293 lines
29 KiB
XML
293 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="6023" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e5aa5473-472f-4b91-8500-cedbf2d258d7" ID-PMC="PMC8225607" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-179-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8A717F353A1955EA970F44D4B50B2888" ID-PubMed="34220211" ModsDocID="1314-2003-179-35" checkinTime="1623961752461" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shah, Sayed Afzal, Sultan, Amir, Wen, Jun, Ullah, Zahid, Nisa, Surat Un, Ren, Zhumei, Alam, Muhammad Maqsood, Iqbal, Javed & Mumtaz, Abdul Samad" docDate="2021" docId="61230A9299065E07A18FB8C593517ED1" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 179: 35-73" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 179" docPubDate="2021-06-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514" docTitle="Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum (Rech. f.) Rech. f., Fl. Iranica 73: 14. 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="8A717F353A1955EA970F44D4B50B2888" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="8A717F353A1955EA970F44D4B50B2888" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Vincetoxicum s. str. (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) from southern Asia including three new species and resurrected names" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1732743090235" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C71D3043F53831CDE476B15E46A76833">Taxonomy of Vincetoxicum s. str. (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) from southern Asia including three new species and resurrected names</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E0F6C5B5C3B467BEDBBC51835BB1125F">Shah, Sayed Afzal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9BB98D9201A0C1B7268FDC8CD07CF84B">Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Nurpur Road, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan & Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, The Mall, Abid Majeed Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DC0F096E8254F337E2AB48BF6FDDF887" type="email">afzaltaxonomist@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="99EF2EBE471EE732C479538CD2C3736D">Sultan, Amir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="96F2CD7970A63B0666D1256E739D196D">National Herbarium, National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9A99E5AAA5C30CD5C74936B819C1DDF7">Wen, Jun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CF20D0B3723812F8B11CFDA780D80279" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6353-522X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="2412E2CACB274E8057086D010BB7D3F6">Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC- 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DB2754FEDCA3F1E2FEB84DF120F3FFC1">Ullah, Zahid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="276F2D2C1A4F4A9AE98A10D38873D11E">Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Kanju Township, Swat, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B1FBC7C336E39155E7F4EA668E32F13E">Nisa, Surat Un</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="038775DDC6B09C919C6100B7C1D0BDEB">Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Nurpur Road, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F0340AD44A0D58C7FB83B030978284D8">Ren, Zhumei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="92CCE72CB14C4A37491E042EDEB624A1">School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="81E2D6CB95560D73E7356ADEE2A27A81">Alam, Muhammad Maqsood</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="58221520700B2BC92CA1AEDA73B3C2BF">Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Nurpur Road, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7EC311E23166AEB18E8536C53C294577">Iqbal, Javed</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="82FC7D1A59929BD900500F8C685D7F07">Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Kanju Township, Swat, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="42EA5D8FA4F23FFA6FAF44BD3F258AB8">Mumtaz, Abdul Samad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BC9C76DDD1FD2207B8ADCAEDAAF4B2A5">Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Nurpur Road, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B20DCC5F4B0EA2C2A02F46EA6045323E">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="38C478000F0831645656129315E3DEA5">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EE5B5A8CA1707F0C194FAEF5B054589E">2021-06-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B2AC1F84B105F1A1481F85394A244F62">179</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7784547853A4FC4F3190B29D144B4800">35</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="5F118BB98E31366FB3EAA1BC5D9C324C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="06C5DFD3535F6F0BA8D58E4C5F43C482">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0D7AA73308B0F790DC222FA2DFF81798" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9063E34AFA3588EEC7020A500F7542C1" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-179-35</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="61230A9299065E07A18FB8C593517ED1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182953819" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61230A9299065E07A18FB8C593517ED1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/61230A9299065E07A18FB8C593517ED1" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" scope_family="Apocynaceae" scope_subFamily="Asclepiadoideae">
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<subSubSection id="CE6907C6A7790C123F9F47EE029F62E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="939EB17453EE9D3029BB74AA73FBE78E" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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3.
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<taxonomicName id="6744372ABED41E008948B7B86D4D233C" ID-CoL="5BFMY" LSID="61230A92-9906-5E07-A18F-B8C593517ED1" authority="(Rech. f.) Rech. f., Fl. Iranica 73: 14. 1970" authorityName="(Rech. f.) Rech. f., Fl. Iranica 73: 14." authorityYear="1970" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cardiostephanum">Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum (Rech. f.) Rech. f., Fl. Iranica 73: 14. 1970</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="DE361B085A90D64247A21DFD8FC4FD7C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Outlines of leaves of southern Asian Vincetoxicum. All illustrated specimens are housed at RAW. The first image in each pair corresponds to the adaxial surface and the second to the abaxial surface. All leaves have been taken from the middle of the stem A, B Vincetoxicum sp. aff. arnottianum from S. A. Shah SAS- 9 C, D Vincetoxicum sp. aff. arnottianum from S. A. Shah SAS- 46 E, F Vincetoxicum sp. aff. arnottianum from R. Khan SAS- 41 G, H V. arnottianum from S. A. Shah & F. Rahman SAS- 3 I, J V. arnottianum from S. A. Shah & B. Ali SAS- 4 K, L V. cabulicum from D. Podlech 15814 M, N V. cardiostephanum from S. A. Shah, M. Turi et al. SAS- 40 O, P V. kenouriense from S. A. Shah & L. Ahmad SAS- 37 Q, R V. lenifolium from S. A. Shah SAS- 44 S, T V. luridum from S. A. Shah & I. Ahmad SAS- 23 U, V V. lenifolium from N. Ali 1029 W, X V. sakesarense from I. Ahmad 27821 Y, Z V. stewartianum from R. R. Stewart 16709 AA, AB V. stocksii from B. Gul, N. Khan et al. SAS- 21 AC, AD V. subcanescens from A. Sultan, Z. Saqib et al. SAS- 52 AE, AF V. subcanescens from S. A. Shah & A. Ullah SAS- 8. Drawing by M. Saleem and S. A. Shah." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/556582" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figs 2M, N</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="7ACE3780B3EA1AE8ED7E15A47B07F1AF" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Illustration of corona types observed in southern Asian Vincetoxicum. The dark coloured shapes show corona lobes A Vincetoxicum arnottianum from S. A. Shah & B. Ali SAS- 4 (RAW) B V. cabulicum from W. Koelz 11764 (US) C V. cardiostephanum from S. A. Shah, M. Turi et al. SAS- 40 (RAW) D V. glaucum from W. Dudeeon & L. A. Kenoyer 56 (MO) E V. kenouriense from S. A. Shah & L. Ahmad SAS- 37 (RAW) F V. lenifolium from S. A. Shah SAS- 44 (RAW) G V. luridum from S. A. Shah & I. Ahmad SAS- 23 (RAW) H A variable specimen of V. lenifolium from N. Ali 1029 (RAW) I V. sakesarense from I. Ahmad 27821 (RAW) J V. stewartianum from R. R. Stewart 16709 (RAW) K V. stocksii from J. F. Duthie 18918 (RAW) L V. subcanescens from S. A. Shah & A. Ullah SAS- 8 (RAW). Drawing by M. Saleem and S. A. Shah." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/556583" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 3C</figureCitation>
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||
<figureCitation id="C49D0E264D99BC0EC7B17FEB3466BF34" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Pollinaria of southern Asian Vincetoxicum A, B V. arnottianum C V. cabulicum D, E V. cardiostephanum F V. glaucum G, H V. kenouriense I, J V. lenifolium K, L V. luridum M V. lenifolium N, O V. sakesarense P V. stewartianum Q, R V. stocksii S, T V. subcanescens." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/556584" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 4D, E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="08DC90C6CDEFA745848AAC957D03390B" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Geographic distribution of southern Asian Vincetoxicum. The colour of the symbols corresponds to the colour of the corolla." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/556586" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="5DAA82BC325005B07A05777A60BB362B" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Field photographs of Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum A habit B inflorescence C, D follicle. Photos by S. A. Shah." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/556588" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 8</figureCitation>
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||
<figureCitation id="4CC9C89B4E69EB2464E505D6C697B9E6" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum illustrated by S. A. Shah & S. U. Nisa from S. A. Shah, W. Hussain, Murtaza & M. Ullah SAS- 40 (RAW!) A flowering plant B flower in natural orientation C corolla lobes D corona (black) E follicle." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/556589" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 9</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90FD0E1D73485B40F44CF14BDD40FCC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E59E285458BD33BBC38A84689888528" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ED94ADD9D3F245538048D2D19C5E0B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum cardiostephanum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cardiostephanum">Cynanchum cardiostephanum</taxonomicName>
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Rech. f.,
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||
<normalizedToken id="9672479FDC053CF76FD3FFA2FBB5F43C" originalValue="Österr">Oesterr</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Anz. 105: 241. 1969
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8B49C28A363AF0808D57F8EEC0D30B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="3587CABD42888F1B148DBAF07613E8FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<typeStatus id="269B4A8586CEBC6EAF43DFCDAE01D1F1">Type</typeStatus>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E3721E659DBDE70CC7BE33F969D8FBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0AB07CF66BAAD6A100EBD03CED324259" collectingDate="1967-06-05" collectorName="K. H. Rechinger, Holotype, Isotypes" country="Afghanistan" county="Chakmani" elevation="2100" location="Jaji" municipality="Narai Kotal" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CDCCCCCEA7FF5580953765C38484EFED" name="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="24870D4F979DBAA7A091BA2017DA1F16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61230A9299065E07A18FB8C593517ED1:24870D4F979DBAA7A091BA2017DA1F16" country="Afghanistan" county="Chakmani" municipality="Narai Kotal" name="Jaji">Jaji</location>
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||
, in declivibus jugi
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C64D9BC23A5D78FDDBA5BE1B0B60C060">Narai Kotal</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
versus
|
||
<collectingCounty id="C80A7C82C90BAD3036DFF48A1BFE4C6E">Chakmani</collectingCounty>
|
||
, in apertis quercetorum (
|
||
<emphasis id="61EFD345C00C0D87A1E9DB0449F285C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Qu. baloot</emphasis>
|
||
), substr. serpentin.,
|
||
<quantity id="F395EEBBE8EB4B065ED061C65A140568" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" unit="m" value="2100.0">
|
||
<elevation id="4F7BF7C5DBB6669056B587F282BC1CAE" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="D7E6D0818D1D46E86D11A30D655AF384" value="1967-06-05">5 June 1967</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C8EEE0B640649B1013BC662DF923DD91">
|
||
K.H.
|
||
<emphasis id="319465BA1FD74D713AF9A382760D97DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Rechinger 35614</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="451C4615FCB0A7D2B18683D0C07F6920" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<typeStatus id="15A665997E6CA5138126D7055F4FDB22">
|
||
<collectorName id="C55D348D81DA24BAC130E31E14C0AB44">Holotype</collectorName>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: WU online [WU 1969-0013837],
|
||
<emphasis id="BC7E08EE450526A726D5196751B77656" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectorName id="88589453658F25ECE8431052C7EF1C42">Isotypes</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: B online [B10 0365 118],
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E81113C541F577C39B237E3974EB976E" name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
online [00112305]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E3A6FC0F4ECC3BA4781B6BDC6A63A86" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Small herbs to undershrubs, up to
|
||
<quantity id="99804F7899E7E1906459BD51E181D8A5" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
tall. Stems striate, mostly pubescent along one or two lines, sometimes glabrous, internodes
|
||
<quantity id="0A0735621E5FAC1053BFFF66CC88160A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1-4 cm</quantity>
|
||
long. Leaves dense, pendent; petioles
|
||
<quantity id="B4709F498C9BBD15189C18BB0589CEC0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="2.0">2-10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, pubescent all around, sometimes only adaxial channel pubescent; lamina discolorous, narrowly lanceolate-ovate, 3-7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5CFEA87144F5F73EAF4E2710330511BD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity id="9DCC69175811D77507D54D377B93ED4D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.6" unit="cm" value="1.3" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.6">0.6-2 cm</quantity>
|
||
, both surfaces glabrous; apex acute to sometimes narrowly acute; base mostly obtuse; veins visible on both sides, sometimes inconspicuous, secondary veins up to 8 (-10) on each side of midvein, adaxial veins sparsely to densely pubescent, abaxial veins glabrous to glabrescent; margins sparsely pubescent. Inflorescences both sessile and shortly pedunculate; peduncles up to
|
||
<quantity id="0900370FF105A8EA5D7974C06EB93F26" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; bracts narrow, up to
|
||
<quantity id="7644A3929801864A1416C45CDC46B5A3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, margins ciliate; pedicels
|
||
<quantity id="C301472D5F6FDE1359E4E7BF1860F2D1" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, pubescent along one line. Flowers 2.5-3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FF480687548276186AD8A173B90699DC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity id="F08299F6D1E12DC5306AD47069A41E85" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, pendent; sepals tapering to acute apices, up to
|
||
<quantity id="AD20D66172938CEC4E8ABB8D4FAD2502" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, laterally sparsely ciliate, calycine colleters paired (10/flower); corolla yellowish-green, campanulate, corolla tube prominent,
|
||
<quantity id="68C274821F58D6B96C45C8D4797C777F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1 to 1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, lobes oblong-ovate with obtuse apices, 1-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4221981044769EB859D05B0B273723C4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity id="EF42C5FF1425B024C3E1DAB65C03C3E2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; corona clavate, ca. 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9322E63BC9E12BE24718F47A64CDD4B7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity id="B285CBC815355509CF3492F4325921CA" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, slightly exceeding the gynostegium in length, divergent. Follicles ovate-lanceolate to narrowly fusiform, up to 7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C1FDE07EA8FAC8BB20A2C334FBEB7E29" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity id="53D614CDC5C4CBB07CB70AA3A06BB88F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, apex acuminate, glabrous. Seeds dark brown, ca. 7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D01BF79003E87EE7F4E11BD2918AA24B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity id="217D2E7F52540B0F7D572F027A4AA7B8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wings up to
|
||
<quantity id="F5C3C0F9D15886038817284F2FEE2CEA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad; coma up to
|
||
<quantity id="F9332A0DD717931BB27BBB35BBE303AF" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9013656ED06BEF69FE8E64AB1B079BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D023450222A6AEFBE72C32AA91C8F74" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5AC520F97F5B15F4BCB1339E7585E228" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Two collections of this species are from Shalozan, Kurram valley, Pakistan. This place is located on the eastern border of Afghanistan. The type specimen is collected from Khost, Afghanistan, which is located nearby Kurram Valley. The habitat of the plant is open mountain slopes consisting of small stones and gravel. Elevation ranges from 2100 to 2200 m.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="290FEE3E62CEE5FFAA3639894762DC14" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph id="82A0228500448345675F868EA4876653" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF38C854284D779457CD2DE854FAC7C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5736702A686DAACF8ADE5EC97158753C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cardiostephanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0D347CED30698225C3DF34BC7A5F37E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flowers from July to August and fruits from August to October.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8867E5103BB285F1020A1B623B5D386E" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="provisional conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="0970CBC6E2F94187B8152509EAA608D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Provisional conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B1C11AFF544D218D2DE922396271EB44" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Critically endangered (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="41BA8A4A035073E123EE0D35E7427F7C" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Provisional conservation assessment and areas of endemism of southern Asian Vincetoxicum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DC470DF7FB00AE34C43220E5083E5CEB" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="DC470DF7FB00AE34C43220E5083E5CEB">1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE6DF3A2EC47C3DDF6C09B0F9999D4D3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cardiostephanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6E292B915BD432504FF584CD8101880" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is extremely rare and comprises very small populations of fewer than 50 individuals. It is known only from three localities in Pakistan and Afghanistan. It was declared critically endangered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF0CF7C4EA13AD4FD4E660DE8A650E4B" author="Hussain, W" journalOrPublisher="Biyolojik Cesitlilik ve Koruma" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="19 - 26" refId="B11" refString="Hussain, W, Badshah, L, Asghar, A, Hussain, F, 2019. Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum a threatened sub-endemic species in Koh-e-Safaid range, Pakistan. Biyolojik Cesitlilik ve Koruma 13 (1): 19 - 26" title="Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum a threatened sub-endemic species in Koh-e-Safaid range, Pakistan." volume="13" year="2019">Hussain et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Erosion is the biggest threat for this species. We have successfully potted a plant in NARC, Islamabad. This indicates that the plant could be conserved in ex-situ conditions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CA88402C8D686A07F3EAE90EAE595F26" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="441BE938FA3DE503757880279CCB21AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="68BC780B1477FDB69FF7811E3003ABB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
In the herbarium (RAW), only one gathering of this species from Kurram Valley, Pakistan was available, collected by Harsukh in 1894 and filed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="588E8E51223A1BE9CFA87EE36DA3AF74" authorityName="Persoon" authorityYear="1805" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum vincetoxicum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vincetoxicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5B64BE7A68A07A5CCDE7820D5138418" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Cynanchum vincetoxicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(syn.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F37EB311EDF9DF3EC0FDE74D3C7435E9" lsidName="V. hirundinaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="hirundinaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="C99BCF1317999FF16CA27CB5D31257C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">V. hirundinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). We re-discovered the species from the same area after 122 years. The population was composed of a mere 15 individuals. The type gathering of this species was collected from the adjacent area in Afghanistan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17DD40CA95AF467BA32D3BD72807A762" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5948C41F60D2A2C052B8C02B6CBFDF00" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD8B87B78030FF52684F8139DD71D648" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B1BFCC85285F30C874C9E5E37C519BE" collectingDate="2016-08-07" collectorName="S. A. Shah, W. Hussain, M. Hussain, M. Ullah" country="Pakistan" county="Kurram Valley" elevation="2200" location="Parachinar" municipality="Harsukh" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA8035F64A5C496BA49602D3E05307C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51007ECCE12947E5CAAB7B49FB0B91F8" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A58CAC9C44C64523894F01F72FD2AEF" country="Pakistan" name="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="A049B2EAC51651852EEE3DAF63455AEB">Kurram Valley</collectingCounty>
|
||
, 1894,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9910C77C37E02F41257C95311BDAA9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="73A09A62645363AA0166F57913668F74">Harsukh</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
15402
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(RAW, K);
|
||
<location id="B768FF0B213E7D25AA438C6E1935D07B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61230A9299065E07A18FB8C593517ED1:B768FF0B213E7D25AA438C6E1935D07B" country="Pakistan" county="Kurram Valley" municipality="Harsukh" name="Parachinar" stateProvince="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Parachinar</location>
|
||
: near
|
||
<location id="21963AC34B66408779CDDD031E73576C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61230A9299065E07A18FB8C593517ED1:21963AC34B66408779CDDD031E73576C" country="Pakistan" county="Kurram Valley" municipality="Harsukh" name="Khaiwas in Shalozan" stateProvince="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">
|
||
Khaiwas in
|
||
<location id="92BEA6DB7A22119AF0B673AA56B19634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61230A9299065E07A18FB8C593517ED1:92BEA6DB7A22119AF0B673AA56B19634" country="Pakistan" county="Kurram Valley" municipality="Harsukh" name="Shalozan valley" stateProvince="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Shalozan valley</location>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="5407D0904F7CEB885FA07C876C1179B6" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="m" value="2200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B591403C2006DD8A3E016D116F4B3A25" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="F5C743A237F8229D28F6802BC967BB7B" value="2016-08-07">07 August 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="5696B5778E73E652B95957B04B1ED44F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectorName id="576CE013BB39CDF4910D87EE1E0D86B9">S.A. Shah</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8F41F66EE52E3BCF14055B0444A0324B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectorName id="022A9F1BA2FADBF3A9A46EC304B8B853">W. Hussain</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="73999AD101DE6F6A170962BE639D6BED">M. Hussain</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="D7F807D7FD7F5F07928C0069F2D27178">M. Ullah</collectorName>
|
||
SAS-40
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(RAW, US)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |