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<document id="59798A760CD6BCF90A4A5614BFF1878B" ID-CLB-Dataset="293299" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.929.2479" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f7dd08c6-e206-4d97-8c9d-7432c5df72b2" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10876286" ID-ZooBank="832192E7-A85A-4971-BA2F-D7420D299E8D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1711447741012" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Olesen, Jørgen &amp; Grygier, Mark J." docDate="2024" docId="6515E6230A381E143A4B6041FBF396D2" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.929.1-90.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 929 (1)" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2479/11077" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hansenocaris demodex Olesen, Dreyer, Palero &amp; Grygier 2022" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="992C9E5B0A371E053B09674EFFA99256" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic ‘ y-larvae’ (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1732879685839" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="23477589869560B3FB7CB2C66D94D598">Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic ‘ y-larvae’ (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EA552765DE2B407BC818D9906C4CB4EF">Olesen, Jørgen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="75C8E0B4C350E25D3481F352F2365447">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5C848BF50CF016B09B45190D8EB95392" type="email">jolesen@snm.ku.dk&amp;jolesen@snm.ku.dk&amp;thecostracans@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="EA3420D98E4D3063CC68CDB50BB8265F">Grygier, Mark J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D200425205133FE8187D7CAF44D5959A">National Museum of Marine Biology &amp; Aquarium, 2, Houwan Rd., Checheng, Pingtung 944401, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9F696FBA96B36A35665B111A8D3C36FD" type="email">thecostracans@gmail.com&amp;jolesen@snm.ku.dk&amp;thecostracans@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8CEBE9E22C5A6ADF2643DD7E5C4C7F08">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A076A20CAFAE02B3360E4B86E3D51C21">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="6515E6230A381E143A4B6041FBF396D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954148" ID-GBIF-Taxon="225201469" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10954148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6515E6230A381E143A4B6041FBF396D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6515E6230A381E143A4B6041FBF396D2" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" scope_class="Thecostraca" scope_family="Hansenocarididae" scope_subClass="Facetotecta">
<subSubSection id="A5A604BE0A381E0A3A4B6041FB5B957F" box="[322,1266,1807,1834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="2ABC2CB60A381E0A3A4B6041FC46957F" authority="Olesen, Dreyer, Palero &amp; Grygier" authorityName="Olesen, Dreyer, Palero &amp; Grygier" authorityYear="2022" box="[322,1007,1807,1834]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Hansenocarididae" genus="Hansenocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demodex">
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A381E0A3A4B6041FDF4957C" bold="true" box="[322,605,1807,1834]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hansenocaris demodex</emphasis>
Olesen, Dreyer, Palero &amp; Grygier
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in Olesen
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A381E0A3F64605EFB01957F" box="[1133,1192,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A5A604BE0A381E0A39AB607CFADF95D0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="ED0357350A381E0A39AB607CFC3B951A" blockId="15.[322,1266,1807,1869]" box="[674,914,1842,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<figureCitation id="75874BB00A381E0A39AB607CFD44951B" box="[674,749,1842,1869]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1737,1763]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,266,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-128@5.[189,1399,265,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Y-naupliar (Facetotecta) diversity at Sesoko Island (Okinawa, Japan). A. Schematic life cycle of y-larvae (modified from Itô 1991; Glenner et al. 2008). B. Overview of 34 morphospecies of lecithotrophic last-stage y-nauplii obtained by laboratory rearing of earlier-stage nauplii collected in the plankton; three of them represent formally described species while 31 remain undescribed. C. Nine types of planktotrophic y-larvae, of which only Type A* is treated in detail in this paper. All photos in B and C are to the same scale. Figure also used in Olesen (2004). Examples of live video of most of the y-naupliar morphospecies can be seen at https://youtu.be/er0mYLswV-c and are also deposited at Figshare.com: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24953568.v1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10876295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10876295/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="75874BB00A381E0A39F3607CFCEB951B" box="[762,834,1842,1869]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,597,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-246@11.[189,1399,597,1762]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of three significantly different kinds of last-stage lecithotrophic (non-feeding) y-nauplii (Facetotecta) illustrating key characters (general body size and shape, and morphology of labrum and caudal spines) used herein to separate and describe 34 y-naupliar morphospecies, with various measurements explained directly on the figure. A–B. Hansenocaris demodex Olesenet al., 2022, ventral view with detail of labral area.C. Hansenocaris cristalabri Olesen &amp; Grygier, 2022 (holotype, NHMD), lateral view. D–F. Type K, lateral view with details of labrum and caudal spines. A–B from Olesen et al. (2022); C from Olesen &amp; Grygier (2022)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10876306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10876306/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="75874BB00A381E0A3847607CFC3B951A" box="[846,914,1842,1868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[190,233,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,603,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-146@16.[189,1399,603,1868]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Last-stage nauplii of two different (morpho)species of y-larvae (Facetotecta) from Sesoko Island (Okinawa, Japan). A–F. Hansenocaris demodex Olesen et al., 2022 (all paratypes). G–L. Type C (‘Bumblebee’). Shown either in life (A–B, G–H) or as slide-mounted exuviae (C–F, I –L).Abbreviations: A1 = first antenna; A2 = second antenna; Md = mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10876308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10876308/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">6A–F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED0357350A381E0A3BB46023FADF95D0" blockId="15.[189,1398,1900,1927]" box="[189,1398,1900,1927]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<treatmentCitation id="6C1D71240A381E0A3BB46023FB3595D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7044008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7044008" author="Olesen et al., 2022" box="[189,1180,1900,1927]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D22EE94B99770B36FCDB9A80FD0DFEEE" page="570" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="2022">
<taxonomicName id="2ABC2CB60A381E0A3BB46023FCF495D0" authority="Olesen, Dreyer, Palero &amp; Grygier" authorityName="Olesen, Dreyer, Palero &amp; Grygier" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,861,1900,1927]" class="Maxillopoda" genus="Hansenocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demodex">
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A381E0A3BB46023FE6695D0" box="[189,463,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hansenocaris demodex</emphasis>
Olesen, Dreyer, Palero &amp; Grygier
</taxonomicName>
in Olesen
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A381E0A38D36023FBBD95D0" box="[986,1044,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022: 570
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 3–15, table 6.
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDAC701B0A381E0A3BB460E9FC6D95B2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="2ABC2CB60A381E0A3BB460E9FE789596" authorityName="Olesen, Dreyer, Palero &amp; Grygier" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,465,1958,1984]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Hansenocarididae" genus="Hansenocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demodex">
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A381E0A3BB460E9FE789596" box="[189,465,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hansenocaris demodex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="6C1D71240A381E0A3AFB60E9FD779596" author="Dreyer et al." box="[498,734,1958,1985]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="2023">
<bibRefCitation id="892D2AC40A381E0A3AFB60E9FD779596" author="Dreyer N. &amp; Palero F. &amp; Grygier M. J. &amp; Chan B. K. K. &amp; Olesen J." box="[498,734,1958,1985]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="107780" refId="ref35132" refString="Dreyer N., Palero F., Grygier M. J., Chan B. K. K. &amp; Olesen J. 2023 a. Single-specimen systematics resolves the phylogeny and diversity conundrum of enigmatic crustacean y-larvae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 184: e 107780. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107780" type="journal article" year="2023">
Dreyer
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A381E0A394660E9FD229596" box="[591,651,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2023a
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
: figs. 2, 5a, c, tables 3–6, s1–s2;
<treatmentCitation id="6C1D71240A381E0A3F6760E8FB129596" author="Dreyer et al." box="[1134,1211,1958,1984]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="2023">2023b</treatmentCitation>
: 85, 90, 94, 95, 97–100, 115, 118; 2024: 8, fig. 1. —
<treatmentCitation id="6C1D71240A381E0A39956087FCDF95B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954148" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10954148" author="Olesen et al." box="[668,886,1993,2020]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6515E6230A381E143A4B6041FBF396D2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="2024">
<bibRefCitation id="892D2AC40A381E0A39956087FCDF95B2" author="Olesen J. &amp; Grygier M. J. &amp; Herranz M." box="[668,886,1993,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref37669" refString="Olesen J., Grygier M. J. &amp; Herranz M. 2024. Autofluorescence imaging of exuviae as a tool for studying slide preparations of micro-arthropods, exemplified by a museum collection of the enigmatic crustacean &quot; y-larvae &quot; (Pancrustacea: Facetotecta). Zoomorphology 2024. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 024 - 00641 - y" type="journal volume" year="2024">
Olesen
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A381E0A39FC6084FC9995B5" box="[757,816,1993,2019]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2024
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
: fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A5A604BE0A271E153BB46646FC729322" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="DFC88B270A271E153BB46646FE039374" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED0357350A271E153BB46679FC729322" blockId="16.[189,1398,309,373]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="5DD45D680A271E153BB46679FACC9304" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4604590321" box="[189,1381,309,338]" collectorName="Sesoko I." country="Japan" county="Sesoko" latitude="26.635944" location="Sesoko I." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.86533" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa">
<collectingCountry id="95AB17A50A271E153BB46679FEBF9307" box="[189,278,311,337]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A271E153A386679FBC79307" bold="true" box="[305,1134,309,337]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<collectingRegion id="2F7899D70A271E153A386679FE0C9307" box="[305,421,311,337]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="E86301EE0A271E153AB86679FD889307" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6515E6230A381E143A4B6041FBF396D2:E86301EE0A271E153AB86679FD889307" box="[433,545,311,337]" country="Japan" county="Sesoko" latitude="26.635944" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.86533" name="Sesoko I." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Okinawa">Sesoko I.</location>
, laboratory pier,
<geoCoordinate id="888831F20A271E1539F0667BFC0E9307" box="[761,935,309,337]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" seconds="09.4" value="26.635944">26°38ʹ09.4ʺ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="888831F20A271E1538BD667BFBC79307" box="[948,1134,309,337]" degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" seconds="55.2" value="127.86533">127°51ʹ55.2ʺ E</geoCoordinate>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="FBBA9CBC0A271E153F8F6679FB7F9307" box="[1158,1238,311,337]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1 LSN</specimenCount>
; 1991–2005
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="5DD45D680A271E153BB46614FC729322" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4604590355" box="[189,987,346,373]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="9">
<specimenCount id="FBBA9CBC0A271E153BB46614FEA49322" box="[189,269,346,372]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">9 LSN</specimenCount>
, 4 of which molted to cyprids; 2018–2019 (
<tableCitation id="A03E628E0A271E1538076614FC629322" box="[782,971,346,372]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[187,256,1680,1706]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table 1 (page 8). Lecithotrophic y-naupliar morphospecies (‘Types’) successfully reared during fieldwork at Sesoko Island (Okinawa) in 2018 and 2019, based on 5137 sampled lecithotrophic nauplii, with sporadic data added from earlier sampling in 1991–2005. The y-naupliar morphospecies are listed in descending order of abundance in 2018 and 2019 (column 4). Developmental time to cyprid and mean body length of last-stage nauplii (LSN) are shown, along with calculated rearing success to LSN or cyprid, degree of overlap in occurrence in both years, and correlation between morphospecies abundance and size (see Fig. 20). The data are extracted from the more comprehensive supplementary Table S1. Asterisks (e.g., Types A*, D*, E*) are added to the designations of morphospecies that exhibited molecular variation among specimens in Dreyer et al. (2023a) and might therefore represent more than one biological species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B9C307BD0A3F1E0D3BB261DEFDED95B1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="B9C307BD0A3F1E0D3BB261DEFDED95B1">Tables 1 and S1</tableCitation>
).
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A5A604BE0A271E143BB466D5FE52964A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="ED0357350A271E153BB466D5FEE793E3" blockId="16.[189,334,411,437]" box="[189,334,411,437]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="B64BE0590A271E153BB466D5FEE793E3" bold="true" box="[189,334,411,437]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A271E153BB466D5FEE793E3" bold="true" box="[189,334,411,437]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED0357350A271E143BB46684FDA09385" blockId="16.[189,1400,458,555]" lastBlockId="17.[189,1399,265,467]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">LAST-STAGE NAUPLIUS (LSN). Lecithotrophic. Body narrowly ovate, almost lanceolate in dorso-ventral view; subcylindrical and semi-vermiform; about 2.6 times as long as wide; lateral margins tapering gradually towards caudal end with no discontinuity at posterior end of cephalic shield. In lateral view, trunk axis downturned 30° relative to cephalic axis. Length 352–390 µm (without dorso-caudal spine), greatest width 140 µm, greatest dorso-ventral thickness 100 µm. Labrum a triangular elevation twice as long as wide, not divided into facets by cuticular ridges, bearing five pores: two in mid-line centrally, one in mid-line at posterior margin and pair at left and right lateral margins. Caudal end rounded, terminating in short, blunt, mucronate dorso-caudal spine preceded at some distance on ventral surface by pair of tiny furcal spines.</paragraph>
<caption id="B9C307BD0A271E153BB7602DFCC995B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10876308" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10876308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10876308/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[190,233,1891,1917]" targetBox="[189,1399,603,1868]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="ED0357350A271E153BB7602DFCC995B1" blockId="16.[187,1399,1891,2024]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A271E153BB7602DFEA2952B" bold="true" box="[190,267,1891,1917]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Last-stage nauplii of two different (morpho)species of y-larvae (
<taxonomicName id="2ABC2CB60A271E1538F5602AFB2F9528" authorityName="Grygier" authorityYear="1985" box="[1020,1158,1892,1918]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subClass" subClass="Facetotecta">Facetotecta</taxonomicName>
) from Sesoko Island (Okinawa, Japan).
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A271E153AAC60C8FE7295F6" bold="true" box="[421,475,1926,1952]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A–F</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="2ABC2CB60A271E153AE660C9FBA895F7" authority="Olesen et al., 2022" authorityName="Olesen" authorityYear="2022" box="[495,1025,1927,1953]" class="Maxillopoda" genus="Hansenocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demodex">
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A271E153AE660C9FCAE95F7" box="[495,775,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hansenocaris demodex</emphasis>
Olesen
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A271E15387B60C9FC1B95F7" box="[882,946,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022
</taxonomicName>
(all paratypes).
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A271E153FC660C8FAA195F6" bold="true" box="[1231,1288,1926,1952]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G–L</emphasis>
. Type C (‘Bumblebee’). Shown either in life (A–B, G–H) or as slide-mounted exuviae (C–F, I –L).Abbreviations: A1 = first antenna; A2 = second antenna; Md = mandible.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="ED0357350A261E143BB466BDFBA890EB" blockId="17.[188,1400,499,701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CYPRID VIEWED THROUGH CUTICLE OF LSN. Cyprid body overall brownish-pigmented, most notably in anterior part of cephalic shield, anterior thoracic segments and posterior tip of telson. Orange and brownish yolk granules concentrated in longitudinally-oriented central gut-like tube, this being broadened somewhat in telson, much more so in anterior part of thorax. Pair of lipid vesicles present laterally in cephalic shield. Telson large, about as long as thorax, narrowly cordate in dorso-ventral view with anterior end wider than thorax and with rounded posterior margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED0357350A261E143BB46592FDBC90A0" blockId="17.[189,533,732,759]" box="[189,533,732,759]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="B64BE0590A261E143BB46592FDBC90A0" bold="true" box="[189,533,732,759]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A261E143BB46592FDBC90A0" bold="true" box="[189,533,732,759]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Identification and variation</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED0357350A261E143BB46445FE52964A" blockId="17.[187,1399,779,1052]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Easily recognizable based on the combination of its elongate, semi-vermiform shape, brown or yellow color, elongate labral region, short, blunt dorso-caudal spine, small furcal spines and (within the LSN) the cyprid’s very long, posteriorly rounded telson. Olesen
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A261E14385C641CFC27913A" box="[853,910,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2022) described morphological variation among LSN specimens in the size and bluntness of the dorso-caudal spine, the symmetry of the cephalic shield’s facet array and the pigmentation of the cyprid developing within the LSN (Sesoko Island: brownish; Green Island: yellowish; such also being the coloration of earlier naupliar stages). The minor molecular variation between all sequenced specimens tends to confirm their conspecificity (Olesen
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A261E143E346491FADE91AE" box="[1341,1399,990,1016]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2022;
<bibRefCitation id="892D2AC40A261E143A0E634CFE47964A" author="Dreyer N. &amp; Palero F. &amp; Grygier M. J. &amp; Chan B. K. K. &amp; Olesen J." box="[263,494,1026,1052]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="107780" refId="ref35132" refString="Dreyer N., Palero F., Grygier M. J., Chan B. K. K. &amp; Olesen J. 2023 a. Single-specimen systematics resolves the phylogeny and diversity conundrum of enigmatic crustacean y-larvae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 184: e 107780. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107780" type="journal article" year="2023">
Dreyer
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A261E143A69634CFE32964A" box="[352,411,1026,1052]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2023a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5A604BE0A261E143BB46375FBF396D2" box="[189,1114,1083,1157]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="ED0357350A261E143BB46375FEFF9603" blockId="17.[189,342,1083,1109]" box="[189,342,1083,1109]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="B64BE0590A261E143BB46375FEFF9603" bold="true" box="[189,342,1083,1109]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="DFC88B270A261E143BB46375FEFF9603" bold="true" box="[189,342,1083,1109]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED0357350A261E143BB46325FBF396D2" blockId="17.[189,1114,1130,1157]" box="[189,1114,1130,1157]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingCountry id="95AB17A50A261E143BB46325FEA996D3" box="[189,256,1131,1157]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Sesoko Island,
<collectingRegion id="2F7899D70A261E143ACA6324FD9B96D2" box="[451,562,1130,1156]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="95AB17A50A261E14394C6324FD3296D2" box="[581,667,1130,1156]" name="Taiwan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(Green Island and Xiaoliuqiu Island).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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