treatments-xml/data/5F/3F/87/5F3F87D3FFC8FFB7FF04FE2443F219FD.xml

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<mods:title id="FC01FAF1D1899E6782E9CD7636465754">A review of the cellar spider genus Psilochorus Simon 1893 in America north of Mexico (Araneae: Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="9F8C654EFFC8FFB1FF04FE2442CD1EC1" box="[151,454,453,479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFC8FFB1FF04FE2442CD1EC1" blockId="2.[151,454,453,479]" box="[151,454,453,479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="8C6181A9FFC8FFB1FF04FE2442CD1EC1" bold="true" box="[151,454,453,479]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FF04FE2442CD1EC1" ID-CoL="7485" ID-ENA="280430" authority="Simon, 1893" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,454,453,479]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FF04FE2442CD1EC1" bold="true" box="[151,454,453,479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FF04FE24422D1EC1" bold="true" box="[151,294,453,479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Psilochorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFC8FFB1FEBEFE2442CD1EC1" author="Simon" box="[301,454,453,479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Simon, E. (1893) Histoire naturelle das araignees. 1 (2). Roret, Paris, 257 - 488." type="journal article" year="1893">Simon, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9F8C654EFFC8FFB1FF04FDEF408A1C0E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFC8FFB1FF04FDEF408A1C0E" blockId="2.[151,1437,526,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FF04FDEF421C1D36" bold="true" box="[151,279,526,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small pholcids (total length 
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), generally with long legs (femur I about 3– 
<date id="A3281005FFC8FFB1FA9BFDEF461D1D36" box="[1288,1302,526,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6</date>
x carapace length), globular abdomen, eight eyes, not on turret, carapace with thoracic grove; distinguished from other American genera by the combination of the following characters; a single cheliceral spur (lacking in 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FF04FD6341741D82" authority="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" box="[151,639,642,668]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FF04FD63429E1D85" box="[151,405,642,667]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Psilochorus acanthus</emphasis>
Chamberlin &amp; Ivie
</taxonomicName>
), the presence of a pointed and upward projecting apophysis on the distal end of the male palpal femur, and the longer than wide procursus. It is easily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FF04FD3142211DF7" box="[151,298,720,745]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FF04FD3142211DF7" box="[151,298,720,745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Physocyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which shares geographical distribution, but has a massive and complex procursus, larger body size and chelicerae with several to many cones instead of spurs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9F8C654EFFC8FFB1FF55FCFC42961BFE" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFC8FFB1FF55FCFC42961BFE" blockId="2.[151,1437,526,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FF55FCFC42551C29" bold="true" box="[198,350,797,823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</emphasis>
Small spiders, total length of 
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. Eyes eight, ALE and posterior eyes forming triads, AME smaller and located mesally between triads. Carapace ochre-yellow to red-brown. Deep Y indentation formed from cervical groove extending anteriorly around the lateral edges of the eye triads, often darkly shaded (Fig. 1). Sternum slightly darker than carapace. Male clypeus projecting anteriorly, unmodified. Chelicerae slightly darker than sternum, with prominent pro-marginal tooth and no stridulatory files. Male chelicerae with spur located anteriorly (Fig. 2). Palp femur not swollen, with pointed and upward projecting apophysis (pup) (Fig. 3). Procursus longer than wide, ending variably. Legs thin, tibia I length/diameter: 28–60, same color as carapace. Legs with setae scattered or patterned often with darker rings on each leg segment distally, dorsal trichobothrium (DT) at 5%–15%, retrolateral trichobothrium (RT) at 7%–25% (Fig. 4). Tarsi pseudosegmented (leg I with 14–27 segments) with three claws. Abdomen gray to blue, globular with 3–6 paired dark marks dorsally. Venter with scattered dark spots. Female with 2–3 epigynal plates varying in their shape.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9F8C654EFFC8FFB0FF55FB0C415B1E6D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFC8FFB1FF55FB0C420119E0" blockId="2.[151,1437,526,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FF55FB0C425F1A19" bold="true" box="[198,340,1261,1287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FEF3FB0C42E71A18" box="[352,492,1261,1286]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FEF3FB0C42E71A18" box="[352,492,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Psilochorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has historically been a very vaguely defined genus, leaving it open to many additions that may not belong in the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFC8FFB1FD32FAF5403E1A30" author="Huber" box="[673,821,1300,1326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Huber, B. A. (1998) Genital mechanics in some neotropical pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae), with implications for systematics. Journal of Zoology, London, 244, 587 - 599." type="journal article" year="1998">Huber 1998</bibRefCitation>
). All of the species in this paper closely conform to the generic 
<typeStatus id="082D8867FFC8FFB1FEBBFADB426B1A4A" box="[296,352,1338,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
, 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FEFEFADA402A1A4A" authority="Hentz, 1850" authorityName="Hentz" authorityYear="1850" box="[365,801,1338,1364]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullulus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FEFEFADA41611A4A" box="[365,618,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Psilochorus pullulus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFC8FFB1FDE8FADB401C1A4A" author="Hentz" box="[635,791,1338,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Hentz, N. M. (1850) Descriptions and figures of the Araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of Natural History, 6, 18 - 35, 271 - 295." type="journal article" year="1850">Hentz, 1850</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, therefore leaving little question to their taxonomic position. The pup apophysis is found in all North American species, as well as in all known Mexican and Brazilian species. It is interesting to note that the pup apophysis was neglected in both Chamberlin’s illustrations for 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FECCFA4E40981AD6" authority="Chamberlin (Chamberlin 1919)" authorityName="Chamberlin (Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[351,915,1454,1480]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiae">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FECCFA4E410E1AD6" box="[351,517,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. californiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFC8FFB1FD9DFA4F40981AD6" box="[526,915,1454,1480]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) New Californian spiders. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, 12, 1 - 17." type="journal article">Chamberlin (Chamberlin 1919)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and Simon's for 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FBF4FA4E46961AD6" authority="Simon 1893" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[1127,1437,1454,1480]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullulus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FBF4FA4E47E21AD6" box="[1127,1257,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. pullulus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFC8FFB1FB68FA4F469F1AD6" author="Simon" box="[1275,1428,1454,1480]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Simon, E. (1893) Histoire naturelle das araignees. 1 (2). Roret, Paris, 257 - 488." type="journal article" year="1893">Simon 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
although present in both species. I have chosen to include the pup apophysis (Fig. 3) as a character of 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FF04FA1D422C190B" box="[151,295,1532,1557]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FF04FA1D422C190B" box="[151,295,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Psilochorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it is found in all of the North American species as well as 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FB87FA1D425B1922" authority="Huber, Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2005" authorityName="Huber, Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2005" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itaguyrussu">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FB87FA1D47B4190B" box="[1044,1215,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. itaguyrussu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFC8FFB1FB5BFA1D425B1922" author="Huber" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Huber, B. A., Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2005) Speciation without changes in genital shape: a case study on Brazilian pholcid spiders (Araneae; Pholcidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 243, 273 - 279." type="journal article" year="2005">Huber, Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FE1BF9C240DB1922" authority="Huber, Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2005" authorityName="Huber, Rheims &amp; Brescovit" authorityYear="2005" box="[392,976,1570,1596]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ybytyriguara">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FE1BF9C241301922" box="[392,571,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. ybytyriguara</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFC8FFB1FDD1F9C340DB1922" author="Huber" box="[578,976,1570,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Huber, B. A., Rheims, C. A. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2005) Speciation without changes in genital shape: a case study on Brazilian pholcid spiders (Araneae; Pholcidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 243, 273 - 279." type="journal article" year="2005">Huber, Rheims &amp; Brescovit, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from South 
<collectingCountry id="AF817655FFC8FFB1FBF2F9C347C11922" box="[1121,1226,1570,1596]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">America</collectingCountry>
. It is not certain if any of the remaining South American species have the pup apophysis as they have been declared 
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FAA9F9A843D91997" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">incertae sedis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFC8FFB1FF72F991427A1994" author="Huber" box="[225,369,1648,1674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae; Pholcidae): A revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348." type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
) and were not examined for this paper. The cheliceral spur of the males is also found in all species except for 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FEEBF976410819AE" box="[376,515,1687,1712]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FEEBF976410819AE" box="[376,515,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although 
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFC8FFB1FD1EF977403A19AE" author="Huber" box="[653,817,1686,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Huber, B. A. (1994) Genital morphology, copulatory mechanism and reproductive biology in Psilochorus simoni (Berland, 1911) (Pholcidae; Araneae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 44, 85 - 99." type="journal article" year="1994">Huber (1994)</bibRefCitation>
makes note of an enlarged femur III in males of 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FA15F97642A619C9" authority="Berland, 1911" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1911" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FA15F97643EC19C8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. simoni</emphasis>
(Berland, 1911)
</taxonomicName>
it has only been seen as an occasional occurrence in other North American species looked at.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFC8FFB0FF55F8EB415B1E6D" blockId="2.[151,1437,526,2022]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,371]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FF55F8EB417C183A" bold="true" box="[198,631,1802,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Natural history and reproduction.</emphasis>
Species of 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FC94F8EA4098183A" box="[775,915,1803,1828]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FC94F8EA4098183A" box="[775,915,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Psilochorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been collected commonly underneath rocks and logs in dry, xeric landscapes; the exception to this is 
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FC04F8D047161854" box="[919,1053,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. h e s p e r u s</emphasis>
Gertsch and Ivie of the Pacific Northwest and 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FEDAF8B942CF186F" box="[329,452,1880,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullulus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FEDAF8B942CF186F" box="[329,452,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. pullulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the south east which seem to be found in more humid environments. 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FA83F8B942EC1886" authority="Gertsch and Mulaik" authorityName="Gertsch and Mulaik" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitatus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FA83F8B943FD1886" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Psilochorus imitatus</emphasis>
Gertsch and Mulaik
</taxonomicName>
will make small messy webs underneath rocks, logs, and overhangs and appears to catch mainly small resting flies and collembola (Slowik pers. obs.). 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FC59F844474F18A0" box="[970,1092,1957,1982]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitatus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FC59F844474F18A0" box="[970,1092,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. imitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been observed using a 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC8FFB1FF3FF82D421918FB" box="[172,274,1996,2021]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Steatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC8FFB1FF3FF82D421918FB" box="[172,274,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Steatoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. web after the maker left; this allowed the spider to catch small crickets and larger flies which were not being caught in a known 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FDABFF7941BD1FAF" box="[568,694,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitatus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FDABFF7941BD1FAF" box="[568,694,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. imitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
web. In this case it is not known if 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FBF4FF7947EE1FAF" box="[1127,1253,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitatus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FBF4FF7947EE1FAF" box="[1127,1253,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. imitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
killed the prey caught in the 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FEABFF5E42961FC6" box="[312,413,191,216]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Steatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FEABFF5E42961FC6" box="[312,413,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Steatoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
web or if the animals expired naturally; however, 
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FC60FF5E47671FC6" box="[1011,1132,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. i m i t a t u s</emphasis>
was observed feeding on the larger prey (Slowik pers. obs.). Many species of 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FD69FF04408D1FE0" box="[762,902,229,254]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FD69FF04408D1FE0" box="[762,902,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Psilochorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known to be synanthropic. An interesting example is 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FE8CFEED41081E3B" box="[287,515,268,293]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FE8CFEED41081E3B" box="[287,515,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Psilochorus simoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has been collected from non-synanthropic environments in the 
<collectingCountry id="AF817655FFC9FFB0FADFFEED43D61E52" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">United States</collectingCountry>
but is only collected from syanthropic environments in Europe, life history and natural history of the species is discussed by 
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFC9FFB0FE39FEB841471E6D" author="Huber" box="[426,588,345,371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Huber, B. A. (1994) Genital morphology, copulatory mechanism and reproductive biology in Psilochorus simoni (Berland, 1911) (Pholcidae; Araneae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 44, 85 - 99." type="journal article" year="1994">Huber (1994)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9F8C654EFFC9FFB7FF04F9E943F219FD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFC9FFB0FF04F9E942B2197B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1544,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FF04F9E94205193E" bold="true" box="[151,270,1544,1568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">PLATE 1.</emphasis>
Figure 1. 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FE11F9E84197193E" box="[386,668,1545,1568]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FE11F9E84197193E" box="[386,668,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Psilochorus coloradensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FED157ACFFC9FFB0FD36F9E84025193E" box="[677,814,1545,1568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female 
<typeStatus id="082D8867FFC9FFB0FC1EF9E840E6193E" box="[909,1005,1545,1568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
dorsal view. Figures 2–4. 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FA84F9E842DB195D" authority="Gertsch and Mulaik" authorityName="Gertsch and Mulaik" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitatus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FA84F9E843E5195D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Psilochorus imitatus</emphasis>
Gertsch and Mulaik
</taxonomicName>
, 2. Male lateral view. 3. Lateral view of palp showing pup apophysis. 4. Tibia 1 showing placement of trichobothria.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFC9FFB0FF55F972466F188B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1683,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Elevation may be helpful in identifying some like species. In the southwest, both 
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FBECF975460C19B3" box="[1151,1287,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. u t a h e n s i s</emphasis>
Chamberlin and 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FF5AF95B424F19CD" box="[201,324,1722,1747]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitatus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FF5AF95B424F19CD" box="[201,324,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. imitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will occur in close proximity but not in the same locale. The females of these two species are very similar and may be confused. In the southwest, 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FC9FF900409219E4" box="[780,921,1761,1786]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="utahensis">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FC9FF900409219E4" box="[780,921,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. utahensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not found above 
<quantity id="106E9B20FFC9FFB0FB14F90047EB19E5" box="[1159,1248,1761,1787]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3716" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="ft" value="4500.0">4500 ft</quantity>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FA8CF900469019E4" box="[1311,1435,1761,1786]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitatus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FA8CF900469019E4" box="[1311,1435,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. imitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not below 
<quantity id="106E9B20FFC9FFB0FE87F8E94267183C" box="[276,364,1800,1826]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3716" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="ft" value="4500.0">4500 ft</quantity>
. The cause of this distribution pattern is unknown as 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FC71F8E94755183F" box="[994,1118,1800,1825]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitatus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FC71F8E94755183F" box="[994,1118,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. imitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found east of the Rocky Mountains in Nebraska down to 
<quantity id="106E9B20FFC9FFB0FDB0F8CF41761856" box="[547,637,1838,1864]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="ft" value="2500.0">2500 ft</quantity>
. The only eastern species, 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FC52F8CE474A1856" box="[961,1089,1839,1864]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullulus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FC52F8CE474A1856" box="[961,1089,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. pullulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is found up to elevations of 
<quantity id="106E9B20FFC9FFB0FF04F8B443E01871" box="[151,235,1877,1903]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8768" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="ft" value="1600.0">1600 ft</quantity>
in Oklahoma. Again elevation may be helpful as females of 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FC25F8B447391870" box="[950,1074,1877,1902]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullulus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FC25F8B447391870" box="[950,1074,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. pullulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FBF8F8B447E81870" box="[1131,1251,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. i m i t a t u s</emphasis>
are similar and may be confused. The habitat factors limiting 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FD20F89D4034188B" box="[691,831,1916,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FD20F89D4034188B" box="[691,831,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Psilochorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species elevational distributions are unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFC9FFB0FF55F843469618FD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1683,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Specimen locality maps are given for all species included in this paper as well as the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFC9FFB0FF04F828422118FC" box="[151,298,1993,2018]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFC9FFB0FF04F828422118FC" box="[151,298,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Psilochorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in North 
<collectingCountry id="AF817655FFC9FFB0FE30F828410718FD" box="[419,524,1993,2019]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">America</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="4FAD2A40FFC9FFB0FD8DF828418118FD" box="[542,650,1993,2019]" captionStart="FIGURE 187" captionStartId="45.[151,255,2004,2028]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,1263,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[279,1308,1263,1982]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 187. Specimen localities of Psliochorus specimens examined." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188627/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 187</figureCitation>
). These maps represent the known distributions for the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFCEFFB7FF04FF7942281FE1" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Specimens having been found well outside of the expected range for a species (
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FBFEFF7947E01FAF" box="[1133,1259,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acantus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FBFEFF7947E01FAF" box="[1133,1259,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. acantus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in New 
<collectingCountry id="AF817655FFCEFFB7FF04FF5F43FF1FC6" box="[151,244,190,216]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FF6CFF5E410F1FC6" authority="Gertsch" authorityName="Gertsch" box="[255,516,190,216]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rockefelleri">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FF6CFF5E42A91FC6" box="[255,418,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. rockefelleri</emphasis>
Gertsch
</taxonomicName>
found in British 
<collectingCountry id="AF817655FFCEFFB7FD58FF5F40341FC6" box="[715,831,190,216]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Columbia</collectingCountry>
and 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FCE4FF5E471F1FC6" box="[887,1044,191,216]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiae">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FCE4FF5E471F1FC6" box="[887,1044,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. californiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in Idaho) were most likely transported.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFCEFFB7FF55FEED40981DD1" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Reproduction of the genus was studied by 
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFCEFFB7FD74FEED40801E38" author="Huber" box="[743,907,268,294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Huber, B. A. (1994) Genital morphology, copulatory mechanism and reproductive biology in Psilochorus simoni (Berland, 1911) (Pholcidae; Araneae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 44, 85 - 99." type="journal article" year="1994">Huber (1994)</bibRefCitation>
using 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FC74FEED47C41E3B" box="[999,1231,268,293]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FC74FEED47C41E3B" box="[999,1231,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Psilochorus simoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is the only extensive copulation study of the genus. It has been suggested that a conformity of the male spur and female epigynum exists in 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FEECFEB841071E6C" box="[383,524,345,370]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FEECFEB841071E6C" box="[383,524,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Psilochorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other Pholcids (
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFCEFFB7FC92FEB840841E6D" author="Kraus" box="[769,911,345,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Kraus, O. (1984) Male spider genitalia: Evolutionary changes in structure and function. Verhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, 27, 373 - 382." type="journal article" year="1984">Kraus 1984</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFCEFFB7FC08FEB847201E6D" author="Huber" box="[923,1067,345,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Huber, B. A. (1994) Genital morphology, copulatory mechanism and reproductive biology in Psilochorus simoni (Berland, 1911) (Pholcidae; Araneae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 44, 85 - 99." type="journal article" year="1994">Huber 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFCEFFB7FBABFEB847A11E6D" author="Uhl" box="[1080,1194,345,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Uhl, G. (1994) Genital morphology and sperm storage in Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775) (Pholcidae; Araneae). Acta Zoologica, Stockholm, 75, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1994">Uhl 1994</bibRefCitation>
, Huber 1995, 
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFCEFFB7FAC0FEB842661E84" author="Huber" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Huber, B. A. &amp; Eberhard, W. G. (1997) Courtship, copulation, and genital mechanics in Physocyclus globosus (Araneae, Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 905 - 918." type="journal article" year="1997">Huber &amp; Eberhard 1997</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFCEFFB7FEE8FE6141051E84" author="Huber" box="[379,526,384,410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Huber, B. A. (2003) Southern African pholcid spiders: revision and cladistic analysis of Quamtana gen. nov. and Spermophora Hentz (Araneae: Pholcidae), with notes on male-female covariation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 139, 477 - 527." type="journal article" year="2003">Huber 2003</bibRefCitation>
, Huber 2005). The copulation position of 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FB81FE6147981E87" box="[1042,1171,384,409]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitatus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FB81FE6147981E87" box="[1042,1171,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. imitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found to be very similar to that of 
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FEF1FE4642C21EDE" box="[354,457,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. s i m o n i</emphasis>
(Slowik pers. obs.). Many females found in North 
<collectingCountry id="AF817655FFCEFFB7FBBBFE4747861EDE" box="[1064,1165,422,448]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">America</collectingCountry>
show modifications of the median epigynal plate and further study into the use of the male spur in regard to these modifications is necessary. In 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FEAAFE1541451D10" authority="Thorell, 1898" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1898" box="[313,590,500,526]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FEAAFE1542AA1D13" box="[313,417,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Belisana</emphasis>
Thorell, 1898
</taxonomicName>
, a Southeast Asian Pholcid genus, it has been found that the cheliceral spurs interaction with the epigynal plate acts to orientate the male for correct copulation (Huber 2005). 
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FF04FDA042AB1D44" box="[151,416,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FF04FDA042901D44" box="[151,411,577,602]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus">Psilochorus acanthus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which lacks a spur, and species such as 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FC1BFDA047221D44" box="[904,1065,577,602]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiae">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FC1BFDA047221D44" box="[904,1065,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. californiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FBF7FDA046001D44" box="[1124,1291,577,602]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rockefelleri">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FBF7FDA046001D44" box="[1124,1291,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. rockefelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which have variable spur shapes, raises the question as to the real necessity of the spur for successful reproduction. Although it appears that spur shape plays a role in copulation it is hypothesized that the diversity of male spur shape is dictated by sexual selection by the female (
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFCEFFB7FD67FD54408D1DD1" author="Huber" box="[756,902,693,719]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Huber, B. A. (1999) Sexual selection in pholcid spiders (Araneae; Pholcidae): artful chelicerae and forceful genitalia. Journal of Arachnology, 27 (1), 135 - 141." type="journal article" year="1999">Huber 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFCEFFB7FF55FD3A41ED1B66" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FF55FD3A42CC1DEB" bold="true" box="[198,455,731,757]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Identification Notes.</emphasis>
Positive identification of 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FC95FD3D40991DEB" box="[774,914,732,757]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FC95FD3D40991DEB" box="[774,914,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Psilochorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens can be difficult as many of the animals are small and easily deformed when examined. For the male specimens, it is easiest to start with the general spur shape, but because of possible spur mutations, it is best to base the identification on the shape of the procursus combined with the bulb apophysis. Females are often more difficult since the differences are more subtle. When manipulated, the abdomens are often squeezed, altering the epigynal plates. Focus should be on the shape of the MEP and PEP and the shape of the apex or ridges and how the two plates come together. As with many other spider families, a confident identification may require duplicate males and females in pairs or from the same locale. The use of the apparent tubes found on the PEP is unknown and therefore they are referred to generally. The PEP of some species have dark marks on the anterior edge, 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FA15FBF043F31B4F" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitatus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FA15FBF043F31B4F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. imitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for example, where the PEP tubes appear to overlap the pore plates when the epigynum is viewed externally, these have been abbreviated as dmPEP.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFCEFFB7FF55FB64461B1A0D" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FF55FB6442F81B81" bold="true" box="[198,499,1157,1183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Specimen locality notes.</emphasis>
The specimens examined information has been provided by either: the DMNS database, in which case the DMNS ZA. number is listed, or directly from the specimen label. DMNS specimens without a ZA. number had not been incorporated into the database at the time of this publication. Other abbreviations used not listed below exist and were taken directly from the specimen's label.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFCEFFB7FF55FAFE40551ACA" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FF55FAFE42741A27" bold="true" box="[198,383,1311,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Abbreviations.</emphasis>
AEP = Anterior epigynal plate; MEP = Median epigynal plate; PEP = Posterior epigynal plate; dmPEP = Dark mark of posterior epigynal plate; ba = Bulb apophysis; DT = Dorsal trichobothrium of tibia I; RT = Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia I, PT = Prolateral trichobothrium of tibia I; ALE = Anterior lateral eyes; AME = Anterior median eyes; pup = Pointed and upward projecting; N P = National Park; S P = State Park; S W A = State Wildlife Area; O S = Open Space.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72936C5FFCEFFB7FF55FA0143F219FD" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FF55FA01428E1AE4" bold="true" box="[198,389,1504,1530]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nomina dubia.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FE01FA00408F1AE5" authority="Keyserling, 1887" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1887" box="[402,900,1505,1531]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FE01FA0041991AE4" box="[402,658,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Psilochorus cornutus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFCEFFB7FD35FA0040701AE5" author="Keyserling" box="[678,891,1505,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Keyserling, E. (1887) Neue Spinnen aus America. VII. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 37, 421 - 490." type="journal article" year="1887">Keyserling, 1887</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; Neither 
<typeStatus id="082D8867FFCEFFB7FC69FA0047261AE5" box="[1018,1069,1505,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
specimen for either the male described by Keysering nor the female described by 
<bibRefCitation id="B3074B34FFCEFFB7FC93F9E940B1193C" author="Emerton" box="[768,954,1544,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" refString="Emerton, J. H. (1902) The common spiders of the United States. Boston, pp. 1 - 225." type="book chapter" year="1902">Emerton (1902)</bibRefCitation>
could be located. Inquiries were made at all institutions listed above as well as the British Museum of Natural History, The Natural History Museum, London, and the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Neither description is sufficient enough to separate specimens of 
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FE3BF99D4127198B" box="[424,556,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. c o r n u t u s</emphasis>
from other North American species. All eastern specimens labeled as 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FA15F99D43F519A2" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FA15F99D43F519A2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined were identified as 
<taxonomicName id="10964D46FFCEFFB7FDC6F94241C419A2" box="[597,719,1699,1724]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullulus">
<emphasis id="E5E2EAD7FFCEFFB7FDC6F94241C419A2" box="[597,719,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. pullulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, without viewing the 
<typeStatus id="082D8867FFCEFFB7FBD1F943477F19A2" box="[1090,1140,1698,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
specimens no synonymy is made.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>