166 lines
21 KiB
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166 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="35375" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48671e75-dd24-4e6d-8514-b0546ffd3fe3" ID-PMC="PMC4816990" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-60-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB" ID-PubMed="27081344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576336" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2003-60-49" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 60" ModsDocTitle="Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen" checkinTime="1455253102424" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Robinson, Harold, Skvarla, John J. & Funk, Vicki A." docDate="2016" docId="605854DDFA7DBB673D128792359CF792" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 60: 49-126" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 60" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734" docTitle="Orbivestus H. Rob. 1999" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB" masterDocTitle="Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1732645731463" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="16F3611BCDDA9321807722315A6F43CA">Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0CF4D8BB0AED63CC2895A07A9E69C35E">Robinson, Harold</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1230C298D7AB932AF5ABDBC092826F92">Skvarla, John J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A35A49FEE628F1E534302F5163B99636">Funk, Vicki A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5374AF49B022E9DB469C0ED16F526C01">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="47FA770353B04648CFB05F26B23F9C31">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="99BDE361F5F3E8B17669845EFE38C009">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="844AAABF959748FE6BBF36305117CCF7">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5B972593E609032CA7AB545420548838">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3E603735D212677661FF3EED211E8588" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="605854DDFA7DBB673D128792359CF792" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870782" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:605854DDFA7DBB673D128792359CF792" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/605854DDFA7DBB673D128792359CF792" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="35" pageNumber="84" scope_family="Asteraceae">
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<subSubSection id="ADFF45F66E078DEF342FCC3CD25089AB" pageId="35" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6DA13CD2CD96D42C558B500EB7566F21" pageId="35" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="2A34280EFCAE8BC3A376AA24CEF0DEDD" ID-CoL="63FPK" LSID="605854DD-FA7D-BB67-3D12-8792359CF792" authority="H. Rob., 1999" authorityName="H. Rob." authorityYear="1999" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Orbivestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Orbivestus" order="Asterales" pageId="35" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken id="9A464D2098DD38AE1DCA905C945AE23B" pageId="35" pageNumber="84" start="start">Orbivestus</pageBreakToken>
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H. Rob., 1999
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="F8866DB19DDCC14FF66F0A52E04B8929" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs of Oocephala and Orbivestus: A-B Oocephala centauroides (Klatt) H. Rob. & Skvarla, note: egg-shaped head C-E Orbivestus cinerascens (Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob. See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77489" pageId="35" pageNumber="84">
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Figures 17
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<normalizedToken id="8569E74048B2BBFC1458BCE2F0A77F57" originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="912CEE5419E24C25386C67E24A0FC12F" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Scanning electron micrographs of Orvibestus cinerascens (Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob. A Polar view showing 3 colpi B Polar view showing 4 colpi C Lateral view showing highly perforated sheet-like layers of exine common in many grains of the sample D Equatorial view (appearing nearly echinolophate) E Lateral / equatorial view showing 2 pores F Fractured grain showing thickened columellae supporting a higher perforate surface G Fractured polar surface (A-G Koekemoer 232)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77491" pageId="35" pageNumber="84">
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; 19
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<normalizedToken id="202ED83D237153385BAAB0493238C37E" originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E3DFA542217ABF62C9FE7554D9179439" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7721212DFD92CD564A5F42384B655011" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="4A1E5027CE3E2D4DFE1779742B99401C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Orbivestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Orbivestus" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken id="5FF9FA0238245C8E478295B74B3548C2" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" start="start">Orbivestus</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 112(1): 230. 1999. - Type:
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<taxonomicName id="3642AB16E0EDFF45D69683752FB9DEE2" authorityName="Oliv & Hiern" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia karaguensis" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karaguensis">
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<emphasis id="9FC9535742E498E62AE9E189B60A3E36" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">Vernonia karaguensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Oliv. & Hiern.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F0E12027C8484897B3A29EF8F2A00B3" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="3BF48C6DC1CC25273EBA654ADA49881E" authority="subg. Orbisvestus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vernonia subg. Orbisvestus</taxonomicName>
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S.B. Jones, Rhodora 83: 60. 1981. - Type:
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<taxonomicName id="B94168665F09A4D946A2D589E5E2693B" authorityName="Oliv & Hiern" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia karaguensis" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karaguensis">
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<emphasis id="D3DA4796A3BBB83204D5ED83DAB6FC8B" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">Vernonia karaguensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Oliv. & Hiern.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ACEC98E69DE83A345243988076E6017A" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" type="descriptions">
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<paragraph id="8E86016FA1B452F8A184748A50108E36" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">Descriptions.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2031315FBF8B333AF92C062252C9A50" pageId="36" pageNumber="85">
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Subshrubs to small shrubs with erect stems from a woody base, not or sparsely branched between base and inflorescence; hairs T-shaped. Leaves alternate, usually decrescent upwardly, sessile or short petiolate, blades elliptical or ovate to oblanceolate, mostly 4-9 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, base short-obtuse to acuminate, margins scarcely repand-dentate, apex short-acute, upper surface with small spinules and few small hairs, lower surface paler, grayish with slender hairs and partially sunken glandular dots; venation pinnate, with up to six or eight lateral veins each side, spreading at 45
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<normalizedToken id="490C3459B80DC8C968AEB49ECF60D634" originalValue="–60º">-60°</normalizedToken>
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angles. Inflorescences with leaves of main axis only somewhat to greatly reduced, with only minute bracteoles on branches. Inflorescence shape broadly corymbiform or cylindrical with rounded to flattened top, with lower heads appearing sessile as result of proliferation by immediately subtending branches forming seriate or scorpioid cymes, branches of inflorescence tomentose with T-shaped hairs. Heads broadly campanulate, 4-14 mm high and wide; involucral bracts mostly persistent, innermost somewhat deciduous, ca. 50-100 in 5-7 series, strongly gradate, 1-8 mm long, 1.0-1.5 mm wide, ovate to oblong, subacute and mucronate to apiculate at tip, innermost acute, tips appressed, margins membraneous and irregularly denticulate distally, often reddish, with dark median keel extending to apex, scarcely thickened and greenish near keel, with numerous small T-shaped hairs except at margins. Receptacle epaleate and tuberculate. Florets 15-ca. 50 in a head; corollas purplish, narrowly funnelform, 4-8 mm long, with sparsely scattered glandular dots, tube slender, 2-3 mm long, throat 1.5-2.5 mm long, lobes 1.0-2.5 mm long, linear-lanceolate, erect, not recurving, sparsely glanduliferous to distinctly or minutely scabridulous outside, without longitudinal internal ducts filling lobe; anther thecae 1-2 mm long, without glandular dots, calcarate and with long tails at base, endothecial cells short usually with 2-3 nodes on transverse walls; apical appendage 0.5-1.0 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, often sharply acute; style base with distinct expanded node; sweeping hairs on style branches and scarcely extending on to upper style shaft, slender and narrowly acute. Achenes 1.5-2.0 mm long when mature, 5-costate, with few to many setulae when young, often glabrous at maturity, often with numerous glandular dots on sides between costae, surface with numerous idioblasts that are not joined in series, with narrowly rhomboid raphids internally; carpopodium stopper-shaped to slightly turbinate, with many series of small thick-walled cells; inner pappus of 25-30 slender capillary bristles, rather flattened outside and barbellate on sides, tips only slightly narrowed, outer pappus of narrow scales 0.5-1.5 mm long. Chromosome numbers n = 10, 18, 20 (
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<bibRefCitation id="2A37513127F2BA109441390045939BFE" author="Mangenot, S" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Cytologie et de Biologie Vegetales" pageId="51" pageNumber="100" pagination="411 - 447" publicationUrl="10.1080/00378941.1962.10838117" refId="B27" refString="Mangenot, S, Mangenot, S, 1962. Enquete sur les nombres chromosomiques dans une collection d'especes tropicales. Revue de Cytologie et de Biologie Vegetales 25: 411 - 447, DOI: 10.1080/00378941.1962.10838117" title="Enquete sur les nombres chromosomiques dans une collection d'especes tropicales." url="10.1080/00378941.1962.10838117" volume="25" year="1962">Mangenot and Mangenot 1962</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CCFD59C8C54B3A44450EF6CB6AC75FD3" author="Bhandari, MM" editor="Loeve, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="107 - 109" refId="B4" refString="Bhandari, MM, Singhvi, DM, 1977. . In: Loeve, A, Ed., IOPB Chromosome number reports. Taxon 26: 107 - 109" volume="26" volumeTitle="IOPB Chromosome number reports." year="1977">Bhandari and Singhvi 1977</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="87B36F735D54CD22762E5367015E53D6" author="Morton, JK" journalOrPublisher="Opera Botanica" pageId="51" pageNumber="100" pagination="159 - 172" refId="B31" refString="Morton, JK, 1993. Chromosome numbers and polyplody in the flora of Cameroon Mountain. Opera Botanica 121: 159 - 172" title="Chromosome numbers and polyplody in the flora of Cameroon Mountain." volume="121" year="1993">Morton 1993</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D1D955133E953F41D801E04CE170558" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">
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<pageBreakToken id="FDA8C5F654F6C098D866C73840140A97" pageId="37" pageNumber="86" start="start">Pollen</pageBreakToken>
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grains ca. 50
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<normalizedToken id="10BADF60F85D203C1DEC72B5D1CD4E3D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter in fluid, type A, sublophate, tricolporate, echinate, with perforated tectum continuous between colpi (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A0EC4BBC9C1530DC911F9B07382ABDA8" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Scanning electron micrographs of Orvibestus cinerascens (Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob. A Polar view showing 3 colpi B Polar view showing 4 colpi C Lateral view showing highly perforated sheet-like layers of exine common in many grains of the sample D Equatorial view (appearing nearly echinolophate) E Lateral / equatorial view showing 2 pores F Fractured grain showing thickened columellae supporting a higher perforate surface G Fractured polar surface (A-G Koekemoer 232)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77491" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">
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19
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<normalizedToken id="9AFC356046F41EE6B205BEE3D4C679FB" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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). The grains may also be somewhat asymmetrical (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="3441B70231F6C0691721F997B98DF21C" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Scanning electron micrographs of Orvibestus cinerascens (Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob. A Polar view showing 3 colpi B Polar view showing 4 colpi C Lateral view showing highly perforated sheet-like layers of exine common in many grains of the sample D Equatorial view (appearing nearly echinolophate) E Lateral / equatorial view showing 2 pores F Fractured grain showing thickened columellae supporting a higher perforate surface G Fractured polar surface (A-G Koekemoer 232)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77491" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">19 A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="EB170E694FA57E60B57F6D520134D11D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="974353" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77491" pageId="37" pageNumber="86" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
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<paragraph id="D8899619502614352347F23F959209EA" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="9AC9BF7D4A5A230BC05B6B812058DD89" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">Figure 19.</emphasis>
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Scanning electron micrographs of
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<taxonomicName id="17F0DCE18927D903049983E61B2DAC5D" genus="Orvibestus" lsidName="Orvibestus cinerascens" pageId="37" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
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<emphasis id="83DFCF552F15658CC8DE62DA6120AB93" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">Orvibestus cinerascens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Sch. Bip. in Schweinf.) H. Rob.
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<emphasis id="CEB8432F2B4E4B619418BDB14517ECE0" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">A</emphasis>
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Polar view showing 3 colpi
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<emphasis id="3E06ADC5E37D41D9027CC1333D00BD47" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">B</emphasis>
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Polar view showing 4 colpi
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<emphasis id="32BF436D3D6626C73F2D9DBBEC1D6F8C" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">C</emphasis>
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Lateral view showing highly perforated sheet-like layers of exine common in many grains of the sample
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<emphasis id="325A4A7DF0CF42CFDB63A3BC619BAA16" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">D</emphasis>
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Equatorial view (appearing nearly echinolophate)
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<emphasis id="D3F0E25642B3B2F2BAB0CF44CA7DDAAA" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">E</emphasis>
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Lateral/equatorial view showing 2 pores
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<emphasis id="3E4335AD3F5B3F946FEA06F809F64F7C" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">F</emphasis>
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Fractured grain showing thickened columellae supporting a higher perforate surface
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<emphasis id="AFDC641ACFAE28DAE8CBBD7B49BEE9CF" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">G</emphasis>
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Fractured polar surface (
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<emphasis id="AAF9E6834E57269C9C1218819E1020EA" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">A-G</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="15534B4E8183B544485C2DF7DD595B6C" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="86">Koekemoer 232</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="D8DCDB04635E668F43947E7663F5D588" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">
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<pageBreakToken id="444143E3E52D69B952D123F5AF5E5CA0" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" start="start">Most</pageBreakToken>
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notable secondary metabolites are 5-alkylcomumarins (
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<bibRefCitation id="4768C66B4D7F756B3DB552E66179EF71" author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovic 1990</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="6350C9CDA6215A0C17F6EBF851E4F1B1" genus="Vernoniia" lsidName="Vernoniia cinarescens" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="cinarescens">
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<emphasis id="7198E57ABD3DDBFECF09832708EC50C8" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">Vernoniia cinarescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Sch. Bip.) and sesquiterpene glaucolides (
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<bibRefCitation id="FD121B6971E8A682B62A31BB60763780" author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovic 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86C915F263D5EB7D01C7B5ACF7B3EC41" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia cistifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cistifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="0A7DE65AC6E159F2B06676F8B9AFC129" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">Vernonia cistifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
O. Hoffm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="347FC2F8BCCF5DA2DD0F6F768BBD7D32" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">
|
||
The genus is almost alone in the eastern hemisphere in its seriate cymes, often referred to as scorpioid cymes. Such inflorescences are common in the western hemisphere
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D37E6D170823893D8155B74747A874CE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Vernonieae">Vernonieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, occurring in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9FA9D21D15A6565186FA633D2864E68" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia" order="Asterales" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F00E79F7AA12D69CF962741BFC7312CB" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="87">Vernonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
itself.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |