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<document id="9DC4087287B70E799EE5D99CDF351E2E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3904.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02cf9df2-09a2-4e93-aa11-2475cadf3c13" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="235881" ID-ZooBank="6B9035D4-BC24-4D71-9123-36CAB72CC786" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460886514777" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lee, Chi-Feng" docDate="2015" docId="5E31879C8223FFBEFF0BFC0320F3F966" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03904p248.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3904 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paraplotes taiwana" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="224" masterDocId="A208FFE48222FFBFFF9CFFEF2107FFEB" masterDocTitle="The genus Paraplotes Laboissière, 1933 in Taiwan, a speciose group with brachelytrous females (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)" masterLastPageNumber="248" masterPageNumber="223" pageNumber="224" updateTime="1698359057906" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4C81D9B9D1B34C730A943D0B644B04A5">The genus Paraplotes Laboissière, 1933 in Taiwan, a speciose group with brachelytrous females (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D78DAB76B73FCE7AB47C0E3F674D4503">Lee, Chi-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BD5F7604D6AF9B027D22FA4428EC4BAD">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7A56ADA08A9951A2C3DAD4D2C72AC857">3904</mods:number>
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<treatment id="5E31879C8223FFBEFF0BFC0320F3F966" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6108755" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119586543" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6108755" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E31879C8223FFBEFF0BFC0320F3F966" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E31879C8223FFBEFF0BFC0320F3F966" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<subSubSection id="9E8265018223FFBEFF0BFC032036FA87" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D627368A8223FFBEFF0BFC032329FBEC" blockId="1.[151,558,1004,1031]" box="[151,558,1004,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<heading id="8D6F81E68223FFBEFF0BFC032329FBEC" bold="true" box="[151,558,1004,1031]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E4ECEA988223FFBEFF0BFC032329FBEC" bold="true" box="[151,558,1004,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<taxonomicName id="11984D098223FFBEFF0BFC032078FBED" box="[151,383,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paraplotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana">
<emphasis id="E4ECEA988223FFBEFF0BFC032078FBED" bold="true" box="[151,383,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Paraplotes taiwana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D627368A8223FFBEFF0BFBDB2324FAEB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1076,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="E4ECEA988223FFBEFF0BFBDB2099FBA6" bold="true" box="[151,414,1076,1101]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
Males are similar to
<taxonomicName id="11984D098223FFBEFD10FBDA2225FBA6" box="[652,802,1076,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paraplotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semifulava">
<emphasis id="E4ECEA988223FFBEFD10FBDA2225FBA6" box="[652,802,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">P. semifulava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with filiform antenna, but this group is characterized by the brachelytrous female with the combination of the following characters: females typically physogastric and brachypterous (
<figureCitation id="4EA32A0F8223FFBEFED9FB9320CFFB7F" box="[325,456,1148,1173]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 – 91" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1716,1739]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,249,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,235,1651]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 81 – 91. Hind wings. 81: male; 82 – 85: females. 81, Paraplotes taiwana, Tulanshan; 82, P. cheni, a &amp; b, different individuals from same population; 83, P. j e ng i, a – c, different individuals from same population; 84, P. meihuai, a – c, different individuals from same population; 86, P. taiwana, a: Tulanshan, b: Motien, c: Tahanshan; 87, P. tatakaensis; 88, P. ts oui, a: Chihlanshan, b: Lalashan, c: Taipingshan; 89, P. tsuenensis, a &amp; b, different individuals from same population; 90, P. y ao i, a: Machiatsun, b: Tengchih, c: Tona, d &amp; e: Taoyuan; 91. P. yuae, a: Wushihken; b: Anmashan, c: Wuchihshan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235896/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Figs 82–91</figureCitation>
), elytra convex medially; spermatheca with tubular receptacle little swollen and hardly separated between receptacle and pump; pump extremely curved; proximal spermathecal duct short; gonocoxa with seven setae, base variable; ventrite VIII well sclerotized, apically widened, apical margin truncate, with dense setae along apex, spiculum slender.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D627368A8223FFBEFF5BFAE32036FA87" blockId="1.[151,1437,1076,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="E4ECEA988223FFBEFF5BFAE32016FACE" bold="true" box="[199,273,1292,1317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Notes.</emphasis>
Brachelytrous females of
<taxonomicName id="11984D098223FFBEFDA9FAE323B7FACE" box="[565,688,1292,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paraplotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4ECEA988223FFBEFDA9FAE323B7FACE" box="[565,688,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Paraplotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not reported before. In fact, species with bachelytrous females and winged males are previously only known to occur to one neotropical galerucine genus,
<taxonomicName id="11984D098223FFBEFB38FAC0202AFA87" authority="Beenen &amp; Jolivet 2008" authorityName="Beenen &amp; Jolivet" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metacycla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4ECEA988223FFBEFB38FAC0241EFAA3" box="[1188,1305,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Metacycla</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B2094B7B8223FFBEFAB4FADF2022FA87" author="Beenen" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" refString="Beenen, R. &amp; Jolivet, P. (2008) Classification and habitat of brachelytrous Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). In: Jolivet, P., Santiago-Blay, J. &amp; Schmitt, M. (Eds.), Research on Chrysomelidae. Volume. 1. Brill, Leiden, pp. 161 - 173. Chen, S. H. (1942) Galercinae nouveaux de la Faune Chinoise. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 9, 9 - 67. Chen, S. &amp; Jiang, S. - Q. (1986) On the Chinese sepcies of the Galerucinae genus Japonitata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 11, 72 - 79." type="journal article" year="2008">Beenen &amp; Jolivet 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9E8265018223FFBEFF5BFA9820F3F966" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="D627368A8223FFBEFF5BFA98204AF9CB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1076,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="E4ECEA988223FFBEFF5BFA982020FA7B" bold="true" box="[199,295,1399,1424]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Biology.</emphasis>
Adults are typically nocturnal. They start crawling up onto host plants at sunset. Feeding (
<figureCitation id="4EA32A0F8223FFBEFABDFA982464FA7B" box="[1313,1379,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[181,1409,195,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Ecological photography. 1. Habitat for Paraplotes tatakaensis, with host plants growing along road; 2. Host plant— Lecanthus peduncularis; 3. An adult Paraplotes taiwana feeding on the leaves of Pilea rotundinucula; 4. A male of Paraplotes tahsiangi attempting to mate with female; 5. Eggs were deposited between roots of host plants; 6. Close up of single egg; 7. Larvae of Paraplotes jengi feeding on young shoot; 8. Mature larvae of Paraplotes jengi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235882/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) and copulation (
<figureCitation id="4EA32A0F8223FFBEFE81FA732066FA5F" box="[285,353,1436,1461]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[181,1409,195,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Ecological photography. 1. Habitat for Paraplotes tatakaensis, with host plants growing along road; 2. Host plant— Lecanthus peduncularis; 3. An adult Paraplotes taiwana feeding on the leaves of Pilea rotundinucula; 4. A male of Paraplotes tahsiangi attempting to mate with female; 5. Eggs were deposited between roots of host plants; 6. Close up of single egg; 7. Larvae of Paraplotes jengi feeding on young shoot; 8. Mature larvae of Paraplotes jengi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235882/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) occur on the host plants (
<taxonomicName id="11984D098223FFBEFD17FA732201FA5E" box="[651,774,1436,1461]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
) at night. Females prefer to deposit eggs on roots of plants (
<figureCitation id="4EA32A0F8223FFBEFF03FA50201CFA33" box="[159,283,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[181,1409,195,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Ecological photography. 1. Habitat for Paraplotes tatakaensis, with host plants growing along road; 2. Host plant— Lecanthus peduncularis; 3. An adult Paraplotes taiwana feeding on the leaves of Pilea rotundinucula; 4. A male of Paraplotes tahsiangi attempting to mate with female; 5. Eggs were deposited between roots of host plants; 6. Close up of single egg; 7. Larvae of Paraplotes jengi feeding on young shoot; 8. Mature larvae of Paraplotes jengi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235882/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Figs 4 &amp; 5</figureCitation>
). Larvae feed on young leaves and soft shoots (
<figureCitation id="4EA32A0F8223FFBEFCAAFA50227CFA33" box="[822,891,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[181,1409,195,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Ecological photography. 1. Habitat for Paraplotes tatakaensis, with host plants growing along road; 2. Host plant— Lecanthus peduncularis; 3. An adult Paraplotes taiwana feeding on the leaves of Pilea rotundinucula; 4. A male of Paraplotes tahsiangi attempting to mate with female; 5. Eggs were deposited between roots of host plants; 6. Close up of single egg; 7. Larvae of Paraplotes jengi feeding on young shoot; 8. Mature larvae of Paraplotes jengi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235882/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Mature larvae (
<figureCitation id="4EA32A0F8223FFBEFBA2FA502587FA33" box="[1086,1152,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[181,1409,195,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Ecological photography. 1. Habitat for Paraplotes tatakaensis, with host plants growing along road; 2. Host plant— Lecanthus peduncularis; 3. An adult Paraplotes taiwana feeding on the leaves of Pilea rotundinucula; 4. A male of Paraplotes tahsiangi attempting to mate with female; 5. Eggs were deposited between roots of host plants; 6. Close up of single egg; 7. Larvae of Paraplotes jengi feeding on young shoot; 8. Mature larvae of Paraplotes jengi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235882/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) leave the host plant and burrow into the soil. They build chambers underground for pupation. Duration of immature stages is typically less than one month.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D627368A8223FFBEFF5BF9C320F3F966" blockId="1.[151,1437,1076,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">
An unusual exception was observed on
<date id="A226104A8223FFBEFD14F9C32226F9AF" box="[648,801,1580,1605]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" value="2008-07-13">July 13, 2008</date>
in Wushihkeng, Taichung county, central
<collectingCountry id="AE8F761A8223FFBEFB63F9C32452F9AE" box="[1279,1365,1580,1605]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. More than 10 individuals of
<taxonomicName id="11984D098223FFBEFE3EF9A0235BF983" box="[418,604,1615,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paraplotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yuae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4ECEA988223FFBEFE3EF9A0235BF983" box="[418,604,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Paraplotes yuae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFDF57E38223FFBEFDFAF9A023C3F983" box="[614,708,1615,1640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E4ECEA988223FFBEFDFAF9A023C3F983" bold="true" box="[614,708,1615,1640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
gathered and fed on leaves of
<taxonomicName id="11984D098223FFBEFBA8F9BE25E8F983" box="[1076,1263,1615,1640]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dumasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosa">
<emphasis id="E4ECEA988223FFBEFBA8F9BE25E8F983" box="[1076,1263,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">Dumasia villosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.
<emphasis id="E4ECEA988223FFBEFAD7F9A0249BF983" box="[1355,1436,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="224">bicolor</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="11984D098223FFBEFF02F99B200DF966" box="[158,266,1652,1677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="224" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) during the daytime.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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