="Cuspidaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cuspidaria cochinensis" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cochinensis">Cuspidaria cochinensis</taxonomicName>
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Preston, 1916.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
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By inference from descriptions
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Corbulidae" genus="Corbula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corbula abbreviata" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="abbreviata">Corbula abbreviata</taxonomicName>
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Preston, 1907;
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Corbulidae" genus="Corbula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corbula calcaria" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="calcaria">Corbula calcaria</taxonomicName>
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Preston, 1907;
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Corbulidae" genus="Corbula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corbula pfefferi" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pfefferi">Corbula pfefferi</taxonomicName>
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Preston, 1907;
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Corbulidae" genus="Corbula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corbula chilkaensis" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chilkaensis">Corbula chilkaensis</taxonomicName>
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Preston, 1911.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Slightly inequivalve, left valve smaller than right valve, almost equilateral to posteriorly extended, rather inflated. Outline subovate, anterior end broadly rounded; posterior narrowed, sub-rostrate. Sculpture of commarginal lines and very thin, weak lamellae; rostrum with a defined keel, at least in early growth stages. Pallial sinus very shallow, adductor muscle scars subequal, posterior scar subcircular, anterior scar elongate. Right valve with sub-umbonal, depressed resilifer accommodating chondrophore from left valve. Anteriorly, small projecting pseudo-tooth appears as extension of anterior margin (Fig. 3d). Left valve with projecting laminar chondrophore (Fig. 3d) plus shallow triangular depression anteriorly. Ligament attachment in narrow deep groove and extending over anterior part of chondrophore; ligament separated from posterior flange by weak ridge. Chondrophore extending posteriorly as narrow flange with median flexure in some individuals, its posterior end rounded and its outer face slightly sinuous in juveniles; in adults, posterior flange projects beyond ligamental portion and is rounded.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">In larger specimens, anterior tooth on right valve can be eroded and scarcely visible, chondrophore can project further and flange can be reduced. Mantle edge fused except for pedal gape and short paired fused siphons. Mantle patterned with darkly pigmented radiating blotches. Gills with both demibranchs. Labial palps small. Byssus of very fine threads, but not observed in all species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Indosphenia</taxonomicName>
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- combining the taxon provenance (India) with the related genus
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Sphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenia" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphenia</taxonomicName>
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. Gender feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
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The molecular and morphological data strongly suggest that
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Indosphenia</taxonomicName>
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is a member of the
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<taxonomicName family="Myidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" rank="family">Myidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Huber, M" journalOrPublisher="Conchbooks, Hackenheim" pageId="22" pageNumber="43" title="Compendium of bivalves." year="2010">Huber (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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postulated that all
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Corbulidae" genus="Corbula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corbula" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Corbula</taxonomicName>
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species described from Port Canning by
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<bibRefCitation author="Preston, HB" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pageId="22" pageNumber="43" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930709487259" year="1907">Preston (1907)</bibRefCitation>
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should be considered as a single species in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Corbulidae" genus="Potamocorbula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Potamocorbula" order="Myida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Potamocorbula</taxonomicName>
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. This conclusion was apparently reached on the basis of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Preston’s">Preston's</normalizedToken>
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descriptions rather than examination of actual specimens. Given that Preston did not
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="29" start="start">describe</pageBreakToken>
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the hinge and seemingly confused the anterior and posterior ends, it is not surprising that their true relationship went unrecognised until now.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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The structure of the hinge of
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia" order="Myida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Indosphenia</taxonomicName>
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is generally identical to that of
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Sphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenia" order="Myida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphenia</taxonomicName>
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sensu stricto as represented by its type species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. binghami" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="binghami">S. binghami</taxonomicName>
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, and its Indian Ocean
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="30" start="start">counterpart</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. perversa" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="perversa">S. perversa</taxonomicName>
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. However, this structure is also very similar to that seen in the juveniles of both
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Mya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mya arenaria" order="Myida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arenaria">Mya arenaria</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Mya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mya truncata" order="Myida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="truncata">Mya truncata</taxonomicName>
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. Consequently, hinge structure would not appear to be a useful character at the generic level. Instead, it suggests that
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Sphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenia" order="Myida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphenia</taxonomicName>
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represents a neotenous retention of the juvenile byssate characters of
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Mya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mya" order="Myida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Mya</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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Compared to the deep burrowing habits of
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Mya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mya" order="Myida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Mya</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Sphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenia" order="Myida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphenia</taxonomicName>
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exhibits a byssate nestling habit, which is manifested in their differing characters; typical
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Sphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenia" order="Myida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphenia</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 4) is irregular, heteromyarian and strongly inequilateral with the anterior end reduced. The posterior end is subtruncate and the siphons are large with well-developed musculature (Fig. 11e) and a corresponding deep and broad pallial sinus inside the shell valves. The following species share the nestling habit with corresponding similarities in shell form and anatomy:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. binghami" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="binghami">S. binghami</taxonomicName>
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, (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Yonge, CM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK" pageId="23" pageNumber="44" pagination="387 - 392" title="Observations on Spheniabinghami Turton." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400012856" volume="30" year="1951">Yonge 1951</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. perversa" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="perversa">S. perversa</taxonomicName>
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(see this paper),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. antillensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="antillensis">S. antillensis</taxonomicName>
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Dall & Simpson, 1901 (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Narchi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molluscan Studies" pageId="22" pageNumber="43" pagination="195 - 210" title="The functional anatomy of Spheniaantillensis Dall & Simpson, 1901 (Bivalvia: Myidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/59.2.195" volume="59" year="1993">Narchi and Domaneschi 1993</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fragilis" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="fragilis">S. fragilis</taxonomicName>
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(H & A Adams, 1854),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hatcheri" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="hatcheri">S. hatcheri</taxonomicName>
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Pilsbry, 1899 (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Pastorino, G" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pageId="22" pageNumber="43" pagination="431 - 435" title="The genus Sphenia Turton, 1822 (Bivalvia: Myidae) from shallow waters of Argentina." url="https://doi.org/10.4002/040.054.0112" volume="54" year="2011">Pastorino and Bagur 2011</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. coreanica" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="coreanica">S. coreanica</taxonomicName>
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Habe 1951 (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, JL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="23" pageNumber="44" pagination="39 - 60" title="The Myidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from Chinese waters with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3383.1.4" volume="3383" year="2012">Zhang et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. elongata" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="elongata">S. elongata</taxonomicName>
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Zhang et al., 2012. A further four East Pacific species are described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Coan, EV" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pageId="21" pageNumber="42" pagination="103 - 120" title="The eastern Pacific species of Sphenia (Bivalvia: Myidae)." volume="113" year="1999">Coan (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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and these too would appear to be nestling taxa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia" order="Myida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Indosphenia</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Sphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenia" order="Myida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sphenia</taxonomicName>
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in being almost equilateral with a narrow, almost rostrate, posterior end and a very short pallial sinus. This reflects the infaunal lifestyle of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. kayalum" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="kayalum">I. kayalum</taxonomicName>
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. Some specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. sowerbyi" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">I. sowerbyi</taxonomicName>
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have the posterior end encrusted with epifauna while the anterior end is relatively clean, suggesting that this species lives in sediment with the anterior end at, or close to, the sediment surface.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |