treatments-xml/data/5B/5D/ED/5B5DED9C336C25E79E95D5FF55314691.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.2623" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ac4017e5-0e3a-4282-95cb-7ab5fa7dd6a6" ID-PMC="PMC3385847" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-201-27" ID-PubMed="22768002" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-201-27" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 201" ModsDocTitle="A review of the alderfly genus Leptosialis Esben-Petersen (Megaloptera, Sialidae) with description of a new species from South Africa" checkinTime="1451248955851" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Price, Benjamin W., Liu, Xingyue, Moor, Ferdy C. de &amp; Villet, Martin H." docDate="2012" docId="5B5DED9C336C25E79E95D5FF55314691" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 201: 27-41" docOrigin="ZooKeys 201" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.2623" docTitle="Leptosialis Esben-Petersen" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="DD11FFCFFF90847AFFF77572FFC9E40C" masterDocTitle="A review of the alderfly genus Leptosialis Esben-Petersen (Megaloptera, Sialidae) with description of a new species from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668153998571" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A review of the alderfly genus Leptosialis Esben-Petersen (Megaloptera, Sialidae) with description of a new species from South Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Price, Benjamin W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Moor, Ferdy C. de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Villet, Martin H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>201</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>27</mods:start>
<mods:end>41</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.2623</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.2623</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-201-27</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152036025" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5B5DED9C336C25E79E95D5FF55314691" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5DED9C336C25E79E95D5FF55314691" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
Genus
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Leptosialis" authority="Esben-Petersen" class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis" order="Megaloptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptosialis Esben-Petersen</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis" order="Megaloptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptosialis</taxonomicName>
Esben-Petersen, 1920: 502. Type species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis africana" order="Megaloptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Leptosialis africana</taxonomicName>
Esben-Petersen, 1920: 502 (original designation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
The adults of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis" order="Megaloptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptosialis</taxonomicName>
are characterized by the following morphological traits: the narrowly elongated forewing, which is about 3.0-4.0 times longer than wide; the distally branched Rs; the MA either unbranched, bifurcated or trifurcated; the MP distally branched or with one or both main branches bifurcated; the male 9th tergum with a pair of posterolateral, digitiform processes; the paired ectoproct; the 11th gonocoxite in caudal view ventrally with a pair of acute, hook-like processes. At present no characters can be used to distinguish the larvae of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis" order="Megaloptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptosialis</taxonomicName>
from other alderfly genera, many of which currently lack larval description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Description.</paragraph>
<subSection pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="adults">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Adults (Figs 1-4).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Forewing length ~8-11 mm in males; ~11-12 mm in females. Body: generally brown or blackish-brown. Head: antenna pilose approximately half the length of the forewing; ocelli absent, or represented by three very small tubercles on vertex; labrum ~4.0-5.0 times wider than long, lateral margins rounded, front margin slightly emarginated. Prothorax&gt; two times wider than long. Legs: yellow or dark brown, bearing dense setae; tarsal claws reddish brown. Wings: Forewing 3.0-4.0 times longer than wide, minutely hirsute, margins pilose; costal area broadened basally; subcostal area with five to eight distinct costal crossveins proximally; sc-r absent; Rs distally branched, MA either unbranched, bifurcated or trifurcated, MP distally branched or with one or both main branches bifurcated, CuA bifurcated; three or four crossveins between R and Rs. Hindwing as broad or slightly broader than forewing, about 3.0 to 3.5 times as long as wide; two or three distinct costal crossveins proximally; venation similar to forewing, with three crossveins between R and Rs. Male genitalia: 9th tergum transversely arched, with a pair of posterolateral, digitiform processes; ectoproct paired, small, roundly inflated ventrad; 11th gonocoxite in caudal view ventrally with a pair of acute, hook-like processes. Female genitalia: 7th sternum broad, posterior margin distinctly produced; 9th gonocoxite broad, apex bearing small, stout gonostylus.</paragraph>
</subSection>
<subSection pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="larvae">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Larvae (Figs 22-23).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Head: yellow to reddish brown. Thorax: pro-, meso- and metathorax orange to reddish brown, with distinct reticulated patterns of yellowish marks. Legs: pale yellow, bearing dense setae; tarsal claws reddish brown; Abdomen: dark purplish or blackish brown dorsally with paired, pale, submedian, comma-shaped marks on each segment; anal prolegs and hooked claws absent; elongated caudal filamentous appendage present; 7 pairs of pale yellow lateral abdominal gills present.</paragraph>
</subSection>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
The genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis" order="Megaloptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptosialis</taxonomicName>
is the only representative of the
<taxonomicName family="Sialidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" rank="family">Sialidae</taxonomicName>
in South Africa. Because wing venation is quite different between the two
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis" order="Megaloptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptosialis</taxonomicName>
species, it is difficult to find a stable morphological diagnosis for this genus. The male ninth
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="29" start="start">tergum</pageBreakToken>
with a pair of digitiform processes could be the most important character to distinguish
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptosialis</taxonomicName>
from its closely related genera,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Stenosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenosialis" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenosialis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Austrosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrosialis" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austrosialis</taxonomicName>
.The two species may be distinguished using the following key.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
Figures 1-4. Habitus images of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptosialis</taxonomicName>
species. 1
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis africana" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Leptosialis africana</taxonomicName>
Esben-Petersen, female, holotype 2 same, male 3
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis necopinata" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="necopinata">Leptosialis necopinata</taxonomicName>
sp. n. male, holotype 4 same, female. Scale bars = 5.0 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="key to leptosialis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
Key to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptosialis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<table pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
Figs 1, 2
<bibRefCitation author="Barnard, KH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" pagination="169 - 184" title="The Cape alder-flies" volume="29" year="1931">Barnard 1931</bibRefCitation>
thFig. 15thFig. 22
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis africana" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Leptosialis africana</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
Figs 3, 4Fig. 9thFigs 18-19thFig. 21Fig. 23Fig. 1
<bibRefCitation author="Crass, RS" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" pagination="519 - 522" title="Records of alderflies (Megaloptera) from Natal and the Eastern Cape, with a description of the larva of Leptosialis africana (E. - P.)." volume="11" year="1949">Crass 1949</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" genus="Leptosialis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptosialis necopinata" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="necopinata">Leptosialis necopinata</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>