261 lines
30 KiB
XML
261 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="DC5D444F50FB2C47F81CDD28F047D52F" ID-DOI="10.26107/RBZ-2023-0034" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10271221" ID-ZooBank="A7A9BDF3-5DCF-446F-A985-F31CD9297BC5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1701819135422" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lee, John X. Q., Soh, Zestin W. W., Chui, Shao Xiong, Leong, Andrea Q. E., Ong, Christabel N. Y. & Ascher, John S." docDate="2023" docId="60113C63FF84CC69FF57FB92FA38971C" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.71.457-477.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 71" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AF09A0581917EACD12E7F0991C3E7C26.5:RafflesBZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="AF09A0581917EACD12E7F0991C3E7C26" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Vespa multimaculata Perez 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="468" masterDocId="9C28441BFF8FCC62FFA2FFEDFFB59F0B" masterDocTitle="Hornets (Vespidae: Vespinae) of Singapore: ecology, identification, and national conservation assessment" masterLastPageNumber="477" masterPageNumber="457" pageNumber="468" updateTime="1701819645000" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C77D4A927E085A4DCE7DA1CE7270585D">
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<mods:title id="1759AC55E507640F891F9F8FAE337F9E">Hornets (Vespidae: Vespinae) of Singapore: ecology, identification, and national conservation assessment</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="435147174D4A661531CC65C37BE1C35A">Lee, John X. Q.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AA83DD82DA3A875F6A5B0C89D7136A33">Soh, Zestin W. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="796CB234ACC7B5F0A148B6195A5C904F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="02EF6C188F064D0584F37251A38F640B">Chui, Shao Xiong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="099E86474575C538736C171EA8B9539E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="808585630F31C51253F2874AE91DFB8B">Leong, Andrea Q. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="522957D7F86270E8350A96E0B875BD30">Ong, Christabel N. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C7B6A8A78D38ACB25567D6347134AB51">Ascher, John S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="ECD008B85A07077741F9CF363B828E40">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A10143A2311913C7AECFB798E8C93F2B">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="559A0639210417EF5E195302CC2D8A85">
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<mods:date id="445E626AD46325785DBF26111E7800B5">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="05D6600A350762163DC68308F26EB6EE">2023-08-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="23AC3D1416CBA2D55DBD8B55DA930EF0">71</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D2E462DAB6BDC688B2D25BB609FD1475" type="DOI">10.26107/RBZ-2023-0034</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8848238F490BFAA0CFE79A23D45712CA" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5462B7CF6A64E05BD671378294D1706F" type="Zenodo-Dep">10271221</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="60113C63FF84CC69FF57FB92FA38971C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60113C63FF84CC69FF57FB92FA38971C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60113C63FF84CC69FF57FB92FA38971C" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">
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<subSubSection id="A0A2DEFEFF84CC69FF57FB92FD989BBC" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E8078D75FF84CC69FF57FB92FD989BBC" blockId="11.[245,621,1150,1239]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">
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<heading id="B34F3A19FF84CC69FF57FB92FD989BBC" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FF57FB92FD989BBC" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">
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<taxonomicName id="2FB8F6F6FF84CC69FF57FB92FDD89B9D" ID-CoL="5B9XH" authority="Perez, 1910" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1910" box="[245,621,1150,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multimaculata">
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<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FF57FB92FE559B9D" bold="true" box="[245,480,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Vespa multimaculata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FE4BFB93FDD89B9D" author="Perez J" box="[489,621,1150,1174]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref19954" refString="Perez J (1910) Les Vespides. Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux, 64: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1910">Pérez, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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Many-banded Hornet
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A0A2DEFEFF84CC69FE23FB53FE559BDC" box="[385,480,1214,1239]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E8078D75FF84CC69FE23FB53FE559BDC" blockId="11.[245,621,1150,1239]" box="[385,480,1214,1239]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">
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(
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<figureCitation id="708391F0FF84CC69FE2BFB53FE6D9BDC" box="[393,472,1214,1239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[135,170,701,723]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,191,686]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[132,1476,187,689]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 10. Vespa multimaculata feeding on inflorescences of a palm (Arecaceae) in Selangor, Malaysia in September 2022. (Photographs: Mike Hooper)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10271249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10271249/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A0A2DEFEFF84CC69FFD3FB13FEE299E1" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="E8078D75FF84CC69FFD3FB13FD3F9A62" blockId="11.[113,753,1277,1645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">
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<taxonomicName id="2FB8F6F6FF84CC69FFD3FB13FE219A18" ID-CoL="5B9QV" authority="Smith, 1858" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1858" box="[113,404,1277,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulata">
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<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FFD3FB13FEB89A19" box="[113,269,1277,1299]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Vespa annulata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FEB4FB10FE219A18" author="Smith F" box="[278,404,1277,1299]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="42 - 130" refId="ref20377" refString="Smith F (1858) Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 2 (6 - 7): 42 - 130, pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1858">Smith, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Journal of the proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology. 2(6):116, female - [
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FD2AFAF7FD5F9A3B" box="[648,746,1306,1328]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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] “Borneo (
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FF5DFADAFEEF9A46" box="[255,346,1335,1357]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
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)
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FEC9FADAFE729A46" box="[363,455,1335,1357]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Malacca</collectingCountry>
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.” (
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<typeStatus id="370333D7FF84CC69FE46FADAFDF19A46" box="[484,580,1335,1357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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Oxford). Junior primary homonym of
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<taxonomicName id="2FB8F6F6FF84CC69FED2FAB9FD339A62" ID-CoL="5B9QV" authority="Rossi, 1790" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1790" box="[368,646,1363,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulata">
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<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FED2FAB9FDB29A63" box="[368,519,1363,1385]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Vespa annulata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FDADFABEFD339A62" author="Rossi P" box="[527,646,1363,1385]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref20043" refString="Rossi P (1790) Fauna Etrusca: sistens insecta quae in provinciis Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit Petrus Rossius. Vol. 2. Typis Thomae Masi & Sociorum, Liburni, 1 - 348 pp., Tab. I - X." type="book chapter" year="1790">Rossi, 1790</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E8078D75FF84CC69FFD3FA9CFE629AD6" blockId="11.[113,753,1277,1645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">
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<taxonomicName id="2FB8F6F6FF84CC69FFD3FA9CFE009A8E" ID-CoL="5B9XH" authority="Perez, 1910" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1910" box="[113,437,1392,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multimaculata">
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<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FFD3FA9CFE899A8E" box="[113,316,1392,1414]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Vespa multimaculata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FEE3FA9DFE009A8E" author="Perez J" box="[321,437,1392,1413]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref19954" refString="Perez J (1910) Les Vespides. Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux, 64: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1910">Pérez, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Actes de la Société linnéenne de Bordeaux 64:14, female - «
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FE3FFA60FE559AA8" box="[413,480,1421,1443]" name="Brunei" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Brunei</collectingCountry>
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(Java)» [Borneo] (
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<typeStatus id="370333D7FF84CC69FD34FA60FD459AA8" box="[662,752,1421,1443]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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Paris). -
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<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FF50FA47FE719ACB" author="van der Vecht J" box="[242,452,1450,1472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref20758" refString="van der Vecht J (1957) The Vespidae of the Indo-Malayan and Papuan areas. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 34: 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1957">van der Vecht, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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, Zoologische Verhandelingen 34:44 (designation of
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<typeStatus id="370333D7FF84CC69FED2FA2AFE789AD6" box="[368,461,1479,1501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E8078D75FF84CC69FFD3FA09FEEF9967" blockId="11.[113,753,1277,1645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">
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<taxonomicName id="2FB8F6F6FF84CC69FFD3FA09FDC69AF2" ID-CoL="5LR6P" authority="van der Vecht, 1957" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityYear="1957" box="[113,627,1507,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="multimaculata" subSpecies="pendleburyi">
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<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FFD3FA09FE1A9AF3" box="[113,431,1507,1529]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Vespa multimaculata pendleburyi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FE16FA09FDC69AF2" author="van der Vecht J" box="[436,627,1507,1529]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref20758" refString="van der Vecht J (1957) The Vespidae of the Indo-Malayan and Papuan areas. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 34: 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1957">van der Vecht, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Zoologische Verhandelingen 34:43, 44, female, male - “Catchment Area near Jitra,
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<collectingRegion id="2A7C4397FF84CC69FF5DF9F0FEF59938" box="[255,320,1565,1587]" country="Malaysia" name="Kedah" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Kedah</collectingRegion>
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, N. Malaya” (
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<typeStatus id="370333D7FF84CC69FE69F9F0FD949938" box="[459,545,1565,1587]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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female Leiden); also from elsewhere in Peninsular
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<materialsCitation id="58D08728FF84CC69FE1CF9D7FEE39967" country="Malaysia" location="Sumatra" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sumatera Utara">
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FE1CF9D7FDAC995B" box="[446,537,1594,1616]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FD86F9D7FDC9995B" box="[548,636,1594,1616]" name="Thailand" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FD2AF9D7FD59995B" box="[648,748,1594,1616]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FF35F9BAFF4D9966" box="[151,248,1623,1645]" name="Indonesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="2A7C4397FF84CC69FEA1F9BAFEE39967" box="[259,342,1623,1644]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E8078D75FF84CC69FFD3F97CFEE299E1" blockId="11.[113,753,1681,1994]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">
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<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FFD3F97CFEEF99A2" bold="true" box="[113,346,1681,1705]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Global distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FEC7F97FFE0799A1" box="[357,434,1682,1706]" name="Brunei" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Brunei</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FE62F97FFE4D99A2" box="[448,504,1682,1705]" name="Laos" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Laos</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FDA5F97FFDDF99A1" box="[519,618,1682,1706]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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(Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FFD0F95FFF6199C1" box="[114,212,1714,1738]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="2A7C4397FF84CC69FF7EF95FFEAB99C1" box="[220,286,1714,1738]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Sabah</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FE85F95FFE3099C1" box="[295,389,1714,1738]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
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);
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FE37F95FFE4099C1" box="[405,501,1714,1738]" name="Thailand" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FE5CF95FFDD699C1" box="[510,611,1714,1738]" name="Indonesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="2A7C4397FF84CC69FDCDF95FFD5899C1" box="[623,749,1714,1738]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Utara" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="2A7C4397FF84CC69FFD3F93FFF7A99E1" box="[113,207,1746,1770]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
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);
|
|
<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FF41F93FFEE699E1" box="[227,339,1746,1770]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="A0A2DEFEFF84CC69FFD3F91CFE9998C1" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" type="diagnosis">
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|
<paragraph id="E8078D75FF84CC69FFD3F91CFE9998C1" blockId="11.[113,753,1681,1994]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">
|
|
<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FFD3F91CFF539802" bold="true" box="[113,230,1777,1801]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
|
This smallest of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2FB8F6F6FF84CC69FE68F91FFDD59801" box="[458,608,1778,1802]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">
|
|
<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FE68F91FFDBE9802" box="[458,523,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Vespa</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FD26F91FFD459801" box="[644,752,1778,1802]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
|
is visually distinctive. Workers average
|
|
<quantity id="2F402090FF84CC69FD8DF8FFFD359822" box="[559,640,1810,1834]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
|
, males
|
|
<quantity id="2F402090FF84CC69FD74F8FFFF2F9842" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
|
and queens
|
|
<quantity id="2F402090FF84CC69FE84F8DFFEC69842" box="[294,371,1842,1866]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
|
in total body length. It is the only species with a black marking on a yellow clypeus, mostly yellow legs, two yellow spots on a black scutellum, and with a yellow band on the apical margin of each gastral tergum (
|
|
<figureCitation id="708391F0FF84CC69FF6CF85FFE9598C1" box="[206,288,1970,1994]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[135,170,701,723]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,191,686]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[132,1476,187,689]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 10. Vespa multimaculata feeding on inflorescences of a palm (Arecaceae) in Selangor, Malaysia in September 2022. (Photographs: Mike Hooper)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10271249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10271249/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="A0A2DEFEFF84CC69FC8FFB92FA38971C" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="E8078D75FF84CC69FC8FFB92FA38971C" blockId="11.[812,1452,1151,2071]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">
|
|
<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FC8FFB92FC2E9B9C" bold="true" box="[813,923,1151,1175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
This forest-associated species was last recorded from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FCC5FB72FBAE9BBC" box="[871,1051,1183,1207]" name="Singapore Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Singapore Island</collectingCountry>
|
|
(as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2FB8F6F6FF84CC69FBE5FB4DFB769BBC" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1790" box="[1095,1219,1183,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
|
<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FBE5FB4DFB769BBC" box="[1095,1219,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">V. annulata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FB56FB72FACB9BBC" author="Dover C" box="[1268,1406,1183,1207]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="43 - 70" refId="ref18843" refString="Dover C (1929) Wasps and bees in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 2: 43 - 70." type="journal article" year="1929">Dover (1929</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; see also
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FCFFFB52FB819BDC" author="van der Vecht J" box="[861,1076,1215,1239]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref20758" refString="van der Vecht J (1957) The Vespidae of the Indo-Malayan and Papuan areas. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 34: 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1957">van der Vecht, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FB9DFB52FB799BDC" author="Archer ME" box="[1087,1228,1215,1239]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" refId="ref18196" refString="Archer ME (2012) Vespine Wasps of the World: Behaviour, Ecology & Taxonomy of the Vespinae. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, United Kingdom, 352 pp." type="book" year="2012">Archer, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It is presumed to be nationally extinct (see below) as it was not recorded during surveys for aculeate
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2FB8F6F6FF84CC69FBADFB12FB159A1C" box="[1039,1184,1279,1303]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
in likely habitats by the authors from 2006 until the date of publication. Targeted efforts to collect and document the species within the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FB97FAB2FB719A7C" author="Leong AQE" box="[1077,1220,1375,1399]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" refId="ref19414" refString="Leong AQE (2018) Faunal turnover in Vespidae wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) of Singapore. Undergraduate Research Opportunities in Science, Project Report. National University of Singapore, Singapore. iii + 25 pp." type="book" year="2018">Leong, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FB73FAB2FA119A7C" author="Ascher JS & Soh ZWW & Ho BM & Lee RYY & Leong AQ & Chui SX & Lai JJL & Lee JXQ & Foo MS & Soh EJY" box="[1233,1444,1375,1399]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="245 - 271" refId="ref18228" refString="Ascher JS, Soh ZWW, Ho BM, Lee RYY, Leong AQ, Chui SX, Lai JJL, Lee JXQ, Foo MS & Soh EJY (2019) Bees of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve and vicinity. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 71 (Supplement 1): 245 - 271." type="journal article" year="2019">Ascher et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) through baiting and hand netting also proved unsuccessful, although we have located the species recently on short visits to Peninsular
|
|
<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FC6AFA52FB9B9ADC" box="[968,1070,1471,1495]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FB9EFA52FB629ADC" author="Martin SJ" box="[1084,1239,1471,1495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="71 - 82" refId="ref19548" refString="Martin SJ (1995) Hornets (Hymenoptera: Vespinae) of Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal, 49: 71 - 82." type="journal article" year="1995">Martin (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
describes this as a fast and agile species with a flight pattern over the forest floor resembling that of a bluebottle fly; thus, it might still be overlooked during forest surveys.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FB1FF9F2FA19993C" author="Koeniger N & Koeniger G & Gries M & Tingek S & Kelitu A" box="[1213,1452,1567,1591]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="341 - 352" refId="ref19117" refString="Koeniger N, Koeniger G, Gries M, Tingek S & Kelitu A (1996) Observations on colony defense of Apis nuluensis Tingek, Koeniger and Koeniger, 1996 and predatory behavior of the hornet, Vespa multimaculata Perez, 1910. Apidologie, 27 (5): 341 - 352." type="journal article" year="1996">Koeniger et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described the hunting behaviour of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2FB8F6F6FF84CC69FB0CF9ADFAD2995C" box="[1198,1383,1599,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multimaculata">
|
|
<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FB0CF9ADFAD2995C" box="[1198,1383,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">V. multimaculata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
at the nest of the honey bee
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2FB8F6F6FF84CC69FB8EF9B2FB78997C" authorityName="Tingek, Koeniger & Koeniger" authorityYear="1996" box="[1068,1229,1631,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuluensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FB8EF9B2FB78997C" box="[1068,1229,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Apis nuluensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="2A7C4397FF84CC69FB54F9B2FA8E997C" box="[1270,1339,1631,1655]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
|
, in which individual wasps hovered in front of the nest entrance and attempted to intercept returning bees, a behaviour also known in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2FB8F6F6FF84CC69FCEBF92DFB6A99DC" authority="(Chauzat & Martin, 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Chauzat & Martin" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[841,1247,1727,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutina">
|
|
<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FCEBF92DFC0B99DC" box="[841,958,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">V. velutina</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FC6FF952FB6D99DC" author="Chauzat MP & Martin S" box="[973,1240,1727,1751]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="86 - 91" refId="ref18698" refString="Chauzat MP & Martin S (2009). A foreigner in France: The Asian hornet. Biologist, 56: 86 - 91." type="journal article" year="2009">Chauzat & Martin, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2FB8F6F6FF84CC69FAB7F92DFC6499FC" authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
|
<emphasis id="DACC5167FF84CC69FAB7F92DFA1E99DC" box="[1301,1451,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Vespa bicolor</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FC8FF932FC6499FC" author="Fabricius JC" box="[813,977,1759,1783]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" refId="ref18946" refString="Fabricius JC (1787) Mantissa insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus [u appears as " v " in original]. Tom. I. C. G. Proft, Hafniae, xx + 348 pp." type="book" year="1787">Fabricius, 1787</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FC7DF932FB2399FC" author="Sung I & Lu SS & Chao JT & Yeh WC & Lee WJ" box="[991,1174,1759,1783]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="231" refId="ref20677" refString="Sung I, Lu SS, Chao JT, Yeh WC & Lee WJ (2014) Establishment of Vespa bicolor in Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Journal of Insect Science, 14 (1): 231." type="journal article" year="2014">Sung et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; pers. obs.). It is known to nest under logs (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FC75F912FB50981C" author="Nakane M & Yamane S" box="[983,1253,1791,1815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="305 - 308" refId="ref19793" refString="Nakane M & Yamane S (1990) A new species of the genus Metoecus Gerstaecker (Coleoptera, Rhipiphoridae) from West Sumatra, Indonesia. South Pacific Study, 10 (2): 305 - 308." type="journal article" year="1990">Nakane & Yamane, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and underground, often under the roots of trees, with nests reaching diameters of
|
|
<quantity id="2F402090FF84CC69FCEFF8D2FC0D985D" box="[845,952,1855,1879]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20-30 cm</quantity>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FC6BF8D2FBD5985C" author="Martin SJ" box="[969,1120,1855,1879]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="71 - 82" refId="ref19548" refString="Martin SJ (1995) Hornets (Hymenoptera: Vespinae) of Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal, 49: 71 - 82." type="journal article" year="1995">Martin, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). A nest collected in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="2A7C4397FF84CC69FAF7F8D2FA12985C" box="[1365,1447,1855,1879]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Pahang</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="90AFCDE5FF84CC69FC8FF8B2FC3B987C" box="[813,910,1887,1911]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="468">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
|
was described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C29F084FF84CC69FBEFF8B2FB53987C" author="Archer ME" box="[1101,1254,1887,1911]" pageId="11" pageNumber="468" pagination="561 - 567" refId="ref18161" refString="Archer ME (2011) Analysis of a nest of Vespa multimaculata Perez, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Malayan Nature Journal 2011, 63 (3): 561 - 567." type="journal article" year="2011">Archer (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. A recent record in 2022 submitted to iNaturalist from Jambi in Sumatra (https:// www.inaturalist.org/observations/108640469) demonstrates persistence there, but lack of records elsewhere of this readily identifiable species suggest that it may be scarce or elusive, potentially due to a preference for higher quality forest.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |