472 lines
56 KiB
XML
472 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="22013" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359" ID-GBIF-Dataset="99c6eb43-dc87-4106-82ed-1325f4df7b26" ID-PMC="PMC7250940" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-934-25" ID-Pensoft-UUID="598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3" ID-PubMed="32508494" ID-ZooBank="B9F2C8D8C0314191B6F51E78D4D6881E" ModsDocID="1313-2970-934-25" checkinTime="1589939917447" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Rachel R. & Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2020" docId="636C8FB19559580E826520422D880B66" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 934: 25-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 934" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359" docTitle="Chasmogenus bariorum Garcia 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 of northeastern South America with an emphasis on Venezuela, Suriname, and Guyana (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1732684861311" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="45DC189FAE3F3855716CC8B400F59774">Review of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 of northeastern South America with an emphasis on Venezuela, Suriname, and Guyana (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="590EA58B57207EEDE1775C00B9AA7A21" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="27836D0310DE9BC732777F5491ABEFF8">Smith, Rachel R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9B797FDB745BBDB938DD1479C86CA1D3">Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6D70978F6400C1E074AB57E49EE13E05" type="email">rr.smith816@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D77D1F3B320C400ABD639D604923A9B9">Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AD2ABB0D145925204D108E8C533D924C">Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="93BC4B68E361C9F14C12EBA9F835571D" type="email">aezshort@ku.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B3398B59E31ECCCF24173FC7D84602EC">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="510A3D0972B553744D890A6579A92E68">
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<mods:date id="0CAD2B2DD1FAB16F2D60263C89C16DB8">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0B273BF1F3F40BAAF4F6BF22F5CD8B5C">934</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="F51FC6E2057EB754952E63E0E3D0FE01">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="18D479269096160120413297ABDDBA6B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B45F3078FDCF27DFB707CD417C420AC4" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="636C8FB19559580E826520422D880B66" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164241248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:636C8FB19559580E826520422D880B66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/636C8FB19559580E826520422D880B66" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" scope_family="Hydrophilidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Acidocerinae">
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<subSubSection id="DF1B2B9E50F5D7DDB68CEDA1465DB280" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4D1032C7D9B9C79B3E069E71ED7B9F5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="14FAD4F6D2D7E4DEFB5B7942DC44AFCC" ID-CoL="TQ9S" LSID="636C8FB1-9559-580E-8265-20422D880B66" authority="Garcia, 2000" authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus bariorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bariorum">
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Chasmogenus bariorum
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<normalizedToken id="5CBAB49F3485BE4C9C4BB17CDBEF97F1" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
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, 2000
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="F7D1FD68758FB93E0DD33676669460BE" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. flavomarginatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. bariorum: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. G-I C. castaneus G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411758" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figures 3D-F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="6DC60A4EF0A72F4AE9B589C587E564BE" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype labels of the four Venezuelan species of Chasmogenus described by Garcia (2000)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411761" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="42C9AC9451B9E465BC55ADBCD7E1CB07" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral view of mesoventrite. A C. bariorum B C. cuspifer. Scale bar: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411762" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 7A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="964181C780DE2A9B6F387C0F6A718A50" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. A C. castaneus B C. australis C C. bariorum D C. cuspifer E C. flavomarginatus F C. lineatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411763" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 8C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="2CD09C0A74CCCDE790A83C6EFF9C474D" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi (dorsal view) A C. bariorum holotype (Venezuela: Zulia) B C. occidentalis holotype C C. yukparum holotype D-H C. bariorum D specimen from Zulia E specimen from Aragua F specimen from Falcon G specimen from Guarico H specimen from Trujillo. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411766" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 11A-H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="14C62A2F3E0B6967BA89534621A39774" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution of Chasmogenus spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411772" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 17</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="CD83FB02C6FF20FF11A18D757756A42A" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in the Andean region of Venezuela. A, B Type locality and habitat for C. bariorum, C. cuspifer, and C. castaneus, near El Tukuko, Rio Manantial collecting event VZ 09 - 0129 - 01 A) C habitat for C. bariorum and C. cuspifer, Henri Pittier National Park, Rio Cumboto (collecting event VZ 09 - 0104 - 02 B) D type locality and habitat for C. flavomarginatus, ca. 13 km NW of Baranitas (collecting event VZ 12 - 0124 - 02 B) E habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, between San Juan and Dos Caminos, Rio San Antonio (collecting event VZ 09 - 0108 - 02 A) F habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, near Arenales, Rio Salado (collecting event VZ 09 - 0122 - 01 X)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411774" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 19A-C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B9C303F1B8D5D685DC1F33716254649A" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in the Andean region of Venezuela. A, B Type locality and habitat for C. bariorum, C. cuspifer, and C. castaneus, near El Tukuko, Rio Manantial collecting event VZ 09 - 0129 - 01 A) C habitat for C. bariorum and C. cuspifer, Henri Pittier National Park, Rio Cumboto (collecting event VZ 09 - 0104 - 02 B) D type locality and habitat for C. flavomarginatus, ca. 13 km NW of Baranitas (collecting event VZ 12 - 0124 - 02 B) E habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, between San Juan and Dos Caminos, Rio San Antonio (collecting event VZ 09 - 0108 - 02 A) F habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, near Arenales, Rio Salado (collecting event VZ 09 - 0122 - 01 X)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411774" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 19E, F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DC2A19A91EB101BA992B38677E2A789C" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BC8F975871AF2AB496C20C417A94CB6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="DBDCC7A0B1A1A67ABE3DD1B918538919" authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus bariorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bariorum">Chasmogenus bariorum</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="564EA2FB3D48D594459D22B38EF880E6" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
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, 2000: 49.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BCB12D9FF8AB2CE9A531F3FC0659774" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="synonyms">
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<paragraph id="5000B71DC1838BB2A613196A948A6D40" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Synonyms.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CDED457A5A2535985C51124970FEF2B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="3BFB58DC2BA5C70F87649EA3050C8A3B" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus occidentalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis id="89B4D170702720F04E12840FB4C61572" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Chasmogenus occidentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="FE8BFB75ACE2D13073490331EC5E0629" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
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, 2000, syn. nov. Type material examined: Holotype (male): "Venezuela, Zulia/Mcpio. Machique de/ Perija, El Tokuku,/300 msnm 03/V/1998", "Colectores:/M.
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<normalizedToken id="0BBD9525AB3478335DA0F0C81D8123A8" originalValue="García”">Garcia"</normalizedToken>
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, "[Barcode]/ MALUZ10150/ LUZ-Venezuela", "Holotipo ['male
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<normalizedToken id="0D153570D824A789686A08BF8CB4FCFE" originalValue="symbol’">symbol'</normalizedToken>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="461C03C7CD6D4EC43EEE92728747C736" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chasmogenus</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="742C312E549201E0D64E1678C5198252" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="occidentalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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/ Dcrip. M.
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<normalizedToken id="0AB60C7B9B29C3B213E0B21CADA15977" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
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, 1999" (MALUZ). The date on the label of the holotype (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="6F6443FB76F8ECC881BA370259A73A97" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype labels of the four Venezuelan species of Chasmogenus described by Garcia (2000)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411761" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">6</figureCitation>
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) differs slightly from that given in the original description, which was listed as 2 May 1995 instead of 3 May 1998. The type is an undissected male, the aedeagus is visibly protruding from the abdomen. We also examined a permanent genitalia slide that had been presumed to be the holotype and is labeled as this species (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="171CEBA16F46A9F7F947A7439E072D06" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi (dorsal view) A C. bariorum holotype (Venezuela: Zulia) B C. occidentalis holotype C C. yukparum holotype D-H C. bariorum D specimen from Zulia E specimen from Aragua F specimen from Falcon G specimen from Guarico H specimen from Trujillo. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411766" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">11B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F8821BB2F1CF64D097BA4E9F39AECC1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="536AB2F68D3192AB8DF750E8B41EED16" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus yukparum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yukparum">
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<emphasis id="FAA81ED14A9A933A671029015ECFA362" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Chasmogenus yukparum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="57854AEADC1709BE914A845847859A15" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
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, 2000, syn. nov. Type material examined: Holotype (male): "Venezuela, Zulia/Mcpio. Machique de/ Perija, El Tokuku,/300 msnm 03/V/1998", "Colectores:/M.
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<normalizedToken id="7C395483A0CAB6BB4B920FE5116E6C44" originalValue="García”">Garcia"</normalizedToken>
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, "[Barcode]/ MALUZ10149/ LUZ-Venezuela", "Holotipo ['male
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<normalizedToken id="26420907985EEB90761085C802EB0A2A" originalValue="symbol’">symbol'</normalizedToken>
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/
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||
<taxonomicName id="C6596C4C0645135D3D5705C200F9CE5C" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chasmogenus</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="579A9653C1DA26FA12E046842819F45E" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="yukparum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yukparum">yukparum</taxonomicName>
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/ Dcrip. M.
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<normalizedToken id="012A85EF8A7EC9CD19C5C58ECBB1007A" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
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, 1998" (MALUZ). The date on the label of the holotype (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="0E257ED868EE5704EA703E771585A416" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype labels of the four Venezuelan species of Chasmogenus described by Garcia (2000)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411761" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">6</figureCitation>
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) differs slightly from that given in the original description, which was listed as 5 May 1995 instead of 3 May 1998. The dorsal portion of the abdomen is missing and may be the result of dissection. We also examined a permanent genitalia slide which is labeled as this species and had been presumed to be the holotype (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="C012600B146C436EFD001BDF1C76A327" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi (dorsal view) A C. bariorum holotype (Venezuela: Zulia) B C. occidentalis holotype C C. yukparum holotype D-H C. bariorum D specimen from Zulia E specimen from Aragua F specimen from Falcon G specimen from Guarico H specimen from Trujillo. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411766" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">11C</figureCitation>
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). The description of this species was based on a single male so we assume the genitalia on the slide is the holotype.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="0D9B80BCD02A91C3BD6A96CC93CE45D5" doi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411762" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph id="CF758A807E371028B2A0262B31D83427" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="0D6CE206B33A64E60EF3A4927BF6D471" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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Lateral view of mesoventrite.
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<emphasis id="67F8A46D7C2E5206BD7F9963F6BA0A87" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1B21BA88F6CE221D262CC0922B7384D4" lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
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<emphasis id="6EF639C5A87049D6C0B20B1530F443C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="658A923F60F7FC73F663FE6686BFEBBF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="336B9CA5451603B69AF1B9DAD4D25B97" lsidName="C. cuspifer" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="cuspifer">
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<emphasis id="4950D6A289099A61C31ED5C9BDB4427E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. cuspifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bar: 0.10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F4C97D989D94FD496A0646D3781DCDB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="023C0AE33DCAC18CFBB524F17D772889" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Type material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F0D6B6C0FD3C66338576C392033515D" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="8B2C6C0EE7083578AFF24C8A5DAEF0E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Holotype (male)</emphasis>
|
||
: "Venezuela, Zulia/Mcpio. Machique de/ Perija, El Tokuku,/300 msnm 03/V/1998", "Colectores:/M.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A3C71762A850EFF68D3E38F2CF67EA55" originalValue="García”">Garcia"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, "[Barcode]/ MALUZ10148/ LUZ-Venezuela", "Holotipo ['male
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7307EF73BCBE32137FD56A3C4BECAF89" originalValue="symbol’">symbol'</normalizedToken>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="161ADBCEE1A330C90CC375CB60F69417" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chasmogenus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BF60CDD1A280542D3F38D80302D819" authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="bariorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bariorum">bariorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Dcrip. M.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5508D5DE1DAEA0BBEE67E590C5F3E3DC" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1998" (MALUZ). The date on the label of the holotype (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="61C241BD21014D218FF0D8F306FA105E" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype labels of the four Venezuelan species of Chasmogenus described by Garcia (2000)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411761" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs slightly from that given in the original description, which was listed as 2 May 1995 instead of 3 May 1998. The type is an undissected male, the aedeagus is visibly protruding from the abdomen. We also examined a permanent genitalia slide that had been presumed to be the holotype and is labeled as this species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="911A595613A7155120D9EAD7A23128CE" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi (dorsal view) A C. bariorum holotype (Venezuela: Zulia) B C. occidentalis holotype C C. yukparum holotype D-H C. bariorum D specimen from Zulia E specimen from Aragua F specimen from Falcon G specimen from Guarico H specimen from Trujillo. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411766" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="41ED19376227C44796E5AB9858D8E4E3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411763" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph id="1615C8372AE71935F871AAE79A8D6022" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="35400D39E32DDCED3E94F60B9612B963" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of heads of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3009773B96FC3270396F4FDCFAC636F" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5F5B9E2C79472481726ED773BA92732B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<emphasis id="D11A5BAF9D6D8E395AC6B6BCD1117267" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="985FF06421C25EA52AA1C12ABCD978D7" lsidName="C. castaneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="castaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8E6055CCEE70F51CA0D5ABC641616C10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. castaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="98573A36698B1A53888E87C69F8C2B3A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4776B0C5DEAAA71A35E63A23952A7E04" lsidName="C. australis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F78670CC50BAC515A7F57AD52F7075BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECB8B0E921CC4595D94319E4DE650CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="585954B288842DA159C17162858787EE" lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="73680A25059F5608BEA5EE81865C3CB2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="7192A10E81433360B77DF31095E5B785" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC9D3936D4465259430490A63893D187" lsidName="C. cuspifer" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="cuspifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EE02478BD54E3992DE4B04B12E9681D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. cuspifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="3B399976BB15504DE971DCE6B456BF41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="410EA60270EDB432A2CED8EF184C60AB" lsidName="C. flavomarginatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="flavomarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD6B13535E94589FD6A2ACB05AB1A26A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. flavomarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5124C4C0B716AD41F4F5C4CD37FFC64" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="315D7058931343EB913592E51D30FE43" lsidName="C. lineatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D51A567C0B2E58477E8F71EE2EB32628" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1ADFEA9C1798B8DB3D81D07FC1A95227" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="B0BBB2FE70B5D2B5111115044EF39D72" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Additional material examined (198).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7708D3C9985D55F210BFACBE4AD08852" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD6DA6291646B9E865263AE4CD33B80D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Venezuela: Aragua</emphasis>
|
||
: Henri Pittier National Park,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6786361C79C639E252D2D1374FC352F0" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
La Trilla,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2D0B0B0BE21256FDFE19020AC62CF8A0" degrees="10.37319" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.37319">10.37319°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6FDF2C0A3A2FB3B9511ED21F4FDAF47C" degrees="67.74250" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.7425">67.74250°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 295 m, 4.i.2009, Short, Miller, Camacho, &
|
||
<normalizedToken id="87A9B0EB42DC2A6FA5D9D2A8C5DFDBFE" originalValue="Garíca">Garica</normalizedToken>
|
||
[sic], pools, VZ09-0104-01A (25 exs., MIZA, SEMC, including DNA Vouchers SLE078 and SLE531); Henri Pittier National Park,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="11D9C081F48B46923EF1957BBE388360" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cumboto,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CDC1B15BDBE7026C183D1D239219CFD9" degrees="10.39376" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.39376">10.39376N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A7A9B986572B20ED68CED9F683843114" degrees="67.79597" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.79597">67.79597W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 130m, 4.i.2009, leg. Short,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CCBDB8E640FAEC5945408662A1AF18E1" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, & Miller, riverside pools, VZ09-0104-02B (7 exs., SEMC); Henri Pittier National Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5D176F1761AAD49DE619FFC32B699870" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="21.017" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.350284">10°21.017'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DC873485172A36E8639A04270C0F04E" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="40.883" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.68138">67°40.883'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 5.i.2009, leg. Miller, Camacho, and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B49300AC4AD8349D46FF1539CAC0D382" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, small stream, VZ09-0105-01A (1 ex., SEMC).
|
||
<emphasis id="C7E5CCD185D4EDD96916B93F7BED994C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DCC6B4A141D6485D8FBF11CD821CABAC" originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6D29166D48EC5867C9008819D2951746" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
San Antonio, north of Dos Caminos,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6F0231F50FAEB4673D1FB871F8938B49" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="46.320" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.772">9°46.320'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D437B3C1C171E96E6FFF5AE4154BCD15" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="21.177" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.35295">67°21.177'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 280 m, 8.i.2009, leg. Short, Miller and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="270C5DB3F4C86F9F8C0B6989CE52532D" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, river margins, VZ09-0108-02A (7 exs., SEMC); same as previous except: leg. Miller & Short, side stream, VZ09-0108-02B (8 exs., SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE1613); same as previous except: leg. K. B. Miller, micro habitats, VZ09-0108-02C (2 exs., SEMC); Stream at road crossing, north of Palenque,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7A1A61C8859A0C6B36F7590DBDA2A75D" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="6.794" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.113234">9°6.794'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DA5F944AB0325A1EBDB31B25DF304811" degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="59.595" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-66.99325">66°59.595'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 152m, 8.i.2009, leg. Short,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5DC4315161FD506FBF3BA32C648DA1BA" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Miller, Camacho and Joly, stream, VZ09-0108-03X (3 exs, SEMC);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="756544EB7BCB4E46F40F9AF8D4536A4D" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C9C254DC8DA09C197EC070781DF9F20C" originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
|
||
, N. San Juan,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0DBBB421DCD3ED2C8757E88825CED2CE" degrees="9.95788" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.95788">9.95788N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E8EE2CF90B088C45F50A7CBC7E4EC35F" degrees="67.37773" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.37773">67.37773W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 435 m, 8.i.2009, leg. K. Miller & L. Joly, along river, VZ09-0108-01X (5 exs., SEMC); ~15 km south of San Juan,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="10D66C94B8A8266A31CC67743033A37C" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="46.321" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.772017">9°46.321'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="68E7B198978FD8A29183603567791245" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="21.201" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.35335">67°21.201'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 255 m, 3.i.2006, leg. A. E. Z. Short, stream margin and rock pools, AS-06-005 (1 ex., SEMC); ~20 km north of Dos Caminos,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9E7D7AA40D5EB0C4847368866C93B820" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="44.034" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.7339">9°44.034'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9AE5FCC024FA810C7B7651C09626A5F1" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="19.003" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.31672">67°19.003'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 225 m, leg. A. E. Z. Short, gravelly margin of river, AS-06-020 (24 exs., SEMC).
|
||
<emphasis id="72A1138660C84D29F4DC032D0F0DADEF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="56F30134A2A6D953AB41C79892497A3F" originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Rio Ricoa near Dos Bocas,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="551C2650FB0E00A07CB0FDF13532CAE6" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="17.424" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.2904">11°17.424'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D38F5A1FF7C02558B3A67D6259AEA036" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="26.061" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-69.43435">69°26.061'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 170 m, 9.vii.2009, leg. Short, Sites, Gustafson,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9BF4D66187FCBEBE46CB565FC39DED16" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Camacho, and Inciarte, along river margins, VZ09-0709-02A/L-1063 (4 exs., SEMC).
|
||
<emphasis id="455CCF28CE85FE6C9CEEECB9AFE581B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Lara</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F71B28A47F70AD2DB06AE8C1AA61E5A5" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Salado west of Arenales,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2D6B3C4359561B4CFAD3FCAC52C2E695" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="9.260" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.154333">10°9.260'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0243A0D3AC907F08383F51863B2A554E" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="57.458" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-69.957634">69°57.458'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 490 m, 22.i.2009, leg. Short,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2B854581D1DA8806C62C0FF1C3B9CC6D" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and Camacho, gravel stream, VZ09-0122-01X (5 exs., SEMC).
|
||
<emphasis id="B7833C36B072A8AC5769A830B641B8F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Trujillo</emphasis>
|
||
: Rio Jirajara near Sabana Grande,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2E13EAB0D0D9877169ABD695B769672C" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="42.307" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.705116">9°42.307'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76F5EEF80FA79CB3684730FE48DB05A7" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="32.570" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.54283">70°32.570'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 199 m, 29.i.2012, leg. Short, Arias, and Gustafson, muddy pool in floodplain, VZ12-0129-02A (4 exs., SEMC).
|
||
<emphasis id="CFC3AD0E10FFD4754BD54376E4364307" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Zulia</emphasis>
|
||
: Perija National Park Tukuko,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D5A5E4AE796AB5FB4FE13CC54E41F5C5" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Manantial,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9105BFC69FA071C1BF1B8C803DCFAF12" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="50.490" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.8415">9°50.490'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1C449756A56D163F6A89D557542BD8AA" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="49.310" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.82183">72°49.310'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 270 m, 29.i.2009, leg. Short,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="549EB04E0D885A7BFB97971F8E262BEE" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and Camacho, gravel margin, VZ09-0129-01A (13 exs., SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE534); same data as previous except: 22.ix.2007, leg. A. E. Z. Short, rock pools/margins, AS-07-020b (27 exs., SEMC); same data as previous except: 16.vii.2008, leg A. Short, margins and pools, AS-08-027 (14 exs., SEMC); Perija National Park, Rio Tukuko,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2F877ACF653E9EECFA9779249951B9C3" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="50.515" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.841917">09°50.515'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9AB91229E16FF2D15CEB42A2EF42618B" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="48.334" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.805565">72°48.334'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 15.vii.2008, leg. A. E. Z. Short, upstream of Tukuko, AS-08-029 (1 ex., SEMC); Perija National Park, Toromo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="49F4A0F793D803D7869AF5EFE437F4FF" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="03.058" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.050966">10°03.058'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A48021D48AA398A51426D95372B371F" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="42.974" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.71623">72°42.974'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 435 m, 31.xii.2005, leg. A. E. Z. Short, small stream and seep, AS-06-001 (5 exs., SEMC); same data as previous except: 28.i.2009, leg. A. Short, detrital pool, VZ09-0128-01A (3 exs., SEMC); c. 15 km southwest of El Dibujo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="002F06AC62F51D1C220F1ABA790C097F" degrees="10.79307" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.79307">10.79307N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96FC9E63FC2866075C95F512B79467B1" degrees="72.32331" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.32331">72.32331W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 155 m, 30.xii.2008, leg. Short,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="151B326EF324DABD9B397E732F0ED2B6" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and Camacho, muddy puddle, VZ08-1230-03B (1 ex, SEMC); same data as previous except: in stream, VZ08-1230-03X (2 exs., SEMC); Marshy pond,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0FD0BEAA612A5EC836B1196C03FF7C34" degrees="10.85498" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.85498">10.85498N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FDDA12EC68F139A23DD19019F51AD1E0" degrees="72.30837" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.30837">72.30837W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 81 m, 30.xii.2008, leg. Short,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="39BA740E9588896715F441CF6F8ADED9" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and Camacho, pond margin, VZ08-1230-02X (1 ex., SEMC); 15 km west of Machiques,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACF91FAC01955560C157F66EF96050FE" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="02.962" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.049367">10°02.962'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="86F6A7C91A59A27A60F811176B2DAB7B" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="42.615" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.71025">72°42.615'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 432 m, 31.xii.2005, leg. A. E. Z. Short, isolated rock pool, AS-06-002 (1 ex., SEMC); Quebrada Riencito,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8AEED1B9C22E512831419F17DE2B17F1" degrees="10.86041" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.86041">10.86041N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="01BCC0B3EB93B13943BD1F9A0A8BBF69" degrees="72.32210" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.3221">72.32210W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 95 m, 30.xii.2008, leg. A. Short and M.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5454202C1504E42D6B654805BF0C2FA0" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, along margin, VZ08-1230-01B (34 exs., MIZA, SEMC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F27897EBA1CB70F971A14FF7FBD96F21" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="823E87CEF843E83968F98D88D0B69B6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="157F7FCA3B9AA5FE3A94D068197E1156" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
This species may be easily distinguished from others in the region by mesoventrite raised into an acute tooth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8429426DF4C44D69F1C25F9E3D6E8E58" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral view of mesoventrite. A C. bariorum B C. cuspifer. Scale bar: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411762" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), shared only with the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0167923418AC50CF59C8DB2ED1485AC0" lsidName="C. cuspifer" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="cuspifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="C40665AFB2883BF4B33239FC52111FB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. cuspifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0A581BF0C01B70445DB16FABE5C4A37" authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus bariorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A90485B6BE925AAEA560FCF8C56A221B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Chasmogenus bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A0DC11F0E0D50783508B1E62A133EB1" lsidName="C. cuspifer" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="cuspifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="10B7F0662B5DF6C60BF3CF6B8D30333D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. cuspifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its larger size (≥ 3.5 mm) and narrower apex of the median lobe (11A-H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A92894E05E4714FB6AEE881E79632EA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C554E3C44B240863D16337440B47E170" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="07B30D9FCEF73FAEC60C3A47ADE5F759" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="3D3597E821533F082E014CB6BBDFBD34" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Size and color.</emphasis>
|
||
Total body length 3.5-3.7 mm. Body form elongate oval with slightly subparallel lateral margins. Dorsum of head very dark brown to black, anterior margin of labrum slightly paler in color (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9F5B17A09BC6BC305D67D8A558C5E3C9" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. A C. castaneus B C. australis C C. bariorum D C. cuspifer E C. flavomarginatus F C. lineatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411763" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum dark brown, distinctly paler at anterior and lateral margins; elytra dark brown, slightly paler at posterior margins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F00BCADE45F1A7C9EB6F2B2F07500BA" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. flavomarginatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. bariorum: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. G-I C. castaneus G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411758" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prosternum and abdominal ventrites dark brown; meso- and metaventrites dark red-brown, trochanters and glabrous portion of femora red-orange (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="22301695954BDCF9317A00E72B780360" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. flavomarginatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. bariorum: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. G-I C. castaneus G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411758" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="FD0997521EB75D4631C7FBA9036D5937" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Ground punctation on head fine. Clypeus with anteromedial emargination, which exposes a trapezoidal-shaped gap between clypeus and labrum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5EB78A300E17EA2B68A6D141C8702BC" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. A C. castaneus B C. australis C C. bariorum D C. cuspifer E C. flavomarginatus F C. lineatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411763" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mentum weakly depressed in anterior half with shallowly rounded anteromedial notch. Maxillary palps long, longer than width of head immediately posterior to eyes.
|
||
<emphasis id="93E7A795765E369582EB9B27519377D3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Ground punctation of pronotum fine. Prosternum moderately tectiform. Mesoventrite with median longitudinal carina, which is elevated into an acute tooth medially (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B53AD8DAEEF30A62184C6B2339EFF221" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral view of mesoventrite. A C. bariorum B C. cuspifer. Scale bar: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411762" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metafemora densely pubescent with long golden setae in basal four-fifths (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="19CDF7D095F0546590984C255D6E043F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. flavomarginatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. bariorum: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. G-I C. castaneus G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411758" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="797132E034FA6C46E016A7A73DCC17CB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DE8444763DA1E9A38399477E3600E86A" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi (dorsal view) A C. bariorum holotype (Venezuela: Zulia) B C. occidentalis holotype C C. yukparum holotype D-H C. bariorum D specimen from Zulia E specimen from Aragua F specimen from Falcon G specimen from Guarico H specimen from Trujillo. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411766" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">11A-H</figureCitation>
|
||
) with outer margins of median lobe straight and parallel sided, with apex in the form of an acutely pointed triangle, which distinctly extends beyond the apex of the parameres. Sclerite of the median lobe not expanded. Gonopore situated less than half of one gonopore width below the apex of the median lobe. Parameres symmetrical, with outer margins slightly curved along entire length, appearing weakly convex; apex bifid, with outer and inner lobes subequal in height but with inner lobe usually narrower. Basal piece long, subequal to the length of the parameres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6E70E9E70CE2107BB5A4B71FD976001F" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D7D317F653AD7E8741169F4FEA5C7567" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC9103904BFB1100634DE4D4DEC4D2C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Venezuela (Aragua,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="42A90BA86A1E26F7399592DBDC9D7565" originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="483898EF750F185E7251426751C8B3F1" originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Lara, Trujillo, Zulia) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1B83204C02501EA14EBCDD1A28994142" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution of Chasmogenus spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411772" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60DDC3FD6FCA74DD7997A3E0CE59A128" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="440CB822914396F021099417ADD63FDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C61F807A9EB68CF36AC19D6B63B50889" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Nearly all specimens are associated with the margins or side pools of streams and small rivers in the foothills of various Andean regions of Venezuela up to elevations of ca. 500 m. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BB0504340F42813B59A539F2AFAEC0C9" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in the Andean region of Venezuela. A, B Type locality and habitat for C. bariorum, C. cuspifer, and C. castaneus, near El Tukuko, Rio Manantial collecting event VZ 09 - 0129 - 01 A) C habitat for C. bariorum and C. cuspifer, Henri Pittier National Park, Rio Cumboto (collecting event VZ 09 - 0104 - 02 B) D type locality and habitat for C. flavomarginatus, ca. 13 km NW of Baranitas (collecting event VZ 12 - 0124 - 02 B) E habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, between San Juan and Dos Caminos, Rio San Antonio (collecting event VZ 09 - 0108 - 02 A) F habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, near Arenales, Rio Salado (collecting event VZ 09 - 0122 - 01 X)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411774" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">19A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C723B5898752229ABDE1DA0C72C2DF07" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in the Andean region of Venezuela. A, B Type locality and habitat for C. bariorum, C. cuspifer, and C. castaneus, near El Tukuko, Rio Manantial collecting event VZ 09 - 0129 - 01 A) C habitat for C. bariorum and C. cuspifer, Henri Pittier National Park, Rio Cumboto (collecting event VZ 09 - 0104 - 02 B) D type locality and habitat for C. flavomarginatus, ca. 13 km NW of Baranitas (collecting event VZ 12 - 0124 - 02 B) E habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, between San Juan and Dos Caminos, Rio San Antonio (collecting event VZ 09 - 0108 - 02 A) F habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, near Arenales, Rio Salado (collecting event VZ 09 - 0122 - 01 X)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411774" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">19E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="221A49BD27D9424B63B8B67411DECCA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="EEAE91C4F6B16CA707C91AFC1CAAF1E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F3D0A15417B4BEB02A566889581BE5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D24466AED937CA630E92F321CBDFC3E" author="Garcia, M" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="45 - 58" refId="B3" refString="Garcia, M, 2000. Cuatro Nuevas Especies de Chasmogenus Sharp, 1982 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) de Venezuela. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia 34: 45 - 58" title="Cuatro Nuevas Especies de Chasmogenus Sharp, 1982 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) de Venezuela." volume="34" year="2000">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2E558CB3D2ACDB9B4F6C7FEE5A7F9BE4" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described three species from the Rio Manantial, a small forested stream near Tokuko in the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8AB98F419919442620EB01EFE7E06A9F" originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4C2BC4224FDF9FB343302D45712DBC5C" originalValue="Perijá">Perija</normalizedToken>
|
||
in northwestern Venezuela. We compared the holotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8E4CE8F915EBD642D1D05655A64FF48" lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3107746CA0FD1BA6584633AF8EE321AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34C7E849FD49B2727BE92F80001D96C8" lsidName="C. occidentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3F63668BEC8686558D7ED4FACDE0093" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D071F29817082702BB891C6C6883486" lsidName="C. yukparum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="yukparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="082692BBF9F2255187398977090572CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. yukparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and determined they are conspecific. Because all three were described in the same publication, we here select
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B14A1FB4399955A12F593DEE83C8AC29" lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3804888514F504B0268F5C4AC08956E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the valid name based on the principal of first reviser.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B2ED33C441DDD5011FDAA4BC0526E98" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The shape of the mesoventral tooth was used as a primary character to separate these three species but after examining specimens from a variety of localities we found this character to be variable. The presence of only a single species despite the variability of this feature is also supported by genetic data (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED72C93F67B5C54016D2CB92F86A0B4B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Chasmogenus spp. based on COI sequences. Ultra Fast Bootstrap (UFBS) values are indicated at nodes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411756" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). In his species descriptions,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A2E32FEA803055C1D964BDB693A01E6" author="Garcia, M" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="45 - 58" refId="B3" refString="Garcia, M, 2000. Cuatro Nuevas Especies de Chasmogenus Sharp, 1982 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) de Venezuela. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia 34: 45 - 58" title="Cuatro Nuevas Especies de Chasmogenus Sharp, 1982 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) de Venezuela." volume="34" year="2000">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="53F7981590392B4566A3B16BB35AC06A" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
further differentiates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7381F3F06AAA0AA1D04EC3C279B26E1F" lsidName="C. yukparum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="yukparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="338F974D2151F99BD0470445A608C0E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. yukparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F721038BECE73DBEC4A1791A7C268C53" lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEA480DB47F54587C1DB57823AEC6601" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F785CE1497443F85FC146846740E13E5" lsidName="C. occidentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3BCDE6B305E006A36A85A333D8EFD081" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by indicating that the former has asymmetrical mandibles, while the latter two exhibit symmetrical mandibles; however, in the identification key this character is reversed, with the mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D581B6F01A6F23A9186AA3230E64758A" lsidName="C. occidentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9DE842FFF588CA5633958F19277C782" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being described as asymmetrical while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="424DE6279C706CC2D7B72ED8417A5B36" lsidName="C. yukparum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="yukparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="59983020E4BE9F8BC5999A729498D77D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. yukparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are symmetrical. Regardless, we examined the mandibles in the three holotypes and found no substantial difference in mandibular symmetry; all three types have bifid mandibles with minor variation in the size of the teeth, as with many of the other specimens we examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC6F94D397680C6FCD622FA87F909A30" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
There appears to be some confusion with regard to the genitalia slides associated with the holotypes. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D913EA3DEC2A15DB90CDC3A7AB13C43" author="Garcia, M" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="45 - 58" refId="B3" refString="Garcia, M, 2000. Cuatro Nuevas Especies de Chasmogenus Sharp, 1982 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) de Venezuela. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia 34: 45 - 58" title="Cuatro Nuevas Especies de Chasmogenus Sharp, 1982 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) de Venezuela." volume="34" year="2000">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="324523A3BBB970795573605B54FC8BB6" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the caption of fig. 3 indicates all illustrated genitalia are of the holotypes. However, this is not possible as some of the labeled holotypes are undissected males. Because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59FB6E609A0E47DB74D4FDE30F509329" lsidName="C. yukparum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="yukparum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0F9761FA166B59DA8BC6F8960B1539A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. yukparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from a single male and its abdomen is partially missing, we presume the genitalia slide associated with the holotype is in fact the holotype. However, we are uncertain of which exact specimens should be associated with the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="12A346CB209B98578F5FEC9FA18DDA27" originalValue="“type”">"type"</normalizedToken>
|
||
genitalia slides of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91C2698CA0A81CD41B3472AF399627BC" lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="351C186F9A5C03A66ABBAE4BA916BDC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4C1B82E85676C7B0958A8E9CA4CA8E0" lsidName="C. occidentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="971AFEA275298F0E504DBBF1811F6BF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Regardless, this uncertain association does not impact any of our conclusions regarding their synonymy: it is clear that all three genitalia slides represent a single species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A678F7F4C14F3A14C2B723720D65563" lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="78AA4F0A35E6E46E5A63038AD2736E7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and that all three male holotype specimens represent the same conspecific species as those on the slides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |