245 lines
21 KiB
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245 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229" ID-GBIF-Dataset="79229e38-c5fd-4225-ba22-782cc14f1d9d" ID-PMC="PMC7052020" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-140-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2C5A7EF3070A501B821E82DE502A8B27" ID-PubMed="32148432" ModsDocID="1314-2003-140-57" checkinTime="1582662170017" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Montero-Munoz, Iris, Levin, Geoffrey A. & Cardiel, Jose M." docDate="2020" docId="5ACC8E6F7914506FA7D25CDE535D1964" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 140: 57-73" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 140" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229" docTitle="Acalypha leandrii I. Montero & Cardiel 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="2C5A7EF3070A501B821E82DE502A8B27" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="2C5A7EF3070A501B821E82DE502A8B27" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) from the West Indian Ocean Region" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1668139664444" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Four new species of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) from the West Indian Ocean Region</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Montero-Munoz, Iris</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Levin, Geoffrey A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cardiel, Jose M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>140</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>73</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-140-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2C5A7EF3070A501B821E82DE502A8B27</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162267153" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5ACC8E6F7914506FA7D25CDE535D1964" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5ACC8E6F7914506FA7D25CDE535D1964" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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2.
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<taxonomicName LSID="5ACC8E6F-7914-506F-A7D2-5CDE535D1964" authority="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha leandrii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leandrii" status="sp. nov.">Acalypha leandrii I.Montero & Cardiel</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha leandrii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leandrii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Acalypha leandrii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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I.Montero & Cardiel is morphologically similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. radula" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="radula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. radula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Baker, but differs from it mainly by having leaf blades broadly ovate-lanceolate, not bullate, and petioles 2-8 cm long (vs. leaf blades usually narrowly triangular-lanceolate, bullate, and petioles 1.5-1.8 cm long), mature female bracts with entire margins (vs. mature female bracts with dentate margins), and capsules with simple trichomes (vs. capsules with simple and glandular trichomes).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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Madagascar, Reg. Melaky [Prov. Mahajanga]: Antsalova, vers Ambodiriana (E.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Antsalova">d'Antsalova</normalizedToken>
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),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="0.12" value="-18.666698">18°40'0.12"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.879" value="44.7333">44°43'59.879"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 100-150 m, 06 Dec 1952,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">J. Leandri, R. Capuron & A. Razafindrakoto 2037</emphasis>
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(holotype: P [P05547059!]). Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Acalypha leandrii A flowering female branch B flowering male branch C detail of node, stipules, and petiole base D detail of node with axillary bud E detail of upper leaf surface showing the leaf base and stipels F mature female bract G ovary and styles H calyx of the female flower I capsule J seed. Based on J. Leandri, R. Capuron & A. Razafindrakoto 2037 (A, C-J) and J. Leandri & P. Saboureau 2996 (B). Illustration by Iris Montero Munoz." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382706" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">3</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382706" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha leandrii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leandrii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Acalypha leandrii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
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flowering female branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
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flowering male branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
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detail of node, stipules, and petiole base
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">D</emphasis>
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detail of node with axillary bud
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">E</emphasis>
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detail of upper leaf surface showing the leaf base and stipels
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">F</emphasis>
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mature female bract
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">G</emphasis>
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ovary and styles
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">H</emphasis>
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calyx of the female flower
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I</emphasis>
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capsule
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">J</emphasis>
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seed. Based on
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">J. Leandri, R. Capuron & A. Razafindrakoto 2037</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A, C-J</emphasis>
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) and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">J. Leandri & P. Saboureau 2996</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
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). Illustration by Iris Montero
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Shrubs</emphasis>
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or
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">subshrubs</emphasis>
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(probably sprawling or clambering) evergreen [height unknown], probably dioecious.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Young branches</emphasis>
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densely pubescent, with short, simple, antrorsely curved trichomes; older branches glabrous.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Stipules</emphasis>
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c. 7 mm long, oblong-lanceolate, with scarious margins and a central rib; midrib appressed-pubescent, margins ciliate with thin trichomes mixed with minute glands.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Axillary buds</emphasis>
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ovoid, c. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1 mm, perules 2, valvate, membranous, pubescent with short, simple trichomes.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Petioles</emphasis>
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2-8 cm long, indumentum similar to that found on the young branches, glabrescent.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Leaf blades</emphasis>
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8-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(3.5-) 4.5-9 cm, broadly ovate-lanceolate, membranous; base rounded to cordate; margins serrate, teeth acute, slightly callose-edged; apex acuminate to caudate, acumen acute, c. 2.5 cm long, mucronate; both surfaces laxly pubescent with simple, erect trichomes, also with short, antrorsely curved trichomes on veins; venation actinodromous, prominent in both surfaces, with 3 or 5 veins at the base, secondary veins 7-9 per side.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Stipels</emphasis>
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triangular, c. 0.7 mm long, ciliate, mixed with glandular trichomes.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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unisexual, axillary, in terminal nodes.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Male inflorescences</emphasis>
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spiciform, c. 8 cm long, peduncle c. 2 cm long, indumentum similar to that found on the young branches.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Female inflorescences</emphasis>
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spiciform, with up to 18 bracts, c. 8.5 cm long, peduncle c. 2.5 cm long, indumentum similar to that found on the young branches.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Female bracts</emphasis>
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sessile, enlarging in fruit to 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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12 mm, subreniform, with prominent veins on adaxial surface, laxly pubescent with erect, simple trichomes and thick glandular trichomes c. 1 mm long; margins entire.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Male flowers</emphasis>
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inconspicuous, pedicel c. 0.5 mm long, sparsely hairy; buds c. 0.7 mm diameter, glabrous, papillose.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Female flowers</emphasis>
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solitary, sessile; sepals 3, slightly connate at base, c.1 mm long, oblong-lanceolate, ciliate with simple, erect trichomes c. 0.5 mm long; ovary 3-locular, c. 1 mm diameter, densely hispid; styles 3, c. 5 mm long, slightly connate at base, each divided into 5 slender segments, glabrous.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Capsules</emphasis>
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c. 3 mm diam., papillose-hispid, with papillae c. 0.5 mm long, each ending in a simple, erect trichome c. 1 mm long.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Seeds</emphasis>
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pyriform, c. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.6 mm, minutely foveolate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha leandrii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leandrii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Acalypha leandrii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from two localities in western Madagascar, in the area east of Antsalova. They are both from the karstic massif of Mesozoic limestones known as Tsingy de Bemaraha, in the Melaky Region. This region has dry climates, and the primary vegetation is dry deciduous forest (
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<bibRefCitation author="Schatz, GE" editor="Lourenco, WR" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe Biogeographie, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B22" refString="Schatz, GE, 2000. Endemism in the Malagasy tree flora. In: Lourenco, WR, Goodman, SM, Eds., Diversite et Endemisme a Madagascar. Memoires de la Societe Biogeographie, Paris: 1 - 9" title="Endemism in the Malagasy tree flora." volumeTitle="Diversite et Endemisme a Madagascar." year="2000">Schatz 2000</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Moat, J" journalOrPublisher="Notululae Systematicae" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B13" refString="Moat, J, Smith, P, 2007. Atlas of the vegetation of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." title="Atlas of the vegetation of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." year="2007">Moat and Smith 2007</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland, IUCN" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B7" refString="Goodman, SM, Raherilalao, MJ, Wohlhauser, S, 2018. The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." title="The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." year="2018">Goodman et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). The altitudinal range of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. leandrii" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="leandrii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. leandrii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is from 100 to 300 m. (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Map of Madagascar and the Mayotte island showing the distributions of Acalypha gillespieae (square), A. leandrii (rhombus), A. mayottensis (triangle) and A. nusbaumeri (circle)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382705" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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The proposed epithet honors the French botanist Jacques
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Désiré">Desire</normalizedToken>
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Leandri (1903-1982). He worked extensively in the
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<taxonomicName family="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
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family from Madagascar, including writing the last taxonomic treatment of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Acalypha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the island, in which he described numerous new species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Leandri, J" journalOrPublisher="Notululae Systematicae" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="252 - 290" refId="B11" refString="Leandri, J, 1942. Acalypha. Contribution a l'etude des Euphorbiacees de Madagascar (VI). Notululae Systematicae 10: 252 - 290" title="Acalypha. Contribution a l'etude des Euphorbiacees de Madagascar (VI)." volume="10" year="1942">Leandri 1942</bibRefCitation>
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). Leandri collected the type specimen of this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha leandrii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leandrii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Acalypha leandrii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from three collections. The extent of occurrence (EOO) could not be calculated. Its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated to be 8 km2. The Tsingy de Bemaraha lies within a national park and a nature reserve that has been IUCN category II and Ia protected areas (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2008.PAPS.2.en" author="Dudley, N" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland, IUCN" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B6" refString="Dudley, N, 2008. Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2008.PAPS.2.en" title="Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories." url="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2008.PAPS.2.en" year="2008">Dudley 2008</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland, IUCN" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B7" refString="Goodman, SM, Raherilalao, MJ, Wohlhauser, S, 2018. The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." title="The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." year="2018">Goodman et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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) since 1927 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland, IUCN" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B7" refString="Goodman, SM, Raherilalao, MJ, Wohlhauser, S, 2018. The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." title="The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." year="2018">Goodman et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). The forest of this area has local anthropogenic pressures such as fire associated with the renewal of zebu (cattle) pastures, logging for construction and deforestation for new agricultural lands. Bemaraha has lost more forest habitat from 2006 to 2016 compared to 1996 to 2006 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland, IUCN" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B7" refString="Goodman, SM, Raherilalao, MJ, Wohlhauser, S, 2018. The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." title="The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." year="2018">Goodman et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). No specimens of this species have been collected for 60 years, so we cannot rule out that this species has become extirpated from one or both areas. In conclusion, due to habitat loss and the absence of recent collections,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. leandrii" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="leandrii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. leandrii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is assigned a preliminary IUCN conservation status of Critically Endangered: CR B2ab(ii,iii).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="additional specimen examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Additional specimen examined</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">(paratypes)</emphasis>
|
||
. Madagascar. Reg. Melaky [Prov. Mahajanga]: Calcaires de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Antsingy">l'Antsingy</normalizedToken>
|
||
, vers Andobo (E.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Antsalova">d'Antsalova</normalizedToken>
|
||
), en remontant vers Tsiandro,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="0.12" value="-18.666698">18°40'0.12"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.879" value="44.7333">44°43'59.879"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 05-08 Feb 1960, 300 m,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">J. Leandri & P. Saboureau 2996</emphasis>
|
||
(K!, P [P05543680!, P00324506!], MO [MO-3025001!], TAN);
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">J. Leandri & P. Saboureau 3016</emphasis>
|
||
(G!, P [P05547274!], MO [MO-2966304!]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |