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<document id="CA9AA22331CC80ADDAC164E89836B7DF" ID-CLB-Dataset="55119" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2023.857.2039" ID-GBIF-Dataset="732325d8-01c5-4dc7-9b19-41ae3eca0398" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7629268" ID-ZooBank="81346690-911F-49A2-B820-CD6F07A9C4E9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1676042217359" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kumar, Sumit &amp; Ahmad, Wasim" docDate="2023" docId="63472F32FFF2FFBB0725FDB8FB29A8EF" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-857_1-56.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 857" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.857.2039" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Axonchium indicum Kumar &amp; Ahmad 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="116B7509-1BE9-4315-A6D7-5B819B4C2789" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="9F7E574AFFE2FFAF0548FFA4F82BAC39" masterDocTitle="Six new and four known species of the genus Axonchium Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Belondiroidea) from the Western Ghats of India" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1699474990407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="9D4C798934E9D868A12314CF6A17802B">Six new and four known species of the genus Axonchium Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Belondiroidea) from the Western Ghats of India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DB23FE20282DDBE540E3D813F365584A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1E6A0AB4F4CD6900D52A18A6C9035E6B">Kumar, Sumit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="997187476CDF8A44701CA7A64D7C3FA9">Nematode Biodiversity Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh- 202002, India.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="412868FA76E5121539C3213F72AF6966" type="email">sumitchandra.20@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="ADFDA21B32E4BD91B6C31B453EE4284C">Ahmad, Wasim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="154B9C3A10AFC74ADE0083B3970A344F">Nematode Biodiversity Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh- 202002, India.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5C27B328B516BBFD557A7741E9D0C017" type="email">ahmadwasim57@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C6A83432954AC92BA8F398BC910026D5">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2EF64F7AEBD09FA4854134204C7F403C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="823B085A3C37E9F6F940A5295474E55B">2023-02-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="175F295A5A0459CF148E244DAF05018E">857</mods:number>
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<treatment id="63472F32FFF2FFBB0725FDB8FB29A8EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7630336" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209286271" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7630336" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:116B7509-1BE9-4315-A6D7-5B819B4C2789" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/63472F32FFF2FFBB0725FDB8FB29A8EF" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="A3F4CDAFFFF2FFBF0725FDB8FBECAE0E" box="[621,967,540,567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF2FFBF0725FDB8FBECAE0E" blockId="16.[373,1215,540,639]" box="[621,967,540,567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="B0192948FFF2FFBF0725FDB8FBECAE0E" box="[621,967,540,567]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="2CEEE5A7FFF2FFBF0725FDB8FB4EAE0E" authority="Kumar &amp; Ahmad, 2023" authorityName="Kumar &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" box="[621,869,540,567]" class="Adenophorea" family="Belondiridae" genus="Axonchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF0725FDB8FB4EAE0E" bold="true" box="[621,869,540,567]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Axonchium indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C2A9FF4DFFF2FFBF0625FDB9FBECAE0E" box="[877,967,541,567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<uri id="9F7F9226FFF2FFBF043DFDE4FC94AE62" box="[373,1215,576,603]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3F4CDAFFFF2FFBF07FCFDC0FB54AE46" box="[692,895,612,639]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF2FFBF07FCFDC0FB54AE46" blockId="16.[373,1215,540,639]" box="[692,895,612,639]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<figureCitation id="73D582A1FFF2FFBF07FCFDC0FB36AE46" box="[692,797,612,639]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="18.[191,230,1892,1918]" captionStartId-1="19.[189,230,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox-0="[270,1311,438,1844]" captionTargetBox-1="[309,1337,296,1827]" captionTargetId-0="figure-47@18.[241,1314,413,1856]" captionTargetId-1="figure-82@19.[309,1337,296,1827]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="Fig. 5. Axonchium indicum sp. nov. A–C. Paratype 2, ♀ (slide 2). D–H. Paratype 6, ♀ (slide 4). A. Entire body. B. Anterior region. C. Anterior end showing amphid. D. Junction between anterior slender and posterior expanded part of pharynx.E. Cardia. F. Female genital system. G. Vulva. H. Female posterior region." captionText-1="Fig. 6. Axonchium indicum sp. nov. (LM photographs). A–B. Paratype 2, ♀ (slide 2). C–I. Paratype 6, ♀ (slide 4). A. Anterior region. B. Anterior end showing amphid. C. Pharynx. D. Junction between two parts of the pharynx. E. Cardia. F. Vulva. G. Anterior uterine sac. H. Posterior genital branch. I. Posterior region. Scale bars: A–B, D–I = 10 µm; C = 20 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7629282" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7629284" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7629282/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7629284/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="A66CAB9FFFF2FFBF0660FDC0FB54AE46" box="[808,895,612,639]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="17.[191,261,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Table 5. Morphometrics of Axonchium indicum sp. nov. All measurements in µm except L in mm, and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BF91CEACFFF3FFBE05F7FEADFA11AD7F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="BF91CEACFFF3FFBE05F7FEADFA11AD7F">Table 5</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3F4CDAFFFF2FFBF05F5FD02FB8DAF46" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF2FFBF05F5FD02F91DAEF9" blockId="16.[189,310,678,704]" box="[189,310,678,704]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="B0192948FFF2FFBF05F5FD02F91DAEF9" bold="true" box="[189,310,678,704]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF05F5FD02F91DAEF9" bold="true" box="[189,310,678,704]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF2FFBF05F5FD72FB8DAF46" blockId="16.[188,1400,726,895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="2CEEE5A7FFF2FFBF05F5FD72F98CAEC9" authority="Kumar &amp; Ahmad, 2023" authorityName="Kumar &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" box="[189,423,726,752]" class="Adenophorea" family="Belondiridae" genus="Axonchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF05F5FD72F98CAEC9" box="[189,423,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Axonchium indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C2A9FF4DFFF2FFBF04E6FD72FA23AEC9" box="[430,520,726,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is characterized by having a
<quantity id="2C1633C1FFF2FFBF0614FD72FBC2AEC9" box="[860,1001,726,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
long body; lip region angular and offset; odontostyle fusiform, 8–9 µm long; the two parts of the pharynx separated by a deep constriction; expanded part of pharynx short, occupying about 39–49% of total neck length; vagina lumen narrow with thickened walls, slightly bent posteriorly; vulva transverse and pre-equatorial; anterior uterine sac short, 0.9–1.6 times the mid-body diameter; tail bluntly conoid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3F4CDAFFFF2FFBF05F5FC03FB5BAFC9" box="[189,880,935,1009]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF05F5FC03F96FAFF8" bold="true" box="[189,324,935,961]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF2FFBF05F5FC72FB5BAFC9" blockId="16.[189,880,982,1009]" box="[189,880,982,1009]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The new species is named after its country of origin,
<collectingCountry id="93F9DEB4FFF2FFBF0664FC72FB47AFC9" box="[812,876,982,1008]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3F4CDAFFFF2FFBF05F5FBBCFD13A942" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<heading id="B0192948FFF2FFBF05F5FBBCF981A80B" bold="true" box="[189,426,1048,1074]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF05F5FBBCF981A80B" bold="true" box="[189,426,1048,1074]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF2FFBF05A2FBECF911A8F7" blockId="16.[189,1399,1096,1230]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="5B869479FFF2FFBF05A2FBECF911A8F7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027597310" collectedFrom="roots of grasses" collectingDate="2017-11-03" country="India" latitude="9.090976" location="Pathanampuram" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.889626" municipality="Kollam District" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kerala State" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF05A2FBECF977A85B" bold="true" box="[234,348,1096,1122]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="34552086FFF2FFBF05A2FBECF977A85B" box="[234,348,1096,1122]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="93F9DEB4FFF2FFBF05F5FBC8F93BA8BF" box="[189,272,1132,1158]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">INDIA</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF045DFBC8F934A8BF" bold="true" box="[277,287,1132,1158]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">•</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="FDE855ADFFF2FFBF046CFBC8F910A8BF" box="[292,315,1132,1158]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="292A50C6FFF2FFBF040EFBC8F9FCA8BF" box="[326,471,1132,1158]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="0B35045EFFF2FFBF04A8FBC8FABCA8BF" box="[480,663,1132,1158]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kollam District</collectingMunicipality>
,
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;
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,
<geoCoordinate id="8EDAF8E3FFF2FFBF0163FBCEFCD0A8BF" box="[1067,1275,1130,1158]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" seconds="22.6702" value="76.889626">76°53ʹ22.6702ʺ E</geoCoordinate>
;
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depth;
<date id="9F50B8E4FFF2FFBF0458FB34F983A893" box="[272,424,1168,1194]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2017-11-03">
<collectingDate id="8F14410CFFF2FFBF0458FB34F983A893" box="[272,424,1168,1194]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2017-11-03">3 Nov. 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectedFrom id="58F2DDD9FFF2FFBF04FEFB34FA59A893" box="[438,626,1167,1194]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">roots of grasses</collectedFrom>
(unidentified); slide reference number AMU/ZD/NC/
<taxonomicName id="2CEEE5A7FFF2FFBF01BAFB2BF937A8F4" authorityName="Kumar &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" class="Adenophorea" family="Belondiridae" genus="Axonchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF01BAFB2BF937A8F4" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Axonchium indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/1.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF2FFBF05A2FB52FD13A942" blockId="16.[189,1399,1270,1403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="5B869479FFF2FFBF05A2FB52F964A96E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027597322" collectingDate="2017-11-03" country="India" latitude="9.090976" location="Pathanampuram" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.889626" municipality="Kollam District" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="6" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF05A2FB52F94CA929" bold="true" box="[234,359,1270,1296]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="34552086FFF2FFBF05A2FB52F94CA929" box="[234,359,1270,1296]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="93F9DEB4FFF2FFBF05F5FABEF93BA90D" box="[189,272,1306,1332]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">INDIA</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF0450FABEF909A90D" bold="true" box="[280,290,1306,1332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">•</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="FDE855ADFFF2FFBF0461FABDF946A90D" box="[297,365,1305,1332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for holotype; slide reference number AMU/ZD/NC/
<taxonomicName id="2CEEE5A7FFF2FFBF01BAFABDF937A96E" authorityName="Kumar &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" class="Adenophorea" family="Belondiridae" genus="Axonchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF01BAFABDF937A96E" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Axonchium indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/2–3
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="5B869479FFF2FFBF0433FA99FD1FA942" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027597303" collectingDate="2017-11-03" country="India" latitude="9.090976" location="Pathanampuram" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.889626" municipality="Kollam District" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="FDE855ADFFF2FFBF0433FA99F9ECA961" box="[379,455,1341,1368]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for holotype; slide reference number AMU/ZD/ NC/
<taxonomicName id="2CEEE5A7FFF2FFBF05A6FAC5F9F3A942" authorityName="Kumar &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" box="[238,472,1377,1403]" class="Adenophorea" family="Belondiridae" genus="Axonchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF05A6FAC5F9F3A942" box="[238,472,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Axonchium indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/4, nematode collection of the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3F4CDAFFFF2FFBF05F5FA07F98BAA29" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF2FFBF05F5FA07F9DFA984" blockId="16.[189,500,1443,1469]" box="[189,500,1443,1469]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="B0192948FFF2FFBF05F5FA07F9DFA984" bold="true" box="[189,500,1443,1469]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF05F5FA07F9DFA984" bold="true" box="[189,500,1443,1469]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type habitat and locality</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF2FFBF05F5FA76F98BAA29" blockId="16.[189,1398,1490,1552]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Soil samples collected around the roots of grasses (unidentified) from Pathanampuram, Kollam District,
<collectingRegion id="292A50C6FFF2FFBF05F5FA52F97BAA29" box="[189,336,1526,1552]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="93F9DEB4FFF2FFBF0414FA52F9B7AA29" box="[348,412,1526,1552]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3F4CDAFFFF2FFBB05F5F99CF916AE2C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF2FFBF05F5F99CF965AA6B" blockId="16.[189,334,1592,1618]" box="[189,334,1592,1618]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="B0192948FFF2FFBF05F5F99CF965AA6B" bold="true" box="[189,334,1592,1618]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF05F5F99CF965AA6B" bold="true" box="[189,334,1592,1618]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF2FFBF05A2F9CCF96EAABB" blockId="16.[188,1400,1640,2025]" box="[234,325,1640,1666]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF2FFBF05A2F9CCF96EAABB" bold="true" box="[234,325,1640,1666]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF2FFBE05F5F92FFD6BAB28" blockId="16.[188,1400,1640,2025]" lastBlockId="17.[189,1400,1642,1815]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Body curved ventrad upon fixation,
<quantity id="2C1633C1FFF2FFBF071EF928FAF5AA9F" box="[598,734,1676,1702]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
long. Cuticle with fine transverse striations, about 1–2 µm thick at the anterior, 1–2 µm at mid-body, and 4–5 µm on tail tip. Lateral chords 5–7 µm wide, or 1/
<subScript id="776A9C61FFF2FFBF007AF966FD11AAE9" attach="left" box="[1330,1338,1730,1744]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7</subScript>
to 1/
<subScript id="776A9C61FFF2FFBF0026F966FD5DAAE9" attach="none" box="[1390,1398,1730,1744]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5</subScript>
(14–20%) of mid-body diameter with indistinct glandular bodies. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region angular, offset by deep constriction, 2.0–2.5 times as wide as high, or about 1/
<subScript id="776A9C61FFF2FFBF01B6F8AEFD2DAB21" attach="left" box="[1278,1286,1802,1816]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5</subScript>
to ¼ (22– 25%) of body diameter at neck base. Lips incompletely separate.Amphid fovea stirrup-shaped, their aperture occupying about 0.7–0.8 times lip region diameter, fusus just opposite or slightly posterior to odontophore level. Guiding ring single, at 0.9–1.1 times lip region diameter from anterior end. Odontostyle fusiform, 4.0–4.5 times as long as wide, or 0.9–1.1 times lip region diameter long, its aperture occupying about ⅓ of its length. Odontophore simple, rod-like, 1.2–1.6 times as long as odontostyle. Nerve ring encircling anterior slender part of pharynx at 28–33% of neck length from anterior end. Anterior slender part of pharynx quite muscular, separated from posterior expanded part by a deep constriction. Expanded part of pharynx 6.0–10 times as long as wide, or 3.7–5.6 times as long as body diameter at neck base, and occupying about 2/
<subScript id="776A9C61FFF3FFBE0026F904FD5DAA97" attach="none" box="[1390,1398,1696,1710]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5</subScript>
to ½ (39–49%) of total neck length, enclosed in a thick muscular sheath with straight bands. Only dorsal pharyngeal gland and its orifice visible: DO = 53–62; DN = 55–64; DO–DN = 0.3–1.9. Cardia oblong, 1.1–2.0 times as long as wide, and occupying about 2/
<subScript id="776A9C61FFF3FFBE065BF8AEFB30AB21" attach="left" box="[787,795,1802,1816]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">7</subScript>
to 2/
<subScript id="776A9C61FFF3FFBE0604F8ADFB7FAB2E" attach="left" box="[844,852,1801,1815]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5</subScript>
(28–37%) of corresponding body diameter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="BF91CEACFFF3FFBE05F7FEADFA11AD7F" ID-Table-UUID="BF91CEACFFF3FFBE05F7FEADFA11AD7F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BF91CEACFFF3FFBE05F7FEADFA11AD7F" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[191,261,265,291]" targetBox="[200,1323,380,1561]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF3FFBE05F7FEADFA11AD7F" blockId="17.[189,1398,265,327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF3FFBE05F7FEADF908AD1A" bold="true" box="[191,291,265,291]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Table 5.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of
<taxonomicName id="2CEEE5A7FFF3FFBE074EFEADFADBAD1A" authority="Kumar &amp; Ahmad, 2023" authorityName="Kumar &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" box="[518,752,265,291]" class="Adenophorea" family="Belondiridae" genus="Axonchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF3FFBE074EFEADFADBAD1A" box="[518,752,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Axonchium indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C2A9FF4DFFF3FFBE07B0FEAEFB78AD1D" box="[760,851,266,292]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
All measurements in µm except L in mm, and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF3FFBE0580FED8FD3AAA20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<table id="99EE6C84FFF300500580FED8FD00AA20" box="[200,1323,380,1561]" gridcols="3" gridrows="30" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FED8FD00ADAF" box="[200,1323,380,406]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FED8F9D9ADAF" box="[200,498,380,406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF3FFBE0580FED8F97FADAF" bold="true" box="[200,340,380,406]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500713FED8FB1AADAF" box="[603,817,380,406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF3FFBE0713FED8FB0CADAF" bold="true" box="[603,807,380,406]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Holotype female</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FED8FD00ADAF" box="[1006,1323,380,406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF3FFBE06A6FED8FCEEADAF" bold="true" box="[1006,1221,380,406]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paratype females</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FE02FD00AD87" box="[200,1323,422,446]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FE02F9D9AD87" box="[200,498,422,446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">n</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FE02FB1AAD87" box="[603,817,422,446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FE02FD00AD87" box="[1006,1323,422,446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FE69FD00ADDC" box="[200,1323,461,485]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FE69F9D9ADDC" box="[200,498,461,485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">L</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FE69FB1AADDC" box="[603,817,461,485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1.25</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FE69FD00ADDC" box="[1006,1323,461,485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1.32 ± 0.1 (1.23–1.37)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FE51FD00AE34" box="[200,1323,501,525]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FE51F9D9AE34" box="[200,498,501,525]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">a</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FE51FB1AAE34" box="[603,817,501,525]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">33.9</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FE51FD00AE34" box="[1006,1323,501,525]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">36.5 ± 1.1 (35.1–37.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FDB9FD00AE0C" box="[200,1323,541,565]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FDB9F9D9AE0C" box="[200,498,541,565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">b</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FDB9FB1AAE0C" box="[603,817,541,565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.8</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FDB9FD00AE0C" box="[1006,1323,541,565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5 ± 0.1 (3.3–3.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FDE1FD00AE64" box="[200,1323,581,605]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FDE1F9D9AE64" box="[200,498,581,605]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">c</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FDE1FB1AAE64" box="[603,817,581,605]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">54.5</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FDE1FD00AE64" box="[1006,1323,581,605]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">61.2 ±2.9 (58–65.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FDCFFD00AEBC" box="[200,1323,619,645]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FDCFF9D9AEBC" box="[200,498,619,645]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">cʹ</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FDCFFB1AAEBC" box="[603,817,619,645]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1.0</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FDCFFD00AEBC" box="[1006,1323,619,645]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.9 ± 1.0 (0.8–1.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FD30FD00AE94" box="[200,1323,660,685]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FD30F9D9AE94" box="[200,498,660,685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">V</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FD30FB1AAE94" box="[603,817,660,685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">46.6</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FD30FD00AE94" box="[1006,1323,660,685]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">46 ± 1.0 (45–48)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FD18FD00AEED" box="[200,1323,700,724]" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FD18F9D9AEED" box="[200,498,700,724]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G1</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FD18FB1AAEED" box="[603,817,700,724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4.7</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FD18FD00AEED" box="[1006,1323,700,724]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.3 ± 0.5 (2.6–4.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FD40FD00AEC5" box="[200,1323,740,764]" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FD40F9D9AEC5" box="[200,498,740,764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G2</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FD40FB1AAEC5" box="[603,817,740,764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">10.8</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FD40FD00AEC5" box="[1006,1323,740,764]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9.3 ± 1.0 (7.5–10.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FCA8FD00AF1D" box="[200,1323,780,804]" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FCA8F9D9AF1D" box="[200,498,780,804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Body diam. at pharynx base</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FCA8FB1AAF1D" box="[603,817,780,804]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">36</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FCA8FD00AF1D" box="[1006,1323,780,804]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">35.4 ±0.7 (34–36)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FC90FD00AF75" box="[200,1323,820,844]" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FC90F9D9AF75" box="[200,498,820,844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Body diam. at mid-body</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FC90FB1AAF75" box="[603,817,820,844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">37</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FC90FD00AF75" box="[1006,1323,820,844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">36.4 ± 1.1 (35–38)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FCFFFD00AF4D" box="[200,1323,859,884]" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FCFFF9D9AF4D" box="[200,498,859,884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Body diam. at anus/cloaca</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FCFFFB1AAF4D" box="[603,817,859,884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">23</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FCFFFD00AF4D" box="[1006,1323,859,884]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">23.5 ± 0.5 (23–24)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FC27FD00AFA2" box="[200,1323,899,923]" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FC27F9D9AFA2" box="[200,498,899,923]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Lip region diam.</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FC27FB1AAFA2" box="[603,817,899,923]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FC27FD00AFA2" box="[1006,1323,899,923]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8.25 ± 0.4 (8–9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FC0FFD00AFFA" box="[200,1323,939,963]" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FC0FF9D9AFFA" box="[200,498,939,963]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Lip region height</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FC0FFB1AAFFA" box="[603,817,939,963]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FC0FFD00AFFA" box="[1006,1323,939,963]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FC77FD00AFD2" box="[200,1323,979,1003]" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FC77F9D9AFD2" box="[200,498,979,1003]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Amphid aperture</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FC77FB1AAFD2" box="[603,817,979,1003]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FC77FD00AFD2" box="[1006,1323,979,1003]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6.4 ± 0.5 (6–7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FC5FFD00A82A" box="[200,1323,1019,1043]" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FC5FF9D9A82A" box="[200,498,1019,1043]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Odontostyle length</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FC5FFB1AA82A" box="[603,817,1019,1043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FC5FFD00A82A" box="[1006,1323,1019,1043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8.7 ± 0.4 (8–9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FB87FD00A802" box="[200,1323,1059,1083]" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FB87F9D9A802" box="[200,498,1059,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Odontophore length</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FB87FB1AA802" box="[603,817,1059,1083]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">12</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FB87FD00A802" box="[1006,1323,1059,1083]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">12.2 ± 0.7 (11–13)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FBEEFD00A85A" box="[200,1323,1098,1123]" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FBEEF9D9A85A" box="[200,498,1098,1123]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Guiding ring from ant. end</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FBEEFB1AA85A" box="[603,817,1098,1123]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FBEEFD00A85A" box="[1006,1323,1098,1123]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8.2 ± 0.4 (8–9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FBD6FD00A8B3" box="[200,1323,1138,1162]" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FBD6F9D9A8B3" box="[200,498,1138,1162]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nerve ring from ant. end</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FBD6FB1AA8B3" box="[603,817,1138,1162]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">108</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FBD6FD00A8B3" box="[1006,1323,1138,1162]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">114.7 ± 3.2 (110–121)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FB3EFD00A88B" box="[200,1323,1178,1202]" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FB3EF9D9A88B" box="[200,498,1178,1202]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Neck length</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FB3EFB1AA88B" box="[603,817,1178,1202]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">133</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FB3EFD00A88B" box="[1006,1323,1178,1202]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">381.7 ± 19 (355–409)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FB66FD00A8E3" box="[200,1323,1218,1242]" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FB66F9D9A8E3" box="[200,498,1218,1242]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Expanded part of pharynx</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FB66FB1AA8E3" box="[603,817,1218,1242]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">132</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FB66FD00A8E3" box="[1006,1323,1218,1242]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">172.7 ± 19.2 (150–201)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FB4EFD00A93B" box="[200,1323,1258,1282]" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FB4EF9D9A93B" box="[200,498,1258,1282]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cardia length</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FB4EFB1AA93B" box="[603,817,1258,1282]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">12</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FB4EFD00A93B" box="[1006,1323,1258,1282]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">11.2 ± 0.8 (10–13)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FAB5FD00A913" box="[200,1323,1297,1322]" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FAB5F9D9A913" box="[200,498,1297,1322]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Anterior genital branch</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FAB5FB1AA913" box="[603,817,1297,1322]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">59</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FAB5FD00A913" box="[1006,1323,1297,1322]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">43.5 ± 5.2 (35–50)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FA9DFD00A96B" box="[200,1323,1337,1362]" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FA9DF9D9A96B" box="[200,498,1337,1362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Posterior genital branch</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FA9DFB1AA96B" box="[603,817,1337,1362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">135</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FA9DFD00A96B" box="[1006,1323,1337,1362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">124 ± 15.5 (92–141)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FAC5FD00A940" box="[200,1323,1377,1401]" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FAC5F9D9A940" box="[200,498,1377,1401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Vaginal depth</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FAC5FB1AA940" box="[603,817,1377,1401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">22</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FAC5FD00A940" box="[1006,1323,1377,1401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">20.7 ± 0.7 (20–22)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FA2DFD00A998" box="[200,1323,1417,1441]" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FA2DF9D9A998" box="[200,498,1417,1441]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Vulva from ant. end</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FA2DFB1AA998" box="[603,817,1417,1441]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">584</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FA2DFD00A998" box="[1006,1323,1417,1441]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">610 ± 13.2 (589–628)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FA15FD00A9F0" box="[200,1323,1457,1481]" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FA15F9D9A9F0" box="[200,498,1457,1481]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prerectum length</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FA15FB1AA9F0" box="[603,817,1457,1481]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">168</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FA15FD00A9F0" box="[1006,1323,1457,1481]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">155.7 ± 45.5 (95–209)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580FA7DFD00A9C8" box="[200,1323,1497,1521]" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580FA7DF9D9A9C8" box="[200,498,1497,1521]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rectum length</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713FA7DFB1AA9C8" box="[603,817,1497,1521]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">32</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6FA7DFD00A9C8" box="[1006,1323,1497,1521]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">32.2 ± 1.4 (30–34)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="55DE9C66FFF300500580F9A4FD00AA20" box="[200,1323,1536,1561]" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="160FF51AFFF300500580F9A4F9D9AA20" box="[200,498,1536,1561]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tail length</th>
<td id="160FF51AFFF300500713F9A4FB1AAA20" box="[603,817,1536,1561]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">23</td>
<td id="160FF51AFFF3005006A6F9A4FD00AA20" box="[1006,1323,1536,1561]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">21.8 ± 1.2 (20–23)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF3FFBB05F5F89CFC3AAD89" blockId="17.[188,1399,1848,2016]" lastBlockId="20.[189,1399,263,433]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Genital system mono-opisthodelphic. Anterior genital branch represented by a small sac, measuring 35–59 µm or 0.9–1.6 times mid-body diameter long, and occupying about 2.6–4.7% of total body length. Posterior branch well developed; ovary reflexed, measuring 43–71 µm long with squamous shaped oocytes arranged in a single row except near tip; oviduct joining ovary subterminally, measuring 35–70 µm or 1.0–1.9 times mid-body diameter long, consisting of a long slender part with prismatic cells and a wide pars dilatata; oviduct-uterus junction marked by sphincter; uterus 46–68 µm or 1.2– 1.9 times mid-body diameter long, differentiated into a large proximal part with distinct lumen, and a short spherical pars dilatata with clear lumen; sperms not observed. Vulva transverse. Vagina slightly bent posteriad, extending inwards about ½ to three-fifths (52–60%) of corresponding body diameter long, vaginal lumen slender with thickened distal region but not differentiated from body cuticle; pars proximalis vaginae slender, surrounded by well-developed circular musculature; pars refringens vaginae absent; pars distalis vaginae 7–9 µm long. Prerectum 5.2–9.0 and rectum 1.2–1.5 times anal body diameter long. Tail short, bluntly conoid. Caudal pores two on each side.</paragraph>
<caption id="BF91CEACFFF0FFBD05F7F8C0F924ABD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7629282" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7629282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7629282/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[191,230,1892,1918]" targetBox="[270,1311,438,1844]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF0FFBD05F7F8C0F924ABD1" blockId="18.[188,1399,1892,2024]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF0FFBD05F7F8C0F922AB46" bold="true" box="[191,265,1892,1919]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2CEEE5A7FFF0FFBD0458F8C1F9D2AB46" authority="Kumar &amp; Ahmad, 2023" authorityName="Kumar &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" box="[272,505,1893,1919]" class="Adenophorea" family="Belondiridae" genus="Axonchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF0FFBD0458F8C1F9D2AB46" box="[272,505,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Axonchium indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C2A9FF4DFFF0FFBD04B6F8C1FA7CAB46" box="[510,599,1893,1919]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF0FFBD0713F8C0FABEAB47" bold="true" box="[603,661,1892,1919]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A–C</emphasis>
. Paratype 2, ♀ (slide 2).
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF0FFBD06FCF8C1FBC5AB46" bold="true" box="[948,1006,1893,1919]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D–H</emphasis>
. Paratype 6, ♀ (slide 4).
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF0FFBD0044F8C0FD0AAB47" bold="true" box="[1292,1313,1892,1918]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. Entire body.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF0FFBD044EF82CF931AB9B" bold="true" box="[262,282,1928,1954]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
. Anterior region.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF0FFBD04BAF82CFA2CAB9B" bold="true" box="[498,519,1928,1954]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
. Anterior end showing amphid.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF0FFBD06C6F82CFB8AAB9B" bold="true" box="[910,929,1928,1954]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
. Junction between anterior slender and posterior expanded part of pharynx.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF0FFBD072BF80FFA5CABFC" bold="true" box="[611,631,1963,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E</emphasis>
. Cardia.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF0FFBD07A9F80FFAD8ABFC" bold="true" box="[737,755,1963,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">F</emphasis>
. Female genital system.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF0FFBD015CF80FFC00ABFC" bold="true" box="[1044,1067,1963,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G</emphasis>
. Vulva.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF0FFBD01C3F80FFC89ABFC" bold="true" box="[1163,1186,1963,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H</emphasis>
. Female posterior region.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BF91CEACFFF1FFBC05F5F8C0FBB6ABD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7629284" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7629284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7629284/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[189,230,1892,1918]" targetBox="[309,1337,296,1827]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF1FFBC05F5F8C0FBB6ABD0" blockId="19.[189,1399,1892,2025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC05F5F8C0F927AB46" bold="true" box="[189,268,1892,1919]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2CEEE5A7FFF1FFBC045CF8C1F9D4AB46" authority="Kumar &amp; Ahmad, 2023" authorityName="Kumar &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" box="[276,511,1893,1919]" class="Adenophorea" family="Belondiridae" genus="Axonchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC045CF8C1F9D4AB46" box="[276,511,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Axonchium indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C2A9FF4DFFF1FFBC074EF8C1FA49AB46" box="[518,610,1893,1919]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(LM photographs).
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC061AF8C0FBA2AB46" bold="true" box="[850,905,1892,1919]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A–B</emphasis>
. Paratype 2, ♀ (slide 2).
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC01FBF8C0FCC9AB46" bold="true" box="[1203,1250,1892,1919]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C–I</emphasis>
. Paratype 6, ♀ (slide 4).
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC041CF82CF942AB9B" bold="true" box="[340,361,1928,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
. Anterior region.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC070FF82CFA72AB9B" bold="true" box="[583,601,1928,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
. Anterior end showing amphid.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC06ACF82CFBD2AB9B" bold="true" box="[996,1017,1928,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
. Pharynx.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC0137F82CFCBFAB9B" bold="true" box="[1151,1172,1928,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
. Junction between two parts of the pharynx.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC04B4F80FFA3BABFC" bold="true" box="[508,528,1963,1989]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">E</emphasis>
. Cardia.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC07CAF80FFABFABFC" bold="true" box="[642,660,1963,1989]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">F</emphasis>
. Vulva.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC07B6F80FFB3EABFC" bold="true" box="[766,789,1963,1989]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">G</emphasis>
. Anterior uterine sac.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC016FF80FFC15ABFC" bold="true" box="[1063,1086,1963,1989]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H</emphasis>
. Posterior genital branch.
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF1FFBC05F5F86AF8E3ABD1" bold="true" box="[189,200,1998,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">I</emphasis>
. Posterior region. Scale bars: A–B, D–I = 10 µm; C = 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF6FFBB05A2FE7CF901ADCB" blockId="20.[189,317,472,534]" box="[234,298,472,498]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF6FFBB05A2FE7CF901ADCB" bold="true" box="[234,298,472,498]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF6FFBB05F5FE58F916AE2C" blockId="20.[189,317,472,534]" box="[189,317,507,534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Not found.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3F4CDAFFFF6FFBB05F5FD99FB29A8EF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF6FFBB05F5FD99F99CAE6E" blockId="20.[189,439,573,599]" box="[189,439,573,599]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="B0192948FFF6FFBB05F5FD99F99CAE6E" bold="true" box="[189,439,573,599]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF6FFBB05F5FD99F99CAE6E" bold="true" box="[189,439,573,599]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF6FFBB05F5FDC8FC67AF2D" blockId="20.[189,1400,620,788]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The new species differs from all known species of
<taxonomicName id="2CEEE5A7FFF6FFBB0672FDC8FB95AEBF" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[826,958,620,646]" class="Adenophorea" family="Belondiridae" genus="Axonchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF6FFBB0672FDC8FB95AEBF" box="[826,958,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Axonchium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its comparatively short posterior expanded part of the pharynx. However, it comes close to
<taxonomicName id="2CEEE5A7FFF6FFBB0633FD34FC93AE90" authority="Jairajpuri, 1964" authorityName="Jairajpuri" authorityYear="1964" box="[891,1208,655,682]" class="Adenophorea" family="Belondiridae" genus="Axonchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF6FFBB0633FD34FBDCAE90" box="[891,1015,655,682]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. nitidum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F7FE3D5FFF6FFBB06B6FD2BFC93AE90" author="Jairajpuri" box="[1022,1208,655,681]" firstAuthor="Jairajpuri" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="173 - 187" refId="ref28359" refString="Jairajpuri M. S. 1964. Studies on Nygellidae n. fam. and Belondiridae Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea) with description of ten new species from India. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 31: 173 - 187." type="journal article" year="1964">
Jairajpuri,
<quantity id="2C1633C1FFF6FFBB0135FD2BFC93AE90" box="[1149,1208,655,681]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.98856" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="1964.0">1964</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in its body size and tail shape, but differs from it in having a shorter pharynx (b = 3.3–3.7 vs 2.2–3.0); anterior vulva position (V = 45–48 vs 52–53); longer anterior uterine sac (G1 = 2.5–4.7 vs 0.8–1.3 or 0.9–1.6 vs 0.5 times the corresponding body diameter long) and male not found (vs known).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF6FFBB05F5FC98F9C7AFDD" blockId="20.[189,1400,827,996]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
In the body size and vaginal character, the new species also resembles
<taxonomicName id="2CEEE5A7FFF6FFBB0149FC98FD62AF6F" authority="Siddiqi, 1995" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1995" box="[1025,1353,827,854]" class="Adenophorea" family="Belondiridae" genus="Axonchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="perplexans">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF6FFBB0149FC98FC88AF6C" box="[1025,1187,827,854]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. perplexans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F7FE3D5FFF6FFBB01E2FC9FFD62AF6F" author="Siddiqi" box="[1194,1353,827,854]" firstAuthor="Siddiqi" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="72 - 109" refId="ref29064" refString="Siddiqi M. R. 1995. Nematodes of tropical rainforests, seven new genera and forty two new species of dorylaims. Afro-Asian Journal of Nematology 5: 72 - 109." type="journal article" year="1995">Siddiqi, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but differs in having a robust body (a = 34–38 vs 49–57); shape of lip region (angular vs hemispheroid); shorter pharynx (b = 3.3–3.7 vs 2.8–3.0); anterior vulva position (V = 45–48 vs 54–56); longer anterior uterine sac (0.9–1.6 times vs less than corresponding body diameter long); and tail shape (conoid vs hemispherical to clavate).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB519E24FFF6FFBB05F5FBAEFB29A8EF" blockId="20.[187,1400,1034,1238]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The new species also resembles
<taxonomicName id="2CEEE5A7FFF6FFBB070AFBAFFBB8A81C" authority="Williams, 1958" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1958" box="[578,915,1034,1061]" class="Adenophorea" family="Belondiridae" genus="Axonchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bulbosum">
<emphasis id="D99A4236FFF6FFBB070AFBAFFAFDA81D" box="[578,726,1034,1061]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. bulbosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F7FE3D5FFF6FFBB0795FBAEFBB8A81C" author="Williams" box="[733,915,1034,1061]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="9" refId="ref29165" refString="Williams J. R. 1958. Studies on the nematode soil fauna of sugarcane fields in Mauritius 2. Belondiridae (Dorylaimoidea, Enoplida). Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, Occasional Paper 2: 9." type="journal article" year="1958">Williams, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but differs in the shape of the lip region (angular lips vs with rounded outer and inner portion); shorter pharynx (b = 3.3–3.7 vs 2.4–2.9); anterior vulva position (V = 45–48 vs 55–57); slightly longer anterior uterine sac (G1 = 2.5–4.7 vs 1.7–2.3 or 0.9–1.6 times vs shorter than corresponding body diameter long); the nature of the vagina (vaginal lumen slender, not enlarged vs distinctly enlarged with rounded or spheroid walls); and tail shape (conoid vs bulboid with extremely thick cuticle at terminus).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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