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<mods:title id="8CCB65DA9BA9E714D7C643FBA22AD8BB">A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBE6A23F28B70ECFD40F92A" ID-CoL="76CGP" authority="(Godwin-Austen, 1883)" authorityName="Semislug" baseAuthorityName="Godwin-Austen" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[151,683,1671,1697]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBE6A23F28B70ECFD40F92A" bold="true" box="[151,683,1671,1697]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBE6A23F28B70ECFE68F92A" bold="true" box="[151,387,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Peloparion helenae</emphasis>
(Godwin-Austen, 1883)
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<subSubSection id="A4A011E5FFBE6A23F28B70C1FD6DF94F" box="[151,646,1706,1732]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFBE6A23F28B70C1FD6DF94F" blockId="41.[151,683,1671,1732]" box="[151,646,1706,1732]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBE6A23F28B70C1FEDDF94F" box="[151,310,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="24.[151,255,1610,1634]" captionTargetBox="[223,1361,270,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-133@24.[220,1367,266,1583]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 5. External morphology of semislugs. A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C424333 (Corinna, TAS). B. Mysticarion porrectus, QMMO29298 (Robertson, SE NSW). C. Mysticarion hyalina, AM C128630 (Cunningham’s Gap, SE QLD). D. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C334357 (Wauchope, NSW). E–F. Peloparion helenae, AM C205295 (Barrington Tops, NSW). G. Stanisicarion virens, QMMO19234 (Brisbane, SE QLD). Scale bars 2 mm (B–C, E–G), 5 mm (A), 10 mm (D). Abbreviations: cah, caudal horn; cp, caudal pit; lla, left mantle lap; mlo, median mantle lobe; rla, right mantle lap; rlo, right mantle lobe; sh, shell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312724/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figures 5E–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBE6A23F35E70C1FEB6F94F" box="[322,349,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="26.[151,255,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[268,1321,214,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-160@26.[246,1340,194,1659]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 7. Shells, dorsal view. A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C443929. B. Helicarion cuvieri, BMNH 197780 (S of Vitrina verrauxii). C. Helicarion mastersi, AM C101139 (H). D. Helicarion mastersi, AM C101138 (PRH of H. mastersi callidus). E. Mysticarion insuetus, AM C113776 (S). F. Mysticarion porrectus, AM C101136 (PRH). G. Mysticarion hyalina, BMNH 1983075 (H). H. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C103630. I. Peloparion helenae, AM C101142 (H). J. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, BMNH not registered (S). K. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C101143 (H of B. exclusus). L. Fastosarion superba, BMNH not registered (POS). Scale bars 3 mm (G, I–K), 5 mm (A–F, H), 10 mm (L). Photographs by M. Allan (D, I), H. Barlow (A, C, H), D. Beechey (E–F, K), W. Ponder (B, G, J, L). Abbreviations: H, holotype; POS, possible syntype; PRH, probable holotype; S, syntype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312728/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">7I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBE6A23F37570C1FE68F94F" box="[361,387,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1611,1635]" captionTargetBox="[269,1321,182,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-209@27.[263,1324,182,1587]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 8. Shells, lateral view. A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C443929. B. Helicarion cuvieri, BMNH 197780 (S of Vitrina verrauxii). C. Helicarion mastersi, AM C101139 (H). D. Helicarion mastersi, AM C101138 (PRH of H. mastersi callidus). E. Mysticarion insuetus, AM C113776 (S). F. Mysticarion porrectus, AM C101136 (PRH). G. Mysticarion hyalina, BMNH 1983075 (H). H. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C103630. I. Peloparion helenae, AM C101142 (H). J. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, BMNH not registered (S). K. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C101143 (H of B. exclusus). L. Fastosarion superba, BMNH not registered (POS). Scale bars 3 mm (E–G, I–K), 5 mm (A–D, H), 10 mm (L). Photographs by H. Barlow (A, C–D, G–H, L), D. Beechey (E, J), W. Ponder (B, F, I, K). Abbreviations: H, holotype; POS, possible syntype; PRH, probable holotype; S, syntype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312730/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">8I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBE6A23F38C70C1FE40F94F" box="[400,427,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="28.[151,255,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[272,1326,344,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-215@28.[248,1339,324,1769]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 9. Shells, ventral view. A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C443929. B. Helicarion cuvieri, BMNH 197780 (S of Vitrina verrauxii). C. Helicarion mastersi, AM C101139 (H). D. Helicarion mastersi, AM C101138 (PRH of H. mastersi callidus). E. Mysticarion insuetus, AM C113776 (S). F. Mysticarion porrectus, AM C101136 (PRH). G. Mysticarion hyalina, BMNH 1983075 (H). H. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C103630. I. Peloparion helenae, AM C101142 (H). J. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, BMNH not registered (S). K. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C101143 (H of B. exclusus). L. Fastosarion superba, BMNH not registered (POS). Scale bars 3 mm (D–G, I–K), 5 mm (A–C, H), 10 mm (L). Photographs by H. Barlow (A, C–D, H–I), D. Beechey (F, K), W. Ponder (B, E, G, J, L). Abbreviations: H, holotype; POS, possible syntype; PRH, probable holotype; S, syntype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312732/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">9I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBE6A23F3AB70C1FE0DF94F" box="[439,486,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[302,1304,229,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-139@32.[292,1310,194,1789]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Reproductive systems. A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C424333. B. Helicarion mastersi, AM C334204. C. Mysticarion porrectus, AM C205296. D. Mysticarion hyalina, AM C128630. E. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C334357. F. Peloparion helenae, AM C205295. G. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C348670. H. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C205293. I. Fastosarion superba, AM C425248. Scale bars 2 mm (C–D, F–H), 5 mm (A–B, E, I). Abbreviations: alb, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; c, caecum; ep, epiphallus; fl, flagellum; fov, free oviduct; her, hermaphrodite duct; m, muscle attaching penial sheath to epiphallus (only shown in E); ov, ovotestis; p, penis; pr, prostate; prm, penis retractor muscle; pt, penial sheath; ut, uterus; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312742/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBE6A23F3ED70C1FDF4F94F" box="[497,543,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="33.[151,255,1797,1821]" captionTargetBox="[284,1311,203,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-136@33.[267,1321,194,1779]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 13. Penis interiors. A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C424333. B. Helicarion mastersi, AM C334204. C. Mysticarion porrectus, AM C205296. D. Mysticarion hyalina, AM C128630. E. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C334357. F. Peloparion helenae, AM C205295. G. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C205293. H. Fastosarion superba, AM C425248. I. Stanisicarion freycineti, AM C391188. J. Stanisicarion virens, QMMO19238. K. Eungarion mcdonaldi, AM C438760. L. Parmacochlea fischeri, AM C441743. Scale bars 1 mm (A–D, F–G I, K–L), 2 mm (E, H, J). Abbreviations: c, caecum; ep, epiphallus; fl, flagellum; p, penis; pp, penial pilaster; ppu, penial pustules; prm, penis retractor muscle; pt, penial sheath; pv, penial verge; vd, vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312744/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">13F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBE6A23F03770C1FD6DF94F" box="[555,646,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,394,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-126@36.[257,1330,394,1823]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 15. Radulae. SEM. A–C Helicarion mastersi, AM C334204. D–F. Mysticarion porrectus, QMMO29298. G–I. Mysticarion hyalina, AM C128630. J–L. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C334357. M–O. Peloparion helenae, AM C205295. P–R. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C205293. Scale bars 20 mm (A–I, M–R); 50 mm (J–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312750/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">15M–O</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBE6A23F28B7091FD64F89A" ID-CoL="3K67K" authority="Godwin-Austen, 1883: 146" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityPageNumber="146" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,655,1786,1809]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBE6A23F28B7091FE8FF89A" box="[151,356,1786,1809]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Helicarion helenae</emphasis>
Godwin-Austen, 1883: 146
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, pl. 41, figs 1–8;
<treatmentCitation id="6D1B647FFFBE6A23F1567091FBEFF89A" author="Tryon, G. W." box="[842,1028,1786,1809]" page="170" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBE6A23F1567091FBEFF89A" author="Tryon, G. W." box="[842,1028,1786,1809]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref78146" refString="Tryon, G. W. j. (1885) Manual of Conchology; Structural and Systematic. Second Series: Pulmonata. Volume I. Testacellidae, Oleacinidae, Streptaxidae, Helicoidea, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Arionidae. G. W. Tryon, jnr, Philadelphia." type="book" year="1885">Tryon, 1885: 170</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 38, figs 50–51;
<treatmentCitation id="6D1B647FFFBE6A23F6C57091FA8DF89A" author="Cox, J. C." box="[1241,1382,1786,1809]" page="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBE6A23F6C57091FA8DF89A" author="Cox, J. C." box="[1241,1382,1786,1809]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref73782" refString="Cox, J. C. (1909) A list of the subclass Pulmonata found in Australia, Part I., not including Tasmania, Lord Howe's Island (under the NSW Government), or the New Guinea Mainland and adjacent islands. Frederick W. White, Sydney, 23 pp." type="book" year="1909">Cox, 1909: 6</bibRefCitation>
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.
<treatmentCitation id="6D1B647FFFBE6A23F28B7171FDD9F8BA" author="Iredale, T." box="[151,562,1818,1841]" page="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1941">
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBE6A23F28B7171FDD9F8BA" ID-CoL="76CH2" authority="Iredale, 1941: 7" authorityName="Iredale" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,562,1818,1841]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="submissus">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBE6A23F28B7171FE69F8BA" box="[151,386,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Peloparion submissus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBE6A23F3947171FDD9F8BA" author="Iredale, T." box="[392,562,1818,1841]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref75529" refString="Iredale, T. (1941) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales - part III. The Australian Naturalist, 11, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1941">Iredale, 1941: 7</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 8;
<treatmentCitation id="6D1B647FFFBE6A23F0987171FCD4F8BA" author="Smith, B. J." box="[644,831,1818,1841]" page="240" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBE6A23F0987171FCD4F8BA" author="Smith, B. J." box="[644,831,1818,1841]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="408" refId="ref77207" refString="Smith, B. J. (1992) Non-marine Mollusca. In: Houston, W. W. K. (Ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, pp. 408." type="book chapter" year="1992">Smith, 1992: 240</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="CCAA6540FFBE6A23F28B7151FD07F8DA" box="[151,748,1850,1873]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitation id="6D1B647FFFBE6A23F28B7151FDCAF8DA" author="Iredale, T." box="[151,545,1850,1873]" page="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1941">
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBE6A23F28B7151FDCAF8DA" ID-CoL="76CGP" authority=": Iredale, 1941: 7" authorityName=": Iredale" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,545,1850,1873]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBE6A23F28B7151FE83F8DA" box="[151,360,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Peloparion helenae</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBE6A23F36A7151FDCAF8DA" author="Iredale, T." box="[374,545,1850,1873]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref75529" refString="Iredale, T. (1941) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales - part III. The Australian Naturalist, 11, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1941">Iredale, 1941: 7</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="6D1B647FFFBE6A23F0317151FD03F8DA" author="Smith, B. J." box="[557,744,1850,1873]" page="240" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBE6A23F0317151FD03F8DA" author="Smith, B. J." box="[557,744,1850,1873]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="408" refId="ref77207" refString="Smith, B. J. (1992) Non-marine Mollusca. In: Houston, W. W. K. (Ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, pp. 408." type="book chapter" year="1992">Smith, 1992: 240</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="A4A011E5FFBE6A20F28B71E9FC25FED9" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFBE6A23F28B71E9FCBBF84F" blockId="41.[151,1436,1922,1988]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBE6A23F28B71E9FE60F817" bold="true" box="[151,395,1922,1948]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="5CD24833FFBE6A23F38871E9FCBBF84F" country="Australia" latitude="-32.05" location="New South Wales" longLatPrecision="1213" longitude="150.86667" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBE6A23F38871E9FD18F817" bold="true" box="[404,755,1922,1948]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectingRegion id="2E7E8C8CFFBE6A23F38871E9FD9AF817" box="[404,625,1922,1948]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="94AD02FEFFBE6A23F06271E9FD18F817" box="[638,755,1922,1948]" name="Australia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBE6A23F11871E8FC84F817" box="[772,879,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<typeStatus id="3301FCCCFFBE6A23F11871E8FC84F817" box="[772,879,1923,1948]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBE6A23F18471E8FB6CF817" authority=": AM C" authorityName="AM C" box="[920,1159,1922,1948]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="submissus">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBE6A23F18471E8FBC7F817" box="[920,1068,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. submissus</emphasis>
: AM C
</taxonomicName>
101142 (one shell measured, photographed), Scone (
<geoCoordinate id="898E24A9FFBE6A23F3EA71C1FDA1F84F" box="[502,586,1962,1988]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="-32.05">32º3' S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="898E24A9FFBE6A23F04471C1FD20F84F" box="[600,715,1962,1988]" degrees="150" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="150.86667">150º52' E</geoCoordinate>
), pre 1941.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFBD6A20F2DF76FCFC25FED9" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1938]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F2DF76FCFE66FF3A" bold="true" box="[195,397,151,177]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Other material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="5CD24833FFBD6A20F38576F3FBD1FE89" collectingDate="2002-02-09" collectionCode="AM" collectorName="M. Shea &amp; I. Hyman &amp; C. Urquhart" county="Forest Rd." latitude="-32.1195" location="Barrington Tops National Park" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="151.67" municipality="Mountaineer Trail" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="C205295" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="8AABDAABFFBD6A20F38576F3FE23FF39" box="[409,456,152,178]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="BC1CEA15FFBD6A20F3C876F3FDD4FF39" box="[468,575,152,178]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">C205295</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="FABC89E7FFBD6A20F04F76F3FD11FF39" box="[595,762,152,178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
dissected, radula examined),
<location id="E96514B5FFBD6A20F67476F3FF3BFF51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6413F378FFBE6A20F28B70ECFC2FF819:E96514B5FFBD6A20F67476F3FF3BFF51" county="Forest Rd." latitude="-32.1195" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="151.67" municipality="Mountaineer Trail" name="Barrington Tops National Park" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Barrington Tops National Park</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="0C61D814FFBD6A20F2C176ABFE5CFF51" box="[221,439,192,218]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mountaineer Trail</collectingMunicipality>
, ~
<quantity id="2B42EF8BFFBD6A20F3C876ABFDF9FF51" box="[468,530,192,218]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
from the beginning of the trail (at
<collectingCounty id="05643AE2FFBD6A20F1A576ABFBDCFF51" box="[953,1079,192,218]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Forest Rd.</collectingCounty>
) (
<geoCoordinate id="898E24A9FFBD6A20F64D76ABFB0BFF51" box="[1105,1248,192,218]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="07.17" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="9" value="-32.1195">32º07.17’ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="898E24A9FFBD6A20F6F376ABFA65FF51" box="[1263,1422,192,218]" degrees="151" direction="east" minutes="40.20" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="9" value="151.67">151º40.20’ E</geoCoordinate>
), mixed beech forest, in leaf litter,
<date id="980464AEFFBD6A20F0027683FD46FE89" box="[542,685,232,258]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2002-02-09">
<collectingDate id="88409D46FFBD6A20F0027683FD46FE89" box="[542,685,232,258]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2002-02-09">9 Feb. 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="414F27B8FFBD6A20F0A67683FCF4FE89" box="[698,799,232,258]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. Shea</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="414F27B8FFBD6A20F1377683FC76FE89" box="[811,925,232,258]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">I. Hyman</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="414F27B8FFBD6A20F1B67683FBD1FE89" box="[938,1082,232,258]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. Urquhart</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="5CD24833FFBD6A20F65B7683FC22FED9" collectingDate="1993-02-04" collectingDateMax="1993-04-09" collectingDateMin="1993-02-04" collectionCode="AM" collectorName="M. Gray &amp; G. Cassis" county="Berrico Rd." latitude="-32.108166" location="Gloucester" longLatPrecision="79" longitude="151.765" municipality="Chichester State Forest" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="C337633" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="8AABDAABFFBD6A20F65B7683FB9DFE89" box="[1095,1142,232,258]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="BC1CEA15FFBD6A20F6627683FB02FE89" box="[1150,1257,232,258]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">C337633</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="FABC89E7FFBD6A20F6E57683FA70FE89" box="[1273,1435,232,258]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
dissected), W of
<location id="E96514B5FFBD6A20F375777BFE01FEA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6413F378FFBE6A20F28B70ECFC2FF819:E96514B5FFBD6A20F375777BFE01FEA1" box="[361,490,272,298]" county="Berrico Rd." latitude="-32.108166" longLatPrecision="79" longitude="151.765" municipality="Chichester State Forest" name="Gloucester" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Gloucester</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="0C61D814FFBD6A20F3E5777BFCF8FEA1" box="[505,787,272,298]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Chichester State Forest</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="05643AE2FFBD6A20F13F777BFC59FEA1" box="[803,946,272,298]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Berrico Rd.</collectingCounty>
,
<locationDeviation id="FDB75B4CFFBD6A20F1DE777BFAEEFEA1" box="[962,1285,272,298]" location="Kunungra Rd." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<quantity id="2B42EF8BFFBD6A20F1DE777BFBE7FEA1" box="[962,1036,272,298]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="km" value="2.3">2.3km</quantity>
N of Kunungra Rd.
</locationDeviation>
(
<geoCoordinate id="898E24A9FFBD6A20F705777BFA7DFEA1" box="[1305,1430,272,298]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="6.49" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="9" value="-32.108166">32º6.49' S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="898E24A9FFBD6A20F28B7753FECAFED9" box="[151,289,312,338]" degrees="151" direction="east" minutes="45.9" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="92" value="151.765">151º45.9' E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="980464AEFFBD6A20F32A7753FDC1FED9" box="[310,554,312,338]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1993-02-04" valueMax="1993-04-09" valueMin="1993-02-04">
<collectingDate id="88409D46FFBD6A20F32A7753FDC1FED9" box="[310,554,312,338]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1993-02-04" valueMax="1993-04-09" valueMin="1993-02-04">4 Feb. – 9 Apr. 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, presented by
<collectorName id="414F27B8FFBD6A20F0CE7753FCDEFED9" box="[722,821,312,338]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. Gray</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="414F27B8FFBD6A20F1477753FC22FED9" box="[859,969,312,338]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">G. Cassis</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A4A011E5FFBD6A20F2DA7734FAB1FB49" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFBD6A20F2DA7734FCA8FDC9" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1938]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F2DA7734FEB5FEF2" bold="true" box="[198,350,351,377]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F376770BFD8CFEF2" box="[362,615,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">External morphology</emphasis>
: Shell (
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBD6A20F0D6770BFCA1FEF1" box="[714,842,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="26.[151,255,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[268,1321,214,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-160@26.[246,1340,194,1659]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 7. Shells, dorsal view. A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C443929. B. Helicarion cuvieri, BMNH 197780 (S of Vitrina verrauxii). C. Helicarion mastersi, AM C101139 (H). D. Helicarion mastersi, AM C101138 (PRH of H. mastersi callidus). E. Mysticarion insuetus, AM C113776 (S). F. Mysticarion porrectus, AM C101136 (PRH). G. Mysticarion hyalina, BMNH 1983075 (H). H. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C103630. I. Peloparion helenae, AM C101142 (H). J. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, BMNH not registered (S). K. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C101143 (H of B. exclusus). L. Fastosarion superba, BMNH not registered (POS). Scale bars 3 mm (G, I–K), 5 mm (A–F, H), 10 mm (L). Photographs by M. Allan (D, I), H. Barlow (A, C, H), D. Beechey (E–F, K), W. Ponder (B, G, J, L). Abbreviations: H, holotype; POS, possible syntype; PRH, probable holotype; S, syntype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312728/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figures 7I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBD6A20F146770BFC9FFEF1" box="[858,884,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1611,1635]" captionTargetBox="[269,1321,182,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-209@27.[263,1324,182,1587]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 8. Shells, lateral view. A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C443929. B. Helicarion cuvieri, BMNH 197780 (S of Vitrina verrauxii). C. Helicarion mastersi, AM C101139 (H). D. Helicarion mastersi, AM C101138 (PRH of H. mastersi callidus). E. Mysticarion insuetus, AM C113776 (S). F. Mysticarion porrectus, AM C101136 (PRH). G. Mysticarion hyalina, BMNH 1983075 (H). H. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C103630. I. Peloparion helenae, AM C101142 (H). J. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, BMNH not registered (S). K. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C101143 (H of B. exclusus). L. Fastosarion superba, BMNH not registered (POS). Scale bars 3 mm (E–G, I–K), 5 mm (A–D, H), 10 mm (L). Photographs by H. Barlow (A, C–D, G–H, L), D. Beechey (E, J), W. Ponder (B, F, I, K). Abbreviations: H, holotype; POS, possible syntype; PRH, probable holotype; S, syntype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312730/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">8I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBD6A20F199770BFC75FEF1" box="[901,926,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="28.[151,255,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[272,1326,344,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-215@28.[248,1339,324,1769]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 9. Shells, ventral view. A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C443929. B. Helicarion cuvieri, BMNH 197780 (S of Vitrina verrauxii). C. Helicarion mastersi, AM C101139 (H). D. Helicarion mastersi, AM C101138 (PRH of H. mastersi callidus). E. Mysticarion insuetus, AM C113776 (S). F. Mysticarion porrectus, AM C101136 (PRH). G. Mysticarion hyalina, BMNH 1983075 (H). H. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C103630. I. Peloparion helenae, AM C101142 (H). J. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, BMNH not registered (S). K. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C101143 (H of B. exclusus). L. Fastosarion superba, BMNH not registered (POS). Scale bars 3 mm (D–G, I–K), 5 mm (A–C, H), 10 mm (L). Photographs by H. Barlow (A, C–D, H–I), D. Beechey (F, K), W. Ponder (B, E, G, J, L). Abbreviations: H, holotype; POS, possible syntype; PRH, probable holotype; S, syntype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312732/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">9I</figureCitation>
) reduced, about 2.7 whorls, light orangebrown; protoconch sculptured with incised spiral grooves, otherwise shape and sculpture as for genus. Animal (
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBD6A20F28377DBFEDDFE41" box="[159,310,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="24.[151,255,1610,1634]" captionTargetBox="[223,1361,270,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-133@24.[220,1367,266,1583]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 5. External morphology of semislugs. A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C424333 (Corinna, TAS). B. Mysticarion porrectus, QMMO29298 (Robertson, SE NSW). C. Mysticarion hyalina, AM C128630 (Cunningham’s Gap, SE QLD). D. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C334357 (Wauchope, NSW). E–F. Peloparion helenae, AM C205295 (Barrington Tops, NSW). G. Stanisicarion virens, QMMO19234 (Brisbane, SE QLD). Scale bars 2 mm (B–C, E–G), 5 mm (A), 10 mm (D). Abbreviations: cah, caudal horn; cp, caudal pit; lla, left mantle lap; mlo, median mantle lobe; rla, right mantle lap; rlo, right mantle lobe; sh, shell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312724/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 5E–F</figureCitation>
) cream with red edge to foot and brown spots on side of foot; tiny specks of pale pigment present (similar pigment is iridescent in live specimens of
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F10277B3FC91FE7A" authorityName="Hyman, 2007 Semislug (Hyman" authorityYear="2007" box="[798,890,472,497]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F10277B3FC91FE7A" box="[798,890,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Right mantle lap large, rounded; left mantle lap slightly smaller, tapering to a point; colour and fusion as for genus. Mantle lobes of medium size; left and median mantle lobes fused. Caudal horn moderately large.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFBD6A20F2DF743BFCE3FDE1" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1938]" box="[195,776,592,618]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F2DF743BFDB0FDE2" box="[195,603,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mantle cavity and digestive system</emphasis>
: As for genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFBD6A20F2DF7413FD24FC09" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1938]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F2DF7413FE9EFD1A" box="[195,373,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Genital system</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBD6A20F3957413FDF7FD19" box="[393,540,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[302,1304,229,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-139@32.[292,1310,194,1789]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Reproductive systems. A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C424333. B. Helicarion mastersi, AM C334204. C. Mysticarion porrectus, AM C205296. D. Mysticarion hyalina, AM C128630. E. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C334357. F. Peloparion helenae, AM C205295. G. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C348670. H. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C205293. I. Fastosarion superba, AM C425248. Scale bars 2 mm (C–D, F–H), 5 mm (A–B, E, I). Abbreviations: alb, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; c, caecum; ep, epiphallus; fl, flagellum; fov, free oviduct; her, hermaphrodite duct; m, muscle attaching penial sheath to epiphallus (only shown in E); ov, ovotestis; p, penis; pr, prostate; prm, penis retractor muscle; pt, penial sheath; ut, uterus; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312742/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figures 12F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBD6A20F0317413FDB4FD19" box="[557,607,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="33.[151,255,1797,1821]" captionTargetBox="[284,1311,203,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-136@33.[267,1321,194,1779]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 13. Penis interiors. A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C424333. B. Helicarion mastersi, AM C334204. C. Mysticarion porrectus, AM C205296. D. Mysticarion hyalina, AM C128630. E. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C334357. F. Peloparion helenae, AM C205295. G. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C205293. H. Fastosarion superba, AM C425248. I. Stanisicarion freycineti, AM C391188. J. Stanisicarion virens, QMMO19238. K. Eungarion mcdonaldi, AM C438760. L. Parmacochlea fischeri, AM C441743. Scale bars 1 mm (A–D, F–G I, K–L), 2 mm (E, H, J). Abbreviations: c, caecum; ep, epiphallus; fl, flagellum; p, penis; pp, penial pilaster; ppu, penial pustules; prm, penis retractor muscle; pt, penial sheath; pv, penial verge; vd, vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312744/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">13F</figureCitation>
): As for genus. Bursa copulatrix short, less than half spermoviduct length; duct of bursa copulatrix narrow. Penis short, very wide; epiphallus enters penis through a medium verge, less than half penis length; penis internally smooth, one longitudinal and one circular penis pilaster present. Epiphallus approximately equal to penis length, simple internally. Epiphallic flagellum without externally visible cryptae, distal part of epiphallus with small internal cryptae forming external projections. Spermatophore soft capsule with firm tail pipe open at one end, tail pipe moderately long, narrow, sculptured at base of capsule with few short branching spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFBD6A20F2DF75FBFB4EFC21" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1938]" box="[195,1189,912,938]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F2DF75FBFEFCFC22" box="[195,279,912,937]" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Porellales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F2DF75FBFEFCFC22" box="[195,279,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Radula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFBD6A20F33B75FBFE37FC21" box="[295,476,912,938]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[257,1330,394,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-126@36.[257,1330,394,1823]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 15. Radulae. SEM. A–C Helicarion mastersi, AM C334204. D–F. Mysticarion porrectus, QMMO29298. G–I. Mysticarion hyalina, AM C128630. J–L. Parmavitrina planilabris, AM C334357. M–O. Peloparion helenae, AM C205295. P–R. Brevisentis jacksoniensis, AM C205293. Scale bars 20 mm (A–I, M–R); 50 mm (J–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312750/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 15M–O</figureCitation>
): As for genus. Radular formula (48.12.1.12.48) × 120 rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFBD6A20F2DA75DCFAB1FB49" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1938]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F2DA75DCFE5CFC5A" bold="true" box="[198,439,951,977]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Range and habitat.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F3A375D3FD4DFC5A" authorityName=": Iredale" authorityYear="1941" box="[447,678,952,977]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F3A375D3FD4DFC5A" box="[447,678,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peloparion helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be restricted to the region around Scone,
<collectingRegion id="2E7E8C8CFFBD6A20F70475D3FF09FC71" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
. It is known from the Chichester State Forest, NW of Dungog, and Barrington Tops National Park. This appears to disagree with the
<typeStatus id="3301FCCCFFBD6A20F3E97263FDCCFBA9" box="[501,551,1032,1058]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
locality, which was given as Sydney (
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBD6A20F1E27263FAF8FBA9" author="Godwin-Austen, H. H." box="[1022,1299,1032,1058]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref74602" refString="Godwin-Austen, H. H. (1883 b) Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India, Including South Arabia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Nepal, Burmah, Pegu, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, and Other Islands of the Indian Ocean. Part IV. Supplementary to Messrs. Theobald and Hanley's Conchologica Indica. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1883">Godwin-Austen 1883b</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBD6A20F28B725BFE5DFBC1" author="Godwin-Austen, H. H." box="[151,438,1072,1098]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref74602" refString="Godwin-Austen, H. H. (1883 b) Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India, Including South Arabia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Nepal, Burmah, Pegu, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, and Other Islands of the Indian Ocean. Part IV. Supplementary to Messrs. Theobald and Hanley's Conchologica Indica. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1883">Godwin-Austen (1883b)</bibRefCitation>
mistakenly illustrated animals belonging two species in his original description [see Hyman (2007) for more details], one of which was from Sydney and is now known as
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F6D37233FEACFB11" authority="(Hyman 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Hyman" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F6D37233FA77FBFA" box="[1231,1436,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peloparion iridis</emphasis>
(Hyman 2007)
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="3301FCCCFFBD6A20F39672EBFE57FB11" box="[394,444,1152,1178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
locality of synonym
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F0A772EBFCBAFB12" box="[699,849,1152,1177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="submissus">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F0A772EBFCBAFB12" box="[699,849,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. submissus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was Scone.
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F1FB72EBFB24FB12" authorityName=": Iredale" authorityYear="1941" box="[999,1231,1152,1177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F1FB72EBFB24FB12" box="[999,1231,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peloparion helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is partially arboreal in habitat, having been found on tree leaves and under loose bark on trees as well as from leaf litter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A4A011E5FFBD6A20F2DA72A4FC2FF819" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFBD6A20F2DA72A4FF08FA51" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1938]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F2DA72A4FED4FB62" bold="true" box="[198,319,1231,1257]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F3D772BBFD5FFB62" authorityName=": Iredale" authorityYear="1941" box="[459,692,1232,1257]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F3D772BBFD5FFB62" box="[459,692,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peloparion helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has previously been used to refer to a larger semislug with a grey or brown body colour from Sydney. Hyman (2007) showed that
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBD6A20F1C47293FB13FA99" author="Godwin-Austen, H. H." box="[984,1272,1272,1298]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref74602" refString="Godwin-Austen, H. H. (1883 b) Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India, Including South Arabia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Nepal, Burmah, Pegu, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, and Other Islands of the Indian Ocean. Part IV. Supplementary to Messrs. Theobald and Hanley's Conchologica Indica. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1883">Godwin-Austen (1883b)</bibRefCitation>
inadvertently illustrated two species in his original description of
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F0E2734BFC0AFAB2" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1883" box="[766,993,1312,1337]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F0E2734BFC0AFAB2" box="[766,993,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Helicarion helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a larger grey species (shell diameter
<quantity id="2B42EF8BFFBD6A20F28B7323FEFDFAE9" box="[151,278,1352,1378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 mm</quantity>
) and a smaller red-coloured species from around Scone (shell diameter
<quantity id="2B42EF8BFFBD6A20F6427323FB4CFAE9" box="[1118,1191,1352,1378]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
). The specimens that were dissected and on which he based his description were the smaller red animals, so the name
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F704731BFF19FA3A" authorityName=": Iredale" authorityYear="1941" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F704731BFF19FA3A" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peloparion helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was retained for this species and
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F08B73F3FC8FFA3A" baseAuthorityName="Hyman" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[663,868,1432,1457]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F08B73F3FC8FFA3A" box="[663,868,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peloparion iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
introduced for the larger grey animal (Hyman 2007).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFBD6A20F2DF7383FC3FF9A1" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1938]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F2DF7383FE40F98A" authorityName=": Iredale" authorityYear="1941" box="[195,427,1512,1537]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F2DF7383FE40F98A" box="[195,427,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peloparion helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F0D77383FB9CF989" authority="(Iredale 1937 c)" baseAuthorityName="Iredale" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[715,1143,1512,1538]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helicarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F0D77383FC5DF98A" box="[715,950,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Helicarion hyalinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBD6A20F1DB7383FB85F989" author="Iredale, T." box="[967,1134,1512,1538]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref75467" refString="Iredale, T. (1937 c) A basic list of the land Mollusca of Australia - part II. Australian Zoologist, 9, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1937">Iredale 1937c</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but later separated (
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBD6A20F76C7383FEE6F9A1" author="Iredale, T." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref75529" refString="Iredale, T. (1941) Guide to the land shells of New South Wales - part III. The Australian Naturalist, 11, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1941">Iredale 1941</bibRefCitation>
), a decision upheld by Smith (1998) and
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBD6A20F0F3707BFC3AF9A1" author="Smith, B. J. &amp; Reid, S. &amp; Ponder, W. F." box="[751,977,1552,1578]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref77380" refString="Smith, B. J., Reid, S. &amp; Ponder, W. F. (2002) Australian Faunal Directory, Mollusca: Pulmonata. Australian Biological Resources Study, http: // www. deh. gov. au / cgi-bin / abrs / abif-fauna / tree. pl? pstrVol = PULMONATA &amp; pintMode = 1." type="url" year="2002">
Smith
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F120707BFC9CF9A2" box="[828,887,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFBD6A20F2DF7053FD6AF929" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1938]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
The small range of
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F3A87053FDC4F9DA" authorityName=": Iredale" authorityYear="1941" box="[436,559,1592,1617]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F3A87053FDC4F9DA" box="[436,559,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contrasts with the extremely wide but disjunct range of
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F6F87053FAA9F9DA" baseAuthorityName="Hyman" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[1252,1346,1592,1617]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F6F87053FAA9F9DA" box="[1252,1346,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which includes specimens from around Sydney and from around the New South Wales-Queensland border (Hyman 2007). The two species are not sympatric.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFBD6A20F2DF70DBFC2FF819" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,1938]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Another specimen from the same region was also dissected (AM C168888). This specimen appeared to be identical to
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F33470B3FE48F97A" authorityName=": Iredale" authorityYear="1941" box="[296,419,1752,1777]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F33470B3FE48F97A" box="[296,419,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
externally, but differed in the presence of a shorter flagellum with internal cryptae. There may also have been some slight differences in the penis interior, but the penis was everted and this was difficult to ascertain. These differences are considerable and it is possible that a second cryptic species is present. However, since
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFBD6A20F395713BFDE9F8E2" authorityName=": Iredale" authorityYear="1941" box="[393,514,1872,1897]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Peloparion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFBD6A20F395713BFDE9F8E2" box="[393,514,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recognised based on the reproductive system described by
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFBD6A20F6FD713BFF1DF819" author="Godwin-Austen, H. H." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref74602" refString="Godwin-Austen, H. H. (1883 b) Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India, Including South Arabia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Nepal, Burmah, Pegu, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, and Other Islands of the Indian Ocean. Part IV. Supplementary to Messrs. Theobald and Hanley's Conchologica Indica. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1883">Godwin-Austen (1883b)</bibRefCitation>
, it is clear that the name is being used for the correct species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>