1133 lines
152 KiB
XML
1133 lines
152 KiB
XML
<document id="8D58148934DF29BFB321428A0B97FDB5" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2187" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a959a92c-3474-4243-8228-9a9ffb751549" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8205406" ID-ZooBank="09B12B7A-5A03-447C-826C-10EA479BCCE5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1690898581126" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Reverter-Gil, Oscar & Souto, Javier" docDate="2023" docId="5C0287A2FFA6AA06FD97FE7B7C54636C" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-885_33-64.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 885" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2187" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Arbopercula angulata" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="A03BFFDAFFA4AA0EFFBAFFEB7D6D6643" masterDocTitle="New and non-indigenous species of Bryozoa from Iberian waters" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1701997383091" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="800ADF7249BF9263911362BC0D4A6F3F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E5F681BB935B1DAAB8E40DCF9BEC3F3D">
|
||
<mods:title id="CD32C74AD22C03A41D637206C3921240">New and non-indigenous species of Bryozoa from Iberian waters</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="5806135C8B79868B9B41979B9A9E6E8D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DE496BEB106386FD0F6FA0E3523E1322">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0A1C6E2DBBFD653BAB7AF893EC4D59BB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CBA0D659CBBCF1FC25474978A45ECC76">Reverter-Gil, Oscar</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FCBF991994CE3F81F0CB733B2D2ECA02" type="LSID">001DFC48-0F01-43AF-90EC-452BE6954DDF</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="F32B2970E024BA002B93CFFE1EE1CD70">Museo de Historia Natural da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Parque Vista Alegre s / n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0C1869F1E62C0C9E433F06DC55B7B117" type="email">oscar.reverter@usc.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7264F483BA96FE78A93C57B08C1D0E17" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="FD35D82AF7A2A1841767C4A72E4AAC75">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0A31A8791FC5E3480267BE7240D1D1DD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A3E2BEA67BAFCDA8D7DD002B36CD1F7F">Souto, Javier</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="19EAD87831FB8C518FC41842BF999996" type="LSID">E14FC8A9-40B5-4BF6-8551-3F2A1D991463</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="6E14D575F516997DE99BB3FDE736658D">Institut für Paläontologie, Fakultät für Geowissenschaften, Geographie und Astronomie, Geozentrum, Universität Wien, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Wien, Austria.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9E6E2F0BEB264B1C673023665FD1C5D4" type="email">javier.souto-derungs@univie.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="E1EAECA362F25793B82AB3B06E0CDCD9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="624B40D08027CFABD2AC6E6ABCF6CAAC" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="DB3FB10A4872795866A3840F51DFCB54">
|
||
<mods:title id="CBFFA5AC62456D6EB2A728D2F37015D6">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="95D38422654D587E027FF2989AAE5E5F">
|
||
<mods:date id="F748017DD3DFC55948A0D79FEFD9083A">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D1062FDAB3EE66065549C53A68484661" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="0689E556454E66212715668F55B4A3DD">2023-07-26</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="9A2B7F75824D6FEEB2121B5E1A99AF4A" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="D946B23CEEF8339D43CB4F25C295CF2D">885</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="8A650666BA80EE825BC6592F70F296F3" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="94B1E6685DA1A648696ACE7072C44EBE">33</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="85279E38B0018A546150B6234543C269">64</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="AB487E0BE5E233EB856B629D8C50D65C">
|
||
<mods:url id="4439647206A34BD20C94C7CEC847D316">http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2187</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="5093509933E072688F5B094B9593D28D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3E5D4184884125894139A1F863A43CCD" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2023.885.2187</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="85E693966C32C5AB0671F79CDC32CB6D" type="GBIF-Dataset">a959a92c-3474-4243-8228-9a9ffb751549</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B57E41B7FE1FCA06684D64F2A7031DC4" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2D43EBE892F7A9BD427AC513D18981FA" type="Zenodo-Dep">8205406</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F97D491F62FBFE57C5B75336E5193964" type="ZooBank">09B12B7A-5A03-447C-826C-10EA479BCCE5</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="5C0287A2FFA6AA06FD97FE7B7C54636C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206203" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212423760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8206203" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C0287A2FFA6AA06FD97FE7B7C54636C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C0287A2FFA6AA06FD97FE7B7C54636C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<subSubSection id="9CB1653FFFA6AA0CFD97FE7B796A67E8" box="[557,1031,400,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFD97FE7B796A67E8" blockId="2.[557,1031,400,462]" box="[557,1031,400,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<heading id="8F5C81D8FFA6AA0CFD97FE7B796A67E8" box="[557,1031,400,427]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA6AA0CFD97FE7B796A67E8" ID-CoL="G6GY" authority="(Levinsen, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[557,1031,400,427]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFD97FE7B7E5A67E8" bold="true" box="[557,823,400,427]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Arbopercula angulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA6AA0CFCFCFE7A7E9367E8" author="Levinsen" box="[838,1022,401,427]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9CB1653FFFA6AA0CFDC5FE5F7ED8678D" box="[639,949,436,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFDC5FE5F7ED8678D" blockId="2.[557,1031,400,462]" box="[639,949,436,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA6AA0CFDC5FE5F7F8B678D" box="[639,742,436,462]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="3.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionStartId-1="4.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionStartId-2="5.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1397,989,1850]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,521,1850]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetId-0="figure-190@3.[189,1398,989,1850]" captionTargetId-1="figure-95@4.[189,1398,511,1850]" captionTargetId-2="figure-195@5.[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909), holotype (NHMD-77254), Koh Samet (Gulf of Thailand). A. Autozooids with well-developed spines and gymnocystal processes. B–C. Autozooids with fewer, poorly developed spines and gymnocystal processes. D. Autozooids without spines and gymnocystal processes." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A–B. View of part of large colony on plastic. C–E. Autozooids with fewer and less-developed spines. F. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids. G. Autozooids of the growing margin with developing gymnocystal processes." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A. Autozooids with well-developed spines and gymnocystal processes. B. Multiporous rosette-plates. C. Spineless autozooids. D. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205410" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205412" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205414" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8205410/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8205412/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8205414/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA6AA0CFD49FE5F7E44678D" box="[755,809,436,462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1322,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-166@23.[189,1398,1322,1884]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Iberian distribution of the species treated in the present paper (see legends in the figures). A. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) and Caberea cantabra sp. nov. B. Species of Hincksina Norman, 1903." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205436/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">12A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="9929030FFFA6AA0CFC8FFE5F7ED8678D" box="[821,949,436,462]" captionStart-0="Table 1" captionStart-1="Table 2" captionStartId-0="3.[189,259,265,291]" captionStartId-1="5.[191,261,265,291]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Table 1. Measurements (in mm) of Arbopercula angulata, holotype (NHMD-77254). Abbreviations: N = number of measurements; SD = standard deviation." captionText-1="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of Arbopercula angulata (MHNUSC-Bry 643). Abbreviations: N = number of measurements; SD = standard deviation." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/80D4663CFFA7AA0DFF07FEE27E236705" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/80D4663CFFA1AA0BFF05FEE27E746705" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" tableUuid-0="80D4663CFFA7AA0DFF07FEE27E236705" tableUuid-1="80D4663CFFA1AA0BFF05FEE27E746705">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9CB1653FFFA6AA0CFF07FE1E79CA6525" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07FE1E7E496453" blockId="2.[189,804,501,528]" box="[189,804,501,528]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F4BB119AFFA6AA0CFF07FE1E7E496453" box="[189,804,501,528]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="550A10A5FFA6AA0CFF07FE1E7F136453" author="Levinsen G. M. R." box="[189,638,501,528]" page="149" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" year="1909">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA6AA0CFF07FE1E7F136453" ID-CoL="396PX" authority="Levinsen, 1909: 149" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityPageNumber="149" authorityYear="1909" box="[189,638,501,528]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF07FE1E7CEE644C" box="[189,387,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Electra angulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA6AA0CFE30FE1E7F136453" author="Levinsen" box="[394,638,501,528]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" page="149" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909: 149</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 22 fig. 4a.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07FDDC7E4C6412" blockId="2.[189,1399,567,805]" box="[189,801,567,593]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F4BB119AFFA6AA0CFF07FDDC7E4C6412" box="[189,801,567,593]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA6AA0CFF07FDDC7CEE6412" ID-CoL="396PX" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[189,387,567,593]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF07FDDC7CEE6412" box="[189,387,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Electra angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="550A10A5FFA6AA0CFE1AFDDC7F176412" author="Harmer S. F." box="[416,634,567,593]" page="207" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" year="1926">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA6AA0CFE1AFDDC7F176412" author="Harmer" box="[416,634,567,593]" firstAuthor="Harmer" page="207" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="183 - 501" refId="ref15346" refString="Harmer S. F. 1926. The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, 2. Cheilostomata Anasca. Siboga Expedition Reports 28 b: 183 - 501." type="journal article" year="1926">Harmer 1926: 207</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 13 fig. 11.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07FDB17E0064D4" blockId="2.[189,1399,567,805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F4BB119AFFA6AA0CFF07FDB17E0064D4" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA6AA0CFF07FDB17C016437" ID-CoL="396R7" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[189,364,602,628]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF07FDB17C016437" box="[189,364,602,628]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Electra tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="550A10A5FFA6AA0CFE36FDB07F356437" author="Marcus E." box="[396,600,602,629]" page="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" year="1937">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA6AA0CFE36FDB07F356437" author="Marcus" box="[396,600,602,629]" firstAuthor="Marcus" page="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="5 - 224" refId="ref16194" refString="Marcus E. 1937. Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de filosofia, ciencias e letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 1: 5 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1937.113912" type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus 1937: 38</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 7 fig. 15a–c. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="550A10A5FFA6AA0CFCF4FDB17E906437" author="Silen L." box="[846,1021,602,628]" page="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" year="1941">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA6AA0CFCF4FDB17E906437" author="Silen" box="[846,1021,602,628]" firstAuthor="Silen" page="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref17737" refString="Silen L. 1941. Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi 33 A: 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén 1941: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 14. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="550A10A5FFA6AA0CFB37FDB1781F6437" author="Mawatari S." box="[1165,1394,602,628]" page="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" year="1974">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA6AA0CFB37FDB1781F6437" author="Mawatari" box="[1165,1394,602,628]" firstAuthor="Mawatari" page="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="17 - 52" refId="ref16244" refString="Mawatari S. 1974. Studies on Japanese anascan Bryozoa. 3. Division Malacostega (1). Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo 17 (1): 17 - 52." type="journal article" year="1974">Mawatari 1974: 42</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 7, pl. 3 figs 3–4. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="550A10A5FFA6AA0CFDB8FD957E6864D4" author="Rosso A." box="[514,773,637,664]" page="241" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA6AA0CFDB8FD957E6864D4" author="Rosso" box="[514,773,637,664]" firstAuthor="Rosso" page="241 - 246" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="241 - 251" refId="ref17557" refString="Rosso A. 1994. Segnalazione di Electra tenella (Hincks) (Bryozoa) lungo le coste sud-orientali della Sicilia. Bollettino dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, Catania 27: 241 - 251." type="journal article" year="1994">Rosso 1994: 241–246</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pls 1–2.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07FD4B7E8464F8" blockId="2.[189,1399,567,805]" box="[189,1001,672,699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F4BB119AFFA6AA0CFF07FD4B7E8464F8" box="[189,1001,672,699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA6AA0CFF07FD4B7CFD64F9" ID-CoL="396R7" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[189,400,672,698]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF07FD4B7C7E64F9" box="[189,275,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Electra</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFEFAFD4B7CFD64F9" box="[320,400,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="550A10A5FFA6AA0CFE17FD4A7E8864F8" author="Lopez de la Cuadra C. M. & Garcia-Gomez J. C." box="[429,997,672,699]" page="109" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA6AA0CFE17FD4A7E8864F8" author="Lopez de la Cuadra & Garcia-Gomez" box="[429,997,672,699]" firstAuthor="Lopez de la Cuadra" page="109" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="107 - 112" refId="ref16012" refString="Lopez de la Cuadra C. M. & Garcia-Gomez J. C. 1994. Zoogeographical study of the Cheilostomatida from the Straits of Gibraltar. In: Hayward P. J., Ryland J. S. & Taylor P. D. (eds) Biology and Palaeobiology of Bryozoans: 107 - 112. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark." type="book chapter" year="1994">López de la Cuadra & García-Gómez 1994: 109</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07FD2F7E16649D" blockId="2.[189,1399,567,805]" box="[189,891,708,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F4BB119AFFA6AA0CFF07FD2F7E16649D" box="[189,891,708,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA6AA0CFF07FD2F7CC5649D" ID-CoL="G6H3" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[189,424,708,734]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF07FD2F7CC5649D" box="[189,424,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Arbopercula tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="550A10A5FFA6AA0CFE7FFD2F7E76649D" author="Subias-Baratau A. & Sanchez-Vidal A. & Di Martino E. & Figuerola B." box="[453,795,708,734]" page="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" year="2022">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA6AA0CFE7FFD2F7E76649D" author="Subias-Baratau" box="[453,795,708,734]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Subias-Baratau" page="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref18070" refString="Subias-Baratau A., Sanchez-Vidal A., Di Martino E. & Figuerola B. 2022. Marine biofouling organisms on beached, buoyant and benthic plastic debris in the Catalan Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 175: 113405: 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marpolbul. 2022.113405" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Subías-Baratau
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFDC5FD2F7FDE649D" box="[639,691,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022: 3
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4b.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07FD0C79196542" blockId="2.[189,1399,567,805]" box="[189,1140,743,770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F4BB119AFFA6AA0CFF07FD0C79196542" box="[189,1140,743,770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA6AA0CFF07FD0C7CDD6542" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[189,432,743,769]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF07FD0C7CDD6542" box="[189,432,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Arbocuspis angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="550A10A5FFA6AA0CFE77FD0C7E5D6542" author="Tilbrook K. J. & Gordon D. P." box="[461,816,743,770]" page="260" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA6AA0CFE77FD0C7E5D6542" author="Tilbrook & Gordon" box="[461,816,743,770]" firstAuthor="Tilbrook" page="260" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="255 - 263" refId="ref18364" refString="Tilbrook K. J. & Gordon D. P. 2015. Bryozoa from the Straits of Johor, Singapore, with the description of a new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 31: 255 - 263. Available from http: // lkcnhm. nus. edu. sg / nus / images / data / raffles _ bulletin _ of _ zoology / supplement 31 / S 31 rbz 255 - 263. pdf [accessed 19 Feb. 2023]." type="journal article" year="2015">Tilbrook & Gordon 2015: 260</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(lapsus calami, see below).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07FCE17E336566" blockId="2.[189,1399,567,805]" box="[189,862,778,805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F4BB119AFFA6AA0CFF07FCE17E336566" box="[189,862,778,805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA6AA0CFF07FCE17CAD6567" ID-CoL="G6GY" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[189,448,778,804]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF07FCE17CAD6567" box="[189,448,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Arbopercula angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="550A10A5FFA6AA0CFE67FCE17E346566" author="Reverter-Gil O. & Souto J." box="[477,857,778,805]" page="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" year="2021">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA6AA0CFE67FCE17E346566" author="Reverter-Gil & Souto" box="[477,857,778,805]" firstAuthor="Reverter-Gil" page="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref17047" refString="Reverter-Gil O. & Souto J. 2021 a. As coleccions de briozoos do Museo de Historia Natural da USC. The Bryozoan collections of the Museum of Natural History of the USC. Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana 28: 1 - 24. Available from https: // revistas. usc. gal / index. php / nacc / article / view / 7693 [accessed 19 Feb. 2023]." type="journal article" year="2021" yearSuffix="a">Reverter-Gil & Souto 2021a: 15</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07FCA779CA6525" blockId="2.[189,1191,843,870]" box="[189,1191,843,870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F4BB119AFFA6AA0CFF07FCA77EEE6525" box="[189,899,843,870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA6AA0CFF4DFCA07F6D6526" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1880" box="[247,512,843,869]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF4DFCA07F6D6526" box="[247,512,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Membranipora tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="550A10A5FFA6AA0CFDA7FCA07F9C6526" author="Hincks T." box="[541,753,843,870]" page="376" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" year="1880">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA6AA0CFDA7FCA07F9C6526" author="Hincks" box="[541,753,843,870]" firstAuthor="Hincks" page="376" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="376 - 384" refId="ref15513" refString="Hincks T. 1880. Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. Part II cont. Foreign Membraniporina (continued). Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 5 6: 376 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938009458955" type="journal article" year="1880">Hincks 1880: 376</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 16 fig. 7
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA6AA0CFC16FCA079FB6526" ID-CoL="G6H3" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[940,1174,843,869]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFC16FCA079FB6526" box="[940,1174,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Arbopercula tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9CB1653FFFA6AA0CFF07FC66797E619B" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07FC667CC765E4" blockId="2.[189,426,909,935]" box="[189,426,909,935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<heading id="8F5C81D8FFA6AA0CFF07FC667CC765E4" bold="true" box="[189,426,909,935]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF07FC667CC765E4" bold="true" box="[189,426,909,935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF50FC5779F6625F" blockId="2.[189,1398,955,1053]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="64C33CE9FFA6AA0CFF50FC5779F6625F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4167731344" collectingDate="1900-02-09" collectionCode="NHMD" collectorName="Mortensen" country="China" location="Gulf of Thailand" municipality="Koh Samet" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="NHMD-77254" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF50FC577C316595" bold="true" box="[234,348,956,982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<typeStatus id="0B108816FFA6AA0CFF50FC577C316595" box="[234,348,956,982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(by monotypy) SOUTH
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFA6AA0CFE9CFC347CEC65BA" box="[294,385,991,1017]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
SEA • several fragments on wood;
|
||
<location id="D174606FFFA6AA0CFC99FC347E8765BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C0287A2FFA6AA06FD97FE7B7C54636C:D174606FFFA6AA0CFC99FC347E8765BA" box="[803,1002,991,1017]" country="China" municipality="Koh Samet" name="Gulf of Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Gulf of Thailand</location>
|
||
, near
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3470ACCEFFA6AA0CFB8AFC3479DA65BA" box="[1072,1207,991,1017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Koh Samet</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
; coordinates not provided; depth 0 m (floating);
|
||
<date id="A0151074FFA6AA0CFD94FBE97FD0625F" box="[558,701,1026,1052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="1900-02-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="B051E99CFFA6AA0CFD94FBE97FD0625F" box="[558,701,1026,1052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="1900-02-09">9 Feb. 1900</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="795E5362FFA6AA0CFD73FBE97E2B625F" box="[713,838,1026,1052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Mortensen</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="840D9ECFFFA6AA0CFC32FBE9795B625E" box="[904,1078,1026,1053]" collectionCode="NHMD-" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">NHMD-77254</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA6AA0CFBFFFBE979E7625F" box="[1093,1162,1026,1052]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,989,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-190@3.[189,1398,989,1850]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909), holotype (NHMD-77254), Koh Samet (Gulf of Thailand). A. Autozooids with well-developed spines and gymnocystal processes. B–C. Autozooids with fewer, poorly developed spines and gymnocystal processes. D. Autozooids without spines and gymnocystal processes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF50FBA87CCB621E" blockId="2.[189,1399,1091,1329]" box="[234,422,1091,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF50FBA87CCB621E" bold="true" box="[234,422,1091,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07FB8C7FA56372" blockId="2.[189,1399,1091,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="64C33CE9FFA6AA0CFF07FB8C79AB62E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4167731304" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Challenger" country="Philippines" elevation="-18" latitude="11.616667" location="Philippines" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="123.51667" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="1899.7.1.5088" specimenCount="1">
|
||
MALAY ARCHIPELAGO •
|
||
<specimenCount id="C2ADFD3DFFA6AA0CFDADFB8C7F1362C3" box="[535,638,1126,1153]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">1 colony</specimenCount>
|
||
on a wooden slide;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFA6AA0CFCCAFB8D7E9562C3" box="[880,1016,1126,1152]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B19F5073FFA6AA0CFBBFFB8C791762C2" box="[1029,1146,1125,1153]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" precision="925" value="11.616667">11° 37′ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B19F5073FFA6AA0CFB32FB8C786762C2" box="[1160,1290,1125,1153]" degrees="123" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" precision="925" value="123.51667">123° 31′ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; stn 208; depth
|
||
<elevation id="5F86D187FFA6AA0CFEB3FB617C0C62E7" box="[265,353,1162,1188]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">18 fms</elevation>
|
||
; date unknown;
|
||
<collectorName id="795E5362FFA6AA0CFD90FB617FC662E7" box="[554,683,1162,1188]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Challenger</collectorName>
|
||
exped. 1873–1876;
|
||
<collectionCode id="B2BAAE71FFA6AA0CFC1EFB61797E62E7" box="[932,1043,1162,1188]" collectionName="NHMUK" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="840D9ECFFFA6AA0CFBA4FB6279AB62E7" box="[1054,1222,1161,1188]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">1899.7.1.5088</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="64C33CE9FFA6AA0CFB5CFB617FBC62A9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4167731313" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Siboga" country="Philippines" elevation="274" location="N. Suinbawa" municipality="Salah Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="NHMUK 1928.3.6.14, NHMUK 1928.3.6.16" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="C2ADFD3DFFA6AA0CFB5CFB61782262E7" box="[1254,1359,1162,1188]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">1 colony</specimenCount>
|
||
on wood;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3470ACCEFFA6AA0CFEB4FB467CE56284" box="[270,392,1197,1223]" country="Philippines" name="Salah Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Salah Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D174606FFFA6AA0CFE2EFB467F5D6284" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C0287A2FFA6AA06FD97FE7B7C54636C:D174606FFFA6AA0CFE2EFB467F5D6284" box="[404,560,1197,1223]" country="Philippines" municipality="Salah Bay" name="N. Suinbawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">N. Suinbawa</location>
|
||
; coordinates not provided; stn 312; depth
|
||
<quantity id="13539B51FFA6AA0CFB98FB46791D6284" box="[1058,1136,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="274.0">
|
||
<elevation id="5F86D187FFA6AA0CFB98FB46791D6284" box="[1058,1136,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="274.0">274 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
; 1899;
|
||
<collectorName id="795E5362FFA6AA0CFB7DFB4678756284" box="[1223,1304,1197,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Siboga</collectorName>
|
||
exped.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="840D9ECFFFA6AA0CFF04FB3A7CAF62A9" box="[190,450,1232,1259]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">NHMUK 1928.3.6.14</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="840D9ECFFFA6AA0CFE75FB3A7FBC62A9" box="[463,721,1232,1259]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">NHMUK 1928.3.6.16</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="64C33CE9FFA6AA0CFD50FB3B7FA96372" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4167731328" collectingDate="1984-07-19" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="G. C. Cadee" country="Indonesia" elevation="30" latitude="-8.333333" location="Strait of Bali" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="114.416664" municipality="Strait" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="NHMUK 2003.2.28.104" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Java Sea">
|
||
<specimenCount id="C2ADFD3DFFA6AA0CFD50FB3B7E0E62A9" box="[746,867,1232,1258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">2 colonies</specimenCount>
|
||
on wood;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="166FF856FFA6AA0CFC5AFB3A792462A9" box="[992,1097,1232,1259]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Java Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFA6AA0CFBECFB3B79A662A9" box="[1110,1227,1232,1258]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D174606FFFA6AA0CFB6DFB3B781F62A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C0287A2FFA6AA06FD97FE7B7C54636C:D174606FFFA6AA0CFB6DFB3B781F62A9" box="[1239,1394,1232,1258]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-8.333333" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="114.416664" municipality="Strait" name="Strait of Bali" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Java Sea">Strait of Bali</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B19F5073FFA6AA0CFF07FB187C4C634E" box="[189,289,1266,1294]" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" precision="925" value="-8.333333">8° 20′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B19F5073FFA6AA0CFE8AFB187CDE634D" box="[304,435,1266,1294]" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" precision="925" value="114.416664">114° 25′ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; depth
|
||
<quantity id="13539B51FFA6AA0CFDB7FB187F23634D" box="[525,590,1267,1294]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="30.0">
|
||
<elevation id="5F86D187FFA6AA0CFDB7FB187F23634D" box="[525,590,1267,1294]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="A0151074FFA6AA0CFDE6FB187F98634E" box="[604,757,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="1984-07-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="B051E99CFFA6AA0CFDE6FB187F98634E" box="[604,757,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="1984-07-19">19 Jul. 1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; Snellius exped. II;
|
||
<collectorName id="795E5362FFA6AA0CFC52FB18791F634E" box="[1000,1138,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">G.C. Cadée</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; boomkor [beam trawl]; CAD84/11;
|
||
<specimenCode id="840D9ECFFFA6AA0CFE18FAFC7FA96372" box="[418,708,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">NHMUK 2003.2.28.104</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07FAB37F4163FB" blockId="2.[189,1398,1368,1464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="64C33CE9FFA6AA0CFF07FAB37F4A63FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4167731314" collectingDate="2012-07-07" collectionCode="MHNUSC-Bry" collectorName="O. Reverter-Gil" country="Spain" latitude="39.92667" location="Es Talaier" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="3.90278" municipality="Menorca" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="MHNUSC-Bry 643" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Balearic Islands">
|
||
MEDITERRANEAN
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFA6AA0CFE7AFAB37F7F6331" box="[448,530,1368,1394]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">SPAIN</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="C2ADFD3DFFA6AA0CFD90FAB37FBD6331" box="[554,720,1368,1394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">1 large colony</specimenCount>
|
||
on a plastic debris;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="166FF856FFA6AA0CFC00FAB379156331" box="[954,1144,1368,1394]" country="Spain" name="Illes Baleares" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Balearic Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3470ACCEFFA6AA0CFB39FAB379836331" box="[1155,1262,1368,1394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Menorca</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D174606FFFA6AA0CFB40FAB3781F6331" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C0287A2FFA6AA06FD97FE7B7C54636C:D174606FFFA6AA0CFB40FAB3781F6331" box="[1274,1394,1368,1394]" country="Spain" latitude="39.92667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="3.90278" municipality="Menorca" name="Es Talaier" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Balearic Islands">Es Talaier</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B19F5073FFA6AA0CFF07FA907C3663D5" box="[189,347,1403,1430]" degrees="39.92667" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="39.92667">39.92667° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B19F5073FFA6AA0CFED6FA907C9563D5" box="[364,504,1403,1430]" degrees="3.90278" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="3.90278">3.90278° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; depth 0 m (washed upon the beach);
|
||
<date id="A0151074FFA6AA0CFC61FA97790763D6" box="[987,1130,1403,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="2012-07-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="B051E99CFFA6AA0CFC61FA97790763D6" box="[987,1130,1403,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="2012-07-07">7 Jul. 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="795E5362FFA6AA0CFBC1FA90785A63D6" box="[1147,1335,1403,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">O. Reverter-Gil</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="840D9ECFFFA6AA0CFF07FA757CC963FB" box="[189,420,1438,1464]" collectionCode="MHNUSC-Bry" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">MHNUSC-Bry 643</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA6AA0CFE09FA757F7363FB" box="[435,542,1438,1464]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionStartId-1="5.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,521,1850]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetId-0="figure-95@4.[189,1398,511,1850]" captionTargetId-1="figure-195@5.[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A–B. View of part of large colony on plastic. C–E. Autozooids with fewer and less-developed spines. F. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids. G. Autozooids of the growing margin with developing gymnocystal processes." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A. Autozooids with well-developed spines and gymnocystal processes. B. Multiporous rosette-plates. C. Spineless autozooids. D. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205412" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205414" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8205412/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8205414/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07FA0B7E2D605E" blockId="2.[189,1398,1504,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="64C33CE9FFA6AA0CFF07FA0B7E2D605E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4167731332" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="N. Beach" country="NORTH AMERICA" location="Fort Pierce" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="NHMUK 1986.8.14.7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFA6AA0CFF07FA0B7CC663B9" box="[189,427,1504,1530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">NORTH AMERICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="C2ADFD3DFFA6AA0CFE7BFA0B7F4B63B9" box="[449,550,1504,1530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">1 colony</specimenCount>
|
||
on drift plastic;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="166FF856FFA6AA0CFD59FA0B7E5663B9" box="[739,827,1504,1530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D174606FFFA6AA0CFCFFFA0B7EA563B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C0287A2FFA6AA06FD97FE7B7C54636C:D174606FFFA6AA0CFCFFFA0B7EA563B9" box="[837,968,1504,1530]" country="NORTH AMERICA" name="Fort Pierce" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Florida">Fort Pierce</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="795E5362FFA6AA0CFC69FA0B792F63B9" box="[979,1090,1504,1530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">N. Beach</collectorName>
|
||
; coordinates not provided; depth unknown; date unknown;
|
||
<specimenCode id="840D9ECFFFA6AA0CFD8DF9EF7E51605E" box="[567,828,1539,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">NHMUK 1986.8.14.7</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07F9AE7FCC608B" blockId="2.[189,1399,1604,1736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="64C33CE9FFA6AA0CFF07F9AE786060C1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4167731324" collectingDate="1986-12-07" collectorName="C. M. Lopez-Fe" country="Gibraltar" latitude="36.18167" location="La Linea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-5.33333" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Andalucia">
|
||
STRAIT OF
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFA6AA0CFEE5F9AE7F6F601C" box="[351,514,1605,1631]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">GIBRALTAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
• 1 young colony on wood, coated;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="166FF856FFA6AA0CFC73F9AF7928601D" box="[969,1093,1604,1630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Andalucía</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D174606FFFA6AA0CFBEEF9AE79A8601C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C0287A2FFA6AA06FD97FE7B7C54636C:D174606FFFA6AA0CFBEEF9AE79A8601C" box="[1108,1221,1605,1631]" country="Gibraltar" latitude="36.18167" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-5.33333" name="La Linea" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Andalucia">La Línea</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B19F5073FFA6AA0CFB6FF9AF781F601C" box="[1237,1394,1604,1631]" degrees="36.18167" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="36.18167">36.18167° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B19F5073FFA6AA0CFF07F98C7C3760C1" box="[189,346,1639,1666]" degrees="05.33333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="-5.33333">05.33333° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; depth 0 m (floating);
|
||
<date id="A0151074FFA6AA0CFDE2F9837F8A60C2" box="[600,743,1639,1666]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="1986-12-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="B051E99CFFA6AA0CFDE2F9837F8A60C2" box="[600,743,1639,1666]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="1986-12-07">7 Dec. 1986</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="795E5362FFA6AA0CFD48F9837EC960C1" box="[754,932,1640,1666]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">C.M. López-Fé</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; pers. coll. C.M. López-Fé
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="64C33CE9FFA6AA0CFAA9F9837FF3608B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4167731322" collectingDate="2005-08" collectionCode="MHNUSC-Bry" collectorName="C. M. Lopez-Fe" latitude="36.18167" location="La Linea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-5.33333" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="MHNUSC-Bry 708" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Andalucia">
|
||
• several fragments on wood;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="166FF856FFA6AA0CFE11F9607F4A60E6" box="[427,551,1675,1701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Andalucía</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D174606FFFA6AA0CFD88F9607FF360E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C0287A2FFA6AA06FD97FE7B7C54636C:D174606FFFA6AA0CFD88F9607FF360E6" box="[562,670,1675,1701]" latitude="36.18167" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-5.33333" name="La Linea" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Andalucia">La Línea</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B19F5073FFA6AA0CFD13F9607E2C60E6" box="[681,833,1675,1701]" degrees="36.18167" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="36.18167">36.18167° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B19F5073FFA6AA0CFCF7F9607E8660E6" box="[845,1003,1675,1702]" degrees="05.33333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="-5.33333">05.33333° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; depth: 0 m (floating);
|
||
<date id="A0151074FFA6AA0CFB49F960781F60E5" box="[1267,1394,1675,1702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="2005-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="B051E99CFFA6AA0CFB49F960781F60E5" box="[1267,1394,1675,1702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="2005-08">Aug. 2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="795E5362FFA6AA0CFF07F9457C1C608B" box="[189,369,1710,1736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">C.M. López-Fé</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="840D9ECFFFA6AA0CFE09F9457FF3608B" box="[435,670,1710,1736]" collectionCode="MHNUSC-Bry" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">MHNUSC-Bry 708</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF50F91B7F1E6149" blockId="2.[189,1398,1775,1873]" box="[234,627,1775,1802]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF50F91B7F1E6149" bold="true" box="[234,627,1775,1802]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<typeStatus id="0B108816FFA6AA0CFF50F91B7C316149" box="[234,348,1776,1802]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA6AA0CFE3EF9047F1E6149" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[388,627,1775,1802]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFE3EF9047F1E6149" bold="true" box="[388,627,1775,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Arbopercula tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07F8F87F036113" blockId="2.[189,1398,1775,1873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="64C33CE9FFA6AA0CFF07F8F87F076113" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4167731319" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Hincks" country="NORTH AMERICA" location="Florida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="NHMUK 1899.5.1.648" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFA6AA0CFF07F8F87CC0616E" box="[189,429,1811,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">NORTH AMERICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="C2ADFD3DFFA6AA0CFE73F8F87F5D616E" box="[457,560,1811,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">1 colony</specimenCount>
|
||
on algae;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="166FF856FFA6AA0CFD14F8F87E6A616E" box="[686,775,1811,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
; coordinates unknown; depth unknown date;
|
||
<collectorName id="795E5362FFA6AA0CFA99F8F8781B616E" box="[1315,1398,1811,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Hincks</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="840D9ECFFFA6AA0CFF42F8DD7F656112" box="[248,520,1846,1873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">NHMUK 1899.5.1.648</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA6AA0CFDA2F8DD7F0C6113" box="[536,609,1846,1872]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[188,231,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1350,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-472@6.[189,1398,1350,1848]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Arbopercula tenella (Hincks, 1880), holotype (NHMUK 1899.5.1.648), Florida (USA). A. View of colony. Note the autozooids with well-developed proximal cryptocyst and gymnocystal processes. B. Autozooid with multiporous rosette-plates in basal corners of distal wall. (Photos by M.E. Spencer Jones)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205418/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF50F89C7FD061D1" blockId="2.[189,1398,1911,2008]" box="[234,701,1911,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFF50F89C7FD061D1" bold="true" box="[234,701,1911,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Other material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA6AA0CFE77F89C7FD061D1" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[461,701,1911,1938]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA6AA0CFE77F89C7FD061D1" bold="true" box="[461,701,1911,1938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Arbopercula tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA6AA0CFF07F870797E619B" blockId="2.[189,1398,1911,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="64C33CE9FFA6AA0CFF07F8707962619B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4167731315" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="L. W. Hutchins" country="NORTH AMERICA" location="Miami Beach" municipality="Biscayne Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="NHMUK 1947.2.4.1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFA6AA0CFF07F8707CDC61F6" box="[189,433,1947,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">NORTH AMERICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
• several colonies on glass;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="166FF856FFA6AA0CFCADF8717E0261F7" box="[791,879,1946,1972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3470ACCEFFA6AA0CFCC5F871794A61F6" box="[895,1063,1946,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Biscayne Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D174606FFFA6AA0CFB82F87179B261F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C0287A2FFA6AA06FD97FE7B7C54636C:D174606FFFA6AA0CFB82F87179B261F7" box="[1080,1247,1946,1972]" country="NORTH AMERICA" municipality="Biscayne Bay" name="Miami Beach" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Florida">Miami Beach</location>
|
||
; coordinates unkown; depth unkown; 1945;
|
||
<collectorName id="795E5362FFA6AA0CFD96F8557FBA619B" box="[556,727,1982,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">L.W. Hutchins</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="840D9ECFFFA6AA0CFCA2F8557962619B" box="[792,1039,1982,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">NHMUK 1947.2.4.1</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="80D4663CFFA7AA0DFF07FEE27E236705" ID-Table-UUID="80D4663CFFA7AA0DFF07FEE27E236705" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/80D4663CFFA7AA0DFF07FEE27E236705" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" startId="3.[189,259,265,291]" targetBox="[258,1313,367,561]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA7AA0DFF07FEE27E236705" blockId="3.[189,1399,265,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFF07FEE27C4E6760" bold="true" box="[189,291,265,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in mm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA7AA0DFDCBFEE27E1B6760" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[625,886,265,291]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFDCBFEE27E1B6760" box="[625,886,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Arbopercula angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (NHMD-77254). Abbreviations: N = number of measurements; SD = standard deviation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA7AA0DFDC5FE84784C6473" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<table id="A6ABC414FFA755F1FEB8FE84784C6472" box="[258,1313,367,561]" colsContinueIn="10.[289,1280,377,826]" gridcols="6" gridrows="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<tr id="6A9B34F6FFA755F1FEB8FE84784C67CA" box="[258,1313,367,393]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FDC5FE847FAA67CA" box="[639,711,367,393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFDC5FE847FAA67CA" bold="true" box="[639,711,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Mean</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FC9BFE847E1F67CA" box="[801,882,367,393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFC8DFE847E3167CA" bold="true" box="[823,860,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">SD</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FC0BFE84794367CA" box="[945,1070,367,393]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFC0BFE84794367CA" bold="true" box="[945,1070,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Minimum</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FBEFFE8479BA67CA" box="[1109,1239,367,393]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFBEFFE8479BA67CA" bold="true" box="[1109,1239,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Maximum</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FABEFE84784C67CA" box="[1284,1313,367,393]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFAB2FE84787067CA" bold="true" box="[1288,1309,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">N</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6A9B34F6FFA755F1FEB8FE72784C67F7" box="[258,1313,409,436]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FEB8FE727CA367F7" box="[258,462,409,436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Autozooid length</th>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FDC5FE727FAA67F7" box="[639,711,409,436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.528</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FC9BFE727E1F67F7" box="[801,882,409,436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.0455</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FC0BFE72794367F7" box="[945,1070,409,436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.450</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FBEFFE7279BA67F7" box="[1109,1239,409,436]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.676</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FABEFE72784C67F7" box="[1284,1313,409,436]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">46</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6A9B34F6FFA755F1FEB8FE28784C679E" box="[258,1313,451,477]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FEB8FE287CA3679E" box="[258,462,451,477]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Autozooid width</th>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FDC5FE287FAA679E" box="[639,711,451,477]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.274</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FC9BFE287E1F679E" box="[801,882,451,477]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.0271</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FC0BFE287943679E" box="[945,1070,451,477]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.216</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FBEFFE2879BA679E" box="[1109,1239,451,477]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.349</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FABEFE28784C679E" box="[1284,1313,451,477]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">46</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6A9B34F6FFA755F1FEB8FE07784C6445" box="[258,1313,492,518]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FEB8FE077CA36445" box="[258,462,492,518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Opesia length</th>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FDC5FE077FAA6445" box="[639,711,492,518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.408</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FC9BFE077E1F6445" box="[801,882,492,518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.0324</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FC0BFE0779436445" box="[945,1070,492,518]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.343</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FBEFFE0779BA6445" box="[1109,1239,492,518]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.491</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FABEFE07784C6445" box="[1284,1313,492,518]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">46</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6A9B34F6FFA755F1FEB8FDFD784C6472" box="[258,1313,534,561]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FEB8FDFD7CA36472" box="[258,462,534,561]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Opesia width</th>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FDC5FDFD7FAA6472" box="[639,711,534,561]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.222</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FC9BFDFD7E1F6472" box="[801,882,534,561]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.0257</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FC0BFDFD79436472" box="[945,1070,534,561]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.177</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FBEFFDFD79BA6472" box="[1109,1239,534,561]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.296</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA755F1FABEFDFD784C6472" box="[1284,1313,534,561]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">46</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9CB1653FFFA7AA0BFF07FD957F2864B5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA7AA0DFF07FD957C2364DB" blockId="3.[189,334,638,664]" box="[189,334,638,664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<heading id="8F5C81D8FFA7AA0DFF07FD957C2364DB" bold="true" box="[189,334,638,664]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFF07FD957C2364DB" bold="true" box="[189,334,638,664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA7AA0BFF07FD467F2864B5" blockId="3.[188,1399,685,923]" lastBlockId="5.[189,1399,626,758]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar or occasionally multilaminar, forming extensive crusts that cover the substrate on which they grow. Autozooids elongate oval or rectangular, arranged in series, separated by shallow grooves. Distal wall generally ascending towards the frontal surface and angularly bent from side to side or arch-like. Gymnocyst reduced to the proximal region. Two (rarely three) conical, hollow processes, generally open at the end, developed on the proximal gymnocyst, half-way between the central line and the lateral margins. These processes may sometimes be rudimentary or even absent in large parts of the colony. The first zooid in each of both series after bifurcation bears a single median process. Cryptocyst granular, poorly developed, absent at the distal end of the opesia, somewhat more evident at its proximal end, leaving an extensive, oval opesia. Communication via two rather large, multiporous rosette-plates situated in the basal corners of the distal wall. The distal half of each lateral wall has a single multiporous rosette-plate. Oral spines absent. The development of marginal spines shows great differences. Some zooids bear up to 8 pairs of marginal spines, not very thick, somewhat flattened, recurved on the opesia, reaching the middle of the area or even surpassing it, but in general the spines are smaller and fewer, and many zooids are completely spineless. There are no ovicells or avicularia. Irregular intercalary kenozooids, small, scattered, filling gaps between autozooids. Ancestrula unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="80D4663CFFA7AA0DFF07F88F7CBE61AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8205410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205410/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" startId="3.[189,232,1892,1918]" targetBox="[189,1397,989,1850]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA7AA0DFF07F88F7CBE61AA" blockId="3.[189,1398,1892,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFF07F88F7C79613C" bold="true" box="[189,276,1892,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA7AA0DFE99F88E7E7F613C" authority="(Levinsen, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[291,786,1893,1919]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFE99F88E7F43613C" box="[291,558,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Arbopercula angulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA7AA0DFDFCF88E7E64613C" author="Levinsen" box="[582,777,1893,1919]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (NHMD-77254), Koh Samet (Gulf of Thailand).
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFEFBF8637C3B61E1" bold="true" box="[321,342,1928,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Autozooids with well-developed spines and gymnocystal processes.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFB1DF86379B361E1" bold="true" box="[1191,1246,1928,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">B–C</emphasis>
|
||
. Autozooids with fewer, poorly developed spines and gymnocystal processes.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA7AA0DFC60F8407E826186" bold="true" box="[986,1007,1963,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Autozooids without spines and gymnocystal processes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="80D4663CFFA0AA0AFF05F88F7E3161AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8205412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205412/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" startId="4.[191,234,1892,1918]" targetBox="[189,1398,521,1850]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA0AA0AFF05F88F7E3161AA" blockId="4.[189,1399,1892,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA0AA0AFF05F88F7C7E613C" bold="true" box="[191,275,1892,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA0AA0AFEA4F88E7E6F613C" authority="(Levinsen, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[286,770,1893,1919]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA0AA0AFEA4F88E7F4A613C" box="[286,551,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Arbopercula angulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA0AA0AFD86F88E7F97613C" author="Levinsen" box="[572,762,1893,1919]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands).
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA0AA0AFF07F8637D9861E1" bold="true" box="[189,245,1928,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
. View of part of large colony on plastic.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA0AA0AFD5AF8637E7B61E1" bold="true" box="[736,790,1928,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">C–E</emphasis>
|
||
. Autozooids with fewer and less-developed spines.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA0AA0AFF04F8407DA26186" bold="true" box="[190,207,1963,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA0AA0AFBC6F84079FE6186" bold="true" box="[1148,1171,1963,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Autozooids of the growing margin with developing gymnocystal processes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="80D4663CFFA1AA0BFF05FEE27E746705" ID-Table-UUID="80D4663CFFA1AA0BFF05FEE27E746705" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/80D4663CFFA1AA0BFF05FEE27E746705" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" startId="5.[191,261,265,291]" targetBox="[258,1313,367,560]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA1AA0BFF05FEE27E746705" blockId="5.[189,1399,265,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFF05FEE27C486760" bold="true" box="[191,293,265,291]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in mm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA1AA0BFDCBFEE27E1A6760" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[625,887,265,291]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFDCBFEE27E1A6760" box="[625,887,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Arbopercula angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MHNUSC-Bry 643). Abbreviations: N = number of measurements; SD = standard deviation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA1AA0BFDC5FE84784C6473" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<table id="A6ABC414FFA155F1FEB8FE84784C6473" box="[258,1313,367,560]" colsContinueIn="10.[289,1280,377,826]" gridcols="6" gridrows="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<tr id="6A9B34F6FFA155F1FEB8FE84784C67CA" box="[258,1313,367,393]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FDC5FE847FAA67CA" box="[639,711,367,393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFDC5FE847FAA67CA" bold="true" box="[639,711,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Mean</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FC9BFE847E1F67CA" box="[801,882,367,393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFC8DFE847E3167CA" bold="true" box="[823,860,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">SD</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FC0BFE84794367CA" box="[945,1070,367,393]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFC0BFE84794367CA" bold="true" box="[945,1070,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Minimum</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FBEFFE8479BA67CA" box="[1109,1239,367,393]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFBEFFE8479BA67CA" bold="true" box="[1109,1239,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Maximum</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FABEFE84784C67CA" box="[1284,1313,367,393]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFAB2FE84787067CA" bold="true" box="[1288,1309,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">N</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6A9B34F6FFA155F1FEB8FE72784C67F7" box="[258,1313,409,436]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FEB8FE727CA367F7" box="[258,462,409,436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Autozooid length</th>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FDC5FE727FAA67F7" box="[639,711,409,436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.578</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FC9BFE727E1F67F7" box="[801,882,409,436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.0585</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FC0BFE72794367F7" box="[945,1070,409,436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.500</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FBEFFE7279BA67F7" box="[1109,1239,409,436]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.712</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FABEFE72784C67F7" box="[1284,1313,409,436]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6A9B34F6FFA155F1FEB8FE28784C679E" box="[258,1313,451,477]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FEB8FE287CA3679E" box="[258,462,451,477]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Autozooid width</th>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FDC5FE287FAA679E" box="[639,711,451,477]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.279</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FC9BFE287E1F679E" box="[801,882,451,477]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.0424</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FC0BFE287943679E" box="[945,1070,451,477]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.216</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FBEFFE2879BA679E" box="[1109,1239,451,477]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.384</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FABEFE28784C679E" box="[1284,1313,451,477]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6A9B34F6FFA155F1FEB8FE07784C6444" box="[258,1313,492,519]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FEB8FE077CA36444" box="[258,462,492,519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Opesia length</th>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FDC5FE077FAA6444" box="[639,711,492,519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.485</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FC9BFE077E1F6444" box="[801,882,492,519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.0393</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FC0BFE0779436444" box="[945,1070,492,519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.405</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FBEFFE0779BA6444" box="[1109,1239,492,519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.578</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FABEFE07784C6444" box="[1284,1313,492,519]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6A9B34F6FFA155F1FEB8FDFD784C6473" box="[258,1313,534,560]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FEB8FDFD7CA36473" box="[258,462,534,560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Opesia width</th>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FDC5FDFD7FAA6473" box="[639,711,534,560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.234</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FC9BFDFD7E1F6473" box="[801,882,534,560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.0370</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FC0BFDFD79436473" box="[945,1070,534,560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.178</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FBEFFDFD79BA6473" box="[1109,1239,534,560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">0.324</td>
|
||
<td id="294A5D8AFFA155F1FABEFDFD784C6473" box="[1284,1313,534,560]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9CB1653FFFA1AA06FF07FCF67C54636C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA1AA0BFF07FCF67C426574" blockId="5.[189,303,797,823]" box="[189,303,797,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<heading id="8F5C81D8FFA1AA0BFF07FCF67C426574" bold="true" box="[189,303,797,823]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFF07FCF67C426574" bold="true" box="[189,303,797,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA1AA08FF07FCA77C286570" blockId="5.[189,1399,844,976]" lastBlockId="6.[188,1400,265,819]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA1AA0BFF07FCA77CE86525" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[189,389,844,870]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFF07FCA77CE86525" box="[189,389,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Electra angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA1AA0BFD5FFCA77EC56525" author="Levinsen" box="[741,936,844,870]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from colonies collected on a ligneous core floating near Koh Samit,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFA1AA0BFD99FC847F3265CA" box="[547,607,879,905]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Siam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Ko Samet,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFA1AA0BFD4CFC847E0965CA" box="[758,868,879,905]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The description is very clear and complete, but not so the only drawing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA1AA0BFD9CFC797FB065EF" author="Levinsen" box="[550,733,914,940]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 22 fig. 4a), which provides no information on the variability of the species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA1AA0BFE48FC5E7F986593" author="Levinsen" box="[498,757,949,976]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" page="149" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen (1909: 149)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, clearly stated that “The best provided ones [autozooids], which in the colonies examined are in a great minority, have on the margin 12 not very thick spines, which reach the middle of the area or even surpass it. A larger or smaller number of them is however often wanting, and many zooecia are altogether without spines. On the proximal gymnocyst we find in most zooecia 2 (more rarely a single median and still more seldom 3) short, thick, conical spines, generally open at the end, which are situated half-way between the central line and the lateral margins. These spines may sometimes be rudimentary, and in many zooecia (with or without marginal spines) they are absent”. On page 156 of the same paper, it is also stated that “Here we may find in the same colony some zooecia, which are entirely without spines, and others provided with a larger number of these structures.” It is clear then that according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA2AA08FC84FDC9796D647E" author="Levinsen" box="[830,1024,546,573]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the zooids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA2AA08FB08FDC87851647F" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1202,1340,546,572]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FB08FDC87851647F" box="[1202,1340,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have spines and gymnocystal processes at the same time, or only processes, or only spines, or even none of them, and both processes and spines may be very variably developed. We have been able to verify all this variation both in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0B108816FFA2AA08FE5DFD667F7764E4" box="[487,538,653,679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA2AA08FD16FD667E5B64E5" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[684,822,652,678]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FD16FD667E5B64E5" box="[684,822,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMD-77254 and
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA2AA08FB95FD67791F64E5" box="[1071,1138,652,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,989,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-190@3.[189,1398,989,1850]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909), holotype (NHMD-77254), Koh Samet (Gulf of Thailand). A. Autozooids with well-developed spines and gymnocystal processes. B–C. Autozooids with fewer, poorly developed spines and gymnocystal processes. D. Autozooids without spines and gymnocystal processes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205410/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), in our own material from the Mediterranean and the Strait of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFA2AA08FD2DFD447E6C648A" box="[663,769,687,713]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(MHNUSC-Bry 643, 708) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA2AA08FBF2FD4479DF648A" box="[1096,1202,687,713]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionStartId-1="5.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,521,1850]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetId-0="figure-95@4.[189,1398,511,1850]" captionTargetId-1="figure-195@5.[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A–B. View of part of large colony on plastic. C–E. Autozooids with fewer and less-developed spines. F. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids. G. Autozooids of the growing margin with developing gymnocystal processes." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A. Autozooids with well-developed spines and gymnocystal processes. B. Multiporous rosette-plates. C. Spineless autozooids. D. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205412" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205414" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8205412/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8205414/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
), and in different museum samples (see Material examined above). Nonetheless, later authors have apparantly incorrectly considered that only the presence of spines (as well as gymnocystal processes) is a typical character of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="80D4663CFFA1AA0BFF07F889781A6180" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205414" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8205414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205414/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" startId="5.[189,232,1890,1916]" targetBox="[189,1398,1039,1846]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA1AA0BFF07F889781A6180" blockId="5.[189,1399,1890,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFF07F8897C7C613F" bold="true" box="[189,273,1890,1916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA1AA0BFEA4F8897E6F613E" authority="(Levinsen, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[286,770,1890,1917]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFEA4F8897F4A613F" box="[286,551,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Arbopercula angulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA1AA0BFD86F8897F97613E" author="Levinsen" box="[572,762,1890,1917]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands).
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFF07F86E7DBF61DC" bold="true" box="[189,210,1925,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Autozooids with well-developed spines and gymnocystal processes.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFBACF86D794561E3" bold="true" box="[1046,1064,1926,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Multiporous rosette-plates.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFF05F8427DBF6180" bold="true" box="[191,210,1961,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Spineless autozooids.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA1AA0BFE65F8427C996180" bold="true" box="[479,500,1961,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA2AA08FF07FCB17EBC659D" blockId="6.[189,1400,858,991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The species also has a marked tendency to form multilaminar colonies due to the overgrowth of some layers over others (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA2AA08FE18FC957C9365DB" box="[418,510,894,920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,521,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[189,1398,511,1850]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A–B. View of part of large colony on plastic. C–E. Autozooids with fewer and less-developed spines. F. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids. G. Autozooids of the growing margin with developing gymnocystal processes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205412/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA2AA08FDB1FC957F5E65DB" box="[523,563,894,920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-195@5.[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A. Autozooids with well-developed spines and gymnocystal processes. B. Multiporous rosette-plates. C. Spineless autozooids. D. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205414/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). This does not seem to have been pointed out by other authors, but is clearly visible in our own material, a large colony on plastic debris (MHNUSC-Bry 643) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA2AA08FB53FC4A780765F8" box="[1257,1386,929,955]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,521,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[189,1398,511,1850]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A–B. View of part of large colony on plastic. C–E. Autozooids with fewer and less-developed spines. F. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids. G. Autozooids of the growing margin with developing gymnocystal processes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205412/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The upper layers are often spineless to a great extent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA2AA08FC8CFC2F7EFC659D" box="[822,913,964,990]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,521,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[189,1398,511,1850]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A–B. View of part of large colony on plastic. C–E. Autozooids with fewer and less-developed spines. F. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids. G. Autozooids of the growing margin with developing gymnocystal processes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205412/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA2AA08FC27FC2F7EA9659D" box="[925,964,964,990]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-195@5.[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A. Autozooids with well-developed spines and gymnocystal processes. B. Multiporous rosette-plates. C. Spineless autozooids. D. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205414/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA2AA09FF07FBEE7E4067CE" blockId="6.[189,1399,1029,1267]" lastBlockId="7.[189,1399,265,397]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA2AA08FF07FBEE7F026263" authority="Hincks, 1880" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1880" box="[189,623,1029,1056]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FF07FBEE7CA5625C" box="[189,456,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Membranipora tenella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA2AA08FE6AFBEE7F026263" author="Hincks" box="[464,623,1029,1056]" firstAuthor="Hincks" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" pagination="376 - 384" refId="ref15513" refString="Hincks T. 1880. Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. Part II cont. Foreign Membraniporina (continued). Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 5 6: 376 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938009458955" type="journal article" year="1880">Hincks, 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been subject to misinterpretation and even considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA2AA08FEF4FBC27CBB6200" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[334,470,1065,1091]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FEF4FBC27CBB6200" box="[334,470,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or at least misidentified (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA2AA08FC82FBC27EB86200" author="Marcus" box="[824,981,1065,1091]" firstAuthor="Marcus" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" pagination="5 - 224" refId="ref16194" refString="Marcus E. 1937. Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de filosofia, ciencias e letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 1: 5 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1937.113912" type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA2AA08FC5BFBC2790F6200" author="Silen" box="[993,1122,1065,1091]" firstAuthor="Silen" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref17737" refString="Silen L. 1941. Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi 33 A: 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA2AA08FBD4FBC2784E6200" author="Mawatari" box="[1134,1315,1065,1091]" firstAuthor="Mawatari" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" pagination="17 - 52" refId="ref16244" refString="Mawatari S. 1974. Studies on Japanese anascan Bryozoa. 3. Division Malacostega (1). Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo 17 (1): 17 - 52." type="journal article" year="1974">Mawatari 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA2AA08FA95FBC27D966225" author="Rosso" firstAuthor="Rosso" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" pagination="241 - 251" refId="ref17557" refString="Rosso A. 1994. Segnalazione di Electra tenella (Hincks) (Bryozoa) lungo le coste sud-orientali della Sicilia. Bollettino dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, Catania 27: 241 - 251." type="journal article" year="1994">Rosso 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA2AA08FEB6FBA77F386225" author="Subias-Baratau" box="[268,597,1100,1126]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Subias-Baratau" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref18070" refString="Subias-Baratau A., Sanchez-Vidal A., Di Martino E. & Figuerola B. 2022. Marine biofouling organisms on beached, buoyant and benthic plastic debris in the Catalan Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 175: 113405: 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marpolbul. 2022.113405" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Subías-Baratau
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FE70FBA67F6F6225" box="[458,514,1100,1126]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, as already stated about twenty years ago by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA2AA08FAABFBA77C3862CA" author="Tilbrook" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tilbrook" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref18452" refString="Tilbrook K. J., Hayward P. J. & Gordon D. P. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131 (1): 35 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 2000.0249" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Tilbrook
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FF07FB9B7D9E62CA" box="[189,243,1135,1161]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, they are clearly separate species. These authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA2AA08FC0AFB8479B862CA" author="Tilbrook" box="[944,1237,1135,1162]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tilbrook" page="40" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref18452" refString="Tilbrook K. J., Hayward P. J. & Gordon D. P. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131 (1): 35 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 2000.0249" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Tilbrook
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FB9BFB9B793562CA" box="[1057,1112,1135,1161]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001: 40
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) first pointed out as a difference that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA2AA08FE61FB787F3962EF" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1880" box="[475,596,1170,1196]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FE61FB787F3962EF" box="[475,596,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">M. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDEC57DDFFA2AA08FDE1FB787F8362EF" box="[603,750,1170,1197]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
bears no marginal spines (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA2AA08FBD8FB7979C662EF" box="[1122,1195,1170,1196]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[188,231,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1350,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-472@6.[189,1398,1350,1848]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Arbopercula tenella (Hincks, 1880), holotype (NHMUK 1899.5.1.648), Florida (USA). A. View of colony. Note the autozooids with well-developed proximal cryptocyst and gymnocystal processes. B. Autozooid with multiporous rosette-plates in basal corners of distal wall. (Photos by M.E. Spencer Jones)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205418/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), but as we have already demonstrated (see above), zooids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA2AA08FD6AFB5D7E34628C" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[720,857,1205,1231]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FD6AFB5D7E34628C" box="[720,857,1205,1231]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually lack them.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA2AA08FBFBFB5E782C6293" author="Tilbrook" box="[1089,1345,1205,1232]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tilbrook" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref18452" refString="Tilbrook K. J., Hayward P. J. & Gordon D. P. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131 (1): 35 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 2000.0249" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Tilbrook
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FB0AFB5D7989628C" box="[1200,1252,1205,1231]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did, however, accurately point out another important difference between the two species: the development of the gymnocystal processes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FDA4FEE17FF96760" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1880" box="[542,660,265,291]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FDA4FEE17FF96760" box="[542,660,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">M. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are far more robust and knob-like, occupying a greater area of the gymnocyst (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA3AA09FE65FEC77F2C6705" box="[479,577,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[188,231,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1350,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-472@6.[189,1398,1350,1848]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Arbopercula tenella (Hincks, 1880), holotype (NHMUK 1899.5.1.648), Florida (USA). A. View of colony. Note the autozooids with well-developed proximal cryptocyst and gymnocystal processes. B. Autozooid with multiporous rosette-plates in basal corners of distal wall. (Photos by M.E. Spencer Jones)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205418/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Importantly, the revision of
|
||
<typeStatus id="0B108816FFA3AA09FC14FEC67E8C6704" box="[942,993,301,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FBC3FEC6799E6705" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1880" box="[1145,1267,300,326]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FBC3FEC6799E6705" box="[1145,1267,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">M. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMUK 1899.5.1.684,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA3AA09FEDDFEA47CC06729" box="[359,429,335,362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[188,231,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1350,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-472@6.[189,1398,1350,1848]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Arbopercula tenella (Hincks, 1880), holotype (NHMUK 1899.5.1.648), Florida (USA). A. View of colony. Note the autozooids with well-developed proximal cryptocyst and gymnocystal processes. B. Autozooid with multiporous rosette-plates in basal corners of distal wall. (Photos by M.E. Spencer Jones)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205418/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows that the proximal cryptocyst is characteristically much more developed in this species than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FE19FE987F4667CF" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[419,555,370,396]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FE19FE987F4667CF" box="[419,555,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA3AA09FDD3FE997F8167CE" box="[617,748,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-195@5.[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A. Autozooids with well-developed spines and gymnocystal processes. B. Multiporous rosette-plates. C. Spineless autozooids. D. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205414/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Figs 3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFA3AA09FD42FE987E4D67CE" box="[760,800,371,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[188,231,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1350,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-472@6.[189,1398,1350,1848]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Arbopercula tenella (Hincks, 1880), holotype (NHMUK 1899.5.1.648), Florida (USA). A. View of colony. Note the autozooids with well-developed proximal cryptocyst and gymnocystal processes. B. Autozooid with multiporous rosette-plates in basal corners of distal wall. (Photos by M.E. Spencer Jones)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205418/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="80D4663CFFA2AA08FF06F88F7C7C61AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8205418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205418/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" startId="6.[188,231,1892,1918]" targetBox="[189,1398,1350,1848]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA2AA08FF06F88F7C7C61AB" blockId="6.[188,1399,1892,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FF06F88F7C67613C" bold="true" box="[188,266,1892,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA2AA08FEA8F88E7FD8613C" authority="(Hincks, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[274,693,1893,1919]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FEA8F88E7C91613C" box="[274,508,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Arbopercula tenella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA2AA08FDB0F88E7FC1613C" author="Hincks" box="[522,684,1893,1919]" firstAuthor="Hincks" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" pagination="376 - 384" refId="ref15513" refString="Hincks T. 1880. Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. Part II cont. Foreign Membraniporina (continued). Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 5 6: 376 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938009458955" type="journal article" year="1880">Hincks, 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (NHMUK 1899.5.1.648), Florida (USA).
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FAAFF88F7847613D" bold="true" box="[1301,1322,1892,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
|
||
. View of colony. Note the autozooids with well-developed proximal cryptocyst and gymnocystal processes.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA2AA08FF05F8407DBD6186" bold="true" box="[191,208,1963,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Autozooid with multiporous rosette-plates in basal corners of distal wall. (Photos by M.E. Spencer Jones).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA3AA09FF07FE5F7C54643C" blockId="7.[189,1401,436,639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
The resemblance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FE0BFE5E7F56678D" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[433,571,436,462]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FE0BFE5E7F56678D" box="[433,571,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FD3BFE5F782D678D" authority="Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon, 2001" authorityName="Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon" authorityYear="2001" box="[641,1344,436,462]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="papillorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FD3BFE5F7EE6678D" box="[641,907,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Conopeum papillorum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FC28FE5F782D678D" author="Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon" box="[914,1344,436,462]" firstAuthor="Tilbrook" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref18452" refString="Tilbrook K. J., Hayward P. J. & Gordon D. P. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131 (1): 35 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 2000.0249" type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was already discussed in the original paper (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FD1BFE3C7EA867B2" author="Tilbrook" box="[673,965,471,498]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tilbrook" page="40" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref18452" refString="Tilbrook K. J., Hayward P. J. & Gordon D. P. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131 (1): 35 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 2000.0249" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Tilbrook
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FCABFE337E2567B2" box="[785,840,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001: 40
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and we have nothing more to add. Finally, material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FE11FE107F5B6457" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[427,566,506,532]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FE11FE107F5B6457" box="[427,566,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also considered as a new species (named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FBD2FE1178216457" box="[1128,1356,506,532]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="inexpectata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FBD2FE1178216457" box="[1128,1356,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Electra inexpectata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the unpublished PhD by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FE5AFDF57E70647B" author="Lopez de la Cuadra" box="[480,797,542,568]" firstAuthor="Lopez de la Cuadra" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" refId="ref15937" refString="Lopez de la Cuadra C. M. 1991. Estudio Sistematico de los Briozoos Queilostomados (Bryozoa: Cheilostomida) del Estrecho de Gibraltar y Areas Proximas. Unpublished PhD thesis, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain." type="book" year="1991">López de la Cuadra (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but this species was not formally published. It was reported later from the Strait of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFA3AA09FD96FDAA7FFB6418" box="[556,662,577,603]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
|
||
area by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FD4CFDAA79966418" author="Lopez de la Cuadra & Garcia-Gomez" box="[758,1275,577,603]" firstAuthor="Lopez de la Cuadra" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="107 - 112" refId="ref16012" refString="Lopez de la Cuadra C. M. & Garcia-Gomez J. C. 1994. Zoogeographical study of the Cheilostomatida from the Straits of Gibraltar. In: Hayward P. J., Ryland J. S. & Taylor P. D. (eds) Biology and Palaeobiology of Bryozoans: 107 - 112. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark." type="book chapter" year="1994">López de la Cuadra & García-Gómez (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FAA5FDAA7C5F643D" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FAA5FDAA78186418" box="[1311,1397,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Electra</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FF58FD8F7C5F643D" box="[226,306,612,638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA3AA09FF07FD4E7C166225" blockId="7.[189,1400,677,1126]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
The systematic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FDAAFD4D7FF364FC" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[528,670,677,703]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FDAAFD4D7FF364FC" box="[528,670,677,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been subject of discussion ever since its original description.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FEE8FD227F7B64A0" author="Levinsen" box="[338,534,713,739]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed the species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FC91FD227EEC64A0" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1816" box="[811,897,713,739]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FC91FD227EEC64A0" box="[811,897,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Electra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with some reservations, closely allied to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FF07FD077F006544" authority="(Busk, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[189,621,748,775]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="monostachys">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FF07FD077CD76545" box="[189,442,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Electra monostachys</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FE6BFD077F096544" author="Busk" box="[465,612,748,775]" firstAuthor="Busk" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" refId="ref14590" refString="Busk G. 1854. Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British Museum, II. Cheilostomata (part). Trustees of the British Museum, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20859" type="book" year="1854">Busk, 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This position was also accepted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FBF6FD07786A6545" author="Harmer" box="[1100,1287,748,774]" firstAuthor="Harmer" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="183 - 501" refId="ref15346" refString="Harmer S. F. 1926. The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, 2. Cheilostomata Anasca. Siboga Expedition Reports 28 b: 183 - 501." type="journal article" year="1926">Harmer (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. But the original author himself (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FE65FCE47FA3656A" author="Levinsen" box="[479,718,783,809]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" page="160" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen 1909: 160</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) also related his new species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FBEDFCE47CAB650E" authority="(Landsborough, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Landsborough" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Aspidelectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="melolontha">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FBEDFCE47815656A" box="[1111,1400,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Aspidelectra melolontha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FF7FFCD97CD0650E" author="Landsborough" box="[197,445,818,845]" firstAuthor="Landsborough" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" refId="ref15863" refString="Landsborough D. 1852. A Popular History of British Zoophytes, or Corallines. Reeve and Co., London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19828" type="book" year="1852">Landsborough, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0B108816FFA3AA09FE41FCD87F43650E" box="[507,558,819,845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species and, at that time, the only species of his new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FB5BFCD97C146533" authority="Levinsen, 1909" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Aspidelectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FB5BFCD97818650F" box="[1249,1397,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Aspidelectra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FF07FCBE7C146533" author="Levinsen" box="[189,377,853,880]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Indeed, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FDB7FCBE7FBF6533" author="Levinsen" box="[525,722,853,880]" firstAuthor="Levinsen" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" refId="ref15899" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1909. Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Nationale Forfatterers Forlag, Copenhagen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5690" type="book" year="1909">Levinsen (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated, both species share an angularly bent distal wall with a multiporous rosette-plate in each of the two basal corners, and 1–2 gymnocystal processes. These processes somehow replace the oral spines, absent in both species. Note that, for this reason,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FF07FC547FF0659A" authority="(Kirkpatrick, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Kirkpatrick" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[189,669,959,985]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Aspidelectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="defensa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FF07FC547CDF659A" box="[189,434,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Aspidelectra defensa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FE7BFC547FF9659A" author="Kirkpatrick" box="[449,660,959,985]" firstAuthor="Kirkpatrick" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="72 - 85" refId="ref15790" refString="Kirkpatrick R. 1888. Polyzoa of Mauritius. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6 1: 72 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938809460685" type="journal article" year="1888">Kirkpatrick, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FD6FFC547914659A" authority="Cook, 1968" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1968" box="[725,1145,959,985]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Aspidelectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="densuense">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FD6FFC547E87659A" box="[725,1002,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Aspidelectra densuense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FC4AFC547914659A" author="Cook" box="[1008,1145,959,985]" firstAuthor="Cook" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="113 - 160" refId="ref14699" refString="Cook P. L. 1968. Polyzoa from West Africa. The Malacostega, Part 1. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 16: 113 - 160. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 26204560 [accessed 19 Feb. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1968">Cook, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot remain in this genus because they do have true oral spines and lack gymnocystal proximal processes. This requires further discussion, which is beyond the scope of the present work. Anyway, in our opinion
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FB54FBED781B625C" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1262,1398,1029,1055]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FB54FBED781B625C" box="[1262,1398,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be placed in this genus either because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FD6DFBC27E066200" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[727,875,1065,1091]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Aspidelectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FD6DFBC27E066200" box="[727,875,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Aspidelectra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by a frontal shield of fused, flattened spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA3AA09FF07FB657F5862AD" blockId="7.[189,1399,1165,1262]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FEF0FB657CAF62E4" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[330,450,1165,1191]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FEF0FB657CAF62E4" box="[330,450,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">M. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was firstly placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FD04FB667E8262E4" authority="Lamouroux, 1816" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1816" box="[702,1007,1165,1192]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FD04FB667E7962E4" box="[702,788,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Electra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FCA6FB657E8262E4" author="Lamouroux" box="[796,1007,1165,1192]" firstAuthor="Lamouroux" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" refId="ref15824" refString="Lamouroux J. V. F. 1816. Histoire des polypiers Coralligenes Flexibles, vulgairement nommes Zoophytes. F. Poisson, Caen. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11172" type="book" year="1816">Lamouroux, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FBA6FB6579A062E4" author="Marcus" box="[1052,1229,1165,1192]" firstAuthor="Marcus" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="5 - 224" refId="ref16194" refString="Marcus E. 1937. Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de filosofia, ciencias e letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 1: 5 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1937.113912" type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FF04FB5B7C066289" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[190,363,1200,1226]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FF04FB5B7C066289" box="[190,363,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Electra tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was widely used by later authors, even although the species cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FB2DFB5A78286288" author="Marcus" box="[1175,1349,1201,1227]" firstAuthor="Marcus" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="5 - 224" refId="ref16194" refString="Marcus E. 1937. Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de filosofia, ciencias e letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 1: 5 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1937.113912" type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and others was actually
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FE1FFB3F7F4362AD" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[421,558,1236,1262]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FE1FFB3F7F4362AD" box="[421,558,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA3AA09FF07FAFE7E8860CC" blockId="7.[189,1400,1301,1680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FF07FAFE7C15636C" author="Nikulina" box="[189,376,1301,1327]" firstAuthor="Nikulina" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref16336" refString="Nikulina E. A. 2007. Einhornia, a new genus for electrids formerly classified as the Electra crustulenta group (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Schleswig-Holstein 69: 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2007">Nikulina (2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FE33FAFE7CA8636C" author="Nikulina" box="[393,453,1301,1327]" firstAuthor="Nikulina" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="25 - 28" refId="ref16375" refString="Nikulina E. A. 2010. Three new genera of Electridae (Bryozoa): Arbopercula, Osburnea, and Arbocuspis. Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Schleswig-Holstein 72: 25 - 28. Available from http: // www. schriften. uni-kiel. de / Band % 2072 / Nikulina. pdf [accessed 19 Feb. 2023]." type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FDABFAFE7E30636C" author="Nikulina & Schafer" box="[529,861,1301,1327]" firstAuthor="Nikulina" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="177 - 185" refId="ref16438" refString="Nikulina E. A. & Schafer P. 2008. An evaluation of the monophyly of the genus Electra Lamouroux, 1816 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) with phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal genes. In: Hageman S. J., Key M. M. Jr & Winston J. E. (eds) Bryozoan Studies 2007. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 15: 177 - 185." type="journal article" year="2008">Nikulina & Schäfer (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distributed a number of species previously attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FEE3FAD37CC26311" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1816" box="[345,431,1336,1362]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FEE3FAD37CC26311" box="[345,431,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Electra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to new genera, but these did not include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FC18FAD279406311" baseAuthorityName="Levinsen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[930,1069,1336,1362]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FC18FAD279406311" box="[930,1069,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FBD2FAD2798C6311" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1128,1249,1336,1362]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FBD2FAD2798C6311" box="[1128,1249,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">M. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FB4BFAD37C036335" author="Tilbrook & Gordon" firstAuthor="Tilbrook" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="255 - 263" refId="ref18364" refString="Tilbrook K. J. & Gordon D. P. 2015. Bryozoa from the Straits of Johor, Singapore, with the description of a new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 31: 255 - 263. Available from http: // lkcnhm. nus. edu. sg / nus / images / data / raffles _ bulletin _ of _ zoology / supplement 31 / S 31 rbz 255 - 263. pdf [accessed 19 Feb. 2023]." type="journal article" year="2015">Tilbrook & Gordon (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out some similarities of both species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FC71FAB07C6863DA" authority="(Stoliczka, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FC71FAB0799C6336" box="[971,1265,1371,1397]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Arbopercula bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FABAFAB07D9163DA" author="Stoliczka" firstAuthor="Stoliczka" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="28 - 63" refId="ref18028" refString="Stoliczka F. 1869. On the anatomy of Sagartia schilleriana and Membranipora bengalensis, a new coral and a bryozoan living in brackish water at Port Canning. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 38: 28 - 63." type="journal article" year="1869">Stoliczka, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0B108816FFA3AA09FEF2FA947C1663DA" box="[328,379,1407,1433]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FD2BFA947E8663DA" authority="Nikulina, 2010" authorityName="Nikulina" authorityYear="2010" box="[657,1003,1407,1433]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FD2BFA947E4963DA" box="[657,804,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Arbopercula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FC8BFA947E8663DA" author="Nikulina" box="[817,1003,1407,1433]" firstAuthor="Nikulina" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="25 - 28" refId="ref16375" refString="Nikulina E. A. 2010. Three new genera of Electridae (Bryozoa): Arbopercula, Osburnea, and Arbocuspis. Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Schleswig-Holstein 72: 25 - 28. Available from http: // www. schriften. uni-kiel. de / Band % 2072 / Nikulina. pdf [accessed 19 Feb. 2023]." type="journal article" year="2010">Nikulina, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they inadvertently erred in attributing both species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FE45FA497E5063FF" authority="Nikulina, 2010" authorityName="Nikulina" authorityYear="2010" box="[511,829,1442,1468]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FE45FA497FEE63FF" box="[511,643,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Arbocuspis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FD30FA497E5063FF" author="Nikulina" box="[650,829,1442,1468]" firstAuthor="Nikulina" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="25 - 28" refId="ref16375" refString="Nikulina E. A. 2010. Three new genera of Electridae (Bryozoa): Arbopercula, Osburnea, and Arbocuspis. Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Schleswig-Holstein 72: 25 - 28. Available from http: // www. schriften. uni-kiel. de / Band % 2072 / Nikulina. pdf [accessed 19 Feb. 2023]." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Nikulina,
|
||
<quantity id="13539B51FFA3AA09FCB8FA497E5063FF" box="[770,829,1442,1468]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1053999999999995" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="2010.0">2010</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their paper. This was clearly a lapsus owing to the similarity of both generic names (D.P. Gordon pers. com.).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FC6EFA2E79F1639C" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[980,1180,1477,1503]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FC6EFA2E79F1639C" box="[980,1180,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Electra angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FB63FA2D783F639C" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1241,1362,1477,1503]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FB63FA2D783F639C" box="[1241,1362,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">M. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not conform to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FEC0FA037C936041" authorityName="Nikulina" authorityYear="2010" box="[378,510,1512,1538]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FEC0FA037C936041" box="[378,510,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Arbocuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the cryptocyst in this genus is inconspicuous and spines are branching, bending across the opesia from its proximal end, forming a sort of shield. We agree with the original intention of the authors since the relationship between the three species is evident, but the inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FF04F9B87C25602F" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[190,328,1618,1644]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FF04F9B87C25602F" box="[190,328,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FE3CF9B87C92602F" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[390,511,1618,1644]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FE3CF9B87C92602F" box="[390,511,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">M. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FD92F9B97FD6602F" authorityName="Nikulina" authorityYear="2010" box="[552,699,1618,1644]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FD92F9B97FD6602F" box="[552,699,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Arbopercula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
requires modifying the diagnosis of the genus, which also contains a serious error of understanding and an important omission:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA3AA09FF07F95D7E4561C2" blockId="7.[188,1399,1718,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Firstly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FEADF95D7CC76093" authorityName="Nikulina" authorityYear="2010" box="[279,426,1718,1744]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FEADF95D7CC76093" box="[279,426,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Arbopercula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally characterized (and named) based on a pair of bifurcating, chitinous spines on the operculum, which are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FD6BF9307E3760B7" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[721,858,1754,1780]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FD6BF9307E3760B7" box="[721,858,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FC28F930796460B7" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[914,1033,1754,1780]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FC28F930796460B7" box="[914,1033,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">M. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFA3AA09FB87F931781B60B6" author="Tilbrook & Gordon" box="[1085,1398,1754,1781]" firstAuthor="Tilbrook" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" pagination="255 - 263" refId="ref18364" refString="Tilbrook K. J. & Gordon D. P. 2015. Bryozoa from the Straits of Johor, Singapore, with the description of a new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 31: 255 - 263. Available from http: // lkcnhm. nus. edu. sg / nus / images / data / raffles _ bulletin _ of _ zoology / supplement 31 / S 31 rbz 255 - 263. pdf [accessed 19 Feb. 2023]." type="journal article" year="2015">Tilbrook & Gordon (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out, however, these spines may be very small and easily overlooked. In our opinion, this character can be useful to differentiate the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0B108816FFA3AA09FD00F8CA7F806178" box="[698,749,1825,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, but not to characterize the genus, so it should be eliminated from the generic diagnosis. Otherwise, no other species could be integrated into the genus because this character is exclusive of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FDCCF88C7E4C61C3" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[630,801,1894,1921]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FDCCF88C7E4C61C3" box="[630,801,1894,1921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">A. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFA3AA06FF07F8437F97672A" blockId="7.[189,1399,1960,2022]" lastBlockId="8.[189,1399,265,361]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Secondly, the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FE40F8437FE06181" authorityName="Nikulina" authorityYear="2010" box="[506,653,1960,1986]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FE40F8437FE06181" box="[506,653,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Arbopercula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFA3AA09FCBAF8437EE96181" authorityName="Nikulina" authorityYear="2010" box="[768,900,1960,1986]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFA3AA09FCBAF8437EE96181" box="[768,900,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Arbocuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is incorrect. Both diagnoses state that the zooids exhibit a pair of distal spines, stout, conical, non-articulated, but these are really gymnocystal blunt processes (not true spines) and are located at the proximalmost end of the succeeding zooid, such as those present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FE12FEC67F3A6705" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[424,599,300,327]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FE12FEC67F3A6705" box="[424,599,300,327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">A. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FDD2FEC67F9E6705" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[616,755,300,326]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FDD2FEC67F9E6705" box="[616,755,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FC89FEC67EC06705" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[819,941,300,326]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FC89FEC67EC06705" box="[819,941,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">M. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(but also in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FBF1FEC6799E6705" baseAuthorityName="Landsborough" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1099,1267,300,327]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Aspidelectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="melolontha">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FBF1FEC6799E6705" box="[1099,1267,300,327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">A. melolontha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), probably replacing the oral spines, absent in these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFACAA06FF07FE7A7C16678D" blockId="8.[187,1398,401,462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Thirdly, the absence of marginal spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FD19FE797E7567E8" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[675,792,401,427]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FD19FE797E7567E8" box="[675,792,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">M. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in many zooids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FB98FE7979C467E8" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1058,1193,401,427]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FB98FE7979C467E8" box="[1058,1193,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be included in the diagnosis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFACAA06FF07FE1E79F66439" blockId="8.[188,1401,501,634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Finally, unfortunately no information was provided about the interzooidal communication pores of both genera. We have no information about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FD2FFDF27E2D6470" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[661,832,537,563]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FD2FFDF27E2D6470" box="[661,832,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">A. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FC38FDF279606470" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[898,1037,537,563]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FC38FDF279606470" box="[898,1037,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">E. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FBF1FDF279A86470" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1099,1221,537,563]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FBF1FDF279A86470" box="[1099,1221,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">M. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have on either side a rather large, multiporous rosette-plate situated in one of the basal corners of the distal wall. In our opionion this must be also incorporated into the diagnosis of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FBBBFDB479F9643A" authorityName="Nikulina" authorityYear="2010" box="[1025,1172,607,633]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FBBBFDB479F9643A" box="[1025,1172,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Arbopercula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFACAA06FF07FD4B7FBE6542" blockId="8.[189,1399,672,769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFACAA06FF07FD4B7F6364F8" author="Tilbrook & Gordon" box="[189,526,672,699]" firstAuthor="Tilbrook" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="255 - 263" refId="ref18364" refString="Tilbrook K. J. & Gordon D. P. 2015. Bryozoa from the Straits of Johor, Singapore, with the description of a new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 31: 255 - 263. Available from http: // lkcnhm. nus. edu. sg / nus / images / data / raffles _ bulletin _ of _ zoology / supplement 31 / S 31 rbz 255 - 263. pdf [accessed 19 Feb. 2023]." type="journal article" year="2015">Tilbrook & Gordon (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
tentatively also added
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FC87FD4B783C64F8" authority="Robertson, 1921" authorityName="Robertson" authorityYear="1921" box="[829,1361,672,699]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="devinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FC87FD4B791A64F9" box="[829,1143,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Membranipora devinensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFACAA06FB3DFD4B783C64F8" author="Robertson" box="[1159,1361,672,699]" firstAuthor="Robertson" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="33 - 65" refId="ref17514" refString="Robertson A. 1921. Report of Bryozoa from the Bay of Bengal and other eastern seas. Records of the Indian Museum 12: 33 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1465" type="journal article" year="1921">Robertson, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FF07FD2F7C3D649D" authorityName="Nikulina" authorityYear="2010" box="[189,336,708,734]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbopercula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FF07FD2F7C3D649D" box="[189,336,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Arbopercula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the presence of proximal pores and a presumed ovicell prevents the inclusion of this species, at least until it is correctly described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41436B4FFACAA06FF07FCC37C54636C" blockId="8.[187,1401,808,1327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FEF0FCC27CB96501" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[330,468,808,835]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FEF0FCC27CB96501" box="[330,468,808,835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">A. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been frequently incorrectly reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FC65FCC2793D6501" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[991,1104,808,834]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FC65FCC2793D6501" box="[991,1104,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">E. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by many authors around the world, growing on different algae, on drifting or beach-stranded plastic or wood, as small colonies on the hulls of pleasure craft plying tropical and subtropical waters, or even as epibionts attached to the scales of sea snakes, shells of living nautilus or carapaces of sea turtles or horseshoe crabs (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFACAA06FF07FC5D7C156593" author="Key" box="[189,376,949,976]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Key" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="462 - 474" refId="ref15702" refString="Key M. M. Jr, Jeffries W. B. & Voris H. K. 1995. Epizoic bryozoans, sea snakes and other nektonic substrates. Bulletin of Marine Science 56: 462 - 474." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Key
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FF4DFC5D7C41658C" box="[247,300,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFACAA06FE3CFC5E7CA9658C" author="Key" box="[390,452,949,975]" firstAuthor="Key" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="368 - 384" refId="ref15742" refString="Key M. M. Jr, Jeffries W. B., Voris H. K. & Yang C. M. 1996. Epizoic bryozoans, horseshoe crabs, and other mobile benthic substrates. Bulletin of Marine Science 58: 368 - 384." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFACAA06FE68FC5E7FC6658C" author="Pfaller" box="[466,683,949,976]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pfaller" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="1095 - 1102" refId="ref16615" refString="Pfaller J. B., Frick M. G., Reich K. J, Williams K. L. & Bjorndal K. A. 2008. Carapace epibionts of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting at Canaveral National Seashore, Florida. Journal of Natural History 42 (13 - 14): 1095 - 1102. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701877565" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Pfaller
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FD90FC5D7F33658C" box="[554,606,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFACAA06FD03FC5E7E34658C" author="Gordon" box="[697,857,949,975]" firstAuthor="Gordon" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="39 - 60" refId="ref15047" refString="Gordon D. P. 2009. New bryozoan taxa from a new marine conservation area in New Zealand, with a checklist of Bryozoa from Greater Cook Strait. Zootaxa 1987: 39 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1987.1.2" type="journal article" year="2009">Gordon 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFACAA06FCDCFC5D7971658C" author="Tan" box="[870,1052,949,976]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tan" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref18129" refString="Tan A. N., Christianus A. & Abdul Satar M. K. 2011. Epibiont infestation on horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Muller) at Pantai Balok in Peninsular Malaysia. Our Nature 9: 9 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.3126 / on. v 9 i 1.5725" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Tan
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FC26FC5D7EBD658C" box="[924,976,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFACAA06FB90FC5E7806658C" author="Subias-Baratau" box="[1066,1387,949,976]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Subias-Baratau" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref18070" refString="Subias-Baratau A., Sanchez-Vidal A., Di Martino E. & Figuerola B. 2022. Marine biofouling organisms on beached, buoyant and benthic plastic debris in the Catalan Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 175: 113405: 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marpolbul. 2022.113405" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Subías-Baratau
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FB5DFC5D7876658C" box="[1255,1307,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its first record in European waters was published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFACAA06FC8AFC327EA965B1" author="Rosso" box="[816,964,984,1011]" firstAuthor="Rosso" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="241 - 251" refId="ref17557" refString="Rosso A. 1994. Segnalazione di Electra tenella (Hincks) (Bryozoa) lungo le coste sud-orientali della Sicilia. Bollettino dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, Catania 27: 241 - 251." type="journal article" year="1994">Rosso (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FC56FC32793065B1" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1004,1117,984,1010]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FC56FC32793065B1" box="[1004,1117,984,1010]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">E. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from Sicily. In Iberian waters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFACAA06FEA1FC107CEA6255" box="[283,391,1019,1046]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1322,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-166@23.[189,1398,1322,1884]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Iberian distribution of the species treated in the present paper (see legends in the figures). A. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) and Caberea cantabra sp. nov. B. Species of Hincksina Norman, 1903." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8205436/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
), colonies have sometimes been observed on ligneous cores floating near the Strait of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFACAA06FF07FBF47C4A627A" box="[189,295,1055,1081]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFACAA06FE8CFBF47E42627A" author="Lopez de la Cuadra & Garcia-Gomez" box="[310,815,1055,1081]" firstAuthor="Lopez de la Cuadra" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="107 - 112" refId="ref16012" refString="Lopez de la Cuadra C. M. & Garcia-Gomez J. C. 1994. Zoogeographical study of the Cheilostomatida from the Straits of Gibraltar. In: Hayward P. J., Ryland J. S. & Taylor P. D. (eds) Biology and Palaeobiology of Bryozoans: 107 - 112. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark." type="book chapter" year="1994">López de la Cuadra & García-Gómez 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FCE0FBF47941627A" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[858,1068,1055,1081]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FCE0FBF47EDD627A" box="[858,944,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Electra</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FC66FBF47941627A" box="[988,1068,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; C.M. López-Fé pers. com.; MHNUSC-Bry 708). Colonies have very recently also been reported near the coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="166FF856FFACAA06FB24FBA97863621F" box="[1182,1294,1090,1116]" country="Spain" name="Catalunya" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Catalonia</collectingRegion>
|
||
growing on plastic debris (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFACAA06FE37FB8E7FA4623C" author="Subias-Baratau" box="[397,713,1125,1152]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Subias-Baratau" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref18070" refString="Subias-Baratau A., Sanchez-Vidal A., Di Martino E. & Figuerola B. 2022. Marine biofouling organisms on beached, buoyant and benthic plastic debris in the Catalan Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 175: 113405: 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marpolbul. 2022.113405" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Subías-Baratau
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FDF6FB8D7F12623C" box="[588,639,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FD48FB8E7E0F623C" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[754,866,1125,1151]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FD48FB8E7E0F623C" box="[754,866,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">A. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Moreover, we collected a large colony also growing on plastic debris washed upon a beach at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACBC7624FFACAA06FCA5FB627EEA62E0" box="[799,903,1161,1187]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Menorca</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Balearics) in
|
||
<date id="A0151074FFACAA06FB81FB6379DD62E1" box="[1083,1200,1160,1186]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" value="2012-07">July 2012</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B03A4B45FFACAA06FB7BFB637C3B6285" author="Reverter-Gil & Souto" firstAuthor="Reverter-Gil" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref17047" refString="Reverter-Gil O. & Souto J. 2021 a. As coleccions de briozoos do Museo de Historia Natural da USC. The Bryozoan collections of the Museum of Natural History of the USC. Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana 28: 1 - 24. Available from https: // revistas. usc. gal / index. php / nacc / article / view / 7693 [accessed 19 Feb. 2023]." type="journal article" year="2021" yearSuffix="a">Reverter-Gil & Souto 2021a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (MHNUSC-Bry 643;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C902A31FFACAA06FDD7FB407FB46285" box="[621,729,1195,1222]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionStartId-1="5.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,521,1850]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetId-0="figure-95@4.[189,1398,511,1850]" captionTargetId-1="figure-195@5.[189,1398,1039,1846]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A–B. View of part of large colony on plastic. C–E. Autozooids with fewer and less-developed spines. F. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids. G. Autozooids of the growing margin with developing gymnocystal processes." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Arbopercula angulata (Levinsen, 1909) (MHNUSC-Bry 643), Menorca (Balearic Islands). A. Autozooids with well-developed spines and gymnocystal processes. B. Multiporous rosette-plates. C. Spineless autozooids. D. Second layer of spineless autozooids covering the first layer of spiny zooids." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205412" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205414" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8205412/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8205414/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Because colonies of this species were not observed in Iberian waters growing on fixed substrates, the large number of recent records shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13AB4D37FFACAA06FB56FB24781B62AA" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1260,1398,1231,1257]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6DFEAA6FFACAA06FB56FB24781B62AA" box="[1260,1398,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">A. angulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be considered as a non-indigenous species (NIS) in Iberian waters, attached to different floating substrates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |