239 lines
29 KiB
XML
239 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="B90C90A4E0A17AC8BAF03E79647BCFD5" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4226.4.3" ID-CLB-Dataset="37249" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4226.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1bb0d3bf-fac9-4d4c-8d95-af3e2f12ddeb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265090" ID-ZooBank="8753ADEF-2888-46CD-A6DE-6BDF9D3CE0DC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1485849020621" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2017" docId="6140B34B4B14044E1C97FA45FE73FC6C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4226.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4226 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Metisella medea subsp. medea Evans 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="494" masterDocId="9D79CB334B1104491C00FFC4FFC0FFC9" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 11. Heteropterinae" masterLastPageNumber="508" masterPageNumber="487" pageNumber="492" updateTime="1698436526237" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="F7312F5B758073E5A403880F63EB6113" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C720CF20FDE60EA415E279C04B1DF161">
|
||
<mods:title id="0F97A3081E59E39B941AD5076D00344F">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 11. Heteropterinae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="61C646C9ACD3036D2B6F2A65A306B175" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1D4BA98212B842FE772EC0D936A24335">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="67020339706593E4187F55DEC17AB34D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="532451848523E18E554B311931339D7C">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7F511F373472A520F498822715EFCDAF" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7D8D4A1DDFF302FF964DA22E64EBC46E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DD5710FCB37FCE7DB4D79E1EE2D0E985">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="544DF3796F134135371B61CC7BAC3A27">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="8411D4AB30B28CECF9A8F753E8A1ECFF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="1F6060503E65B01FFE23915D25BC9BE9" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BC8CEA07D6EA1E8D0048824A648A0053">
|
||
<mods:title id="77CFDD0F9DCEE05B0819D5595A5B347D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="A41E5A4D4DF9C3A83102FA340341B90B">
|
||
<mods:date id="2D86D1B5FBE51DB54601D69E354633B2">2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="FC213B4E570961EF033B9D18A95FF8EA" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="9B3A136508418678C570FAB37219F7E9">4226</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A43764BA811DC718303B8976320F8D62" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="F149FAA84E75D891DC1FF7FFC69516B5">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="680F4C9C46B507D16DBA02558530DCA0" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="40A1D364BAA411898FB52AFA9CCD1193">487</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="09AF401025A4B80029341ECFA5C82D30">508</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="4EAF7B8CB8C33E51D2E4D14BEE33E3B2">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B1426D2381F8F956FCFDAA0C99EE552A" type="CLB-Dataset">37249</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7B4B4580DF7A17E670BA8FDF408CD5D4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4226.4.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2B6672F6650E9D41D82238AE4D09DDFF" type="GBIF-Dataset">1bb0d3bf-fac9-4d4c-8d95-af3e2f12ddeb</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="41AE731D57A949C1BF41E8F405C8453C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9F076D0469D1D7271201B8B5CD7AE9D3" type="Zenodo-Dep">265090</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1D66DE8A71957F24725F8710DFBD4AB5" type="ZooBank">8753ADEF-2888-46CD-A6DE-6BDF9D3CE0DC</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="6140B34B4B14044E1C97FA45FE73FC6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5670000" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127628022" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5670000" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B14044E1C97FA45FE73FC6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6140B34B4B14044E1C97FA45FE73FC6C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<subSubSection id="A1F351D64B14044C1C97FA45FE46F9B8" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B14044C1C97FA45FD8EFA52" blockId="5.[151,590,1409,1435]" box="[151,590,1409,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<heading id="B21EB5314B14044C1C97FA45FD8EFA52" bold="true" box="[151,590,1409,1435]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B14044C1C97FA45FD8EFA52" ID-CoL="42G3W" authority="Evans, 1937" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,590,1409,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="medea" subSpecies="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B14044C1C97FA45FD8EFA52" bold="true" box="[151,590,1409,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B14044C1C97FA45FE70FA52" bold="true" box="[151,432,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Metisella medea medea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B14044C1DB8FA45FD8EFA52" author="Evans" box="[440,590,1409,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp. [30 plates.]" type="book" year="1937">Evans, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B14044C1C97FA0DFE46F9B8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1480,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B14044C1C97FA0DFEEEFA29" author="Evans" box="[151,302,1480,1504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp. [30 plates.]" type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described this species from Mt Kenya, and attributed to it a few additional specimens from Congo, Uganda and Tanzania.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="598108004B14044C1D9FFA29FE46F9B8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520790" collectorName="De Jong" country="Nigeria" location="Mt. Malawi" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
|
||
Evans also described a second subspecies,
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B14044C1F8FFA28FC0CF9CC" box="[911,972,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">nyika</emphasis>
|
||
Evans, from Kusungu,
|
||
<location id="EC3654864B14044C18E0FA29FAAAF9CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B14044E1C97FA45FE73FC6C:EC3654864B14044C18E0FA29FAAAF9CC" box="[1248,1386,1516,1541]" country="Nigeria" name="Mt. Malawi" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" stateProvince="A">Mt. Malawi</location>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B14044C1C97F9D5FEFAF9E0" author="Larsen" box="[151,314,1552,1577]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicates this is a separate species.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B14044C1EF0F9D5FCC4F9E0" box="[752,772,1553,1577]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
disjunct population in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B14044C181DF9D4FBB1F9E0" box="[1053,1137,1552,1577]" name="Nigeria" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and / or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B14044C18EBF9D4FAA0F9E1" box="[1259,1376,1552,1576]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
may represent a separate species or subspecies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B14044C1E92F9F0FCE9F984" author="Larsen" box="[658,809,1588,1613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B14044C1F40F9F1FC37F984" box="[832,1015,1588,1613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" refString="De Jong, R. (1976) Two new species of Hesperiidae from western Kenya (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 49, 299 - 306." type="journal article">
|
||
<collectorName id="441C678B4B14044C1F40F9F1FC61F984" box="[832,929,1589,1613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">De Jong</collectorName>
|
||
(1976)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrates the male genitalia of the nominate subspecies.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A1F351D64B14044E1CC7F9B8FE73FC6C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B14044C1CC7F9B8FEC2F880" blockId="5.[151,1437,1480,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
Widespread in the highlands of Kenya, this is more of a mountain species than perhaps any other skipper in Kenya.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="598108004B14044C1CF1F964FC40F914" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520791" collectionCode="MJWC" country="Kenya" county="North-east" location="Escarpment" municipality="Aberdares" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FF89A984B14044C1CF1F964FE82F971" box="[241,322,1696,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">MJWC</collectionCode>
|
||
has found it on the
|
||
<location id="EC3654864B14044C1E36F965FD7AF971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B14044E1C97FA45FE73FC6C:EC3654864B14044C1E36F965FD7AF971" box="[566,698,1697,1720]" country="Kenya" county="North-east" municipality="Aberdares" name="Escarpment" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Escarpment</location>
|
||
side of the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="093298274B14044C1F4BF964FC7EF970" box="[843,958,1696,1721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Aberdares</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
on the lower side of the rain forest, and through most of the rain forest on the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="00377AD14B14044C1E3DF900FD73F914" box="[573,691,1732,1757]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">North-east</collectingCounty>
|
||
side of Mt
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B14044C1F33F901FC40F914" box="[819,896,1733,1757]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="598108004B14044C1F89F901FF3EF880" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520783" collectingDate="1989-10" collectionCode="MJWC" country="Tanzania" location="Kielland" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" specimenCode="MJWC 89" specimenCount="1">
|
||
He has not seen adults on the Ngong Hills, near Nairobi, but collected two caterpillars there close to the highest parts in
|
||
<date id="9D57249D4B14044C1FDAF92CFBB5F8C9" box="[986,1141,1768,1793]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1989-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="8D13DD754B14044C1FDAF92CFBB5F8C9" box="[986,1141,1768,1793]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1989-10">October 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="B94FAA264B14044C1886F92CFB3FF8C9" box="[1158,1279,1768,1792]" collectionCode="MJWC" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FF89A984B14044C1886F92CFB19F8C9" box="[1158,1241,1768,1792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">MJWC</collectionCode>
|
||
89
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
/72).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B14044C193CF92CFF21F8ED" author="Kielland" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, Australia, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">
|
||
<location id="EC3654864B14044C193CF92CFA5CF8C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B14044E1C97FA45FE73FC6C:EC3654864B14044C193CF92CFA5CF8C8" box="[1340,1436,1768,1793]" country="Tanzania" name="Kielland" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Kielland</location>
|
||
(1990)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
associates this species with ‘highland open habitats, montane forests and riversides from
|
||
<date id="9D57249D4B14044C18C8F8C8FA9AF8ED" box="[1224,1370,1804,1828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1000" valueMax="2700">1000 to 2700</date>
|
||
m’ in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B14044C1C97F8F4FF3EF880" box="[151,254,1840,1865]" name="Tanzania" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B14044C1CC7F890FCDFF858" blockId="5.[151,1437,1480,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B14044C1CC7F890FE4BF8A4" bold="true" box="[199,395,1876,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Adult behaviour</emphasis>
|
||
. The adults seen in Kenya (
|
||
<figureCitation id="71D21ED84B14044C1EC6F890FCE8F8A5" box="[710,808,1876,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,797,819]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,773]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,339,773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Adult female Metisella medea medea, collected as caterpillar on unidentified grass, Ngong Hills, 1 Oct 1989; adult 22 - 23 Oct; photographed 23 Oct; 89 / 72 A. 1, showing partial view of upper side; 2, under side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265094/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) were found beside the road in open parts of the forest. They sunbathe resting on vegetation and come to flowers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B14044F1CC7F858FC38FED4" blockId="5.[151,1437,1480,2009]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B14044C1CC7F858FEA3F87C" bold="true" box="[199,355,1948,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Food plants.</emphasis>
|
||
Unfortunately, when MJWC collected the two caterpillars on Ngong Hills, two grasses,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B14044C1C97F804FE78F810" box="[151,440,1984,2009]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Helictotrichon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B14044C1C97F804FE78F810" box="[151,440,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Helictotrichon elongatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B14044C1DEFF804FD61F811" box="[495,673,1984,2009]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ehrharta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B14044C1DEFF804FD61F811" box="[495,673,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Ehrharta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B14044C1F44F805FC2AF810" box="[836,1002,1984,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" rank="variety" variety="abyssinica">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B14044C1F74F804FC2AF810" box="[884,1002,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">abyssinica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), were mixed together. The food plant is at least one of these (probably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B17044F1E2DFF5DFD57FF79" box="[557,663,153,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ehrharta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1E2DFF5DFD57FF79" box="[557,663,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">E. erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or perhaps both. In captivity the caterpillars accepted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B17044F1931FF53FEEFFF1C" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphyllus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1931FF53FEEFFF1C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Cenchrus trachyphyllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B17044F1D5CFF79FD4AFF1C" box="[348,650,188,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1D5CFF79FD4AFF1C" box="[348,650,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Pennisetum trachyphyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as well as an unidentified lawn grass (referred to locally as 'Karen grass').
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B17044F1CEDFF24FE4CFF31" author="Larsen" box="[237,396,224,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports the food plants as ‘various grasses’ and includes MJWC’s unconfirmed record from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B17044F1C97FEC0FF3DFED4" box="[151,253,260,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ehrharta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1C97FEC0FF3DFED4" box="[151,253,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Ehrharta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subsequently, he gives the food plants as ‘Poaceae’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B17044F1F5AFEC0FC2CFED4" author="Larsen" box="[858,1004,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BD9652D54B17044F1C97FCD9FB94FC9B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265094/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" targetBox="[151,1436,339,773]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B17044F1C97FCD9FB94FC9B" blockId="6.[151,1436,797,850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1C97FCD9FECCFCFA" bold="true" box="[151,268,797,819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. Adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B17044F1DA2FCD9FD50FCFA" box="[418,656,797,819]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="medea" subSpecies="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1DA2FCD9FD50FCFA" box="[418,656,797,819]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Metisella medea medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, collected as caterpillar on unidentified grass, Ngong Hills, 1 Oct 1989; adult 22-23 Oct; photographed 23 Oct; 89/72A.
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1E46FCF8FD92FC98" bold="true" box="[582,594,828,849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">1</emphasis>
|
||
, showing partial view of upper side;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1FCBFCF8FC17FC98" bold="true" box="[971,983,828,849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">2</emphasis>
|
||
, under side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B17044F1CC7FCBBFE54FC75" blockId="6.[151,1436,895,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1CC7FCBBFEA9FC51" bold="true" box="[199,361,895,920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Leaf shelters.</emphasis>
|
||
The fourth instar caterpillars made a leaf roll with the apical part of a leaf rolled downwards, and fed basally to this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BD9652D54B17044F1C97F968FD5CF8F4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265095/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" targetBox="[151,1436,1008,1687]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B17044F1C97F968FD5CF8F4" blockId="6.[151,1436,1708,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1C97F968FED2F90B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1708,1730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
. Caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B17044F1DC5F968FD7FF90B" box="[453,703,1708,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="medea" subSpecies="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1DC5F968FD7FF90B" box="[453,703,1708,1730]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Metisella medea medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, collected on grass, Ngong Hills, 1 Oct 1989.
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F18C2F968FB0EF908" bold="true" box="[1218,1230,1708,1729]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">1</emphasis>
|
||
, penultimate instar caterpillar anterior region, dorsal view; photographed 2 Oct; moulted 8 Oct; 10mm; 89/72B;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1850F90FFB9DF929" bold="true" box="[1104,1117,1739,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">2</emphasis>
|
||
, final instar caterpillar anterior region, dorsolateral view; moulted to final instar 8 Oct; photographed 11 Oct; pupated 19 Oct; 21mm; 89/72B;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1913F92EFAE0F936" bold="true" box="[1299,1312,1770,1791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">3</emphasis>
|
||
, final instar caterpillar, dorsolateral view; moulted to final instar 2 Oct; photographed 2 Oct; pupated 10 Oct; 16mm; 89/72A;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F192AF8CCFAF6F8D4" bold="true" box="[1322,1334,1800,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">4</emphasis>
|
||
, prepupa, dorsal view; photographed 18 Oct; 16mm; 89/72B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B17044E1CC7F8AEFF1DFF31" blockId="6.[151,1436,1898,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,933]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B17044F1CC7F8AEFE91F84A" bold="true" box="[199,337,1898,1923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Caterpillar.</emphasis>
|
||
The early instars are striped green with a black head. The head of the penultimate instar (Figure 5.1) measures 1.2 x
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B17044F1D88F849FE25F86F" box="[392,485,1933,1958]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" unit="mm" value="1.35">1.35mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x high (n=2); dark brown-black, very slightly paler on face over frons and adfrontals; shiny, weakly rugose on epicranium, smooth on adfrontals, frons and clypeus; scattered short, fine, dark setae; adfrontal suture scarcely evident; frontal suture marked by a row of small pits; adfrontal smoothly and lightly grooved at right angles to the sutures; frons with a row of vertical grooves across base and another across middle. Pronotum narrow, black. Body green with strong subdorsal and dorsolateral pale stripes and a weak lateral pale stripe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B16044E1CC7FEC0FE18FD61" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">
|
||
The final instar caterpillar (Figure 5.2–4) was
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B16044E1ECCFEC0FCD3FED4" box="[716,787,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" unit="mm" value="16.0">16mm</quantity>
|
||
long when newly moulted and grew to at least
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B16044E1924FEC0FAAFFED5" box="[1316,1391,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" unit="mm" value="21.0">21mm</quantity>
|
||
; the head measured 1.6 x 2.0mm wide a high (n=2); matt, weakly rugose on epicranium, smooth on adfrontals and frons; scattered short, fine, pale setae. In individual 89/72
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B16044E1F32FE88FC86FEAD" box="[818,838,332,356]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Figure 5.3) the head was dull green (the cuticle is translucent), with a broad black line from apex to stemmata, a narrow line extending posteriorly along basal stemmata. In contrast, the head of individual 89/72B (
|
||
<figureCitation id="71D21ED84B16044E1F06FE50FCA9FE64" box="[774,873,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1708,1730]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1008,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1008,1687]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Caterpillars of Metisella medea medea, collected on grass, Ngong Hills, 1 Oct 1989. 1, penultimate instar caterpillar anterior region, dorsal view; photographed 2 Oct; moulted 8 Oct; 10 mm; 89 / 72 B; 2, final instar caterpillar anterior region, dorsolateral view; moulted to final instar 8 Oct; photographed 11 Oct; pupated 19 Oct; 21 mm; 89 / 72 B; 3, final instar caterpillar, dorsolateral view; moulted to final instar 2 Oct; photographed 2 Oct; pupated 10 Oct; 16 mm; 89 / 72 A; 4, prepupa, dorsal view; photographed 18 Oct; 16 mm; 89 / 72 B." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265095/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="71D21ED84B16044E1F6EFE50FCBFFE64" box="[878,895,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1089,1111]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1065]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,339,1065]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Early stages of Metisella midas midas, collected on Leersia hexandra, Kyuna Estate, Nairobi. 1, Ovum, 15 Feb 1989; 89 / 86; 2, leaf shelter, 12 Nov 1989; 3, instar 4 caterpillar, collected 14 Oct 1989; photographed 16 Oct 1989; 7 mm; parasitized; 89 / 80 A; 4, head of instar 4 caterpillar, collected 20 Jan 1990; moulted to final instar approx. 1 Feb; photographed 5 Feb 1990; parasitoid emerged 11 Feb; 90 / 6 F, 5, final instar 5 caterpillar, dorsolateral view; collected 12 Mar 1989; photographed 12 Mar 1989; pupated 17 Mar; 20 mm; 89 / 9 A; 6, as # 5, detail of head, anterodorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265092/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="71D21ED84B16044E1F8EFE50FC5DFE65" box="[910,925,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,797,819]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,773]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,339,773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Adult female Metisella medea medea, collected as caterpillar on unidentified grass, Ngong Hills, 1 Oct 1989; adult 22 - 23 Oct; photographed 23 Oct; 89 / 72 A. 1, showing partial view of upper side; 2, under side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265094/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) was dark blackish brown with a broad dull green stripe from apex along narrowly dark epicranial suture, across adfrontals, frons and clypeus; a diffuse green posterolateral line in basal part of head and a large ventrolateral green patch over stemmata. Pronotum transparent green in individual 89/72
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B16044E1DB8FDC4FE0DFDD1" box="[440,461,512,536]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
, diffusely dark dorsolaterally with a lateral dark spot in individual 89/72B. Body dull green; two narrow, yellow-white subdorsal lines; thicker, white dorsolateral lines; narrow yellow-white lateral line becoming white posteriorly; scattered very short, very fine, pale setae; anal plate with longer, erect, pale setae, darker on posterior margin; legs pale brown; prolegs concolorous with body; spiracles pale inconspicuous. The final instar lasted 8–11 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B16044E1CC7FD70FE73FC6C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E1CC7FD70FECCFD04" bold="true" box="[199,268,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
The pupa is
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B16044E1DA0FD70FE28FD04" box="[416,488,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" unit="mm" value="16.0">16mm</quantity>
|
||
long with a short blunt, slightly upturned frontal spike
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B16044E185CFD70FB6BFD04" box="[1116,1195,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 1.0mm wide at base; proboscis sheath to end of wings only; cuticle transparent; slightly darker dorsal line from frontal spike to cremaster; pale yellow subdorsal line on thorax of 89/72
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B16044E1F1CFD38FCF0FCDD" box="[796,816,764,788]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
but not 89/72B; pale dorsolateral line from T2 to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B16044E1973FD38FA4AFCDD" box="[1395,1418,764,788]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
8, which may be yellowish on thorax; one or two whitish lateral lines on abdomen; individual 89/72B also has an interrupted weak dark line from head above eyes, to small dark spiracle T1, to base of wings. The body contents show through as light green becoming pale yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="71D21ED84B16044E1EF3FCA3FC96FC49" box="[755,854,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1404]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,988,1404]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pupa of Metisella medea medea, dorsal view; collected 1 Oct 1989 on grass, Ngong Hills; pupated 19 Oct; photographed 20 Oct; adult 31 Oct; 16 mm; 89 / 72 B." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265096/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) and then showing the adult colouring. The pupal stage lasts about 12 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |