286 lines
36 KiB
XML
286 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" ID-PMC="PMC4233396" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-449-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" ID-PubMed="25408612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578570" ID-ZooBank="75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-449-1" checkinTime="1451245204622" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gondim, Anne Isabelley, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey & Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia" docDate="2014" docId="6672B98419525199A672BA9F56E30D83" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 449: 1-56" docOrigin="ZooKeys 449" docPubDate="2014-10-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" docTitle="Luidia alternata subsp. alternata alternata (Say 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1668159529239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">anneisabelley@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, CCBS, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratorio de Biologia Marinha, Campus I, Rua Baraunas, 351, Bairro Universitario, CEP 58429 - 500, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-10-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>449</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-449-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578570</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182234952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6672B98419525199A672BA9F56E30D83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6672B98419525199A672BA9F56E30D83" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName LSID="6672B984-1952-5199-A672-BA9F56E30D83" authority="alternata (Say, 1825)" authorityName="alternata (Say" authorityYear="1825" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia alternata subsp. alternata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="alternata" subSpecies="alternata">Luidia alternata alternata (Say, 1825)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia alternata alternata (A-D). A Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla B Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm; Luidia clathrata (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 3a-d</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Asterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asterias alternata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternata">Asterias alternata</taxonomicName>
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Say, 1825: 144-145.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia alternata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternata">Luidia alternata</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lütken">Luetken</normalizedToken>
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, 1859: 42-43.
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">Brito 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 12-13, pl. 3, fig. 4.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 8, fig. 24.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B138" refString="Tommasi, LR, Aron, MA, 1987. Equinodermes dos bancos submarinos da cadeia de montanhas Vitoria-Trindade. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 9" title="Equinodermes dos bancos submarinos da cadeia de montanhas Vitoria-Trindade." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1987">Tommasi and Aron 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 5.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B136" refString="Tommasi, LR, Castro,, SM, Sousa, EC, 1988. Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N/Oc. "Almirante Saldanha" no Atlantico Sul Ocidental. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 11" title="Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N / Oc. " Almirante Saldanha " no Atlantico Sul Ocidental." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1988">Tommasi et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 6.
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<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 236.
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<bibRefCitation author="Miranda, ALS" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="135 - 146" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" refId="B98" refString="Miranda, ALS, Lima, MLF, Sovierzoski, HH, Correia, MD, 2012. Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica 12: 135 - 146, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" title="Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas." url="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" volume="12" year="2012">Miranda et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: 9.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Valenciennes (MS) in Perrier" authorityYear="1869" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia granulosa" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granulosa">Luidia granulosa</taxonomicName>
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Perrier, 1869: 109-110, pl. 2, fig. 18.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia variegata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegata">Luidia variegata</taxonomicName>
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Perrier, 1875: 337.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1911" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia numidica" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="numidica">Luidia numidica</taxonomicName>
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Koehler, 1911: 3, pl. 1, figs 8-11.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bernasconi" authorityYear="1942" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia quequenensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="quequenensis">Luidia quequenensis</taxonomicName>
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Bernasconi, 1942: 253.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 8, fig. 23.
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<bibRefCitation author="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="51 - 130" publicationUrl="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" refId="B26" refString="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ, Tommasi, LR, 1977. Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N/Oc. "Prof. W. Besnard" para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 26: 51 - 130, DOI: 10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" title="Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N / Oc. " Prof. W. Besnard " para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul." url="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" volume="26" year="1977">Carrera-Rodriguez and Tommasi 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 62, 65.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1945" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia bernasconiae" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bernasconiae">Luidia bernasconiae</taxonomicName>
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A.H.Clark, 1945: 19-21.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1911" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia alternata subsp. var. var. numidica" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="alternata" subSpecies="var." variety="numidica">Luidia alternata var. numidica</taxonomicName>
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Madsen, 1950: 206-209, fig. 9.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1911" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia alternata subsp. numidica" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="alternata" subSpecies="numidica">Luidia alternata numidica</taxonomicName>
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A.M.Clark, 1953: 388-389, pl. 41, fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName authority="alternata" authorityName="alternata (Say" authorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia alternata subsp. alternata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="alternata" subSpecies="alternata">Luidia alternata alternata</taxonomicName>
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Clark & Downey, 1992: 8-9;
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<bibRefCitation author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="375 - 381" refId="B84" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Martins, LR, Alves, OFS, 2005. Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 40: 375 - 381" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia." volume="40" year="2005">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 63.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
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:
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.7666664">6°46'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.833332">34°50'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.877, 13.II.1981, 14m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.016667">7°01'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.683334">34°41'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.876, 13.II.1981, 24m; 7°04"S;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.683334">34°41'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.879, 16.II.1981, 22m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Dry Tortugas, Florida Keys, Florida (
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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)-Neotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Body pentagonal (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia alternata alternata (A-D). A Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla B Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm; Luidia clathrata (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3a, b</figureCitation>
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). Five elongate and thin arms. Abactinal surface with paxillae (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia alternata alternata (A-D). A Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla B Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm; Luidia clathrata (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3a</figureCitation>
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). Carinal paxillae smaller than adradial paxillae, with 1-4 blunt central spinelets and with one or two series of marginal spinelets, numbering 12-20 per series. One of the central spines is slightly longer than remaining spines. Paxillae rounded and arranged into regular transversal rows. Some adradial paxillae with one long, conical and pointed central spine (~1.90 mm) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia alternata alternata (A-D). A Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla B Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm; Luidia clathrata (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3c</figureCitation>
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). Inferomarginal fig with 1 or 2 long, thin spines (~1.76 mm), placed vertically and forming a well defined marginal row. Actinal surface with inferomarginal figs densely covered with spines of diverse shapes and sizes, there being 1-3 longer spines located centrally (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia alternata alternata (A-D). A Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla B Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm; Luidia clathrata (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3c, d</figureCitation>
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). Adambulacral fig with 4 spines placed vertically. The adambulacral spine is the smallest, being slightly curved and compressed. The two subambulacral spines are subequal in shape and size. A short spine is located laterally to the most external spine. Oral spines narrow and elongate. With bi, tri and tetravalvular pedicellariae on actinal surface (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia alternata alternata (A-D). A Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla B Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm; Luidia clathrata (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3b</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Some species of the family
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<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Luidiidae</taxonomicName>
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recorded in northeastern Brazil.
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<taxonomicName authority="alternata" authorityName="alternata (Say" authorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia alternata subsp. alternata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="alternata" subSpecies="alternata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia alternata alternata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(A-D)</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
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Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
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Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
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Abactinal view of the arm
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
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Actinal view of the arm;
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia clathrata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia clathrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(E-H)</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E</emphasis>
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Abactinal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">F</emphasis>
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Actinal view, in detail the mouth
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G</emphasis>
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Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H</emphasis>
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Actinal view of the arm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Colour.</emphasis>
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Abactinal surface white or cream-coloured, with dark transversal bands. The colour of these bands varies, and may be brown, black, green, or purple. Actinal surface whitish or beige.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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North Carolina, the Bahamas, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, Honduras, Puerto Rico, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bernasconi, I" journalOrPublisher="Physis" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B15" refString="Bernasconi, I, 1943. Los Asteroideos sulamericanos de la familia Luidiidae. In: Anales del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales.: 1 - 20" title="Los Asteroideos sulamericanos de la familia Luidiidae." volumeTitle="Anales del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales." year="1943">Bernasconi 1943</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Downey, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithson Contribution to Zoology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 168" publicationUrl="10.5479/si.00810282.126" refId="B39" refString="Downey, ME, 1973. Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithson Contribution to Zoology 126: 1 - 168, DOI: 10.5479/si.00810282.126" title="Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico." url="10.5479/si.00810282.126" volume="126" year="1973">Downey 1973</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Walenkamp, JHC" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 91" refId="B153" refString="Walenkamp, JHC, 1976. The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen 147: 1 - 91" title="The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam." volume="147" year="1976">Walenkamp 1976</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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|
,
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarado, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="37 - 55" refId="B4" refString="Alvarado, JJ, Solis-Marin, FA, Ahearn, C, 2008. Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56: 37 - 55" title="Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano." volume="56" year="2008">Alvarado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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|
). In Brazil from AL, BA, RJ, and SP (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B151" refString="Verrill, AE, 1915. Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa 7: 1 - 232" title="Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893." volume="7" year="1915">Verrill 1915</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="375 - 381" refId="B84" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Martins, LR, Alves, OFS, 2005. Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 40: 375 - 381" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia." volume="40" year="2005">
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|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2005
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Miranda, ALS" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="135 - 146" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" refId="B98" refString="Miranda, ALS, Lima, MLF, Sovierzoski, HH, Correia, MD, 2012. Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica 12: 135 - 146, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" title="Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas." url="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" volume="12" year="2012">Miranda et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). This is the first record of the species for the coast of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
|
|
. From 1 to 200 m in depth (Clark and Downey 2002), most common between 10 and 30 m.
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</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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|
The main characters distinguishing
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<taxonomicName authority="alternata" authorityName="alternata (Say" authorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia alternata subsp. alternata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="alternata" subSpecies="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia alternata alternata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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from the remaining species of the genus that occur in the Western Atlantic are their colour and the presence of long conical spines on the adradial paxillae. The abactinal colouration is distinctive. The nominal subspecies differs from its congeneric form
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1911" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia alternata subsp. numidica" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="alternata" subSpecies="numidica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia alternata numidica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Koehler, 1911, from West Africa, for attaining a larger size and for having longer paxillar spines.
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="157 - 184" refId="B32" refString="Clark, AM, 1982. Notes on Atlantic Asteroidea 2. Luidiidae. Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History 42: 157 - 184" title="Notes on Atlantic Asteroidea 2. Luidiidae." volume="42" year="1982">Clark (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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provided a good discussion on the synonymy of the nominal subspecies and designates a neotype. Specimens analysed in this study are young individuals that may attain 200 mm along its larger ray. Furthermore, our specimens presented no morphological variations, agreeing with the descriptions of this species. Despite not receiving much attention in recent taxonomic surveys, pedicellariae are an important taxonomic character to distinguish species of asteroids.
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="157 - 184" refId="B32" refString="Clark, AM, 1982. Notes on Atlantic Asteroidea 2. Luidiidae. Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History 42: 157 - 184" title="Notes on Atlantic Asteroidea 2. Luidiidae." volume="42" year="1982">Clark (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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furnished excellent illustrations of the species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1839" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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known from the Atlantic.
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="ecological notes">
|
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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|
This subspecies is primarily associated with sandy and muddy bottoms. It may also be found in mangroves or associated with fragments of shells and calcareous algae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Benavides-Serrato, M" journalOrPublisher="Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B12" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M, Borrero-Perez, GH, Dias Sanchez, CM, 2011. Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" title="Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea." year="2011">Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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|
). According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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, the subspecies does not occur in large numbers, but is often found among the accompanying fauna in trawling nets.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia alternata subsp. alterna" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="alternata" subSpecies="alterna">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia alternata alterna</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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is carnivorous, feeding on epifaunal organisms, especially other echinoderms.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |