treatments-xml/data/5D/62/15/5D62156BFFDBC84D1AECD1FCFE246F32.xml

<document id="D2B5DF818C6FAB5CE725DB77878F1268" ID-CLB-Dataset="29233" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4497.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0f383140-efb8-454c-9188-a8fe795437bc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1451092" ID-ZooBank="11725C60-E463-4EB3-A96A-34CEF56923B8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538973537549" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rodriguez, Pilar &amp; Fend, Steven V." docDate="2018" docId="5D62156BFFDBC84D1AECD1FCFE246F32" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4497.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4497 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bothrioneurum Stolc 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="A15B6D13FFDFC84B1A7BD164FF926976" masterDocTitle="On spermatophore-producing aquatic microdrile oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698568037511" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="CA55CD07A28776CA1427BF3706DDAEC8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2C24894492DF2374460472F65103A566">
<mods:title id="53F6744E203421793DED44516A792C2D">On spermatophore-producing aquatic microdrile oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C921C4CA967784E836778F62F3B69FFC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="ED65C4C71758FAE2046DC09297D5F0DE">
<mods:roleTerm id="F35F6E12F8755315FDB2018899320E9E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E78348F033055148BD9F7D62ECAF8AFD">Rodriguez, Pilar</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="034EFC9D5DAC4A388F23FFCFEDFDB5F0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0D94CB4546858334442FE0AFE88DF066">
<mods:roleTerm id="3E1E0537488B0826E938E450C9F63272">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F5F75999E4EAAFFE12DEF68653F9C9E6">Fend, Steven V.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A119CCE1FDE253B57AFA6D190D6726B2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="416007CB4E42D051419FCC4F029F22A2" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="75F2A39B5DB548A56DE2DE9D1F649239">
<mods:title id="4D7E12E33F513FB7395F4EAA8D3814D2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D505C815DD2B910A48DED9430A870A46">
<mods:date id="2013459870E8002933889AEDA04B4CB8">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7A8BD53D0E851542A18DF31A74F6CD48" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8F85BF2DD3CC40A3DA34F550BCC37ADA">2018-10-08</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="93C6FABE6435CB69D0AA66B1F0C5EA1B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="EDE37DC4D62FEFBA9E14D4B587540E85">4497</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="691B81531C028F51DEB2681361A6F40B" type="issue">
<mods:number id="BB5C4D003FC763399713B51503BCD194">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="0A275C0D7F402C011DB8F0E674F2FC9B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="2528FA21716A5DC1049BA19058D33E72">41</mods:start>
<mods:end id="60C2C770E522FFB9257014B26905CC11">60</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="55E8EE701548FB6CC2A5A72AFA6EA96D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4FF9377F2418E372266E2E45A0E891C0" type="CLB-Dataset">29233</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DC7C911E8CBC4E714868A11F561A9640" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4497.1.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C3FA15A25F473EEBC9977745C1598521" type="GBIF-Dataset">0f383140-efb8-454c-9188-a8fe795437bc</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AE47117DA8A3B4D705CD0FE15FA5D2F0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D7F90F7C5D11723810C8DAD9541E30A3" type="Zenodo-Dep">1451092</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="89ED7AA67957301F3488EBBE9A8630DE" type="ZooBank">11725C60-E463-4EB3-A96A-34CEF56923B8</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="5D62156BFFDBC84D1AECD1FCFE246F32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951342" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148651455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951342" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5D62156BFFDBC84D1AECD1FCFE246F32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D62156BFFDBC84D1AECD1FCFE246F32" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="9DD1F7F6FFDBC84F1AECD1FCFE4E69C7" box="[151,476,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFDBC84F1AECD1FCFE4E69C7" blockId="4.[151,476,151,211]" box="[151,476,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="8E3C1311FFDBC84F1AECD1FCFE4E69C7" bold="true" box="[151,476,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1AECD1FCFE4E69C7" bold="true" box="[151,476,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1B65D1F3FE4E69C7" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[286,476,151,177]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1B65D1F3FE4E69C7" bold="true" box="[286,476,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DD1F7F6FFDBC84D1AECD1DEFE246F32" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFDBC84F1AECD1DEFE9569A5" blockId="4.[151,476,151,211]" box="[151,263,186,211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
(
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFDBC84F1AE5D1DEFF6D69A5" box="[158,255,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[264,1321,691,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[254,1332,681,1810]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bothrioneurum species. A–E. B. vejdovskyanum Štolc, 1886 (from Tarmo Timm's collection). A. Spermatophore attached to the clitellar region. B. Atrium with a diffuse layer of prostatic cells. C,D. Copulatory organ (= paratrium). E. Developing sperm morulae in the coelom (composed from 2 photos). F–J. B. brauni Marcus, 1949 (Marchese's collection). F. Spermatophore capsule. G. Detail of sperm funnel and atrium. H. Junction of atrium and ental section of the copulatory bursa. I,J. Copulatory organ (= paratrium) with conical projection of glands to the copulatory bursa. B, D, G–J histological sections. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, gl gland, m muscular layer, pa paratrium, pr prostatic cells, sf sperm funnel, t testis, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Figure 2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFDBC84F1AECD066FEBC6B61" blockId="4.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
Spermathecae are absent in all known 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1838D066FD7C686D" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[579,750,258,283]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1838D066FD7C686D" box="[579,750,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, and asexual reproduction by fragmentation followed by regeneration of anterior segments seems to be common in the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1E6ED042FB4A6849" box="[1045,1240,294,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref9712" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1971) Family Tubificidae. In: Brinkhust, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 444 - 625." type="book chapter">Brinkhurst 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Rhyacodrilines generally have the sequence of gonads starting in segment X, but the typical forward shift of the reproductive system in 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1B72D00AFE2668F1" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[265,436,366,391]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1B72D00AFE2668F1" box="[265,436,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species seems associated with asexual reproduction (
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1E70D00AFB0668F1" box="[1035,1172,366,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref11369" refString="Hrabe, S. (1935) Uber Moraviodrilus pygmaeus n. g. n. sp., Rhyacodrilus falciformis Br., Ilyodrilus bavaricus Oschm. und Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum. Spisy Vydavane Prirodovedeckou Fakultou Masarykovy University, 209, 1 - 19." type="journal article">Hrabě 1935</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1EDBD00AFAB468F1" box="[1184,1318,366,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref13597" refString="Timm, T. (1979) Oligochaeta of Lake Peipus-Pskov. In: Lokk, S. (Ed.), Hydrobiology of Lakes Ulemiste and Peipus-Pskov. Academy of Sciences of Estonian SSR. Tallinn, pp. 103 - 130. [Canadian translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 4803]" type="book chapter">Timm 1979</bibRefCitation>
). Maturity appears to be regulated by temperature; in a laboratory culture, 
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1919D0F6FC6568DD" box="[866,1015,402,427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref13655" refString="Timm, T. (1997) A new species of Bothrioneurum Stolc, 1886 (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) from Uganda. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 94, 27 - 33." type="journal article">Timm (1997)</bibRefCitation>
observed that a few individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1FFFD0F0FED068B9" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vejdovskyanum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1FFFD0F0FED068B9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B. vejdovskyanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
matured sexually, copulated (interpreted by the presence of spermatophores) and laid free cocoons only when water temperature sank to 13–15°C or lower in late autumn and winter, after many years of only asexual reproduction.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFDBC84F1ABCD346FE876A2D" blockId="4.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
The spermatophores in 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1BAAD346FDEE6B4D" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[465,636,546,571]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1BAAD346FDEE6B4D" box="[465,636,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. are formed by an oval, chitinous capsule with a solid stem firmly attached to the body wall (
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFDBC84F1BBBD322FD8B6B29" box="[448,537,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,707,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1332,698,1783]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Spermatophores in several clitellates. A. Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum (from Timm's collection S-1102). B. Paranadrilus descolei (from Marchese's collection). C. Uktena riparia (Fend's collection). D. Aktedrilus labeosus (NMNH 59663), ventral side of segment XII. E–F. Spermatophores in the lumbricid Eisenia fetida, small mucous disc containing sperm (E), and detail after dissection (F). G–I. Spermatophores in the leech Helobdella spp., extruded from the male pore (G,H), and detail showing the double-tube structure of the spermatophore (I), corresponding to the paired atrial cornua. Abbreviation: sph spermatophore, s sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451094/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
), and are not easily lost by handling the worm. The sperm cells of the examined specimens seem to have undergone little elongation of the nuclei (
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFDBC84F19E9D30EFBBB6BF5" box="[914,1065,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[264,1321,691,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[254,1332,681,1810]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bothrioneurum species. A–E. B. vejdovskyanum Štolc, 1886 (from Tarmo Timm's collection). A. Spermatophore attached to the clitellar region. B. Atrium with a diffuse layer of prostatic cells. C,D. Copulatory organ (= paratrium). E. Developing sperm morulae in the coelom (composed from 2 photos). F–J. B. brauni Marcus, 1949 (Marchese's collection). F. Spermatophore capsule. G. Detail of sperm funnel and atrium. H. Junction of atrium and ental section of the copulatory bursa. I,J. Copulatory organ (= paratrium) with conical projection of glands to the copulatory bursa. B, D, G–J histological sections. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, gl gland, m muscular layer, pa paratrium, pr prostatic cells, sf sperm funnel, t testis, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2A,E–G</figureCitation>
), thus appearing atypical among aquatic oligochaetes, but unfortunately we have not found any detailed report on sperm structure of 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1E8AD3EAFA0E6BD1" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[1265,1436,654,679]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1E8AD3EAFA0E6BD1" box="[1265,1436,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the literature. Similar sperm is apparently shown in the illustration of 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1E63D3D0FAA36BBD" authority="Marcus 1942" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1942" box="[1048,1329,690,715]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pyrrhum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1E63D3D0FB056BBD" box="[1048,1175,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B. pyrrhum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1EE5D3D7FAA36BBD" box="[1182,1329,691,715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref12122" refString="Marcus, E. (1942) Sobre algumas Tubificidae do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 25, 153 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1942.118201" type="journal article">Marcus 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Plate X, Fig. 33), although flagella appear to develop on sperm of 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F195DD3B3FB8B6B99" authority="Beddard, 1901" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1901" box="[806,1049,726,751]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="iris">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F195DD3B3FCF96B98" box="[806,875,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B. iris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1908D3B2FB8B6B99" box="[883,1049,726,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref9547" refString="Beddard, F. E. (1901) On a freshwater annelid of the genus Bothrioneuron obtained during the Skeat Expedition to the Malay Peninsula. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1, 81 - 87." type="journal article">Beddard, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1E52D3B3FA1D6B99" box="[1065,1423,726,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref12122" refString="Marcus, E. (1942) Sobre algumas Tubificidae do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 25, 153 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1942.118201" type="journal article">Marcus 1942: Plate XI, Fig. 37</bibRefCitation>
). This possible lack of sperm elongation and flagella in some 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1939D39EFC7F6A65" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[834,1005,762,787]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1939D39EFC7F6A65" box="[834,1005,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species requires further investigation, since it would be the first case not only for oligochaetes, but for the Clitellata (Marco Ferraguti, pers. comm. 
<date id="A17582BDFFDBC84F1F11D27AFE9B6A2D" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" value="2018-07-30">30th July 2018</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFDBC84F1ABCD202FD086C25" blockId="4.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
The male duct includes a tubular atrium with diffuse prostate (
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFDBC84F19F4D202FB8A6A09" box="[911,1048,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[264,1321,691,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[254,1332,681,1810]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bothrioneurum species. A–E. B. vejdovskyanum Štolc, 1886 (from Tarmo Timm's collection). A. Spermatophore attached to the clitellar region. B. Atrium with a diffuse layer of prostatic cells. C,D. Copulatory organ (= paratrium). E. Developing sperm morulae in the coelom (composed from 2 photos). F–J. B. brauni Marcus, 1949 (Marchese's collection). F. Spermatophore capsule. G. Detail of sperm funnel and atrium. H. Junction of atrium and ental section of the copulatory bursa. I,J. Copulatory organ (= paratrium) with conical projection of glands to the copulatory bursa. B, D, G–J histological sections. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, gl gland, m muscular layer, pa paratrium, pr prostatic cells, sf sperm funnel, t testis, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2B,F,G</figureCitation>
), and a characteristic organ called the 'paratrium' (
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFDBC84F1B32D2EEFE4D6AD5" box="[329,479,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[264,1321,691,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[254,1332,681,1810]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bothrioneurum species. A–E. B. vejdovskyanum Štolc, 1886 (from Tarmo Timm's collection). A. Spermatophore attached to the clitellar region. B. Atrium with a diffuse layer of prostatic cells. C,D. Copulatory organ (= paratrium). E. Developing sperm morulae in the coelom (composed from 2 photos). F–J. B. brauni Marcus, 1949 (Marchese's collection). F. Spermatophore capsule. G. Detail of sperm funnel and atrium. H. Junction of atrium and ental section of the copulatory bursa. I,J. Copulatory organ (= paratrium) with conical projection of glands to the copulatory bursa. B, D, G–J histological sections. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, gl gland, m muscular layer, pa paratrium, pr prostatic cells, sf sperm funnel, t testis, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2C,D,I,J</figureCitation>
), which appears similar to glandular organs described in other taxa (see 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1F61D2EEFAF96AD5" authorityName="Fend, Rodriguez &amp; Lenat" authorityYear="2015" box="[1306,1387,906,931]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Uktena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1F61D2EEFAF96AD5" box="[1306,1387,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Uktena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1AECD2CAFED56AB1" authorityName="Brinkhurst" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,327,942,967]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Smithsonidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1AECD2CAFED56AB1" box="[151,327,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Smithsonidrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, below), and could act as a copulatory organ to attach the spermatophores to the partner (
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1AE5D2B6FECE6A9D" box="[158,348,978,1003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref9712" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1971) Family Tubificidae. In: Brinkhust, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 444 - 625." type="book chapter">Brinkhurst 1971</bibRefCitation>
). The term paratrium was attributed to Vejdovský by 
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F19C5D2B6FBE06A9D" box="[958,1138,978,1003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref9523" refString="Beddard, F. E. (1895) A Monograph in the Order Oligochaeta. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 769 pp." type="book">Beddard (1895)</bibRefCitation>
, and probably refers to its position within the male duct and to its complex structure, including both muscular and glandular tissues. In most 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1AECD57EFED16D45" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,323,1050,1075]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1AECD57EFED16D45" box="[151,323,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, a bunch of gland cells enters a muscular bulb prolonged into a cone that protrudes into a deep male copulatory bursa (
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFDBC84F1B9FD55AFDEB6D21" box="[484,633,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[264,1321,691,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[254,1332,681,1810]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bothrioneurum species. A–E. B. vejdovskyanum Štolc, 1886 (from Tarmo Timm's collection). A. Spermatophore attached to the clitellar region. B. Atrium with a diffuse layer of prostatic cells. C,D. Copulatory organ (= paratrium). E. Developing sperm morulae in the coelom (composed from 2 photos). F–J. B. brauni Marcus, 1949 (Marchese's collection). F. Spermatophore capsule. G. Detail of sperm funnel and atrium. H. Junction of atrium and ental section of the copulatory bursa. I,J. Copulatory organ (= paratrium) with conical projection of glands to the copulatory bursa. B, D, G–J histological sections. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, gl gland, m muscular layer, pa paratrium, pr prostatic cells, sf sperm funnel, t testis, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2C,D,I,J</figureCitation>
) (also referred to as copulatory chamber, copulatory sac, or 'eversible pseudopenis' in some descriptions). The body of the copulatory organ or paratrium is spherical to ovoid, surrounded by a muscular layer; a cluster of gland cells penetrates the muscle layer, forming a characteristic radial arrangement, and terminates in a conical ectal organ, which protrudes toward the male copulatory bursa (
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFDBC84F1F5DD5CEFA026DB5" box="[1318,1424,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[264,1321,691,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[254,1332,681,1810]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bothrioneurum species. A–E. B. vejdovskyanum Štolc, 1886 (from Tarmo Timm's collection). A. Spermatophore attached to the clitellar region. B. Atrium with a diffuse layer of prostatic cells. C,D. Copulatory organ (= paratrium). E. Developing sperm morulae in the coelom (composed from 2 photos). F–J. B. brauni Marcus, 1949 (Marchese's collection). F. Spermatophore capsule. G. Detail of sperm funnel and atrium. H. Junction of atrium and ental section of the copulatory bursa. I,J. Copulatory organ (= paratrium) with conical projection of glands to the copulatory bursa. B, D, G–J histological sections. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, gl gland, m muscular layer, pa paratrium, pr prostatic cells, sf sperm funnel, t testis, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2C,J</figureCitation>
). The location of paratrium within the copulatory bursa differs among species; it is ectal in 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1EFFD5ABFF5D6C7D" authority="Beddard, 1894" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1894" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1EFFD5ABFABD6D90" box="[1156,1327,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B. americanum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1F4DD5AAFF5D6C7D" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref9472" refString="Beddard, F. E. (1894) Preliminary notice of South American Tubificidae collected by Dr Michaelsen, including the description of a branchiate form. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 205 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939408677686" type="journal article">Beddard, 1894</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1B77D596FE4B6C7D" box="[268,473,1266,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref9926" refString="Cernosvitov, L. (1939) VI. Oligochaeta. In: Gilson, H. C. (Ed.), The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to Lake Titicaca in 1937. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1, pp. 81 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1939. tb 00006. x" type="journal article">Černosvitov 1939</bibRefCitation>
: Fig 62), but ental in the others (
<tableCitation id="984991C6FFDBC84F1934D596FC316C7D" box="[847,931,1266,1291]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[147,227,552,572]" captionText="TABLE 1. Anatomical characters of Bothrioneurum species from original descriptions, with additions from observations on examined collections. The species B. righii Collado &amp;" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Table 1</tableCitation>
). A number of accessory glands can also be associated with the copulatory bursa in 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1834D472FD686C59" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[591,762,1302,1327]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1834D472FD686C59" box="[591,762,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, either ectal to the paratrium as in 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1EA9D473FA0E6C59" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[1234,1436,1302,1327]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vejdovskyanum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1EA9D473FA0E6C59" box="[1234,1436,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B. vejdovskyanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1ABDD458FEA26C25" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1949" box="[198,304,1338,1363]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brauni">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1ABDD458FEA26C25" box="[198,304,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B. brauni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or ental (as in 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1BA5D458FD1B6C25" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1894" box="[478,649,1340,1363]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1BA5D458FD1B6C25" box="[478,649,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFDBC84F1ABCD43AFDA36EE5" blockId="4.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
The taxonomy of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1862D43AFD566C01" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[537,708,1374,1399]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1862D43AFD566C01" box="[537,708,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has many unresolved issues, beyond the scope of this paper. 
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1AECD4E6FE336CED" box="[151,417,1410,1435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref9712" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1971) Family Tubificidae. In: Brinkhust, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 444 - 625." type="book chapter">Brinkhurst (1971: 540)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that all of the described species could be synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1ED4D4E0FAEC6CED" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[1199,1406,1410,1435]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vejdovskyanum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1ED4D4E0FAEC6CED" box="[1199,1406,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B. vejdovskyanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species that is accepted as having a lot of variation, due to its predominant reproduction by fragmentation [see also 
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1AECD4AEFEBF6C95" box="[151,301,1482,1507]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref13655" refString="Timm, T. (1997) A new species of Bothrioneurum Stolc, 1886 (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) from Uganda. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 94, 27 - 33." type="journal article">Timm (1997)</bibRefCitation>
for a discussion on the taxonomic status of 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F195CD4A8FC3A6C95" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1942" box="[807,936,1482,1507]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pyrrhum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F195CD4A8FC3A6C95" box="[807,936,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B. pyrrhum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F199AD4A8FBB56C95" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1901" box="[993,1063,1484,1507]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="iris">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F199AD4A8FBB56C95" box="[993,1063,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B. iris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. Although this genus requires a revision based on original or new collections, the number of &quot;male pores&quot; (openings of the copulatory bursae) and presence/absence of penial chaeta, together with the structure of the male duct, seem to support the differences between the species (
<tableCitation id="984991C6FFDBC84F1BF8D752FE446F39" box="[387,470,1590,1615]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[147,227,552,572]" captionText="TABLE 1. Anatomical characters of Bothrioneurum species from original descriptions, with additions from observations on examined collections. The species B. righii Collado &amp;" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Table 1</tableCitation>
) until the necessary genetic analyses are performed. In the present study, we have had the opportunity to study specimens from an Argentinian population (Marchese's collection) that are most consistent with the description of 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1BE1D71BFD966FE1" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1949" box="[410,516,1662,1687]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brauni">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1BE1D71BFD966FE1" box="[410,516,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B. brauni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The most relevant species-level taxonomic characters considered here are related to the male duct: size and position of the male funnel, relative length of the vas deferens to the atrium, presence of different sections in the male bursa, position of the paratrium, and presence of accessory glands. The new material has a large sperm funnel placed forward in the testicular segment (
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFDBC84F19EED78EFC636E75" box="[917,1009,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[264,1321,691,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[254,1332,681,1810]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bothrioneurum species. A–E. B. vejdovskyanum Štolc, 1886 (from Tarmo Timm's collection). A. Spermatophore attached to the clitellar region. B. Atrium with a diffuse layer of prostatic cells. C,D. Copulatory organ (= paratrium). E. Developing sperm morulae in the coelom (composed from 2 photos). F–J. B. brauni Marcus, 1949 (Marchese's collection). F. Spermatophore capsule. G. Detail of sperm funnel and atrium. H. Junction of atrium and ental section of the copulatory bursa. I,J. Copulatory organ (= paratrium) with conical projection of glands to the copulatory bursa. B, D, G–J histological sections. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, gl gland, m muscular layer, pa paratrium, pr prostatic cells, sf sperm funnel, t testis, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
), the vas deferens is long and mostly contained within X; the atrium joins the copulatory bursa, forming a simple but abrupt transition (
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFDBC84F1F7DD66AFAF16E51" box="[1286,1379,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[264,1321,691,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[254,1332,681,1810]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bothrioneurum species. A–E. B. vejdovskyanum Štolc, 1886 (from Tarmo Timm's collection). A. Spermatophore attached to the clitellar region. B. Atrium with a diffuse layer of prostatic cells. C,D. Copulatory organ (= paratrium). E. Developing sperm morulae in the coelom (composed from 2 photos). F–J. B. brauni Marcus, 1949 (Marchese's collection). F. Spermatophore capsule. G. Detail of sperm funnel and atrium. H. Junction of atrium and ental section of the copulatory bursa. I,J. Copulatory organ (= paratrium) with conical projection of glands to the copulatory bursa. B, D, G–J histological sections. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, gl gland, m muscular layer, pa paratrium, pr prostatic cells, sf sperm funnel, t testis, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
); the paratrium is in the ental part of the male bursa; male pores are paired (copulatory bursae open separately), and penial chaetae are absent. The ectal gland associated with the male pore described by 
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDBC84F1E0CD633FA126E19" box="[1143,1408,1878,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref12176" refString="Marcus, E. du B. - R. (1949) Further notes on naidids and tubificids from Brazil. Communicaciones zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 3 (51), 3 - 11 + 2 pl." type="journal article">Marcus (1949: Fig. 11)</bibRefCitation>
is visible only in one of the specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFDBC84E1ABCD6FAFE0B68DB" blockId="4.[151,1437,258,2011]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,645]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
The original description of 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F1B86D6C4FDFB6EC1" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1949" box="[509,617,1950,1975]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brauni">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDBC84F1B86D6C4FDFB6EC1" box="[509,617,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B. brauni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on only one mature individual, which had two pairs of testes and two pairs of ovaries, an atypical condition in the family 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDBC84F192CD6A6FC2D6EAD" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[855,959,1986,2011]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Naididae</taxonomicName>
, possibly related to asexual reproduction, whereas the specimens from Marchese's collection showed the normal gonadal arrangement (only one pair) for rhyacodrilines. Where present, the penial chaetae in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDAC84E19F3D1D8FBA169A3" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[904,1075,188,213]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E19F3D1D8FBA169A3" box="[904,1075,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are of the rhyacodriline type, arranged fanwise, with the distal ends close together (
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDAC84E1897D1BBFB93698E" box="[748,1025,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refId="ref12835" refString="Rodriguez, P. &amp; Fend, S. V. (2013) New species of Rhyacodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Rhyacodrilinae) of North America, with re-description of R. sodalis (Eisen, 1879). Zootaxa, 3664 (1), 1 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3664.1.1" type="journal article">Rodriguez &amp; Fend 2013</bibRefCitation>
). The only mention of penial chaetae for 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDAC84E1AC5D061FE3D686A" authority="Beddard, 1901" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1901" box="[190,431,260,285]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="iris">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1AC5D061FE91686A" box="[190,259,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. iris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDAC84E1B71D060FE3D686A" box="[266,431,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refId="ref9547" refString="Beddard, F. E. (1901) On a freshwater annelid of the genus Bothrioneuron obtained during the Skeat Expedition to the Malay Peninsula. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1, 81 - 87." type="journal article">Beddard, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was by 
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDAC84E1877D060FD09686A" box="[524,667,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refId="ref9996" refString="Chen, Y. (1940) Taxonomy and faunal relations of the limnitic Oligochaeta of China. Contributions from The Biological Laboratory of The Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 14, 1 - 448, 27 pls." type="journal article">Chen (1940)</bibRefCitation>
, based on a single mature individual and suggested to be identical to 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDAC84E1AECD04DFEF56836" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,359,295,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vejdovskyanum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1AECD04DFEF56836" box="[151,359,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. vejdovskyanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDAC84E1BCBD043FDE36836" box="[432,625,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refId="ref9712" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1971) Family Tubificidae. In: Brinkhust, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 444 - 625." type="book chapter">Brinkhurst 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 541). 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDAC84E18B0D04DFC096836" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[715,923,295,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vejdovskyanum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E18B0D04DFC096836" box="[715,923,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. vejdovskyanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDAC84E19CBD04DFC696836" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1901" box="[944,1019,297,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="iris">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E19CBD04DFC696836" box="[944,1019,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. iris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDAC84E1E6BD04DFAD26836" authority="Timm, 1997" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1997" box="[1040,1344,295,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="schiemeri">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1E6BD04DFB306836" box="[1040,1186,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. schiemeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDAC84E1ECBD043FAD26836" box="[1200,1344,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refId="ref13655" refString="Timm, T. (1997) A new species of Bothrioneurum Stolc, 1886 (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) from Uganda. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 94, 27 - 33." type="journal article">Timm, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDAC84E1FFFD04DFDF96812" authority="Wang, Xie &amp; Liang, 2000" authorityName="Wang, Xie &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2000" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grandisetosum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1FFFD04DFEAE6813" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. grandisetosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFDAC84E1B3FD029FDF96812" box="[324,619,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refId="ref13763" refString="Wang, H., Xie, Z. &amp; Liang, Y. (2000) A new terrestrial species of Bothrioneurum (Tubificidae, Oligochaeta) from Hunan Province, China. Species Diversity, 5, 7 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / specdiv. 5.7" type="journal article">Wang, Xie &amp; Liang, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
have male pores opening within a single median chamber with a single external opening. In contrast, all American species have two distinct male pores (i.e., separate external openings of the copulatory bursae).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFDAC84E1ABCD0D3FEE36BF3" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
The paratrium is relatively similar in all 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDAC84E18EDD0D3FCD368A6" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[662,833,439,464]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E18EDD0D3FCD368A6" box="[662,833,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, but small differences in the thickness of the musculature, the presence of an apical gland cluster of cells on the paratrial bulb, or a cuticular sheath on the ectal cone that opens to the male bursa, have been considered diagnostic (
<tableCitation id="984991C6FFDAC84E19D3D09BFC6C6B6E" box="[936,1022,511,536]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[147,227,552,572]" captionText="TABLE 1. Anatomical characters of Bothrioneurum species from original descriptions, with additions from observations on examined collections. The species B. righii Collado &amp;" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Table 1</tableCitation>
). In the examined material, it is not always easy to see the paratrial gland, which perhaps is more or less conspicuous depending on fixation or the state of maturity of the specimen. The new record of 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDAC84E18CBD32DFC896B16" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1949" box="[688,795,583,608]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brauni">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E18CBD32DFC896B16" box="[688,795,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. brauni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Argentina widens the distribution of the species in the Neotropical region.
</paragraph>
<caption id="81B4F4F5FFDAC84E1AECD64CFEEC6E80" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451096/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" startId="5.[151,250,1832,1854]" targetBox="[264,1321,691,1799]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFDAC84E1AECD64CFEEC6E80" blockId="5.[151,1437,1832,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1AECD64CFE816E48" bold="true" box="[151,275,1832,1854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDAC84E1B60D64CFE246E48" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[283,438,1832,1854]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1B60D64CFE246E48" box="[283,438,1832,1854]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1868D64CFDD66E48" bold="true" box="[531,580,1832,1854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">A–E</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDAC84E182AD64DFC166E48" authority="Stolc, 1886" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[593,900,1832,1854]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vejdovskyanum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E182AD64DFC9B6E48" box="[593,777,1832,1854]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. vejdovskyanum</emphasis>
Štolc, 1886
</taxonomicName>
(from Tarmo Timm's collection). 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1E9AD64CFB686E48" bold="true" box="[1249,1274,1832,1854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">A.</emphasis>
Spermatophore attached to the clitellar region. 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1B9FD623FE696E2B" bold="true" box="[484,507,1863,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B.</emphasis>
Atrium with a diffuse layer of prostatic cells. 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1994D623FB936E2B" bold="true" box="[1007,1025,1863,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">C</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1E7CD623FBB26E2B" bold="true" box="[1031,1056,1863,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">D.</emphasis>
Copulatory organ (= paratrium). 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1FFFD623FA096E2B" bold="true" box="[1412,1435,1863,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">E.</emphasis>
Developing sperm morulae in the coelom (composed from 2 photos). 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1924D601FC1C6E0D" bold="true" box="[863,910,1893,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">F–J.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFDAC84E19EED603FB1A6E0D" authority="Marcus, 1949" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1949" box="[917,1160,1893,1916]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brauni">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E19EED603FC676E0D" box="[917,1013,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">B. brauni</emphasis>
Marcus, 1949
</taxonomicName>
(Marchese's collection). 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1FF3D601FA086E0D" bold="true" box="[1416,1434,1893,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">F.</emphasis>
Spermatophore capsule. 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1BEAD6E0FE346EEC" bold="true" box="[401,422,1924,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">G.</emphasis>
Detail of sperm funnel and atrium. 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E196DD6E0FCA36EEC" bold="true" box="[790,817,1924,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">H.</emphasis>
Junction of atrium and ental section of the copulatory bursa. 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1AECD6C7FF336ECF" bold="true" box="[151,161,1955,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">I</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1ADCD6C7FF286ECF" bold="true" box="[167,186,1955,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">J.</emphasis>
Copulatory organ (= paratrium) with conical projection of glands to the copulatory bursa. B, D, G–J histological sections. Abbreviations: 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1B4ED6A5FED06EA1" bold="true" box="[309,322,1985,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">a</emphasis>
atrium, 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1BE2D6A5FE206EA1" bold="true" box="[409,434,1985,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">cb</emphasis>
copulatory bursa, 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1808D6A5FD156EA1" bold="true" box="[627,647,1985,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">gl</emphasis>
gland, 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E18AED6A5FD786EA1" bold="true" box="[725,746,1985,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">m</emphasis>
muscular layer, 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E19EDD6A5FC236EA1" bold="true" box="[918,945,1985,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">pa</emphasis>
paratrium, 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1E52D6A5FBD06EA1" bold="true" box="[1065,1090,1985,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">pr</emphasis>
prostatic cells, 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1E9ED6A5FB656EA1" bold="true" box="[1253,1271,1985,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">sf</emphasis>
sperm funnel, 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1FEFD6A5FA0E6EA1" bold="true" box="[1428,1436,1985,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">t</emphasis>
testis, 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFDAC84E1AACD684FF606E80" bold="true" box="[215,242,2016,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">vd</emphasis>
vas deferens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="81B4F4F5FFD9C84D1AE8D34CF8106B4A" box="[147,1922,551,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD9C84D1AE8D34CF8106B4A" blockId="6.[147,1922,551,602]" box="[147,1922,551,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1AE8D34CFF6D6B4A" bold="true" box="[147,255,552,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Anatomical characters of 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD9C84D187CD343FD056B4A" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[519,663,551,572]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D187CD343FD056B4A" box="[519,663,551,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Bothrioneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from original descriptions, with additions from observations on examined collections. The species 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD9C84D1CC4D343F8106B4A" authority="Collado &amp;" authorityName="Collado &amp;" box="[1727,1922,551,572]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="righii">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1CC4D343F8836B4A" box="[1727,1809,551,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B. righii</emphasis>
Collado &amp;
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD9C84D1AE8D322F9226B2C" blockId="6.[147,1922,551,602]" box="[147,1712,581,602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFD9C84D1AE8D322FE8D6B2C" box="[147,287,582,602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refId="ref10078" refString="Collado, R. &amp; Schmelz, R. M. (2000) Pedonais crassifaucis n. gen., n. sp. (Naididae) and Bothrioneurum righii n. sp. (Tubificidae). Two new tropical soil-dwelling species of &quot; aquatic &quot; oligochaetes (Clitellata, Annelida) from Central Amazonia. Amazoniana, 16, 223 - 235." type="journal article">Schmelz, 2000</bibRefCitation>
was described based on immature worms. 
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD9C84D18C8D321FC576B2C" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[691,965,581,602]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aequatorialis">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D18C8D321FC576B2C" box="[691,965,581,602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Bothrioneurum aequatorialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not included as it is 
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1EE6D321FADC6B2C" box="[1181,1358,581,602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">species inquirenda</emphasis>
(after 
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFD9C84D1FF6D322F9BB6B2C" box="[1421,1577,582,602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refId="ref9712" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1971) Family Tubificidae. In: Brinkhust, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 444 - 625." type="book chapter">Brinkhurst 1971</bibRefCitation>
); sg: segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD9C84D1ADAD303F8C66C0F" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<table id="A7CB56DDFFD937B41ADAD303F8E36CFC" box="[161,1905,615,1418]" gridcols="10" gridrows="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD303F8E36B0B" box="[161,1905,615,637]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD303FEF76B0B" box="[161,357,615,637]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1ADAD303FF606B0B" bold="true" box="[161,242,615,637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D303FE716B0B" box="[383,483,615,637]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1BFFD303FE4D6B0B" bold="true" box="[388,479,615,637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Chaetae</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B4187CD303FDF06B0B" box="[519,610,615,637]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D186AD303FDC46B0B" bold="true" box="[529,598,615,637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Penial</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D303FD6F6B0B" box="[635,765,615,637]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D18FAD303FD6F6B0B" bold="true" box="[641,765,615,637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Male pores</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B4196FD303FC026B0B" box="[788,912,615,637]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D196CD303FC1E6B0B" bold="true" box="[791,908,615,637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Paratrium</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B419DFD303FB8B6B0B" box="[932,1049,615,637]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D19DFD303FB8B6B0B" bold="true" box="[932,1049,615,637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Paratrium</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD303FB756B0B" box="[1092,1255,615,637]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1E20D303FB426B0B" bold="true" box="[1115,1232,615,637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Paratrium</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D303FA5A6B0B" box="[1291,1480,615,637]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1F65D303FA276B0B" bold="true" box="[1310,1461,615,637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Sperm funnel</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD303F9166B0B" box="[1511,1668,615,637]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1F95D303F9EF6B0B" bold="true" box="[1518,1661,615,637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Vas deferens</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D303F8E36B0B" box="[1698,1905,615,637]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1CCDD303F8CC6B0B" bold="true" box="[1718,1886,615,637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Glands in male</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD3E0F8E36BEC" box="[161,1905,644,666]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D3E0FE716BEC" box="[383,483,644,666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1B04D3E0FE716BEC" bold="true" box="[383,483,644,666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(anterior</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4187CD3E0FDF06BEC" box="[519,610,644,666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D187CD3E0FDF06BEC" bold="true" box="[519,610,644,666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">chaetae/</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D3E0FD6F6BEC" box="[635,765,644,666]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D18D3D3E0FD456BEC" bold="true" box="[680,727,644,666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(sg.)</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4196FD3E0FC026BEC" box="[788,912,644,666]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D196CD3E0FC1E6BEC" bold="true" box="[791,908,644,666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">position in</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B419DFD3E0FB8B6BEC" box="[932,1049,644,666]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D19C1D3E0FB916BEC" bold="true" box="[954,1027,644,666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">glands</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD3E0FB756BEC" box="[1092,1255,644,666]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1E2AD3E0FB4B6BEC" bold="true" box="[1105,1241,644,666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">muscle/ectal</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D3E0FA5A6BEC" box="[1291,1480,644,666]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1F6FD3E0FA2D6BEC" bold="true" box="[1300,1471,644,666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">size /position in</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD3E0F9166BEC" box="[1511,1668,644,666]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1C58D3E0F9BE6BEC" bold="true" box="[1571,1580,644,666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(</emphasis>
Ø)
</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D3E0F8E36BEC" box="[1698,1905,644,666]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1C91D3E0F8B86BEC" bold="true" box="[1770,1834,644,666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">bursa</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD3C6F8E36BCE" box="[161,1905,674,696]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D3C6FE716BCE" box="[383,483,674,696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1BE5D3C6FE576BCE" bold="true" box="[414,453,674,696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">sg.)</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4187CD3C6FDF06BCE" box="[519,610,674,696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1875D3C6FDC96BCE" bold="true" box="[526,603,674,696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">bundle</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4196FD3C6FC026BCE" box="[788,912,674,696]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D196FD3C6FC026BCE" bold="true" box="[788,912,674,696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">male bursa</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD3C6FB756BCE" box="[1092,1255,674,696]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1E3FD3C6FB756BCE" bold="true" box="[1092,1255,674,696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">cuticular layer</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D3C6FA5A6BCE" box="[1291,1480,674,696]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1F58D3C6FA226BCE" bold="true" box="[1315,1456,674,696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">testicular sg.</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD3A4F8E36BA1" box="[161,1905,704,727]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD3A4FEF76BA1" box="[161,357,704,727]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD9C84D1ADAD3A4FED56BA1" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1894" box="[161,327,704,727]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1ADAD3A4FED56BA1" bold="true" box="[161,327,704,727]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D3A4FE716BA1" box="[383,483,704,727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">2–more</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4187CD3A4FDF06BA1" box="[519,610,704,727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">absent</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D3A4FD6F6BA1" box="[635,765,704,727]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">1 pair</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4196FD3A4FC026BA1" box="[788,912,704,727]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">ectal</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B419DFD3A4FB8B6BA1" box="[932,1049,704,727]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">present</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD3A4FB756BA1" box="[1092,1255,704,727]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">thin/</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D3A4FA5A6BA1" box="[1291,1480,704,727]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">small / ventral, on</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD3A4F9166BA1" box="[1511,1668,704,727]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">coiled and</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D3A4F8E36BA1" box="[1698,1905,704,727]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">gland cells cover</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD3B9F8E36B85" box="[161,1905,733,755]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD3B9FEF76B85" box="[161,357,733,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Beddard, 1894</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D3B9FE716B85" box="[383,483,733,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">than 8</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D3B9FD6F6B85" box="[635,765,733,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(in XI)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD3B9FB756B85" box="[1092,1255,733,755]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">present</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D3B9FA5A6B85" box="[1291,1480,733,755]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">posterior septum</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD3B9F9166B85" box="[1511,1668,733,755]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">short, in X</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D3B9F8E36B85" box="[1698,1905,733,755]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">the ental part</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD39FF8E36A67" box="[161,1905,763,785]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD39FF9166A67" box="[1511,1668,763,785]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">passing to XI</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD276F8E36A58" box="[161,1905,786,814]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD276FEF76A58" box="[161,357,786,814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD9C84D1ADAD273FECD6A58" authority="Marcus" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1949" box="[161,351,791,814]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brauni">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1ADAD273FE956A58" bold="true" box="[161,263,791,814]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B. brauni</emphasis>
Marcus
</taxonomicName>
,
</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D276FE716A58" box="[383,483,786,814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">?</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4187CD276FDF06A58" box="[519,610,786,814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">absent</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D276FD6F6A58" box="[635,765,786,814]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">1 pair</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4196FD276FC026A58" box="[788,912,786,814]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">ental</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B419DFD276FB8B6A58" box="[932,1049,786,814]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">present</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD276FB756A58" box="[1092,1255,786,814]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">present(1)/</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D276FA5A6A58" box="[1291,1480,786,814]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">very big / latero-</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD276F9166A58" box="[1511,1668,786,814]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">long, in X</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D276F8E36A58" box="[1698,1905,786,814]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">entering ectally,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD251F8E36A3D" box="[161,1905,821,843]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD251FEF76A3D" box="[161,357,821,843]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">1949</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D251FD6F6A3D" box="[635,765,821,843]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(in XI)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD251FB756A3D" box="[1092,1255,821,843]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">absent</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D251FA5A6A3D" box="[1291,1480,821,843]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">dorsal, anterior</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD251F9166A3D" box="[1511,1668,821,843]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(5–15 µm)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D251F8E36A3D" box="[1698,1905,821,843]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">close to male pore</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD236F8E36A1F" box="[161,1905,850,873]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD236FEF76A1F" box="[161,357,850,873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD9C84D1ADAD236FECE6A1F" authority="Marcus" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1949" box="[161,348,850,873]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brauni">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1ADAD236FE956A1F" bold="true" box="[161,263,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B. brauni</emphasis>
Marcus
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D236FE716A1F" box="[383,483,850,873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">3–5</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4187CD236FDF06A1F" box="[519,610,850,873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">absent</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D236FD6F6A1F" box="[635,765,850,873]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">1 pair (in</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4196FD236FC026A1F" box="[788,912,850,873]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">ental</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B419DFD236FB8B6A1F" box="[932,1049,850,873]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">present</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD236FB756A1F" box="[1092,1255,850,873]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">thick/</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D236FA5A6A1F" box="[1291,1480,850,873]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">greatly enlarged</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD236F9166A1F" box="[1511,1668,850,873]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">long, in X</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D236F8E36A1F" box="[1698,1905,850,873]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">ectal, entering close</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD214F8E36AF0" box="[161,1905,880,902]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD214FEF76AF0" box="[161,357,880,902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(Marchese's coll.)</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D214FD6F6AF0" box="[635,765,880,902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">XI)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD214FB756AF0" box="[1092,1255,880,902]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">absent?</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D214FA5A6AF0" box="[1291,1480,880,902]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">/anterior</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD214F9166AF0" box="[1511,1668,880,902]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(12 µm)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D214F8E36AF0" box="[1698,1905,880,902]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">to male pore,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD2E9F8E36AD5" box="[161,1905,909,931]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D2E9F8E36AD5" box="[1698,1905,909,931]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">sometimes</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD2CFF8E36AB7" box="[161,1905,939,961]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D2CFF8E36AB7" box="[1698,1905,939,961]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">inconspicuous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD2ACF8E36AA9" box="[161,1905,968,991]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD2ACFEF76AA9" box="[161,357,968,991]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD9C84D1ADAD2ACFECF6AA9" authorityName="Wang, Xie &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2000" box="[161,349,968,991]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grandisetosum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1ADAD2ACFECF6AA9" bold="true" box="[161,349,968,991]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B. grandisetosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D2ACFE716AA9" box="[383,483,968,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(3)5–7(8)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4187CD2ACFDF06AA9" box="[519,610,968,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">2</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D2ACFD6F6AA9" box="[635,765,968,991]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">single</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4196FD2ACFC026AA9" box="[788,912,968,991]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">ental</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B419DFD2ACFB8B6AA9" box="[932,1049,968,991]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">absent</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD2ACFB756AA9" box="[1092,1255,968,991]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">-</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D2ACFA5A6AA9" box="[1291,1480,968,991]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">long (facing</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD2ACF9166AA9" box="[1511,1668,968,991]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">long, in X</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D2ACF8E36AA9" box="[1698,1905,968,991]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">associated with</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD281F8E36A8D" box="[161,1905,997,1019]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD281FEF76A8D" box="[161,357,997,1019]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Wang, Xie &amp;</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D281FE716A8D" box="[383,483,997,1019]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(giant</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D281FD6F6A8D" box="[635,765,997,1019]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(in XI)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D281FA5A6A8D" box="[1291,1480,997,1019]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">dorsad)/ trumpet-</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD281F9166A8D" box="[1511,1668,997,1019]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(12 µm)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D281F8E36A8D" box="[1698,1905,997,1019]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">penial chaetae</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD567F8E36D6F" box="[161,1905,1027,1049]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD567FEF76D6F" box="[161,357,1027,1049]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Liang, 2000</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D567FE716D6F" box="[383,483,1027,1049]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">ventral in</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D567FA5A6D6F" box="[1291,1480,1027,1049]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">shaped, dorsal,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD544F8E36D40" box="[161,1905,1056,1078]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D544FE716D40" box="[383,483,1056,1078]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">V–VI)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D544FA5A6D40" box="[1291,1480,1056,1078]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">posterior</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD559F8E36D22" box="[161,1905,1085,1108]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD559FEF76D22" box="[161,357,1085,1108]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD9C84D1ADAD559FED66D22" authority="Beddard" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1901" box="[161,324,1085,1108]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="iris">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1ADAD559FF736D22" bold="true" box="[161,225,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B. iris</emphasis>
Beddard
</taxonomicName>
,
</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D559FE716D22" box="[383,483,1085,1108]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">2–4</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4187CD559FDF06D22" box="[519,610,1085,1108]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">absent</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D559FD6F6D22" box="[635,765,1085,1108]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">single</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4196FD559FC026D22" box="[788,912,1085,1108]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">median</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B419DFD559FB8B6D22" box="[932,1049,1085,1108]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">absent</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD559FB756D22" box="[1092,1255,1085,1108]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">very thick</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D559FA5A6D22" box="[1291,1480,1085,1108]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">-</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD559F9166D22" box="[1511,1668,1085,1108]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">coiled, as long</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD53FF8E36D07" box="[161,1905,1115,1137]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD53FFEF76D07" box="[161,357,1115,1137]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">1901</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D53FFD6F6D07" box="[635,765,1115,1137]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(in XII)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD53FFB756D07" box="[1092,1255,1115,1137]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">/absent</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD53FF9166D07" box="[1511,1668,1115,1137]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">as atrium</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD51CF8E36DE6" box="[161,1905,1144,1168]" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD51CFEF76DE6" box="[161,357,1144,1168]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD9C84D1ADAD51DFE8F6DE6" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1942" box="[161,285,1145,1168]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pyrrhum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1ADAD51DFE8F6DE6" bold="true" box="[161,285,1145,1168]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B. pyrrhum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D51CFE716DE6" box="[383,483,1144,1168]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">2–5</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4187CD51CFDF06DE6" box="[519,610,1144,1168]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">4–7</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D51CFD6F6DE6" box="[635,765,1144,1168]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">1 pair</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4196FD51CFC026DE6" box="[788,912,1144,1168]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">ental</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B419DFD51CFB8B6DE6" box="[932,1049,1144,1168]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">present</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD51CFB756DE6" box="[1092,1255,1144,1168]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">present / -</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D51CFA5A6DE6" box="[1291,1480,1144,1168]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">small /on</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD51CF9166DE6" box="[1511,1668,1144,1168]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">?</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D51CF8E36DE6" box="[1698,1905,1144,1168]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">2 gland clusters,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD5F2F8E36DDA" box="[161,1905,1174,1196]" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD5F2FEF76DDA" box="[161,357,1174,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Marcus, 1942</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D5F2FD6F6DDA" box="[635,765,1174,1196]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(in IX)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D5F2FA5A6DDA" box="[1291,1480,1174,1196]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">posterior septum</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D5F2F8E36DDA" box="[1698,1905,1174,1196]" gridcol="9" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">ectal to paratrium</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD5D7F8E36DBC" box="[161,1905,1203,1226]" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD5D7FEF76DBC" box="[161,357,1203,1226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD9C84D1ADAD5D7FEC96DBF" authority="Schmelz" authorityName="Schmelz" box="[161,347,1203,1226]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="righii">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1ADAD5D7FF686DBC" bold="true" box="[161,250,1203,1226]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B. righii</emphasis>
Schmelz
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D5D7FE716DBC" box="[383,483,1203,1226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">1–4</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4187CD5D7FDF06DBC" box="[519,610,1203,1226]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">-</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D5D7FD6F6DBC" box="[635,765,1203,1226]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">-</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4196FD5D7FC026DBC" box="[788,912,1203,1226]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">-</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B419DFD5D7FB8B6DBC" box="[932,1049,1203,1226]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">-</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD5D7FB756DBC" box="[1092,1255,1203,1226]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">-</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D5D7FA5A6DBC" box="[1291,1480,1203,1226]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">-</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD5D7F9166DBC" box="[1511,1668,1203,1226]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">-</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D5D7F8E36DBC" box="[1698,1905,1203,1226]" gridcol="9" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD5B5F8E36D91" box="[161,1905,1233,1255]" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD5B5F8E36D91" box="[161,1905,1233,1255]" colspan="10" colspanRight="9" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">&amp; Collado, 2000</th>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD58AF8E36C73" box="[161,1905,1262,1285]" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD58AFEF76C73" box="[161,357,1262,1285]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD9C84D1ADAD58AFEB56C73" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1997" box="[161,295,1262,1285]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="schiemeri">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1ADAD58AFEB56C73" bold="true" box="[161,295,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B. schiemeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D58AFE716C73" box="[383,483,1262,1285]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">4–8</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4187CD58AFDF06C73" box="[519,610,1262,1285]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">5–7</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D58AFD6F6C73" box="[635,765,1262,1285]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">single</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4196FD58AFC026C73" box="[788,912,1262,1285]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">ental</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B419DFD58AFB8B6C73" box="[932,1049,1262,1285]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">present</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD58AFB756C73" box="[1092,1255,1262,1285]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">-</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D58AFA5A6C73" box="[1291,1480,1262,1285]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">small/on posterior</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD58AF9166C73" box="[1511,1668,1262,1285]" gridcol="8" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">slightly shorter</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D58AF8E36C73" box="[1698,1905,1262,1285]" gridcol="9" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">a small ental gland,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD46FF8E36C57" box="[161,1905,1291,1313]" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD46FFEF76C57" box="[161,357,1291,1313]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Timm, 1997</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D46FFA5A6C57" box="[1291,1480,1291,1313]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">septum</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD46FF9166C57" box="[1511,1668,1291,1313]" gridcol="8" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">than atrium</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D46FF8E36C57" box="[1698,1905,1291,1313]" gridcol="9" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">and a gland layer</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD44DF8E36C49" box="[161,1905,1321,1343]" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD44DF9166C49" box="[1511,1668,1321,1343]" gridcol="8" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(16–20 µm)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D44DF8E36C49" box="[1698,1905,1321,1343]" gridcol="9" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">covers the bursa</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6BFBA63FFFD937B41ADAD424F8E36CFC" box="[161,1905,1344,1418]" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<th id="282ACF43FFD937B41ADAD424FEF76CFC" box="[161,357,1344,1418]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD9C84D1ADAD422FE8B6C0F" authority="Stolc, 1886" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bothrioneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vejdovskyanum">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD9C84D1ADAD422FEF76C2B" bold="true" box="[161,357,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">B. vejdovskyanum</emphasis>
Štolc, 1886
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41B04D424FE716CFC" box="[383,483,1344,1418]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">4–6 anterior</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B4187CD424FDF06CFC" box="[519,610,1344,1418]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">2–6(4,5)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41800D424FC026CFC" box="[635,912,1344,1418]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">single (in VIII median(3) or to XI)(2) ental(5)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B419DFD424FB8B6CFC" box="[932,1049,1344,1418]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">present</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41E3FD424FB756CFC" box="[1092,1255,1344,1418]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">present/ absent</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F70D424FA5A6CFC" box="[1291,1480,1344,1418]" gridcol="7" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">large / ventral, on posterior septum (4,5)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41F9CD424F9166CFC" box="[1511,1668,1344,1418]" gridcol="8" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">long (20– 23(4,5) µm)</td>
<td id="282ACF43FFD937B41CD9D424F8E36CFC" box="[1698,1905,1344,1418]" gridcol="9" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">associated with penial chaetae</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD9C84D1AE8D4FEFDFA6CC0" blockId="6.[147,1498,1434,1604]" box="[147,616,1434,1462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">1 from the drawing in the original description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD9C84D1AE8D4A4FA486CAA" blockId="6.[147,1498,1434,1604]" box="[147,1498,1472,1501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<quantity id="12330998FFD9C84D1AE8D4A4FF266CAA" box="[147,180,1472,1500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
VIII: 
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFD9C84D1A8ED4A2FE156CAA" box="[245,391,1475,1501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refId="ref11480" refString="Hrabe, S. (1981) Vodni malostetinatci (Oligochaeta) Ceskoslovenska. Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Biologica, 1 - 2, 1 - 167." type="book chapter">Hrabĕ (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, Fend's coll.; in IX: Ohtaka (2000); 
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFD9C84D1884D4A2FC1D6CAA" box="[767,911,1478,1500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refId="ref13597" refString="Timm, T. (1979) Oligochaeta of Lake Peipus-Pskov. In: Lokk, S. (Ed.), Hydrobiology of Lakes Ulemiste and Peipus-Pskov. Academy of Sciences of Estonian SSR. Tallinn, pp. 103 - 130. [Canadian translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 4803]" type="book chapter">Timm (1979)</bibRefCitation>
: references therein related to male opening in IX and XI
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD9C84D1AE8D480FE156F76" blockId="6.[147,1498,1434,1604]" box="[147,391,1508,1536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<quantity id="12330998FFD9C84D1AE8D480FF266F76" box="[147,180,1508,1536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFD9C84D1AC1D48EFE156F76" box="[186,391,1514,1536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refId="ref13278" refString="Stolc, A. (1888) Monographie Ceskych Tubificidu. Sitzungsberichte der Koniglichen Bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 2, 1 - 45." type="journal article">Štolc (1888: Fig. 7)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD9C84D1AE8D762FE376F54" blockId="6.[147,1498,1434,1604]" box="[147,421,1542,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<quantity id="12330998FFD9C84D1AE8D762FF266F54" box="[147,180,1542,1570]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFD9C84D1AC1D768FE376F54" box="[186,421,1548,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refId="ref13597" refString="Timm, T. (1979) Oligochaeta of Lake Peipus-Pskov. In: Lokk, S. (Ed.), Hydrobiology of Lakes Ulemiste and Peipus-Pskov. Academy of Sciences of Estonian SSR. Tallinn, pp. 103 - 130. [Canadian translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 4803]" type="book chapter">Timm (1979: Fig. 5.1)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD9C84D1AE8D74CFE246F32" blockId="6.[147,1498,1434,1604]" box="[147,438,1576,1604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<quantity id="12330998FFD9C84D1AE8D74CFF266F32" box="[147,180,1576,1604]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
Ohtaka (2000: 
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFD9C84D1B2CD74AFE3F6F32" box="[343,429,1582,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,707,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1332,698,1783]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Spermatophores in several clitellates. A. Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum (from Timm's collection S-1102). B. Paranadrilus descolei (from Marchese's collection). C. Uktena riparia (Fend's collection). D. Aktedrilus labeosus (NMNH 59663), ventral side of segment XII. E–F. Spermatophores in the lumbricid Eisenia fetida, small mucous disc containing sperm (E), and detail after dissection (F). G–I. Spermatophores in the leech Helobdella spp., extruded from the male pore (G,H), and detail showing the double-tube structure of the spermatophore (I), corresponding to the paired atrial cornua. Abbreviation: sph spermatophore, s sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451094/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1.K</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>