treatments-xml/data/65/E5/58/65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="61372" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9007242a-2b0e-416a-89c9-27029f4c2a64" ID-PMC="PMC9849048" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-197-81" ID-Pensoft-UUID="37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112" ID-PubMed="36760671" ModsDocID="1314-2003-197-81" checkinTime="1653995772258" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel &amp; Lagomarsino, Laura P." docDate="2022" docId="65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 197: 81-148" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 197" docPubDate="2022-05-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367" docTitle="Virola cumala D. Santam. 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112" masterDocTitle="New Species of Virola (Myristicaceae) from South America" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1732937733806" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7CCCCA10845F203C6C32EAF4609417F9">New Species of Virola (Myristicaceae) from South America</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="793C55D40A5ECFFF47961CC9645FDEF7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A8EEDF63DB4F3533E46285738D92A6E8">
<mods:roleTerm id="2520DEBD10C70384DE167B85690BAB66">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D49E46A38F144C294311754A674D944B">Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="94C08900B66998A14AEFCFC32C7565DE" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6339-8250</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C4D4D3225F7EE5ECBEC1F3B7A7E638F1">Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 103 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 - 1705, USA &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2DA958B77B87C4229F9ADDDCAF2729D8" type="email">daniel.santamaria366@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="300A700EE3BE8E8E63BEE396E4F40CFF">Lagomarsino, Laura P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AF07D900CF134328384A84A809178239">Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 103 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 - 1705, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="9F93DC3D6E3CD4B95C1DD2E048629663">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="BB3F2C40C6A3828F89D5CAB59B405650">
<mods:date id="BB663130B8D46BFC8DE07C9A8B0DE741">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="834C12C3F7A7D692F5FE0FD95ED507CE">2022-05-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CC744B7462055E267F4387FB1A78EB81">197</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9B8C459F1F2E888324B2A8DA5FA7CC3E">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D59DA8121235F9F100E89D5684EB34CE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3AE669F9AFF8CDDAEBBDA0220D1B56A8" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="24200BCE57BE3A785634BE5147BA360E" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-197-81</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195703436" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" scope_family="Myristicaceae">
<subSubSection id="148A999D593C7DA10B7B739A275A9E27" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D5A83FB774A14B64FC233E67014B38D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
6. 
<taxonomicName id="2A581D3612556989029EF57B21F66187" LSID="65E558C6-A5BD-56A9-B118-3B820488EF64" authority="D. Santam." authorityName="D. Santam." authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="cumala" status="sp. nov.">Virola cumala D. Santam.</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="33C1DA7362BA820731D62F8390C07515" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="29D08780159F67C034BCC283DB333997" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1E27EF0E630C1D84558747A49288BCF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<typeStatus id="8F2A8F53B35319FE259A3A45564547CA">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BAA8CB134A33AA969E0622FA42CFEBB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation id="F8DB4FCD589CFE1F41263F7A28ED10BE" collectingDate="1994-09-09" collectorName="N. Jaramillo, R. Apanu, G. Apanu, Fig." country="Peru" county="Bagua" elevation="320" latitude="-4.9166665" location="Region Nororiental del Maranon" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Imaza" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="81AECD60FA8FC2CFEF62FAD685A6A52D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectingCountry id="B0B2E54B065B91090B65E38D7EBAB804" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="29A8C0138D8C7123585B1E71D19BC2B0" country="Peru" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCounty id="9A7DD58887363BA927D2FDFBDB484A23">Bagua</collectingCounty>
, distrito 
<collectingMunicipality id="A92BA60A1CE00EB52A7C8753FAA17067">Imaza</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="1BD6D812A245C920A5A854D190B0AE7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:1BD6D812A245C920A5A854D190B0AE7F" country="Peru" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Imaza" name="Region Nororiental del Maranon" stateProvince="Amazonas">
<normalizedToken id="C419848CE52B391F1877BD2CE4D020B7" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
Nororiental del 
<normalizedToken id="44687A8D9433F3078F2739879FA6DED4" originalValue="Marañón">Maranon</normalizedToken>
</location>
, 
<location id="355A1CC0BB2ADA31BE45B034A2F72E98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:355A1CC0BB2ADA31BE45B034A2F72E98" country="Peru" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Imaza" name="Comunidad de Kampaenza" stateProvince="Amazonas">Comunidad de Kampaenza</location>
, 
<location id="9B4296B5589DD80F69EE79360AAC2E22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:9B4296B5589DD80F69EE79360AAC2E22" country="Peru" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Imaza" name="Ribera" stateProvince="Amazonas">Ribera</location>
de la quebrada 
<location id="28244F724270D091D8454EB2D9648AAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:28244F724270D091D8454EB2D9648AAC" country="Peru" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Imaza" name="Shimutaz" stateProvince="Amazonas">Shimutaz</location>
, 
<location id="C37F0C42E57CDB06978913579BB59CAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:C37F0C42E57CDB06978913579BB59CAB" country="Peru" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Imaza" name="Rio Maranon" stateProvince="Amazonas">
<normalizedToken id="B31C8174565A5352377AE949519713C7" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7AAC90098905E2EBB8D6EEDE5DD17F32" originalValue="Marañón">Maranon</normalizedToken>
</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="F41E948367EE6AEBF56C8A16E40EC6F4" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.9166665">04°55'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="425F0BE32E26554CDA0040A630F54C7F" degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.316666">078°19'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="2ED064B68A11F86033002023212054E3" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="320.0">
<elevation id="493CB400999D5C66880AB1B54540972B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="9A1FA9B2FBFE3AACBDA9A11411BE8DA6" value="1994-09-09">09 Sep 1994</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis id="20D84154BFEE5D86F5C1D3612821A82A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName id="EDA27CCED5345EAD23347051D39B4914">N. Jaramillo</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="F68EE9E919D6A53F05B7735747BC6322">R. Apanu</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="436190C0396A5032452125007437EAF6">G. Apanu</collectorName>
388
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="E501A4A5FECAA5F3D32A50182F511FF2">holotype</typeStatus>
: MO! [accession 5096935, barcode MO-254989]; isotypes: UPCB [n.v.]). 
<collectorName id="A2A346AA7494E0BDCA3F04E1B12C33D9">Fig.</collectorName>
<figureCitation id="AE59876E519B9D978FA66AB9FC08B9D8" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Virola cumala A branch with leaf blades, with detail of abaxial surface showing trichomes and tertiary venation B part of staminate inflorescence C lateral view of staminate perianth with detail of trichomes (top) D medial section of staminate flower and androecium (right) E fruits with detail of trichomes (left), and open fruit showing seed covered with laciniate aril. Drawn by Bobbi Angell based on R. Vasquez &amp; C. A. Grandez 17532 (A-D MO), and N. Jaramillo et al. 388 (E MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688799" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">11</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="1197097E4AEDC4E7BF4D36E6EF7721D1" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688799" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph id="12FAB5A55CCCAF3E9D50017286E04079" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="03FAD3B507EF4A8806BAB6D8D00A105E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AA008691A1CA4A3E822340AB7526656" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="E66A60810E6B086E3EA93792196E8A18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C92F1FC01462FA33FC8C87CBD966F3B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
branch with leaf blades, with detail of abaxial surface showing trichomes and tertiary venation 
<emphasis id="56442320A0ABA831DA95FFF38A7228BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
part of staminate inflorescence 
<emphasis id="C47E916C0E8F76F848191C72860DA044" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C</emphasis>
lateral view of staminate perianth with detail of trichomes (top) 
<emphasis id="28195A69862319970242F3C29FB32029" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">D</emphasis>
medial section of staminate flower and androecium (right) 
<emphasis id="BF7380F83D80D074EA9483B1D0229628" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">E</emphasis>
fruits with detail of trichomes (left), and open fruit showing seed covered with laciniate aril. Drawn by Bobbi Angell based on 
<emphasis id="23EAA7B769712B8A54F7FC743C34D6E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
R. 
<normalizedToken id="65BF5A0AA2A462C3FF688F5A84A1FB49" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
&amp; C. A. 
<normalizedToken id="9C03F8DFE95EB5CF03DF7A1B7A3ECB56" originalValue="Grández">Grandez</normalizedToken>
17532
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="699167E3000D17EBEE7E83920806CFA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A-D</emphasis>
MO), and 
<emphasis id="29CA57E56AD5C846BE82F95B2296B512" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">N. Jaramillo et al. 388</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="39F6233EAD0D7E709CDF4BAED1465288" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">E</emphasis>
MO).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FCAFD9CA92783A3C397FA91D85F440D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D151A881319DD8197A8077CF757A74DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="22CC82326C3B383D87984B9D77E248E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="D4857CD5662B9045CDACBD15105E7436" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="FBE5DAE41FA89D5F52843752F699DDED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="DEECB3654F9B1994D09D876D225E71B8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. decorticans" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decorticans">
<emphasis id="2A57E468084AC5B242AC057043A92CD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. decorticans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="38AF5F4BBBCE5A8CC669E0700D005BDE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. multinervia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multinervia">
<emphasis id="A0C17866FA57B1557EA87D276677377F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. multinervia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; all these species have large leaves, numerous lateral veins, dense indument of dendritic brown to ferruginous trichomes in almost all parts of the plant, and large fruits. Morphologically, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="F69682CD68034183F87C2BFBD4659E8F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. decorticans" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decorticans">
<emphasis id="0A78408EE0A5A6EFE911FFF915229755" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. decorticans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having leaf blade on upper surface glabrous (vs. pubescent), the staminate perianth is subcarnose, without lines or dots (vs. submembranous, and with lines), long filament column (0.5-0.7 mm vs. 0.3-0.4 mm), and anthers (0.7-0.9 mm vs. 0.5-0.6 mm), and narrow fruits (2.3-2.9 cm vs. 1.7-2.2 cm). It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="192B22DB9D03E14BAAEDECC795A48FBB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. multinervia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multinervia">
<emphasis id="41242D928183AE28C1DD8CDB888F7D48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. multinervia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the staminate perianth subcarnose (vs. membranous), densely pubescent on all the surface (vs. glabrous or pubescent only at the base and apex), long anthers (0.7-0.9 mm vs. 0.3-0.4 mm), and large fruit (2.3-2.9 cm vs. 1.5-2.5 cm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="703E2E19CFCA0CE8477DB44894168135" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="E56B2A3DD76694AB06DE68C329B80900" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tree</emphasis>
15-35 m 
<normalizedToken id="1BBBA01546099A61C6AA52E8E9241232" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
38 cm diameter; 
<emphasis id="22A1F0199708603D61B2E0C12BACB778" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">inner bark</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="2283CDC75CDF0AE739D1DE5D856D7A47" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">exudate</emphasis>
not described. 
<emphasis id="6E2280AE038B98AA5591186361CA6E70" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Twigs</emphasis>
0.52-1.2 cm thick, laterally flattened to angled, densely tomentose, trichomes dendritic, branched from the base (1-2 mm long) with short lateral branches (0.1-0.2 mm long), brown, sometimes the bark in mature twigs cracks and flakes in small pieces. 
<emphasis id="BC8DF18A3E83BD404A02CADE5643F56B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Leaves</emphasis>
young terminal bud 2-2.5 
<normalizedToken id="95FEE5244AE734928A5ECB17A64D8C7F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.6-2 cm; petiole 0.9-2.2 
<normalizedToken id="98D0DE172D0021BE720FD69EB88D84DF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.43-0.9 cm, strongly canaliculate, densely pubescent, trichomes dendritic; leaf blades 33.1-50.7 (-56.5) 
<normalizedToken id="5FA85F1EBE190B65A9C49214D7D4DA71" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(9.5-) 11.7-15.5 cm, elliptic-oblong to elliptic to obovate, sometimes gradually tapering towards the base; adaxial surface of mature leaves (usually) drying brown to dark grayish, glabrous, smooth; abaxial surface drying brown to pale brown, densely pubescent, the trichomes dendritic, yellowish to pale brown, shortly pediculated (branched almost at the base), with 5-8 branches, the branch 0.3-0.7 mm long, persistent; lateral veins 49-65 per side, with 5-7 (-11) veins per 5 cm, spaced 0.4-1.1 cm apart, the same color as the adaxial surface or sometimes slightly contrasting in color, impressed, on abaxial surface the same color as the surface, very conspicuous and raised, slightly straight to arcuate distally, anastomosing very near the margin, forming an intramarginal vein; tertiary veins slightly prominent adaxially, very prominent abaxially; midvein adaxially flat, pubescent, abaxially raised, rounded, pubescent; base cordate to subcordate, not revolute, flat; margin flat; apex acute to cuspidate. 
<emphasis id="D47000A33911CA830870A53EC845A624" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Staminate inflorescences</emphasis>
7.5-12 cm long, axes slightly flattened at the apex of the defoliated branches, densely pubescent, the trichomes dendritic (1-1.6 mm long), ferruginous; peduncle 1.3-1.5 
<normalizedToken id="7808EB346C9875D528593EF23438DC4A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.34-0.47 cm; bracts 0.4-0.7 
<normalizedToken id="A52C8047EDD9D583EB6953B5A7EAAEBF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.2-0.4 cm, ovate, sometimes triangular, with 3 vertical lines, pubescent on both sides, caducous. 
<emphasis id="4C440F0948184D791FC5C1B55C5DB2D8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Staminate flower</emphasis>
not very dense, terminal fascicles of 13-21+ flowers, on a receptacle ca. 2 mm wide; pedicel 1.5-2 mm long, pubescent; perianth 2-3 mm long, elongate, subcarnose, brown when fresh, connate to 0.6-1 mm in length, external surface densely pubescent with brown trichomes, internal surface glabrous; lobes 3, 1.1-1.5 
<normalizedToken id="130C439B7EC8CBF5471FFD9DF292E9AA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4-0.6 mm, 0.1-0.2 mm thick, without resinous punctuations when rehydrated; stamens 3, the filament column 0.5-0.7 mm long and 0.1-.0.2 mm wide, thin, straight, not constricted at the apex; anthers 0.7-0.9 mm long, and ca. 0.2 mm wide; apiculus inconspicuous or obtuse. 
<emphasis id="F6118DD4C3814B094EBC7EE5D45AC4D6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Pistillate inflorescences</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="03C51C675C5D4D5243DE54CA016A8F2C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">flowers</emphasis>
not seen. 
<emphasis id="3123FEB884C1B2A1A862FDECAF26992B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Infructescence</emphasis>
3.5-5.5 cm long, with 1-3 fruits, peduncle 1-2.7 
<normalizedToken id="F61A375995BFCB9384FF9A303FA72102" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4-07 cm. 
<emphasis id="8042F49BBE51EF12D2D78DD2AC9001DD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Fruits</emphasis>
3-3.5 
<normalizedToken id="2A908E7477F747D696089ECA04BA1376" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.3-2.9 cm, brown (possibly by the indumentum) when fresh, rounded to ellipsoid, densely and persistently pubescent with a layer of trichomes of 1-2.3 mm thick, the trichomes dendritic, brown to ferruginous, the surface not seen, the line of dehiscence not carinate, the base and apex obtuse; pericarp 3-6 mm thick; pedicel ca. 0.5 mm long. 
<emphasis id="559DBB12E47FB1D1BEA54DBC580E3D50" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Seed</emphasis>
(1.9-) 2.3-2.5 
<normalizedToken id="4334E862641A05A40DCE1CC637DE4CE1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(0.8-) 1.1-1.9 cm, the testa pale brown to brown reddish when dry, grooved (
<emphasis id="00C1C0A2C7811F03256178A053500CD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">N. Jaramillo 550</emphasis>
), aril when fresh not described, brown to blackish when dry, the texture dry and thin, laciniate in very narrow bands, almost to the base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21A85714A4508B2DE10839C29A36BF73" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph id="FE83D5A6ACF98F4AD6F82F67442F331A" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distinctive characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58403AE64B8BC16D9B04CBAEF1DDA420" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The most distinctive characteristic of 
<taxonomicName id="8B197AED67DB7C1D96077D6B2E4D68D8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="81D4E1B08B5085F8ADA93E77C77BA520" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the dense indument of dendritic brown to ferruginous trichomes that cover almost all parts of the plant. Vegetatively, this species also has large leaves with numerous lateral veins that are prominent (including the tertiary veins, especially below), thick twigs, and bark that sometimes cracks and flakes into small pieces. Further, the staminate flowers have a subcarnose perianth that is densely and uniformly pubescent outside and glabrous inside with narrow lobes, a filament column that is straight and similar in length to the anthers, and large fruits that are covered with a thick layer of trichomes, thick pericarp, and a seed covered by an aril that is laciniate in very narrow bands almost to the base (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="3E54DC65E742F4CD89B5525C4211147B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diversity of fruits from Virola species that have numerous and close lateral veins, notice the shape, indument, and pericarp thickness A V. caducifolia (W. Rodrigues &amp; D. Coelho 8700, MO) B V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) C V. crebrinervia (N. A. Rosa 4446, NY) D V. cumala (C. Gra [n] dez et al. 4919, MO) E V. decorticans (C. A. Cid Ferreira et al. 9961, MO) F V. koschnyi (L. D. Gomez et al. 22725, MO) G V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) H V. multinervia (C. A. Sothers &amp; E. D. C. Pereira 1069, MO) I V. multicosta (R. Vasquez &amp; C. Grandez 17507, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688800" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">12D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DB4F28AA75AF819794AB60BE2E8F5909" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688800" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="9C4791E195F43C3AF3D478B760F3B0FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="BA7D157D4F5CBC46665A5332B71663F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Diversity of fruits from 
<taxonomicName id="523667C6C2AEE7BFEB3C2EC42460F365" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="151AC4FB8045B8E84ABA2E68AB32D406" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species that have numerous and close lateral veins, notice the shape, indument, and pericarp thickness 
<emphasis id="732A65BBD3EB444573FB7D67366F5ED2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CE1B7FB6C269DBC062F81558EC986959" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. caducifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caducifolia">
<emphasis id="53B7AC782CFC59BF717B221A1F045FE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. caducifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="66348EE64D073F551FA0B1AA2FA183CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
W. Rodrigues &amp; D. 
<normalizedToken id="BCCFBA51EAB615C7F552911BF98C24C3" originalValue="Coêlho">Coelho</normalizedToken>
8700
</emphasis>
, MO) 
<emphasis id="8255D67FE061EAE6FA474C688493A8DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="696471F7333FCD37D9FD4A12306D93F9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. chrysocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysocarpa">
<emphasis id="09B529C4EA26482A24E5C9DB038F7BB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. chrysocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="466A0CFC456A6101D9FD48E86001A378" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">B. Hammel et al. 16864</emphasis>
, MO) 
<emphasis id="25B8F0FA236029E3923AE669CD09ADA5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A3FA8A0018646CCE01BFA3558C70D455" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. crebrinervia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crebrinervia">
<emphasis id="B08DE7DD995221A8584DEFBF73D16BCF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. crebrinervia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0C475B363966E9CC6CC9F62EC089A540" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
N. A. 
<taxonomicName id="66C4E4DCBBFC29AEC862F848D9818FBA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rosa" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rosa</taxonomicName>
4446
</emphasis>
, NY) 
<emphasis id="78A7FF5824F28B83C8E5B3FEA36D3D26" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="099566B9D8FA3E72B3BC4E0EE605E04C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="261126855E0B3981F248FDEE8B2749BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="9D1E74BD98307836D233FB9C6732BBAE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
C. 
<normalizedToken id="B8DD6FD29CA581D945CCF67F10C12312" originalValue="Grá">Gra</normalizedToken>
[n]dez et al. 4919
</emphasis>
, MO) 
<emphasis id="664AD49885EA1C1B83A48C32643085C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7289E9485135D94EA9DE0B5769CB7E4F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. decorticans" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decorticans">
<emphasis id="0F13918408FD9327445C651AD646D582" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. decorticans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="A5B98B5945101E62E6D0742FFB6038AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. A. Cid Ferreira et al. 9961</emphasis>
, MO) 
<emphasis id="31B9489D2BA97C93553D2FD4F5DC6D67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ECE8E4B386CA958D2BBCDD7CB11FEB2B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. koschnyi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koschnyi">
<emphasis id="2F9B24C97FA5DCE61555ADBF9ABE574A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. koschnyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="566A9C29A1A047D1BBCFE1E916185771" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
L. D. 
<normalizedToken id="B71D59236EAEBA0C04B0215D03260016" originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
et al. 22725
</emphasis>
, MO) 
<emphasis id="F7938A9A6664171174A21A2594A1EA08" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7A472E446F4201A6E6749A3FCF00D43D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpa">
<emphasis id="A4C44F2D6445E72F29DB81E5E675D29B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. megacarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="3138AAD736E510B220601B0CA8DD84D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">G. de Nevers 5184</emphasis>
, MO) 
<emphasis id="FD0AF4105CC4D55CAB5B418655BB4E30" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FB932724D065AF80681A8769B92C7EE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. multinervia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multinervia">
<emphasis id="E6F50FDE4B4A09D673ADF33F0D84089E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. multinervia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="5934DAE08314DA2E90BED3B414353BFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. A. Sothers &amp; E. D. C. Pereira 1069</emphasis>
, MO) 
<emphasis id="EEA04BAB238921D8AD944E5E09D3D067" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8C856602C56783ED7B887DFF9E93591F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. multicosta" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multicosta">
<emphasis id="19BE76FE043F374AAEAF4639C4C13F37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. multicosta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="904CD2C94D403DF168BDDCF940695B27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
R. 
<normalizedToken id="4310519510EB60AE0B85452E2684A62C" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
&amp; C. 
<normalizedToken id="6F8D24B5FFC126537F802312C3DFD68A" originalValue="Grández">Grandez</normalizedToken>
17507
</emphasis>
, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7BD6D3FF7D4D71032A6AF829B4A51F82" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E3250AA8F961A4C608B203A2A8136959" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C2D64415CBB2ABA8695D14D38C1F0856" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The specific epithet is taken from the common name on the label of 
<emphasis id="F01F2451CF1690B0A333CF771BFA07C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
R. 
<normalizedToken id="47F31D32436907EDDDD7C9AF47E95470" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
&amp; N. Jaramillo 7879
</emphasis>
, MO). This common name is often used in Peru to refer to various species of 
<taxonomicName id="869205BFE9A468B58B03CCB99C17CBEF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F29723C8DEACFC67BD96404E86D46A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well to other species in 
<taxonomicName id="31599C196865A234A5374A46CAD59DAF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Otoba" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Otoba" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D96A735CCCB7A28CD2ECE406C3A7FBA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Otoba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A. DC.) H. Karst., 
<taxonomicName id="09F8C69A1573F6D7FBF92107179C49B7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Iryanthera" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Iryanthera" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EDA1C79C5E1BAECDC8AAAE06835B84D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Iryanthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A. DC.) Warb., and 
<taxonomicName id="ECD2329AA36C14375E215B5FBA42DE95" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Osteophloeum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Osteophloeum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D63A12CD99CD7F237C2467A8F6F2F858" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Osteophloeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Warb. (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="7596E483117F5A5B3975C80DBBC31476" author="Vasquez Martinez, R" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 1046" refId="B84" refString="Vasquez Martinez, R, 1997. Florula de las Reservas Biologicas de Iquitos, Peru: Allpahuayo-Mishana, Explornapo Camp, Explorama Lodge. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 63: 1 - 1046" title="Florula de las Reservas Biologicas de Iquitos, Peru: Allpahuayo-Mishana, Explornapo Camp, Explorama Lodge." volume="63" year="1997">
<normalizedToken id="13AAD4AAAA64665C4B50FEB387B3C465" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="65F64FE2CA591D368682627953C8BF63" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E57C473E514DADE72F763239744B5165" DOI="https://doi.org/10.22386/ca.v7i1.261" author="Zarate-Gomez, R" journalOrPublisher="Ciencia Amazonica (Iquitos)" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 19" refId="B91" refString="Zarate-Gomez, R, Reynel Rodriguez, C, Palacios Vega, J, Rios Paredes, M, Perez Romero, M, Ceron Villanueva, J, 2019. Guia para la identificacion de las especies de cumala colorada (Iryanthera Warb., Myristicaceae) de la Amazonia Peruana. Ciencia Amazonica (Iquitos) 7: 1 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22386/ca.v7i1.261" title="Guia para la identificacion de las especies de cumala colorada (Iryanthera Warb., Myristicaceae) de la Amazonia Peruana." url="https://doi.org/10.22386/ca.v7i1.261" volume="7" year="2019">
<normalizedToken id="7947AEFC3A26F4B875BA1EBEEF20F40C" originalValue="Zárate-Gómez">Zarate-Gomez</normalizedToken>
et al. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9D5A9C781F13550C2334E9D7C370955E" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BE5E681082F6909552972E1A4885FD49" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8A6F7FC187B29284F96F163B0A5CA3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="76D33BB3B17F665AC528407572F48C25" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="061EBFAA39F235621B198597BFA7E172" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from Peru (in the Amazonas, Loreto, and Pasco departments) (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="8CD66432712CBEB7CC8A607E81BB5F7A" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Geographic distribution of the new species of Virola." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688806" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">18C</figureCitation>
). It occurs in primary forests in non-inundated, lateritic soil. It ranges in elevation from 120-320 m, although one collection from Pasco reaches 700-800 m (
<emphasis id="CD545817FC713F0D1D537174E70FC7DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">H. van der Werff 20095)</emphasis>
. It is possible that this species also occurs in Ecuador, as some collections were made close to the border of Peru and Ecuador.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FD17EF957A16C1E9A76B7D0E449C5C03" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="1B44CE3FE3D950721436DA2497E2DB13" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="815675DDD930F7C3C7355ACB097510C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Staminate flowers of 
<taxonomicName id="B06C12352D7B29735697C171A9369EB0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="E3ABF609054ACCD0AB98C2A9864115D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been recorded in July; pistillate flowers were not seen in the studied material. Fruits have been collected in May, August to October, and December.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81514E007C9665D25200EA19F57197A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="common name and uses">
<paragraph id="25E246F8DD615C366CDD71B6C417D4F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Common name and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="971714C4443BF90311E253BB1C5FFC97" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Cumala negra (Peru; 
<emphasis id="0ABE356A3B0EC60FE6A5358B3335BC68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
R. 
<normalizedToken id="42913DBD4739893FCA91796182889259" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
&amp; N. Jaramillo 7879
</emphasis>
, MO).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D64E4F092964385E554FB8A6B15E7E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="C0BFE054899F3BE4BCB667A184EE0FAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE6D9D232AC62E46D1A89C4737278387" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="AEA6C5C1D8CA865F12B68712DF5D5841" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="E58243A37CCD3B2D460F7F373D736C72" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is Endangered following IUCN criterion B2a. It is known from five localities, has an EOO of 219,024 km2, and an AOO of 20 km2. Justifying its status, the western Amazonian region where this species occurs is modeled to be modestly impacted by new road construction, a threat that is likely to be superseded by the development of oil palm plantations in the region (
<bibRefCitation id="24390B10B0B833C381AF185E149B8B5C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152058" author="Arima, EY" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B5" refString="Arima, EY, 2016. A spatial probit econometric model of land change: The case of infrastructure development in Western Amazonia, Peru. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0152058. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152058" title="A spatial probit econometric model of land change: The case of infrastructure development in Western Amazonia, Peru. PLoS ONE 11 (3): e 0152058." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152058" year="2016">Arima 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0725BBEB07C42A11A3F68AF995DC84D" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A70753AD4DABA191A8FFC05BB0204DB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F042EB5BA6E1C014D10C118A554DD11" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="6CB86E0BC6461614DE92C8D399399556" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="44684D2FD13B1DDFA9DCEB487674FA59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found among a morphological group of 
<emphasis id="B5EDC68E3244A8541DF3944B6B7799B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">ca.</emphasis>
17 species (personal count) that correspond to the group Rugolosae of 
<bibRefCitation id="FAF7BC121AA3C6CCC97ECDFA5F4C2352" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" author="Smith, AC" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="393 - 510" refId="B74" refString="Smith, AC, Wodehouse, RP, 1938. The American species of Myristicaceae. Brittonia 2 (5): 393 - 510, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" title="The American species of Myristicaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" volume="2" year="1938">Smith and Wodehouse (1938)</bibRefCitation>
. Generally, this group is characterized by leaves with numerous, closely adjacent lateral veins, percurrent tertiary veins that are usually conspicuous, cordate bases, and dendritic trichomes; staminate inflorescences often with large bracts that cover flowers; staminate flowers that are small and usually densely aggregated with membranous to sub membranous perianth, the tube almost split to the base, and a slender filament column. Within this group, the new species is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="922100D2C055EA78A491A11BE3E41B7D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. decorticans" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decorticans">
<emphasis id="DC9FE8B800DFD476102841E16CB6BE46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. decorticans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ducke and 
<taxonomicName id="49900BAA3677C5162575F121F7307847" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. multinervia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multinervia">
<emphasis id="11B09D806D6C2D2173CE28D9F1926054" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. multinervia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ducke, both from South America, and 
<taxonomicName id="92EEAFF46B19750A107387B6943D6B63" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpa">
<emphasis id="94369CB482F31CD4D852BBC51D448B51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. megacarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A. H. Gentry from Panama. All four species have large leaves, numerous lateral veins, dense indument of dendritic brown to ferruginous trichomes in almost all parts of the plant, large fruits with a thick layer of trichomes (thin in 
<taxonomicName id="4E4EE989F2251C9B12D08942E247F1F1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpa">
<emphasis id="CD0FCBA3E081BDFCE6490DF95E472C7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. megacarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and thick pericarp. 
<taxonomicName id="62985CECF2B528255990CDA44FDCE50F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="311233F07555E1748447C1270247B76E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further shares bark that cracks and flakes into small pieces and the thick young terminal bud of leaves. These species are distinguished by the characteristics presented in Table 
<tableCitation id="CE514145B1A55084BDB72C32698E461D" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="T8" captionText="Table 8. Comparison of Virola cumala, with three other morphologically closely related Virola species. ‡‡ From Rodrigues (1980). Perianth information for V. decorticans is from C. Grandez et al. 2525, MO), and fruits from C. A. Cid Ferreira 7307, 9961, MO); while those of perianth, filament column and anthers presented for V. multinervia are from C. A. Cid Ferreira et at. 7537, MO; W. Rodrigues &amp; D. Coelho 9617, MO; J. E. L. S. Ribeiro 1249, MO; and W. Thomas et al. 5239, MO)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/043BD96F88CAEA6886C489BE0CC38F94" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="043BD96F88CAEA6886C489BE0CC38F94">8</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="043BD96F88CAEA6886C489BE0CC38F94" ID-Table-UUID="043BD96F88CAEA6886C489BE0CC38F94" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/043BD96F88CAEA6886C489BE0CC38F94" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Table 8" startId="T8">
<paragraph id="F800D93AE7120E5AB98E4F4A098C3C3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="7E10178575D6C0D88DB822EC591D4B3A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Table 8.</emphasis>
Comparison of 
<taxonomicName id="7784BB1E29C55986EC948B3B0D8E28BD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="FE4DC006E46C37E51EBA52FB376B7220" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with three other morphologically closely related 
<taxonomicName id="CF63B0C2CFA079CD637952315C6E89F7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BD331CFF46313BC204F92F37FF9E66BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. ‡‡From 
<bibRefCitation id="2B138E1D6C84B26860907BEB70943211" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672006000100001" author="Rodrigues, WA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 127" refId="B58" refString="Rodrigues, WA, 1980. Revisao taxonomica das especies de Virola Aublet (Myristicaceae) do Brasil. Acta Amazonica 10 (1): 1 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672006000100001" title="Revisao taxonomica das especies de Virola Aublet (Myristicaceae) do Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672006000100001" volume="10" year="1980">Rodrigues (1980)</bibRefCitation>
. Perianth information for 
<taxonomicName id="7C985EC24EC5E0752D398AA7C6B43ADB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. decorticans" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decorticans">
<emphasis id="2616661C30D5B4BA6587CA42F0C4AC15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. decorticans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is from 
<emphasis id="94288C16045795E587B7A7EBFBBB2B3C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
C. 
<normalizedToken id="FE5E7C02DF6E08B19E92F484507CA85A" originalValue="Grández">Grandez</normalizedToken>
et al. 2525
</emphasis>
, MO), and fruits from 
<emphasis id="D954661D72B2E41E730F63E9D790B841" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. A. Cid Ferreira 7307, 9961</emphasis>
, MO); while those of perianth, filament column and anthers presented for 
<taxonomicName id="2520AF07E9E07C71B8082D69DC595944" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. multinervia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multinervia">
<emphasis id="1FA0D2C8E7BD8FCB3243AF0924000B89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. multinervia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are from 
<emphasis id="9D078F8D0332E9D3AE7B2F34DF8D6E6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. A. Cid Ferreira et at. 7537</emphasis>
, MO; 
<emphasis id="A3F09CF621231D040657A1D32F3D6373" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">W. Rodrigues &amp; D. Coelho 9617</emphasis>
, MO; 
<emphasis id="7795F0B91C5E6485DDA456A1457307FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">J. E. L. S. Ribeiro 1249</emphasis>
, MO; and 
<emphasis id="160ABD7854EA706396BD6B9B0A098ACD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">W. Thomas et al. 5239</emphasis>
, MO).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3E8C566DFA56A76D20F13EBBE91D990B" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<table id="04A94CB91F2EE3D3630B30376E735314" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<tr id="84BDC0E81F582570CD305E69BD42BAA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<th id="32A754BDD506FE8E807FBBB4B3947A62" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Morphological character</th>
<th id="54EBDCEBCABF10C4EAB89B63B41E79E6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="405B3777A9E817E33C23F7E7DAA12820" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="CD19484791E60CDDB5BAB55A2DDF7D2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="BD22D05A1D9D6608BA576B15B3703704" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="1ED3764CB38BE512176F52581E379B70" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. decorticans" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decorticans">
<emphasis id="FD484C403E7DF41734914493498E6467" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. decorticans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="CCFB3F71858D2251435111298D16D5D1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="335850A39A775D8698AA3D717A03FF3B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpa">
<emphasis id="4151840E780BC3C3B1B7DE223D5A3959" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. megacarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="F3B6CFAE80FD04997A981F42E02590A0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="F660F2F1BC2BBF68A04308D61E746612" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. multinervia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multinervia">
<emphasis id="4222BCADC2E52C79DD9E5ACBB3B5188B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. multinervia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3E845EDBAA8511CAB42550A98395F27F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td id="312AAAAC30CC70629CC69BA7C0677388" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Leaf blade upper surface</td>
<td id="415363E98015D20747E163FCC2549683" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Glabrous</td>
<td id="36A13AB54E5DB2B3A9826E73C608EE77" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Pubescent</td>
<td id="E921728FEBA2E72C5253FC866958691C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Glabrous</td>
<td id="2CA660E46C1CE493AA5BEE4F9FC76B56" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Glabrous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3CC411BA6908986F26FE1A0A56C83D81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td id="92F7175FDF284C7F435DFB2477647506" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">No. of lateral veins</td>
<td id="05B7765EC92C77C70B694B4A3E2F92BA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">49-65</td>
<td id="6C55D319D39F4CAAFB4F4FE055BAA004" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">45-60‡‡</td>
<td id="C8FE82CAEF164A02CE07A6E1BAE62EE3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">(32-) 40-50</td>
<td id="274AE5CE94B31385972C260E35C6C335" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">40-60‡‡</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F3117D7C48415BF82D76EFE11CF955DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td id="888A83F14273B9E77C6839BB2CA554AD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Staminate perianth texture, and pubescence on external surface</td>
<td id="23E5687C351AD5EFCD155F36757F3C4B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Subcarnose, without lines or dots, densely pubescent on all the surface</td>
<td id="23DF77AFCA467FDC7711C698CB87AB43" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Submembranous, with lines, pubescent</td>
<td id="C8062235D6B9DE13B3E9CACCA7669819" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Subcarnose, without lines or dots, densely pubescent on all the surface</td>
<td id="30AEC9EA371B191880BD57632093261E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Membranous, with lines, glabrous or pubescent only at the base and apex</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BC4B8DEF6CC9B2192D6237A81B06F3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td id="C70DEA40AE503A0B65508094FBBF7B14" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Filament column length</td>
<td id="7573995AFEB068284F3282B2282785FD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.5-0.7 mm</td>
<td id="D2721F10AE46D69F6293DF4D5CA0ACF9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.3-0.4 mm‡‡</td>
<td id="33C682A032CBCA7B8EA240F04F860D85" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.9-1.3 mm</td>
<td id="46F0468563B2C38F1FA5F5902E296ACF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.3-0.5 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6D3366B2A70DFAC04158CDF3121373EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td id="660E31A82A9AAB729936BCB4B562D8D7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Anther length</td>
<td id="DD74A202A1AB1220679643B961AE7692" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.7-0.9 mm</td>
<td id="202A2273900A8859DFA1072758110486" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.5-0.6 mm‡‡</td>
<td id="4E183271610F2CA48F94ED395C54D7F9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.8-0.9 mm</td>
<td id="DF7935E8697F131DC3D10A6AA0558467" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.3-0.4 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="372BD6C579F911AFC8AD39EB081959E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td id="4996C32CD6FED94FD001AA57A23B04D3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Fruit size and apex</td>
<td id="14EB3FA642D5339E08EBD70A3B91DCDF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
3-3.5 
<normalizedToken id="B68DCADB8804F4A83D8CBDB0408C88E3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.3-2.9 cm, obtuse (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="C4A4F8A744E8EAC6294A5EA92842C297" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diversity of fruits from Virola species that have numerous and close lateral veins, notice the shape, indument, and pericarp thickness A V. caducifolia (W. Rodrigues &amp; D. Coelho 8700, MO) B V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) C V. crebrinervia (N. A. Rosa 4446, NY) D V. cumala (C. Gra [n] dez et al. 4919, MO) E V. decorticans (C. A. Cid Ferreira et al. 9961, MO) F V. koschnyi (L. D. Gomez et al. 22725, MO) G V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) H V. multinervia (C. A. Sothers &amp; E. D. C. Pereira 1069, MO) I V. multicosta (R. Vasquez &amp; C. Grandez 17507, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688800" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">12D</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="DF9ABB220149178B41DDE7A2B7AEC655" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
2.7-3.5 
<normalizedToken id="6509C6FD01706E598B660DB754BDCF61" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.7-2.2 cm‡‡, acute to apiculate (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="CD084028C2814FD5370BCBCB4BD2347B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diversity of fruits from Virola species that have numerous and close lateral veins, notice the shape, indument, and pericarp thickness A V. caducifolia (W. Rodrigues &amp; D. Coelho 8700, MO) B V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) C V. crebrinervia (N. A. Rosa 4446, NY) D V. cumala (C. Gra [n] dez et al. 4919, MO) E V. decorticans (C. A. Cid Ferreira et al. 9961, MO) F V. koschnyi (L. D. Gomez et al. 22725, MO) G V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) H V. multinervia (C. A. Sothers &amp; E. D. C. Pereira 1069, MO) I V. multicosta (R. Vasquez &amp; C. Grandez 17507, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688800" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">12E</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="525E03AFCEEB7636A1C9945CB8160DCA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
4-5.7 
<normalizedToken id="E4E1FD83A71C6F7C948DC378BE951618" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.9 cm, acuminate to rostrate (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="68B3330D4220B92A2D1D67E65EAC64AE" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diversity of fruits from Virola species that have numerous and close lateral veins, notice the shape, indument, and pericarp thickness A V. caducifolia (W. Rodrigues &amp; D. Coelho 8700, MO) B V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) C V. crebrinervia (N. A. Rosa 4446, NY) D V. cumala (C. Gra [n] dez et al. 4919, MO) E V. decorticans (C. A. Cid Ferreira et al. 9961, MO) F V. koschnyi (L. D. Gomez et al. 22725, MO) G V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) H V. multinervia (C. A. Sothers &amp; E. D. C. Pereira 1069, MO) I V. multicosta (R. Vasquez &amp; C. Grandez 17507, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688800" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">12G</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="EE371BB96A3EA715BE2D6C127EEA92A3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
2-3 
<normalizedToken id="D8889423B152B9B7E15CF3C894B1FE88" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.5 cm, apiculate‡‡ (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="4502276C98231A47D5E5C5374A4BBB12" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diversity of fruits from Virola species that have numerous and close lateral veins, notice the shape, indument, and pericarp thickness A V. caducifolia (W. Rodrigues &amp; D. Coelho 8700, MO) B V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) C V. crebrinervia (N. A. Rosa 4446, NY) D V. cumala (C. Gra [n] dez et al. 4919, MO) E V. decorticans (C. A. Cid Ferreira et al. 9961, MO) F V. koschnyi (L. D. Gomez et al. 22725, MO) G V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) H V. multinervia (C. A. Sothers &amp; E. D. C. Pereira 1069, MO) I V. multicosta (R. Vasquez &amp; C. Grandez 17507, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688800" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">12H</figureCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E60B5EAB68D0267CA4994E25A1009B49" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td id="4C359F474D8D1FA639335AA5CA383973" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Pericarp thickness</td>
<td id="60BF30837F9747F80ED4D79717929EAC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">3-6 mm</td>
<td id="BF7222BC9B59B180FCF3E3A226556A9B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">4-5 mm</td>
<td id="BE6DF4E8D68265C437608BEB5C65B92B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">3-6 mm</td>
<td id="22644E3C2382F4349CBDB0475219854E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">1.5-4 mm</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CDAA36C39C351E640B4C32C9155B6DE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="1DDB295B4F087169B659235D14819560" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="856A1DCA3CC47759D52C7EBC95C0842A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other species with numerous lateral and relatively close veins (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="E47F391095FF5891638A58DEC1DD67DB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. caducifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caducifolia">
<emphasis id="47D96D6AB67FBE2E5E78212F52697588" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. caducifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
W. A. Rodrigues, 
<taxonomicName id="5F53F799A41BBAEEEB64B119927B1B79" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. chrysocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysocarpa">
<emphasis id="314877C59568B95DA30841F1AE1F0FD3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. chrysocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
D. Santam. &amp; Aguilar, 
<taxonomicName id="1C18AC825CBE10803E58F3942DFD0FDB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. flexuosa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="5C925D88AF68D6CB9FB20E956396B71F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A. C. Sm., 
<taxonomicName id="425591C7D074FA573F75DE4256D5744F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guggenheimii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guggenheimii">
<emphasis id="309E241A06C001626146C6A124470B1D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. guggenheimii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
W. A. Rodrigues, 
<taxonomicName id="F14B733E8C8A1C53C7FD0A156868BBAD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. koschnyi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koschnyi">
<emphasis id="2119E0C91A4F4C98D6F127D9636188B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. koschnyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Warb. and 
<taxonomicName id="22F3EF0F778DFFEB8005808F323DA93E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. polyneura" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polyneura">
<emphasis id="5431650222E288ECD98C6B98DDB0A4B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. polyneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
W. A. Rodrigues) by its fruits: these are large (3-3.5 
<normalizedToken id="092BB2593EED344F161961289D16BDCB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.3-2.9 cm vs. 1.6-3 
<normalizedToken id="8863F52E7386E61D4255CDFC3BADF912" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.3-2.5 cm), covered with a thick layer of trichomes (vs. tomentose or glabrescent), and have a thick pericarp (3-6 mm vs. 1-4 mm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD4EEB7DBD77416DE7FF551D5E89DF63" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The fruits of 
<taxonomicName id="71A9AD616C887E986AF9402F95B51206" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola divergens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="divergens">
<emphasis id="93F7D725BADD7FE80C0C8253B0237697" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="14CF8B0256B621A5AFBA78C117FBBD22" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. loretensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loretensis">
<emphasis id="30AA339E39303D300F93FEBA1F619283" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. loretensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A. C. Sm., and 
<taxonomicName id="E19F25854E5F394670D4D568EADD411A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. mollissima" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollissima">
<emphasis id="8708663F12209C7D84BB3C65F0D878E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. mollissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(species of Mollissimae group in 
<bibRefCitation id="BDA7EEE6B2B5CD2BE8DC32CA18332381" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" author="Smith, AC" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="393 - 510" refId="B74" refString="Smith, AC, Wodehouse, RP, 1938. The American species of Myristicaceae. Brittonia 2 (5): 393 - 510, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" title="The American species of Myristicaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" volume="2" year="1938">Smith and Wodehouse 1938</bibRefCitation>
) are also covered by a dense layer of trichomes that is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="68320324210C3139F26DDB7BC68517CA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="E7777D8FC8F0E0C681CCF53FF2EB1702" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf. Fig. 
<figureCitation id="ED13BCD0AB381E2AB3A75C17943C2D24" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Fruit morphology of Virola, note shape, pericarp, indument, and arils. Also see the green color of pericarp, and the minutely pubescent, falling easily as dust (A-D, F), and the yellow pericarp (J-M) A Virola sp B V. allenii C V. elongata D V. otobifolia E Virola sp F V. sebifera G Virola sp H Virola sp I V. surinamensis J V. fosteri K V. cf. nobilis L V. laevigata M V. koschnyi N V. chrysocarpa. Photos by Reinaldo Aguilar (B, F, K, L, M, N), Christopher Davidson (A, C, G), Robin Foster (E, H), Alwyn H. Gentry (D), Manuel Morales (J), Luiz O. A. Teixeira (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688791" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">3E</figureCitation>
). However, these species have fewer lateral veins (15-30 vs. 49-65), anthers with an apiculate apex (vs. inconspicuous or obtuse), and thin pericarp (0.3-0.7 vs. 3-6 mm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8D21740C9627884F0C50C8C503216922" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="notes">
<paragraph id="9BDF90EC683B1009D0FD005FFF996B61" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE0199DCC045BC9EE21E8C4A2B2AF6F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The type specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="5EEB0DBD328D289C58CE3F9DB92B6F45" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="56C958BBFB33112BA4C5CE4D76D5C427" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B1C176363ED0CB3F85B9FD94C814852D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">N. Jaramillo et al. 388</emphasis>
, MO) was cited as 
<taxonomicName id="0548AACD643E06D6A8923D2CC8B285BD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. multinervia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multinervia">
<emphasis id="F276ABDC5F31E8C221F2F23DFB26A1C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. multinervia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="C28AAC86B5BF5FC97192ED2C0979DF91" author="Vasquez, MR" journalOrPublisher="Q'euna" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 607" refId="B83" refString="Vasquez, MR, Rojas, GRDP, Monteagudo, MAL, Valenzuela, GL, Huamantupa, Ch I, 2018. Catalogo de los arboles del Peru. Q'euna 9: 1 - 607" title="Catalogo de los arboles del Peru." volume="9" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="0AB4FB92063FB80B03DAE46F577F60A5" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
. Peruvian specimens identified as 
<taxonomicName id="9DE41C6A69ED9A67904D4E273934A321" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. multinervia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multinervia">
<emphasis id="88493C4456D1427C87BA7B6E72E8CA9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. multinervia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very variable, likely representing a combination of misidentifications and undescribed species. Within these, we identified three morphologically distinct groups. The first group corresponds to 
<taxonomicName id="1E53E7BC89B217312A94E6FA7F6D1ECE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. cumala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cumala">
<emphasis id="281A7364024C946EF9E613FE3548548F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. cumala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The second, represented by the fruiting specimens 
<emphasis id="C66039AEAFA2042B7DC65CB9A6BACAA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. H. Gentry et al. 42594</emphasis>
(MO), 
<emphasis id="62945A2FFB80737ED7E8EA6556E6869E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
C. 
<normalizedToken id="869825775459B2A04A71FF4BF4B72205" originalValue="Grández">Grandez</normalizedToken>
et al. 4929
</emphasis>
(MO), 
<emphasis id="BF01FD4347229864A45DD50379333893" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
R. 
<normalizedToken id="210EF42B6A3F77531B2677555479FC19" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
&amp; C. 
<normalizedToken id="D5E4168C7CB34CB32AE03906A7147A79" originalValue="Grández">Grandez</normalizedToken>
17507
</emphasis>
(MO-2 sheets), we tentatively identify as 
<taxonomicName id="81F8951577274A5AF9F534E39CBAE960" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. multicostata" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multicostata">
<emphasis id="792DE7DB146306B86BDC52C7E1F2881F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. multicostata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ducke (due to lack of flowers). This group is characterized by scant pubescence covering twigs, petioles, and axes of the infructescence, large leaf-blades (28-37 
<normalizedToken id="17411026FB3C3296895D4EA8C0179F4B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.1-10 cm) with numerous lateral veins (54-62), the tertiary veins prominent below, and inconspicuously pubescent to glabrescent fruits that are 2.1-2.3 
<normalizedToken id="D519964EBC1119E7DF07BB3AC75A0D48" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-1.8 cm (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="FCB682628C44456FC05F66546DDBD279" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diversity of fruits from Virola species that have numerous and close lateral veins, notice the shape, indument, and pericarp thickness A V. caducifolia (W. Rodrigues &amp; D. Coelho 8700, MO) B V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) C V. crebrinervia (N. A. Rosa 4446, NY) D V. cumala (C. Gra [n] dez et al. 4919, MO) E V. decorticans (C. A. Cid Ferreira et al. 9961, MO) F V. koschnyi (L. D. Gomez et al. 22725, MO) G V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) H V. multinervia (C. A. Sothers &amp; E. D. C. Pereira 1069, MO) I V. multicosta (R. Vasquez &amp; C. Grandez 17507, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688800" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">12</figureCitation>
) with a rugose surface and thin pericarp (1.3-1.5 mm). Finally, the third group is represented by the specimens 
<emphasis id="7DB4613506DBBA45F552DF81CC454268" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. H. Gentry et al. 19014</emphasis>
(♂ fl.), 
<emphasis id="59D02A2A0FD6A50E445FE010ED2FFAC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. H. Gentry et al. 21736</emphasis>
(very young fl. bud.; F [image], MO!), and 
<emphasis id="6A15A5B29D08E7A7FAEB9B134BB691F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
R. 
<normalizedToken id="FA9232C9C11789BDF1177A9D94FE95CD" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
&amp; N. Jaramillo 9379
</emphasis>
(♀ fl; MO!). This group is characterized by deciduous (i.e. all leaves fall off the tree), oblong leaves (32.7-44 
<normalizedToken id="74907794BCAEB1D13900BBDE41EEE922" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.5-12.6 cm), brown trichomes that cover the entire plant, staminate inflorescences with bracts that are 0.9-1.5 
<normalizedToken id="41DB13DFCC6728865D2B72C0797A094A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-1.2 cm, staminate flowers with a ca. 2 mm long perianth which is connate to 0.5 mm in length and densely pubescent externally, glabrous internally, and without dots or lines when rehydrated, perianth lobes that are ca. 1.5 
<normalizedToken id="E2A8664DD6DF591042622DBD43F50A0B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.6 mm, and a filament column ca. 0.4-0.5 mm long with anthers 0.4-0.6 mm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0BB7A35E9B47019BC1FE58D80CF8696" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8C0F897E55B8145C04576EA827C07515" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C6EA0C3CE6B0F5C7C840F5811988547" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation id="F185873B99EEF0F013B0B2E93D6C3DA2" collectingDate="1994-10-10" collectorName="N. Jaramillo, C. Peas" country="Peru" county="Bagua" elevation="320" latitude="-4.9166665" location="Region Nororiental del Maranon" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Imaza" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
<emphasis id="2F44FED7249B7CE3550639E299D247A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectingCountry id="F29A8511AD1B983506B8ECDC4C0C483D" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="0875A8D25962755B70BB96F8821D08F6" country="Peru" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCounty id="BD2E62793B332C18F481D132C6F098DD">Bagua</collectingCounty>
, distrito 
<collectingMunicipality id="383EC9DE45A161E2275CCDB37751FD8F">Imaza</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="4D57431A93739D87AE1E1E3E65BAAD6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:4D57431A93739D87AE1E1E3E65BAAD6D" country="Peru" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Imaza" name="Region Nororiental del Maranon" stateProvince="Amazonas">
<normalizedToken id="BA72BD049951F4783E87B626558E9B0D" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
Nororiental del 
<normalizedToken id="9C5E5030B8A88E7AAE6A602C67BDD330" originalValue="Marañón">Maranon</normalizedToken>
</location>
, 
<location id="B63A7FAD54EE90E33EE0E24A8327E0BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:B63A7FAD54EE90E33EE0E24A8327E0BB" country="Peru" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Imaza" name="Comunidad de Kampaenza" stateProvince="Amazonas">Comunidad de Kampaenza</location>
, 
<location id="C85AA9CD569E021CE588AD982617F078" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:C85AA9CD569E021CE588AD982617F078" country="Peru" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Imaza" name="Ribera" stateProvince="Amazonas">Ribera</location>
de la quebrada 
<location id="3418F3551EC144DB898C84C81AC627C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:3418F3551EC144DB898C84C81AC627C0" country="Peru" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Imaza" name="Shimutaz" stateProvince="Amazonas">Shimutaz</location>
, 
<location id="7C24860B8E81945E1ABB49EB7E926698" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:7C24860B8E81945E1ABB49EB7E926698" country="Peru" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Imaza" name="Rio Maranon" stateProvince="Amazonas">
<normalizedToken id="C7AF27EF1916ED88D1E018E0C6F8B675" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0EF58AE156817B6C5A6F30810999FA2F" originalValue="Marañón">Maranon</normalizedToken>
</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C2D25E66D98D913FB61F7E398B0DED2A" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.9166665">04°55'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="DA68F2324DCDB575F9D8E0E82AD55D16" degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.316666">078°19'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="6626A64C992DD186DB7B55B2F02D8591" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="320.0">
<elevation id="E9FA4CA4353C9F46F73D6BE09905C9D4" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="D353520329D91B33FEA5F9FC7BD32171" value="1994-10-10">10 Oct 1994</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis id="3FEC446DC3F3C1BCEB783FCD79E6601A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName id="0CC862DA267598F48209A2A9C48EEB7C">N. Jaramillo</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="EC6291F37E99CADC9ABA94C6E3899C82">C. Peas</collectorName>
550
</emphasis>
(MO!, UPCB [n.v.])
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="E19EEEDCB20475AC618F0703639E13C0" collectingDate="1980-07-26" collectingDateMax="1992-12-05" collectingDateMin="1980-07-26" collectorName="A. H. Gentry, R. Vasquez, C. A. Grandez, Maynas, IQ, Iquitos, Nauta, Km, N. Jaramillo, Maynas, Distrito Las Amazonas, Explor Napo, Suwzari, C. Gra" country="Peru" county="Yanamono" elevation="120" latitude="-3.3333333" location="Indiana" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-72.916664" municipality="Explorama Tourist Camp on Rio Amazonas" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Loreto">
<emphasis id="59152E7E4934CDC90BEFDB6F51CAE71D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectingRegion id="F5A15F8D253743D03740F9C1CE43CEC3" country="Peru" name="Loreto">Loreto</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCounty id="4F1D805C89760AEE9A32998BBEEFBBE7">Yanamono</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="8F628C2C7892C1F8705DBCF38DC0538B">
Explorama Tourist Camp on 
<normalizedToken id="C1FC46BE7750B2548A2D97B0D81F9D45" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Amazonas
</collectingMunicipality>
between 
<location id="A964D4388B1D8C569D52CDC3879BA13E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:A964D4388B1D8C569D52CDC3879BA13E" country="Peru" county="Yanamono" latitude="-3.3333333" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-72.916664" municipality="Explorama Tourist Camp on Rio Amazonas" name="Indiana" stateProvince="Loreto">Indiana</location>
and mouth of 
<location id="F1863A8A69B8934F3D2BD2393CE69DE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:F1863A8A69B8934F3D2BD2393CE69DE3" country="Peru" county="Yanamono" latitude="-3.3333333" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-72.916664" municipality="Explorama Tourist Camp on Rio Amazonas" name="Rio Napo" stateProvince="Loreto">
<normalizedToken id="37B320ACDA53583D19AAC64ACA2E04BA" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Napo
</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C1BB784E6F1178BE7E4AE623E20521A0" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.4666667">03°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="3FC753D001E0854AC3FC4DF675888E98" degrees="072" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.8">072°48'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="062E0B400644CB8837C534DEAAE5D5E2" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">
<elevation id="BB8BF244530F6967A884BD4BEFA0B92B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="AC866F6688A4AF033B96D0A60A52F853" value="1980-07-26">26 July 1980</collectingDate>
(
<specimenCount id="0A586DF4A864B898A94DA42178BD4E52">♂</specimenCount>
fl), 
<emphasis id="EEF7221406AC67B419F86EA87C48C839" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName id="8D0C5DEACE0677E6D21E6D80BA2433BE">A. H. Gentry</collectorName>
et al. 29027
</emphasis>
(INPA [image!], MO!); ExplorNapo Camp (
<location id="0E44FEBE46BBA9368B0D9238F1E8DD26" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:0E44FEBE46BBA9368B0D9238F1E8DD26" country="Peru" county="Yanamono" latitude="-3.3333333" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-72.916664" municipality="Explorama Tourist Camp on Rio Amazonas" name="Rio Sucusari" stateProvince="Loreto">
<normalizedToken id="827EFF4EEFEAD90F5CFFCB0D9F036EDA" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Sucusari
</location>
), 
<geoCoordinate id="175671A673C4948CEBC8A294689FA9A3" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.25">03°15'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="BF32E270A65BAF8347F99ACD216089C7" degrees="072" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.9">072°54'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="C2213BF7331DA6CB8967C256E73D2120" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="140.0">
<elevation id="F594A31E6DDEAA906D889B9FB3032EF0" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="391E7B97E0261F0A99AEE7E3A4551DF2" value="1991-07-29">29 July 1991</collectingDate>
(
<specimenCount id="D8EA9E5F421471F370A29495B3553AC7">♂</specimenCount>
fl), 
<emphasis id="09FD03179461EA178986FC709D9E727B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName id="FBC725E60A0A0294C3C9E4FF10C57E9C">
R. 
<normalizedToken id="EEB6ECB285A015D9495B134F833AB99F" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="EA8E57798D587FB5B6077F7210110116">
C. A. 
<normalizedToken id="684FE2934AC78E060DAB525DA919AB49" originalValue="Grández">Grandez</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
17532
</emphasis>
(MEXU [image!], MO-2 sheets); 
<collectorName id="81A6A63395B45B4CED2F9594150F33A0">Maynas, IQ</collectorName>
[
<collectorName id="14DDE05E4FFB440511CDCDFD21693C7D">Iquitos</collectorName>
]- 
<collectorName id="32B948F1C5580E90647019357118AF27">Nauta</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="EC04A024B143E15C43ED2300CA9FAF9E">Km</collectorName>
<quantity id="E7FDBDF9DAA893EAB7D674E99A7EBA20" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.215" unit="m" value="32150.0">
<elevation id="0DF22F67D0616B5988DA7287670E1901" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.215" unit="m" value="32150.0">32, 150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="B44C4E02A980AE5F59EA39CDD2FA88EA" value="1986-08-20">20 Aug 1986</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis id="30BF7B3F9ADEE163B521DF4BD5622525" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName id="D6479FE5228A7E38BA84DF3506B3E52C">
R. 
<normalizedToken id="C9D76FA8BBECDD78EA37905333C72634" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="2952659C08FDED92376B90BA3F7BBA81">N. Jaramillo</collectorName>
7879
</emphasis>
(MO!); 
<collectorName id="9CED3EEEB883C560F3AC296C32D48358">Maynas</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="59429372F99AC3F5C2642A09A64641FB">Distrito Las Amazonas</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="61AD318676957D3A35C83977068CF143">Explor Napo</collectorName>
(
<collectorName id="5EF418C4341E6717137982E90FE46A0D">Suwzari</collectorName>
), 
<geoCoordinate id="42488419BD7E6568BC788E2569FBE331" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.3333333">03°20'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D23C4D2180A94907661579BD9566919F" degrees="072" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.916664">072°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="B4DD90F091B736E538F5B6C18F165F42" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" unit="m" value="124.0">
<elevation id="6738017313A18F974BE76B0DAD7EDF89" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" unit="m" value="124.0">124 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="5EB82C3DACEC5B92BF5BA3B2B86A38A0" value="1992-12-05">5 Dec 1992</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis id="CD112D874A664A1C04CDF7C0B3370F9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName id="9319F8B34AC9A80C0C158ABF07833525">
C. 
<normalizedToken id="6452A8EED21D28D4D446D07E5918F35D" originalValue="Grá">Gra</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
[n]dez et al. 4919
</emphasis>
(MO!)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="97C4FEADB674F47E9AE26F6BCE748406" collectingDate="2005-05-13" collectorName="El Paujil, H. van der Werff" country="Peru" elevation="750" latitude="-10.336666" location="El Paujil" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.26083" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pasco">
<emphasis id="53AB212E878F43808A37D2B7FBD7960C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectingRegion id="2497123E0EE111AC8D36F5787BDF8D39" country="Peru" name="Pasco">Pasco</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Distr. 
<normalizedToken id="C4A58614AA5237843C31EF9CA8D9192C" originalValue="Palcazú">Palcazu</normalizedToken>
, 
<collectorName id="C08FFF508E602FD81F65A665B5D42F25">
<location id="E5DA5C4A41737F2E9168BF8155DF7AF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E558C6A5BD56A9B1183B820488EF64:E5DA5C4A41737F2E9168BF8155DF7AF6" country="Peru" latitude="-10.336666" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.26083" name="El Paujil" stateProvince="Pasco">El Paujil</location>
</collectorName>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="AC2A57CD16D20B422A5C2548F96D1E08" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-10.336666">10°20'12&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="6C8A9FA8C34D177CE279CFA903366E73" degrees="075" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-75.26083">075°15'39&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="B80D006792D4A332233D382FB1D2C3D4" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="700.0">
<elevation id="72EBC776412A59AB14B73E6CF6FB16FD" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="700.0">700-800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="AE48B11CA26E017BCEF59ACDDED371B7" value="2005-05-13">13 May 2005</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis id="D58189B0315FC6EC6D608A9F63A91879" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName id="A695454B652DBA4B7804635D9672262E">H. van der Werff</collectorName>
20095
</emphasis>
(F [image!])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>