treatments-xml/data/66/EF/70/66EF70283D9F567F8E884BE8EC46328C.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224604" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-18-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575611" ModsDocID="1314-4049-18-1" checkinTime="1481875202450" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Petersen, Ronald H. &amp; Hughes, Karen W." docDate="2016" docId="66EF70283D9F567F8E884BE8EC46328C" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 18: 1-122" docOrigin="MycoKeys 18" docPubDate="2016-12-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007" docTitle="Gymnopus sequoiae R. H. Petersen 2016, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="92" masterDocId="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" masterDocTitle="Micromphale sect. Perforantia (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes); Expansion and phylogenetic placement" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1643498509278" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Micromphale sect. Perforantia (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes); Expansion and phylogenetic placement</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Petersen, Ronald H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 1100 USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">repete@utk.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hughes, Karen W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 1100 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2016-12-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number>18</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224604" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66EF70283D9F567F8E884BE8EC46328C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/66EF70283D9F567F8E884BE8EC46328C" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
10. 
<taxonomicName LSID="66EF7028-3D9F-567F-8E88-4BE8EC46328C" authority="(Desjardin) R. H. Petersen" authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="R. H. Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus sequoiae" order="Agaricales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sequoiae" status="comb. nov.">Gymnopus sequoiae (Desjardin) R.H. Petersen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="86" pageNumber="87">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="basionym">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Basionym.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Desjardin" authorityYear="1986" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Micromphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micromphale sequoiae" order="Agaricales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Micromphale sequoiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="894 - 902" publicationUrl="10.2307/3793301" refId="B6" refString="Desjardin, DE, 1985. New marasmioid fungi from California. Mycologia 77: 894 - 902, DOI: 10.2307/3793301" title="New marasmioid fungi from California." url="10.2307/3793301" volume="77" year="1985">Desjardin. 1985</bibRefCitation>
. Mycologia 77: 894-895.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">United States</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">California</emphasis>
, Mendocino Co., Jackson State Forest, junction of state roads 408 &amp; 409, 13.XI.1982, coll &amp; det D.E. Desjardin, DED 1740 (SFSU-F-000711).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
(fide 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="894 - 902" publicationUrl="10.2307/3793301" refId="B6" refString="Desjardin, DE, 1985. New marasmioid fungi from California. Mycologia 77: 894 - 902, DOI: 10.2307/3793301" title="New marasmioid fungi from California." url="10.2307/3793301" volume="77" year="1985">Desjardin 1985</bibRefCitation>
). 1) fruiting on needle debris of 
<taxonomicName class="Coniferopsida" family="Taxodiaceae" genus="Sequoia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sequoia sempervirens" order="Pinales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Gymnospermae" rank="species" species="sempervirens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Sequoia sempervirens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2) light brown to flesh-colored, rugulose pileus; 3) lamellae concolorous with pileus; 4) odor mild; 5) grayish-orange to brown pubescent stipe; 6) pileipellis of filamentous hyphae in a slime matrix (no 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Rameales</emphasis>
-structure); 7) poorly developed rhizomorphs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">The following description is a rearrangement of the protologue plus observations on dried material.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Basidiomata</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 71" captionStartId="F71" captionText="Figure 71. Gymnopus sequoiae. Basidiomata in natural habitat. A Courtesy Michael Wood B Ryan Snow, Mushroom Observer. Standard bars = 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115135" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">71</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Gymnopus sequoiae. A Basidiomata and rhizomorphs B Basidiospores. Standard bars: A = 10 mm; B = 5 µm. TFB 14620 (TENN-F- 69325)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115136" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">72A</figureCitation>
) pliant, marcescent, reviving. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pileus</emphasis>
6-12 mm broad, when young convex to campanulate, often with a short, acute umbo, in age becoming broadly convex to plano-convex with or without a central papilla, occasionally plane with a shallow central depression; margin when young decurved or slightly incurved, even, entire, in age becoming straight, wavy, crenate, rugulose-striate to rugulose-sulcate 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
of the distance to center; surface dry to moist, dull glabrous, hygrophanous, at first light brown 7D4-5 overall, rarely with disc reddish brown 8E5-7, in age disc remaining light brown or fading to brownish orange 6C3-4; margin in age fading to brownish orange, greyish orange 6B2-3 or orange white 5A2, in age rarely colored buff overall with a slightly darker disc; pileus trama light brown to brownish orange, soft, up to 1 mm thick. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Lamellae</emphasis>
adnate, free in age or rarely attached to a pseudocol 
<pageBreakToken pageId="87" pageNumber="88" start="start">lar</pageBreakToken>
, close to subdistant, narrow to medium broad (up to 1 mm), rarely anastomosing or intervenose, total lamellae = 25-27, through lamellae = 14-16; at first pale greyish orange 6B2, fading in age to pale orange white 5-6A2, typically concolorous with the pileus margin at maturity; edge even, entire, concolorous; lamellulae in 1-2 series. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Stipe</emphasis>
20-43 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.7-1.5 mm broad, terete or rarely apically compressed and cleft, equal or tapered downward, hollow, cartilaginous, insititious; context concolorous with stipe surface; apex pruinose, off-white, downward pubescent and often with furfuraceous base, when young, apical portion pale greyish orange 6B2, central portion light brown 7D4-6, base dark brown 7F5-7 to rusty brown, in age apex becoming pale brownish orange 7C3, central portion becoming brown 7E4-5, base becoming dark brown 7-8F4-8 or occasionally dark brown overall in age. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Rhizomorphs</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 69" captionStartId="F69" captionText="Figure 69. Gymnopus quinaultii. Hymenial elements. A Basidiole B-D Basidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 5886 (TENN-F- 51994)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure69" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115133" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">69A</figureCitation>
) short, slender, black, poorly developed, scattered; sterile stipes rare. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Taste</emphasis>
strongly alliaceous after 1-2 minutes; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">odor</emphasis>
mild or rarely slightly fetid when old and wet.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984921" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115135" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" start="Figure 71" startId="F71">
<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figure 71.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="R. H. Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus sequoiae" order="Agaricales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Gymnopus sequoiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Basidiomata in natural habitat. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">A</emphasis>
Courtesy Michael Wood 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">B</emphasis>
Ryan Snow, Mushroom Observer. Standard bars = 20 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984923" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115136" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" start="Figure 72" startId="F72">
<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figure 72.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="R. H. Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus sequoiae" order="Agaricales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Gymnopus sequoiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">A</emphasis>
Basidiomata and rhizomorphs 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">B</emphasis>
Basidiospores. Standard bars: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">A</emphasis>
= 10 mm; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">B</emphasis>
= 5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14620 (TENN-F-69325).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Habitat and phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Scattered to gregarious on branchlets and leaves of 
<taxonomicName class="Coniferopsida" family="Taxodiaceae" genus="Sequoia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sequoia sempervirens" order="Pinales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Gymnospermae" rank="species" species="sempervirens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Sequoia sempervirens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; presumably throughout the range of 
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. sempervirens" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="sempervirens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S. sempervirens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(at least northern California); October-February.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pileipellis</emphasis>
of inner limb up to 60 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, involved in a slime matrix; slime material heterogeneous with copious crystal suspension, transparent, not totally soluble in KOH, hyaline; hyphae (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 73" captionStartId="F73" captionText="Figure 73. Gymnopus sequoiae. Pileipellis structures. A Hyphae with subgelatinized walls in slime matrix B Clamp connection C Secondary septa. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14620 (TENN-F- 69325)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115137" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">73A</figureCitation>
) 3.6-11 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, repent, unoriented, interwoven, smooth, thick-walled (wall -1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick), conspicuously clamped (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 73" captionStartId="F73" captionText="Figure 73. Gymnopus sequoiae. Pileipellis structures. A Hyphae with subgelatinized walls in slime matrix B Clamp connection C Secondary septa. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14620 (TENN-F- 69325)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115137" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">73B</figureCitation>
) but with frequent secondary septa (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 73" captionStartId="F73" captionText="Figure 73. Gymnopus sequoiae. Pileipellis structures. A Hyphae with subgelatinized walls in slime matrix B Clamp connection C Secondary septa. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14620 (TENN-F- 69325)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115137" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">73C</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pileus trama</emphasis>
loosely interwoven; hyphae smooth, non-gelatinized, 4.2-7.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
broad, with hyaline to pale yellowish, inamyloid 
<pageBreakToken pageId="88" pageNumber="89" start="start">walls</pageBreakToken>
up to 1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Lamellar trama</emphasis>
interwoven, of two hyphal types: 1) filamentous hyphae 3.5-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, firm-walled, clamped, not incrusted or gelatinizing; and 2) free-form hyphae, inflated to 13 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, often articulating with neighboring hyphal segments, firm- to thick-walled (wall -0.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, hyaline); contents with scattered inclusions (PhC). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 74" captionStartId="F74" captionText="Figure 74. Gymnopus sequoiae. Hymenial structures. A-D Pleurocystidia E-H Basidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14620 (TENN-F- 69325)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115138" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">74A-D</figureCitation>
) 21-31 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7-8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, fusiform, clamped; contents homogeneous, dense (PhC). Basidioles broadly clavate, often becoming ampulliform, clamped; contents multigranular; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">basidia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 74" captionStartId="F74" captionText="Figure 74. Gymnopus sequoiae. Hymenial structures. A-D Pleurocystidia E-H Basidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14620 (TENN-F- 69325)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115138" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">74E-H</figureCitation>
) (21-
<pageBreakToken pageId="89" pageNumber="90" start="start">)</pageBreakToken>
25-30 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(6-)9-11 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, clavate, hyaline, (2-) 4-sterigmate; contents multigranular; sterigmata up to 4.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Basidiospores</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Gymnopus sequoiae. A Basidiomata and rhizomorphs B Basidiospores. Standard bars: A = 10 mm; B = 5 µm. TFB 14620 (TENN-F- 69325)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115136" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">72B</figureCitation>
) (6-)6.5-7.5(-8) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Q = 1.63-2.00; Qm = 1.81; Lm = 6.50 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) ellipsoid to lacrymoid, hyaline, smooth, inamyloid, white in deposit. Lamellar edge basically fertile; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">cheilocystidia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 75" captionStartId="F75" captionText="Figure 75. Gymnopus sequoiae. Cheilocystidia. A, B Clusters of cheilocystidia C-F Individual cheilocystidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14620 (TENN-F- 69325)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure75" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115139" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">75</figureCitation>
) common but scattered, 27-33 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.8-6.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, clavate or ventricose-rostrate, occasionally submammilate, hyaline and thin-walled, projecting up to 11 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
beyond basidia. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Stipe medullary hyphae</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 76" captionStartId="F76" captionText="Figure 76. Gymnopus sequoiae. Stipe apex structures. A Stipe medullary hyphae C Strongly incrusted cortical hyphae C Young caulocystidium with shagreened surface B, E Individual caulocystidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14620 (TENN-F- 69325)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115140" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">76A</figureCitation>
) free (walls not gelatinized), 3-7.5(-11.5) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, thick-walled (wall -1.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, hyaline), conspicuously clamped. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Stipe cortical hyphae</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 76" captionStartId="F76" captionText="Figure 76. Gymnopus sequoiae. Stipe apex structures. A Stipe medullary hyphae C Strongly incrusted cortical hyphae C Young caulocystidium with shagreened surface B, E Individual caulocystidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14620 (TENN-F- 69325)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115140" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">76C</figureCitation>
) 4-8.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, thick-walled (wall -1.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick), strongly incrusted in thick scabs and annuli, pigmented (yellow-brown, PhC), easily shattering in squash mounts. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Caulocystidia at stipe apex</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 76" captionStartId="F76" captionText="Figure 76. Gymnopus sequoiae. Stipe apex structures. A Stipe medullary hyphae C Strongly incrusted cortical hyphae C Young caulocystidium with shagreened surface B, E Individual caulocystidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14620 (TENN-F- 69325)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115140" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">76B, D, E</figureCitation>
) 10-140 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9-13 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, arising from incrusted surface hyphae with somewhat constricted attachment, subventricose and usually tapering slightly distally, thick-walled (wall -2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, hyaline), often strangulate, often secondarily septate and/or clamped. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Caulocystidia from stipe base</emphasis>
, (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 77" captionStartId="F77" captionText="Figure 77. Gymnopus sequoiae. Lower stipe structures. A Stipe surface free-form cells with one caulocystidium B-F Individual caulocystidia showing broad-based origin and secondary septa. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14620 (TENN-F- 69325)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure77" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115141" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">77B-F</figureCitation>
) 25-170 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9-13 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, versiform, irregular in outline with obtuse apices; walls brown, evenly pigmented, -1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984925" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115137" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" start="Figure 73" startId="F73">
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Figure 73.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="R. H. Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus sequoiae" order="Agaricales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Gymnopus sequoiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pileipellis structures. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">A</emphasis>
Hyphae with subgelatinized walls in slime matrix 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">B</emphasis>
Clamp connection 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">C</emphasis>
Secondary septa. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14620 (TENN-F-69325).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984927" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115138" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" start="Figure 74" startId="F74">
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Figure 74.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="R. H. Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus sequoiae" order="Agaricales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Gymnopus sequoiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hymenial structures. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">A-D</emphasis>
Pleurocystidia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">E-H</emphasis>
Basidia. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14620 (TENN-F-69325).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984929" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure75" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115139" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" start="Figure 75" startId="F75">
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Figure 75.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="R. H. Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus sequoiae" order="Agaricales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Gymnopus sequoiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Cheilocystidia. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">A, B</emphasis>
Clusters of cheilocystidia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">C-F</emphasis>
Individual cheilocystidia. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14620 (TENN-F-69325).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984931" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115140" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" start="Figure 76" startId="F76">
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Figure 76.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="R. H. Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus sequoiae" order="Agaricales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Gymnopus sequoiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Stipe apex structures. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">A</emphasis>
Stipe medullary hyphae 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">C</emphasis>
Strongly incrusted cortical hyphae 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">C</emphasis>
Young caulocystidium with shagreened surface 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">B, E</emphasis>
Individual caulocystidia. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14620 (TENN-F-69325).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984933" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure77" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115141" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" start="Figure 77" startId="F77">
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Figure 77.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="R. H. Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus sequoiae" order="Agaricales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Gymnopus sequoiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Lower stipe structures. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">A</emphasis>
Stipe surface free-form cells with one caulocystidium 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">B-F</emphasis>
Individual caulocystidia showing broad-based origin and secondary septa. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14620 (TENN-F-69325).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<pageBreakToken pageId="90" pageNumber="91" start="start">Commentary</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
Care was taken to demonstrate all stages of basidiole maturation to demonstrate the difference between young basidioles and cheilocystidial structures. Basidioles are abundant over all of the lamellar surface and are subspherical at the ear 
<pageBreakToken pageId="91" pageNumber="92" start="start">liest</pageBreakToken>
stage, soon becoming broadly clavate and developing a subcapitulate upper portion. Basidia remain broadly clavate throughout spore development. Contents of such structures are consistently multigranular. Although cheilocystidia are similar in dimensions and appearance, contents are homogeneous (PhC), and such structures are found only at the lamellar edge. Conversely, pleurocystidial structures are fusiform from their earliest state, merely elongating to mature size and shape. Contents are homogeneous except for a vacuolated area in midsection (perhaps nucleus; PhC).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Caulocystidia arise as side branches of stipe surface, incrusted hyphae. Early stages of caulocystidial development often bear a shagreened surface but soon becoming smooth. A unique character is the frequent internal secondary septation, as well as occurrence of a clamp connection near caulocystidial origin.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">California</emphasis>
, 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="HDT 50541, TFB 14620" collectingDate="1982-11-13" collectingDateMax="2015-11-21" collectingDateMin="1982-11-13" collectorName="DE Desjardin, H. D. Thiers, Hwy, Mendocino Woodlands, D. E. Desjardin" county="Humboldt Co." determinerName="H. D. Thiers" latitude="41.21417" location="Redwood National Park" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-124.003334" municipality="Jackson State Forest" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty>Humboldt Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66EF70283D9F567F8E884BE8EC46328C:46E37CDC6323FEA818BBA7D89EF303B8" county="Humboldt Co." latitude="41.21417" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-124.003334" municipality="Jackson State Forest" name="Redwood National Park">Redwood National Park</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66EF70283D9F567F8E884BE8EC46328C:EC4279DD505F75DF578DDB1BFDD19F3F" county="Humboldt Co." latitude="41.21417" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-124.003334" municipality="Jackson State Forest" name="Davidson Rd.">Davidson Rd.</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="41.21417">N41°12'51&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="124" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-124.003334">W124°00'12&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1992-10-24">24.X.1992</collectingDate>
, coll &amp; det 
<collectorName>DE Desjardin</collectorName>
, DED 5546 (SFSU-F-025665); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66EF70283D9F567F8E884BE8EC46328C:9CC81C2152096A4C233ECD69CA308FFC" county="Humboldt Co." latitude="41.21417" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-124.003334" municipality="Jackson State Forest" name="Redwood National Park">Redwood National Park</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66EF70283D9F567F8E884BE8EC46328C:FD31AA577DF3298C9D342FFF33DA683B" county="Humboldt Co." latitude="41.21417" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-124.003334" municipality="Jackson State Forest" name="Davidson Rd.">Davidson Rd.</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="41.21417">N41°12'51&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="124" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-124.003334">W124°00'12&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1992-10-24">24.X.1992</collectingDate>
, coll &amp; det 
<collectorName>DE Desjardin</collectorName>
, DED 5546 (SFSU-F-025665); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66EF70283D9F567F8E884BE8EC46328C:53708830E602AB26BADBF6DF6C3CBB88" county="Humboldt Co." latitude="41.21417" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-124.003334" municipality="Jackson State Forest" name="Mendocino Co.">Mendocino Co.</location>
, vic. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66EF70283D9F567F8E884BE8EC46328C:7B4191E47F03732848720CA1A4BD1D4C" county="Humboldt Co." latitude="41.21417" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-124.003334" municipality="Jackson State Forest" name="Fort Bragg">Fort Bragg</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66EF70283D9F567F8E884BE8EC46328C:AC0F11D0AEA239044F9A80732E97F182" county="Humboldt Co." latitude="41.21417" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-124.003334" municipality="Jackson State Forest" name="Simpson Lane">Simpson Lane</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1986-09-28">28.IX.1986</collectingDate>
, coll &amp; det 
<collectorName>H.D.Thiers</collectorName>
, 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/HDT50541">HDT 50541</accessionNumber>
(SFSU-F-025669); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66EF70283D9F567F8E884BE8EC46328C:4B04D52421E547AA99A4B9F4EF9CFC3A" county="Humboldt Co." latitude="41.21417" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-124.003334" municipality="Jackson State Forest" name="Jackson State Forest">Jackson State Forest</location>
, 
<collectorName>Hwy</collectorName>
408 at junction with road to 
<collectorName>Mendocino Woodlands</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="2015-11-21">21.XI.2015</collectingDate>
, coll &amp; det 
<collectorName>DE Desjardin</collectorName>
, DED 8802/
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14620">TFB 14620</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-69325); 
<collectingMunicipality>Jackson State Forest</collectingMunicipality>
, along 
<collectorName>Hwy</collectorName>
409 car 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" unit="mi" value="1.0">1 mi</quantity>
from junction of 
<collectorName>Hwy</collectorName>
408, 
<collectingDate value="1995-11-18">18.XI.1995</collectingDate>
, coll &amp; det 
<collectorName>DE Desjardin</collectorName>
, DED 6316 (SFSU-F-025662); same loca 
<pageBreakToken pageId="92" pageNumber="93" start="start">tion</pageBreakToken>
, 
<collectingDate value="1982-11-13">13. Nov. 1982</collectingDate>
, DED 1740 (
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
); same location, 
<collectorName>Hwy</collectorName>
409, 
<collectingDate value="1990-12-13">13.XII.1990</collectingDate>
, coll &amp; det 
<collectorName>D.E. Desjardin</collectorName>
, DED 5023 (SFSU-F-025663); same location, &quot;Aleuria Glen,&quot; 
<collectingDate value="1990-10-29">29.X.1990</collectingDate>
, coll 
<determinerName>H.D. Thiers</determinerName>
, det 
<collectorName>D.E. Desjardin</collectorName>
, DED 5012 (SFSU-F-025668)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>