132 lines
12 KiB
XML
132 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.162.2370" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f8228b70-5cf8-4846-b2b2-91aec46ab0a5" ID-PMC="PMC3253663" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-162-59" ID-PubMed="22303126" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-162-59" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 162" ModsDocTitle="A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil" checkinTime="1451249400868" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane" docDate="2012" docId="5A7A559FABF3B4FF9E3D3FE82209EB34" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 162: 59-92" docOrigin="ZooKeys 162" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.162.2370" docTitle="Tethininae" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="0C201957F3148E5FFFE2FF8834486856" masterDocTitle="A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1668153140917" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marinoni, Luciane</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>162</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>59</mods:start>
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<mods:end>92</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.162.2370</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.162.2370</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-162-59</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032962" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A7A559FABF3B4FF9E3D3FE82209EB34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A7A559FABF3B4FF9E3D3FE82209EB34" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Tethininae" lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tethininae">Tethininae</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="75">Hendel 1916</bibRefCitation>
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: 297 [as a family]; 1917: 45. Type genus:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
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Haliday.
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<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 27" title="World catalog of the family Tethinidae (Diptera)." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.584" volume="584" year="1996">Mathis and Munari 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 1-27 [world catalog].
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<bibRefCitation author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 84" title="World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa." volume="2471" year="2010">Munari and Mathis 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 40-66 [world catalog].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
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Adult. Small to moderately large flies, body length 1.43-3.66 mm; frequently invested with pale yellowish to brown microtomentum. 3-4 lateroclinate fronto-orbital setae, 3 inclinate frontal setae; postocellar seta convergent. Face sometimes characterized by 2 shiny protuberances laterad of facial cavity above vibrissal pore (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
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); vibrissal seta variable, if present usually weak. 1 proepisternal seta; 1 proepimeral seta (sometimes absent in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
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); anepisternum with 1 or more setae and some setulae posteriorly. Precoxal bridge present. Wing hyaline to infuscate or pale yellow or even patterned (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina pictipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">Tethina pictipennis</taxonomicName>
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Freidberg and Beschovski and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina lusitanica" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanica">Tethina lusitanica</taxonomicName>
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Munari, Almeida and Andrade); C with Sc break only; cell cup present but small; A1 weakened apically, not reaching wing margin. Tibiae lacking preapical dorsal seta. Male epandrium bearing 2 lobes ventrally (the lobe that articulates dorsally with the subepandrial sclerite is considered to be the true surstylus while the anterior surstylar-like lobe may or may not be surstylar in origin); the true surstylus is generally strongly setulose; aedeagal apodeme long, slender; ejaculatory apodeme usually large; aedeagus usually elongate, ribbonlike, sinuous, subcylindrical, with a more or less dense ventral pubescence, often with several microscopic papillae. Female with 2 sclerotized spermathecae; cercus subcylindrical or compressed, sometimes bearing strong, spinelike setulae (pseudacanthophorites); tergites 7-8 mostly with characteristic pigmented areas; epiproct generally small, bearing a pair of setulae dorsally on apical third; hypoproct large.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="75" type="natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="75">Natural History.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tethininae">Tethininae</taxonomicName>
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are mostly halobiont/thalassophiles, occurring in coastal marine habitats. Adults of thalassophilous species are commonly found in coastal marine habitats (
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<bibRefCitation author="Karl, O" journalOrPublisher="Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="33 - 84" title="XI. e 2. Thalassobionte und thalassophile Diptera Brachycera." volume="19" year="1930">Karl 1930</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali - Lavori" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="55 - 75" title="Studi sui Tethinidae d'Italia, con particolare riguardo alle specie delle spiagge a sabbia fine dell'Alto Adriatico (Diptera, Brachycera)." volume="32" year="2007">Munari and Vanin 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), including the intertidal zone, wrack heaps (usually brown algae that are most abundant along temperate seashores bathed by cold currents), salt marshes, dune vegetation, and on salty soils or bare sand. We have also observed adults often in large numbers on carcasses of marine animals on beaches.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
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The immature stages of the subfamily are incompletely known.
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<bibRefCitation author="Ferrar, P" journalOrPublisher="Entomonograph" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 907" title="A guide to the breeding habits and immature stages of Diptera Cyclorrhapha." volume="8" year="1987">Ferrar (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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provided some observations on the puparia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina grisea" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grisea">Tethina grisea</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fallén">Fallen</normalizedToken>
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).
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<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="75">Gorczytza (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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reported on the spatial and seasonal distribution of some European species (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Pelomyiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelomyiella mallochi" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mallochi">Pelomyiella mallochi</taxonomicName>
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(Sturtevant),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina albosetulosa" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albosetulosa">Tethina albosetulosa</taxonomicName>
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(Strobl),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina illota" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illota">Tethina illota</taxonomicName>
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Haliday,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina flavigenis" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavigenis">Tethina flavigenis</taxonomicName>
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(Hendel), and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina grisea" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grisea">Tethina grisea</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fallén">Fallen</normalizedToken>
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)) from a study using color traps on the Frisian Islands of Mellum and Memmert. In nature, an abundance of individuals and a paucity of species sometimes characterize sandy sites where tethinids occur.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="76" type="key to genera of tethininae from brazil">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="76" start="start">Key</pageBreakToken>
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to Genera of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tethininae">Tethininae</taxonomicName>
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from Brazil
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<table pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Dasyrhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dasyrhicnoessa" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dasyrhicnoessa</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |