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213 KiB
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1606 lines
213 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="46E14138A9FAED0F452EFEDBC074C716">Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="291E0133AA01931756BC26B2041C3E53">Kok, Philippe J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="12B26ED096019F2E4CE5BA93DC38205A">Dezfoulian, Raheleh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9DC200E82136B9C71A8DE8EBCA135A51">Means, D. Bruce</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B34B48C0572C0111A8D905095926381A">Fouquet, Antoine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E103BA881BD906AEEB788DD2AAEB0E6">Barrio-Amorós, César L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DA80F59B940BA8CF956C1FBAD64A64C7">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="5A0CB016FF88FFC9B903FC78FAFEFB4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5976923" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140417061" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5976923" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A0CB016FF88FFC9B903FC78FAFEFB4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A0CB016FF88FFC9B903FC78FAFEFB4B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="9ABF528BFF88FFDBB903FC78FBAAFC23" box="[532,1055,977,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBB903FC78FBAAFC23" blockId="6.[532,1055,977,1039]" box="[532,1055,977,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="8952B66CFF88FFDBB903FC78FBAAFC23" box="[532,1055,977,1004]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF88FFDBB903FC78FBAAFC23" ID-CoL="4MJHK" authority="(Boulenger, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[532,1055,977,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
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<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF88FFDBB903FC78FCE1FC23" bold="true" box="[532,852,977,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF88FFDBB903FC78FCF7FC24" bold="true" box="[532,834,977,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
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(
|
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</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF88FFDBB844FC78FBA2FC23" author="Boulenger" box="[851,1047,977,1003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Boulenger G. A. 1900. Batrachians. In: Lankester E. R. (ed.) Report on a collection made by Messrs. McConnell, F. V. & Quelch J. J. at Mount Roraima in British Guiana. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology 8: 55 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1900. tb 00308. x" type="journal article" year="1900">Boulenger, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9ABF528BFF88FFDBB9D9FC5DFCD3FBC6" box="[718,870,1012,1039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBB9D9FC5DFCD3FBC6" blockId="6.[532,1055,977,1039]" box="[718,870,1012,1039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF88FFDBB9D9FC5DFC83FBC7" box="[718,822,1012,1039]" captionStart-0="Fig.2" captionStart-1="Fig. 3" captionStart-2="Fig.4" captionStart-3="Fig. 5" captionStartId-0="8.[189,232,1851,1877]" captionStartId-1="11.[189,232,1843,1869]" captionStartId-2="12.[189,232,1771,1797]" captionStartId-3="14.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,265,1805]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,345,1796]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetBox-3="[259,1324,265,1938]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[189,1398,265,1805]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[189,1398,345,1796]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetId-3="figure@14.[259,1324,265,1938]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionText-0="Fig.2.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900).Preservedadult♂,holotype(BMNH1947.2.16.92). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Dorsolateral view. Grid squares = 5 mm. Photographs by PJRK." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Ventral view of left hand and left foot of a male (top), and ventral view of right hand and right foot of a female (below), both from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana.Photographs by PJRK." captionText-2="Fig.4.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900)(fourindividualsatthetop)andP.pulvinatus(Rivero, 1968) (twoindividuals below).Intraspecificvariation in dorsalcolour pattern and sexualdimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of P. marmoratus is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected P.pulvinatus, which is by CBA." captionText-3="Fig. 5. Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Intraspecific variation in dorsal (top) and ventral (below) colour patterns in preserved specimens.Photographs by PJRK." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1173357/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1173359/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1173361/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1173363/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 2–5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF88FFDBB855FC5DFCD3FBC6" box="[834,870,1012,1038]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,838,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,838,1746]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6.A. Guzmania cf. sphaeroidea (André)André ex Mez, an arboreal bromeliad species used as egg deposition site by Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) in the Wokomung Massif. B. Egg clutch of Pristimantis marmoratus deposited on a leaf of the arboreal bromeliad Guzmania cf. sphaeroidea in theWokomung Massif.C. Egg clutchof Anomaloglossus beebei(Noble, 1923) (white arrow) deposited in the phytotelmata of the same plant as in B. D. Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 17916, 11.3 mm SVL, a juvenile of P. marmoratus collected on the slopes of Maringma-tepui, Guyana. PhotographsA–C by DBM, D by PJRK." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173365/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9ABF528BFF88FFDABBAAFB9FFC8FFA82" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAFB9FFE83FB98" blockId="6.[189,310,1078,1104]" box="[189,310,1078,1104]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="8952B66CFF88FFDBBBAAFB9FFE83FB98" bold="true" box="[189,310,1078,1104]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF88FFDBBBAAFB9FFE83FB98" bold="true" box="[189,310,1078,1104]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAFBCCFAB6FAC3" blockId="6.[189,1399,1124,1291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF88FFDBBBAAFBCCFD54FBB7" authority="(Boulenger, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[189,737,1124,1151]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF88FFDBBBAAFBCCFE5BFBB6" box="[189,494,1125,1150]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF88FFDBB91FFBCDFD6CFBB7" author="Boulenger" box="[520,729,1124,1151]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Boulenger G. A. 1900. Batrachians. In: Lankester E. R. (ed.) Report on a collection made by Messrs. McConnell, F. V. & Quelch J. J. at Mount Roraima in British Guiana. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology 8: 55 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1900. tb 00308. x" type="journal article" year="1900">Boulenger, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has historically been assigned to the polyphyletic “
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF88FFDBBBDDFB20FEE3FB6A" box="[202,342,1161,1186]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">unistrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
species group” (
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF88FFDBB90FFB20FDECFB6A" box="[536,601,1161,1186]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF88FFDBB977FB21FC89FB6A" author="Hedges" box="[608,828,1160,1186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Hedges S. B., Duellman W. E. & Heinicke M. P. 2008. New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 1737: 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF88FFDBB9A9FB20FD42FB6A" box="[702,759,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is mainly characterized by having Finger I shorter than II, Toe V longer than III, extending to the distal edge of the distal subarticular tubercle of Toe IV when toes are adpressed, and by the absence of cranial crests and the presence of vomerine teeth.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF88FFDBBBAAFB5BFE56FAC3" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[189,483,1266,1291]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF88FFDBBBAAFB5BFE56FAC3" box="[189,483,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by the following unique combination of characters:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAFA9AFAB1FA85" blockId="6.[189,1399,1331,2027]" box="[189,1284,1331,1358]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
(1) body small, adult males
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF88FFDBB900FA9AFD77FA85" box="[535,706,1331,1357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.04" metricValueMin="1.76" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.4" valueMin="17.6">17.6–20.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL (n = 5), adult female
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF88FFDBB8E8FA9AFBD2FA85" box="[1023,1127,1331,1357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="27.9">27.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL (n = 1);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAFAFFFCB9FA7F" blockId="6.[189,1399,1331,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
(2) dorsal skin granular/ pustulate, usually with distinctly enlarged tubercles (less pustulate in female), belly skin granular (granules not as closely set as in areolate skin
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF88FFDBBF11FAD3FBF2FA5B" box="[1030,1095,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF88FFDBBF47FAD0FADFFA5C" author="Duellman" box="[1104,1386,1401,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Duellman W. E. & Lehr E. 2009. Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. NTV Science, Munster, Germany." type="book" year="2009">Duellman & Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), sometimes becoming smooth in preservative;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAFA69FAB4FA13" blockId="6.[189,1399,1331,2027]" box="[189,1281,1472,1499]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(3) presence of well-developed oblique scapular ridges in males (less prominent in female);</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAFA4AFB4EF9E9" blockId="6.[189,1399,1331,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(4) tympanum present, tympanic membrane not or only poorly differentiated, and tympanic annulus only partially visible externally, obscured by supratympanic fold, TYM 22–34% of EL;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAF980FDD0F98C" blockId="6.[189,1399,1331,2027]" box="[189,613,1577,1604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(5) small pharyngeal ostia present;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAF9E4FD85F9AF" blockId="6.[189,1399,1331,2027]" box="[189,560,1613,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(6) TIL 1.9–2.0 times HAND;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAF9D9FAC2F965" blockId="6.[189,1399,1331,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
(7) snout rounded to subovoid in dorsal view, slightly sloping in profile,
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF88FFDBBF40F9D9FA94F942" box="[1111,1313,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
nearly straight in dorsal view, rounded in cross section, loreal region concave, flaring slightly at upper lip;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAF91EFBC6F919" blockId="6.[189,1399,1331,2027]" box="[189,1139,1719,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(8) upper eyelid granular, with 1–3 distinctly enlarged tubercles on each eyelid;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAF973FEE3F8F3" blockId="6.[189,1399,1331,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(9) choanae small, round, dentigerous processes of vomers small, sometimes barely visible or even not detectable, slightly oblique, ovoid, posterior and medial to choanae, each bearing 3–5 teeth when present;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAF8EDFC15F896" blockId="6.[189,1399,1331,2027]" box="[189,928,1860,1886]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(10) presence of vocal slits in male, vocal sac single, subgular;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAF8CEFE7BF849" blockId="6.[189,1399,1331,2027]" box="[189,462,1895,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(11) tongue cordiform;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF88FFDBBBAAF823FDC7F823" blockId="6.[189,1399,1331,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(12) one unpigmented whitish nuptial pad located on the preaxial side of the thenar tubercle on each thumb in male, a second pad is sometimes present (on one thumb or on both) on the preaxial side of the first subarticular tubercle;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFEA2FBEDFEED" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" box="[189,1112,267,294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(13) Finger I shorter than II, FI 75–83% of FII in males, 86% of FII in female;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFE86FD3FFEA5" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(14) fingers basally webbed, with moderately developed lateral fringes, usually more conspicuously developed preaxially on Finger II;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFEDCFBB5FE47" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" box="[189,1024,373,400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(15) palmar tubercle V-shaped, often broken in three distinct tubercles;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFE31FC14FE7B" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" box="[189,929,408,435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
(16) axillary tubercles (
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF89FFDABAC2FE30FDA3FE7A" box="[469,534,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF89FFDAB909FE30FC8AFE7B" author="Myers" box="[542,831,409,435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Myers C. W. & Donnelly M. A. 2001. Herpetofauna of the Yutaje - Corocoro massif, Venezuela: second report from the Robert G. Goelet American Museum - Terramar expedition to the Northwestern tepuis. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 261: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="2001">Myers & Donnelly 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) absent;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFE15FD1EFE1E" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" box="[189,683,444,470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(17) small ulnar tubercles present, in line;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFE76FBC0FE32" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" box="[189,1141,479,506]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(18) small tarsal tubercles present, 1–3 slightly enlarged calcar tubercles present;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFDAAFED5FD88" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(19) inner metatarsal tubercle oval, about 3–4 times the size of the round, projecting outer metatarsal tubercle;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFDE0FEC0FD4F" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(20) Toe V longer than III, extending to the distal edge of the distal tubercle on Toe IV when toes are adpressed;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFD39FE83FD06" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(21) toes with lateral fringes, best developed preaxially on Toes II–IV, webbing basal between Toes II–V;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFD7EFD3FFD38" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" box="[189,650,726,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(22) discs broadly expanded, elliptical;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFD53FBD2FC92" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(23) in life, main dorsal colour pattern ranges from large, weakly visible, dark brown or grey-brown blotches to nearly uniformly brownish grey, ventral colouration ranges from whitish to grey or dark brown with series of tiny, dark brown punctuations and light grey flecking;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFCCDFBDEFC20" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(24) in preservative, main dorsal colour pattern similar to when alive, but with the melanin more prominent, revealing large, indistinct blotches or more or less uniformly distributed medium brown colour, ventral colouration consists in a uniformly distributed series of tiny, warm brown punctuations on the chin, belly and undersurfaces of the legs, feet and toes;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFC58FD4BFBE7" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(25) in life, anterior and lower posterior surfaces of thighs brown to dark brown with light grey flecking (brown with white flecking in preservative);</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFB91FD09FBBD" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(26) in life, diffuse yellow or pale green wash (white in preservative) on groin and absence of flashy colour on axillary /pre-axillary region;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFBD6FCCBFB74" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(27) in life, iris pale gold to bronze with fine black reticulations, a median horizontal brown to reddish brown bar, and a vertical streak running across the iris;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFB6CFD51FACB" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(28) advertisement call consists in a single note repeated at a rate of ca 11 calls/ min with a dominant frequency ranging from 2756 to 3101 Hz;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFAA5FAAEFAEE" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" box="[189,1307,1292,1318]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(29) males call exclusively at dusk, usually upside down on mossy tree trunks of low diameter;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFA86FC8FFA82" blockId="7.[189,1399,267,1354]" box="[189,826,1327,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
(30) known elevational distribution ca
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF89FFDAB99EFA86FC83FA82" box="[649,822,1327,1354]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1200.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="600.0">600 to 1800 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9ABF528BFF89FFDABBAAFAD8FC5DF8D9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFAD8FE1FFA43" blockId="7.[189,426,1393,1419]" box="[189,426,1393,1419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<heading id="8952B66CFF89FFDABBAAFAD8FE1FFA43" bold="true" box="[189,426,1393,1419]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF89FFDABBAAFAD8FE1FFA43" bold="true" box="[189,426,1393,1419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="62CD0B5DFF89FFDABBFDFA09FCF3F9C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1804707649" collectingDate="1898-08" collectingDateMax="1898-10-31" collectingDateMin="1898-08" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="F. V. McConnell & J. J. Quelch" country="Venezuela" location="foot of Mount Roraima" municipality="State" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BMNH 1947.2.16.92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bolívar" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBFDFA09FEE9FA72" blockId="7.[189,1398,1440,1537]" box="[234,348,1440,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF89FFDABBFDFA09FEE9FA72" bold="true" box="[234,348,1440,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D1EBFA2FF89FFDABBFDFA09FEE9FA72" box="[234,348,1440,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAFA6AFCF3F9C9" blockId="7.[189,1398,1440,1537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF89FFDABBAAFA6AFEC5FA15" box="[189,368,1475,1501]" name="Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="C4A3CA89FF89FFDABA6BFA6AFE21FA15" box="[380,404,1475,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF89FFDABAB5FA6AFE4FFA15" box="[418,506,1475,1501]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="327E9B7AFF89FFDAB914FA6AFDF4FA15" box="[515,577,1475,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">State</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D77A57DBFF89FFDAB95AFA6AFCD0FA15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A0CB016FF88FFC9B903FC78FAFEFB4B:D77A57DBFF89FFDAB95AFA6AFCD0FA15" box="[589,869,1475,1501]" country="Venezuela" municipality="State" name="foot of Mount Roraima" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Bolívar">foot of Mount Roraima</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="7F5064D6FF89FFDAB865FA6AFB98FA15" box="[882,1069,1475,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">F.V. McConnell</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="7F5064D6FF89FFDABF7EFA6AFB59FA15" box="[1129,1260,1475,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">J.J. Quelch</collectorName>
|
||
leg.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="B65FDE28FF89FFDABE39FA6AFE84F9C8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1898-08" valueMax="1898-10-31" valueMin="1898-08-00">
|
||
<date id="A61B27C0FF89FFDABE39FA6AFE84F9C8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1898-08" valueMax="1898-10-31" valueMin="1898-08-00">Aug.– Oct. 1898</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="8203A97BFF89FFDABA57FA4FFD8BF9C8" box="[320,574,1510,1536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BMNH 1947.2.16.92</specimenCode>
|
||
, formerly 99.3.25.19).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBFDF98EFE13F989" blockId="7.[189,1399,1575,1708]" box="[234,422,1575,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF89FFDABBFDF98EFE13F989" bold="true" box="[234,422,1575,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAF9E2FAB3F964" blockId="7.[189,1399,1575,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="62CD0B5DFF89FFDABBAAF9E2FBADF940" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1804707647" collectingDate="2007-11-20" collectingDateMax="2007-11-22" collectingDateMin="2007-11-20" collectionCode="IRSNB" collectorName="Philippe J. R. Kok" country="Guyana" location="slopes of Maringma-tepui" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="IRSNB 12862, IRSNB 17916, IRSNB 17939" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-juvenile="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Cuyuni-Mazaruni District">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF89FFDABBAAF9E2FE8BF9AD" box="[189,318,1611,1637]" name="Guyana" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="C4A3CA89FF89FFDABA5EF9E2FE3AF9AD" box="[329,399,1611,1637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="C4A3CA89FF89FFDABA8BF9E2FDA0F9AD" box="[412,533,1611,1637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF89FFDAB935F9E2FCE3F9AD" box="[546,854,1611,1637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cuyuni-Mazaruni District</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D77A57DBFF89FFDAB875F9E2FB22F9AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A0CB016FF88FFC9B903FC78FAFEFB4B:D77A57DBFF89FFDAB875F9E2FB22F9AD" box="[866,1175,1611,1637]" country="Guyana" name="slopes of Maringma-tepui" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Cuyuni-Mazaruni District">slopes of Maringma-tepui</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="7F5064D6FF89FFDABFB3F9E2FAC2F9AD" box="[1188,1399,1611,1637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Philippe J.R. Kok</collectorName>
|
||
leg.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="B65FDE28FF89FFDABBEDF9C7FE78F940" box="[250,461,1646,1673]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2007-11-20" valueMax="2007-11-22" valueMin="2007-11-20">
|
||
<date id="A61B27C0FF89FFDABBEDF9C7FE78F940" box="[250,461,1646,1673]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2007-11-20" valueMax="2007-11-22" valueMin="2007-11-20">20–22 Nov. 2007</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="8203A97BFF89FFDABAC8F9C7FD3BF940" box="[479,654,1646,1672]" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IRSNB 12862</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="8203A97BFF89FFDAB989F9C7FCFEF940" box="[670,843,1646,1672]" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IRSNB 17916</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="8203A97BFF89FFDAB84CF9C7FBBEF940" box="[859,1035,1646,1672]" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IRSNB 17939</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="62CD0B5DFF89FFDABF34F9C7FAB7F964" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1804707648" collectingDate="2006-06-26" collectingDateMax="2006-06-28" collectingDateMin="2006-06-26" collectionCode="IRSNB" collectorName="Philippe J. R. Kok" country="Guyana" location="Kaieteur National Park" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="IRSNB 14471-74" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Potaro-Siparuni District">
|
||
<specimenCount id="C4A3CA89FF89FFDABF34F9C7FBDFF941" box="[1059,1130,1646,1673]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="C4A3CA89FF89FFDABF6CF9C7FB1FF941" box="[1147,1194,1646,1673]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF89FFDABFAAF9C7FEADF963" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Potaro-Siparuni District</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D77A57DBFF89FFDABA33F938FD80F963" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A0CB016FF88FFC9B903FC78FAFEFB4B:D77A57DBFF89FFDABA33F938FD80F963" box="[292,565,1681,1707]" country="Guyana" name="Kaieteur National Park" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Potaro-Siparuni District">Kaieteur National Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="7F5064D6FF89FFDAB956F938FCA7F963" box="[577,786,1681,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Philippe J.R. Kok</collectorName>
|
||
leg.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="B65FDE28FF89FFDAB844F938FBA3F963" box="[851,1046,1681,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2006-06-26" valueMax="2006-06-28" valueMin="2006-06-26">
|
||
<date id="A61B27C0FF89FFDAB844F938FBA3F963" box="[851,1046,1681,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2006-06-26" valueMax="2006-06-28" valueMin="2006-06-26">26–28 Jun. 2006</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="8203A97BFF89FFDABF32F93BFB4CF964" box="[1061,1273,1682,1708]" collectionCode="IRSNB" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IRSNB 14471-74</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAF97AFC5DF8D9" blockId="7.[189,1398,1747,1809]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D1EBFA2FF89FFDABBE5F97AFEECF925" box="[242,345,1747,1773]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="B4B499C5FF89FFDABA7FF97AFE77F925" box="[360,450,1747,1773]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1947.2.16.92, formerly 99.3.25.19;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF89FFDAB87AF97AFC07F925" box="[877,946,1747,1773]" captionStart="Fig.2" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1851,1877]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1398,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig.2.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900).Preservedadult♂,holotype(BMNH1947.2.16.92). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Dorsolateral view. Grid squares = 5 mm. Photographs by PJRK." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173357/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) is an adult male with large vocal slits (gender of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D1EBFA2FF89FFDABA7EF95FFE65F8D8" box="[361,464,1782,1808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was not provided in the original description).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9ABF528BFF89FFD0BBAAF891FB13FAD5" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFDABBAAF891FE03F89A" blockId="7.[189,438,1848,1874]" box="[189,438,1848,1874]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<heading id="8952B66CFF89FFDABBAAF891FE03F89A" bold="true" box="[189,438,1848,1874]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF89FFDABBAAF891FE03F89A" bold="true" box="[189,438,1848,1874]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description of adult</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF89FFD4BBAAF8CEFE9DFA7C" blockId="7.[189,1399,1894,2027]" lastBlockId="9.[189,1399,1072,1460]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Measurements are provided in
|
||
<tableCitation id="9F2734BBFF89FFDAB93FF8CEFD37F849" box="[552,642,1895,1921]" captionStart="Table2" captionStartId="9.[189,258,268,294]" captionText="Table2.Measurements (in mm)of theholotypeof Pristimantismarmoratus (Boulenger,1900) and new specimens assigned to the nominal species (see text for details)." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Adult males
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF89FFDAB834F8CEFC78F849" box="[803,973,1895,1921]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.04" metricValueMin="1.76" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.4" valueMin="17.6">17.6–20.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL (n = 5), distinctly smaller than adult female
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF89FFDABA4BF823FE7DF86D" box="[348,456,1930,1957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="27.9">27.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL (n = 1). Head slightly longer than wide, wider than body; HW 36–41% of SVL; HL 37–45% of SVL; cranial crests absent. Snout longer than eye length (SL 102–133% of EL), rounded to subovoid in dorsal view, slightly sloping in profile;
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF89FFDAB8F6F878FB12F823" box="[993,1191,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
nearly straight in dorsal view, rounded in cross section, loreal region concave, flaring slightly at upper lip; EN 80–110% of EL. Nares protuberant, directed posterolaterally, visible in front, dorsal and usually ventral views. Widest upper eyelid width equal or subequal to interorbital distance. Upper eyelid granular, with 1–3 distinctly enlarged tubercles on each eyelid. Tympanum present, tympanic membrane not or only poorly differentiated, tympanic annulus only partially visible externally, obscured by supratympanic fold, TYM 22–34% of EL; small pharyngeal ostia present. Choanae small, round, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; dentigerous processes of vomers small, sometimes barely visible or even not detectable (e.g., in IRSNB 14473 on both sides, in IRSNB 17939 on left side, in IRSNB 14471 on right side), slightly oblique, ovoid, posterior and medial to choanae, each bearing 3–5 teeth when present. Tongue cordiform, slightly longer than wide, posterior half free. Vocal slits present in male, vocal sac single, subgular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="86DA5188FF86FFD5BBAAF892FAE6F8B1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173357/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[189,1398,265,1805]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF86FFD5BBAAF892FAE6F8B1" blockId="8.[189,1399,1851,1913]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF86FFD5BBAAF892FEBCF89D" bold="true" box="[189,265,1851,1877]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF86FFD5BA18F895FCA4F89D" authority="(Boulenger, 1900)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[271,785,1851,1877]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF86FFD5BA18F895FD86F89D" box="[271,563,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Preserved adult ♂, holotype (BMNH 1947.2.16.92).
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF86FFD5BBAAF8F7FF67F8B0" bold="true" box="[189,210,1886,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF86FFD5BA6BF8F7FE25F8B0" bold="true" box="[380,400,1886,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF86FFD5B957F8F7FDE0F8B0" bold="true" box="[576,597,1886,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsolateral view. Grid squares = 5 mm. Photographs by PJRK.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="86DA5188FF87FFD4BBAAFEA5FC1CFE81" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF87FFD4BBAAFEA5FC1CFE81" blockId="9.[189,1399,267,329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBAAFEA5FEABFEED" bold="true" box="[189,286,267,294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in mm) of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF87FFD4B818FEA5FABBFEED" authority="(Boulenger, 1900)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[783,1294,267,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4B818FEA5FB86FEED" box="[783,1075,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and new specimens assigned to the nominal species (see text for details).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF87FFD4BBC1FE2FFAFDFC2A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<table id="A0A5F3A0FF870022BBC1FEDCFAD1FC2A" box="[214,1380,373,994]" gridcols="9" gridrows="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FEDCFAD1FE65" box="[214,1380,373,429]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FEDCFE80FE65" box="[214,309,373,429]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBC1FE2FFE80FE56" bold="true" box="[214,309,390,414]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Voucher</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FEDCFDABFE65" box="[342,542,373,429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BA41FEDFFDB5FE65" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Holotype, BMNH 1947.2.16.92</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFEDCFD3FFE65" box="[569,650,373,429]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4B92EFEDCFD36FE65" bold="true" box="[569,650,373,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IRSNB 14471</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FEDCFCB6FE65" box="[690,771,373,429]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4B9A5FEDCFD49FE65" bold="true" box="[690,771,373,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IRSNB 14472</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFEDCFCC9FE65" box="[811,892,373,429]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4B83CFEDCFCC0FE65" bold="true" box="[811,892,373,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IRSNB 14473</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FEDCFC40FE65" box="[932,1013,373,429]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4B8B3FEDCFC5BFE65" bold="true" box="[932,1013,373,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IRSNB 17939</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFEDCFBDBFE65" box="[1053,1134,373,429]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BF0AFEDCFBD2FE65" bold="true" box="[1053,1134,373,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IRSNB 12862</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FEDCFB52FE65" box="[1174,1255,373,429]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BF81FEDCFB55FE65" bold="true" box="[1174,1255,373,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IRSNB 14474</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFEDCFAD1FE65" box="[1291,1380,373,429]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BE18FEDCFAECFE65" bold="true" box="[1295,1376,373,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IRSNB 17916</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FE10FAD1FE19" box="[214,1380,441,465]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FE10FE80FE19" box="[214,309,441,465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBCCFE10FE84FE19" bold="true" box="[219,305,441,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gender</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FE10FDABFE19" box="[342,542,441,465]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">♂</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFE10FD3FFE19" box="[569,650,441,465]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">♂</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FE10FCB6FE19" box="[690,771,441,465]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">♂</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFE10FCC9FE19" box="[811,892,441,465]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">♂</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FE10FC40FE19" box="[932,1013,441,465]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">♂</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFE10FBDBFE19" box="[1053,1134,441,465]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">♂</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FE10FB52FE19" box="[1174,1255,441,465]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">♀</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFE10FAD1FE19" box="[1291,1380,441,465]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Juvenile</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FE76FAD1FE3F" box="[214,1380,479,503]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FE76FE80FE3F" box="[214,309,479,503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBFAFE76FE94FE3F" bold="true" box="[237,289,479,503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">SVL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FE76FDABFE3F" box="[342,542,479,503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17.9</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFE76FD3FFE3F" box="[569,650,479,503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">19.4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FE76FCB6FE3F" box="[690,771,479,503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">19.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFE76FCC9FE3F" box="[811,892,479,503]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FE76FC40FE3F" box="[932,1013,479,503]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">20.4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFE76FBDBFE3F" box="[1053,1134,479,503]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">20.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FE76FB52FE3F" box="[1174,1255,479,503]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">27.9</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFE76FAD1FE3F" box="[1291,1380,479,503]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FDACFAD1FDD5" box="[214,1380,517,541]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FDACFE80FDD5" box="[214,309,517,541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBE4FDACFEAFFDD5" bold="true" box="[243,282,517,541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">HL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FDACFDABFDD5" box="[342,542,517,541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFDACFD3FFDD5" box="[569,650,517,541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FDACFCB6FDD5" box="[690,771,517,541]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFDACFCC9FDD5" box="[811,892,517,541]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.9</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FDACFC40FDD5" box="[932,1013,517,541]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFDACFBDBFDD5" box="[1053,1134,517,541]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.9</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FDACFB52FDD5" box="[1174,1255,517,541]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFDACFAD1FDD5" box="[1291,1380,517,541]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FD83FAD1FD8B" box="[214,1380,554,579]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FD83FE80FD8B" box="[214,309,554,579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBF9FD82FEA8FD8B" bold="true" box="[238,285,555,579]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">HW</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FD83FDABFD8B" box="[342,542,554,579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6.4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFD83FD3FFD8B" box="[569,650,554,579]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FD83FCB6FD8B" box="[690,771,554,579]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFD83FCC9FD8B" box="[811,892,554,579]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FD83FC40FD8B" box="[932,1013,554,579]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFD83FBDBFD8B" box="[1053,1134,554,579]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.3</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FD83FB52FD8B" box="[1174,1255,554,579]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFD83FAD1FD8B" box="[1291,1380,554,579]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FDF9FAD1FDA0" box="[214,1380,592,616]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FDF9FE80FDA0" box="[214,309,592,616]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBE1FDF9FEA2FDA0" bold="true" box="[246,279,592,616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">SL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FDF9FDABFDA0" box="[342,542,592,616]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFDF9FD3FFDA0" box="[569,650,592,616]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FDF9FCB6FDA0" box="[690,771,592,616]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFDF9FCC9FDA0" box="[811,892,592,616]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FDF9FC40FDA0" box="[932,1013,592,616]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFDF9FBDBFDA0" box="[1053,1134,592,616]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FDF9FB52FDA0" box="[1174,1255,592,616]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFDF9FAD1FDA0" box="[1291,1380,592,616]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FDDFFAD1FD46" box="[214,1380,630,654]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FDDFFE80FD46" box="[214,309,630,654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBE4FDDFFEADFD46" bold="true" box="[243,280,630,654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">EN</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FDDFFDABFD46" box="[342,542,630,654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFDDFFD3FFD46" box="[569,650,630,654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FDDFFCB6FD46" box="[690,771,630,654]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFDDFFCC9FD46" box="[811,892,630,654]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FDDFFC40FD46" box="[932,1013,630,654]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFDDFFBDBFD46" box="[1053,1134,630,654]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FDDFFB52FD46" box="[1174,1255,630,654]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFDDFFAD1FD46" box="[1291,1380,630,654]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FD35FAD1FD7C" box="[214,1380,668,692]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FD35FE80FD7C" box="[214,309,668,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBE0FD35FEA0FD7C" bold="true" box="[247,277,668,692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IN</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FD35FDABFD7C" box="[342,542,668,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFD35FD3FFD7C" box="[569,650,668,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FD35FCB6FD7C" box="[690,771,668,692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFD35FCC9FD7C" box="[811,892,668,692]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FD35FC40FD7C" box="[932,1013,668,692]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFD35FBDBFD7C" box="[1053,1134,668,692]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FD35FB52FD7C" box="[1174,1255,668,692]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFD35FAD1FD7C" box="[1291,1380,668,692]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FD6BFAD1FD12" box="[214,1380,706,730]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FD6BFE80FD12" box="[214,309,706,730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBE2FD6BFEACFD12" bold="true" box="[245,281,706,730]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">EL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FD6BFDABFD12" box="[342,542,706,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFD6BFD3FFD12" box="[569,650,706,730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FD6BFCB6FD12" box="[690,771,706,730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFD6BFCC9FD12" box="[811,892,706,730]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FD6BFC40FD12" box="[932,1013,706,730]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFD6BFBDBFD12" box="[1053,1134,706,730]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FD6BFB52FD12" box="[1174,1255,706,730]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFD6BFAD1FD12" box="[1291,1380,706,730]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FD4EFAD1FCC8" box="[214,1380,743,768]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FD4EFE80FCC8" box="[214,309,743,768]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBE1FD4EFEA0FD37" bold="true" box="[246,277,743,767]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IO</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FD4EFDABFCC8" box="[342,542,743,768]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFD4EFD3FFCC8" box="[569,650,743,768]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FD4EFCB6FCC8" box="[690,771,743,768]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFD4EFCC9FCC8" box="[811,892,743,768]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FD4EFC40FCC8" box="[932,1013,743,768]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFD4EFBDBFCC8" box="[1053,1134,743,768]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FD4EFB52FCC8" box="[1174,1255,743,768]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFD4EFAD1FCC8" box="[1291,1380,743,768]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FCA4FAD1FCED" box="[214,1380,781,805]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FCA4FE80FCED" box="[214,309,781,805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBF0FCA4FE90FCED" bold="true" box="[231,293,781,805]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TYM</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FCA4FDABFCED" box="[342,542,781,805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFCA4FD3FFCED" box="[569,650,781,805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FCA4FCB6FCED" box="[690,771,781,805]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFCA4FCC9FCED" box="[811,892,781,805]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FCA4FC40FCED" box="[932,1013,781,805]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFCA4FBDBFCED" box="[1053,1134,781,805]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FCA4FB52FCED" box="[1174,1255,781,805]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFCA4FAD1FCED" box="[1291,1380,781,805]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FC9AFAD1FC83" box="[214,1380,819,843]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FC9AFE80FC83" box="[214,309,819,843]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBC8FC9AFE9BFC83" bold="true" box="[223,302,819,843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">HAND</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FC9AFDABFC83" box="[342,542,819,843]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFC9AFD3FFC83" box="[569,650,819,843]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FC9AFCB6FC83" box="[690,771,819,843]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFC9AFCC9FC83" box="[811,892,819,843]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FC9AFC40FC83" box="[932,1013,819,843]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFC9AFBDBFC83" box="[1053,1134,819,843]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FC9AFB52FC83" box="[1174,1255,819,843]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFC9AFAD1FC83" box="[1291,1380,819,843]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FCF0FAD1FCB9" box="[214,1380,857,881]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FCF0FE80FCB9" box="[214,309,857,881]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBF0FCF0FE90FCB9" bold="true" box="[231,293,857,881]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">WFD</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FCF0FDABFCB9" box="[342,542,857,881]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFCF0FD3FFCB9" box="[569,650,857,881]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FCF0FCB6FCB9" box="[690,771,857,881]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFCF0FCC9FCB9" box="[811,892,857,881]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FCF0FC40FCB9" box="[932,1013,857,881]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFCF0FBDBFCB9" box="[1053,1134,857,881]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FCF0FB52FCB9" box="[1174,1255,857,881]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFCF0FAD1FCB9" box="[1291,1380,857,881]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FCD6FAD1FC5F" box="[214,1380,895,919]" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FCD6FE80FC5F" box="[214,309,895,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBE1FCD6FEADFC5F" bold="true" box="[246,280,895,919]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FCD6FDABFC5F" box="[342,542,895,919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFCD6FD3FFC5F" box="[569,650,895,919]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FCD6FCB6FC5F" box="[690,771,895,919]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.3</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFCD6FCC9FC5F" box="[811,892,895,919]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FCD6FC40FC5F" box="[932,1013,895,919]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFCD6FBDBFC5F" box="[1053,1134,895,919]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FCD6FB52FC5F" box="[1174,1255,895,919]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFCD6FAD1FC5F" box="[1291,1380,895,919]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FC0DFAD1FC75" box="[214,1380,932,957]" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FC0DFE80FC75" box="[214,309,932,957]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBF1FC0DFE93FC74" bold="true" box="[230,294,932,956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">WTD</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FC0DFDABFC75" box="[342,542,932,957]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFC0DFD3FFC75" box="[569,650,932,957]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FC0DFCB6FC75" box="[690,771,932,957]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFC0DFCC9FC75" box="[811,892,932,957]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FC0DFC40FC75" box="[932,1013,932,957]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFC0DFBDBFC75" box="[1053,1134,932,957]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FC0DFB52FC75" box="[1174,1255,932,957]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFC0DFAD1FC75" box="[1291,1380,932,957]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6C950342FF870022BBC1FC63FAD1FC2A" box="[214,1380,970,994]" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="2F446A3EFF870022BBC1FC63FE80FC2A" box="[214,309,970,994]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4BBE7FC63FEABFC2A" bold="true" box="[240,286,970,994]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TIL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BA41FC63FDABFC2A" box="[342,542,970,994]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B92EFC63FD3FFC2A" box="[569,650,970,994]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B9A5FC63FCB6FC2A" box="[690,771,970,994]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10.9</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B83CFC63FCC9FC2A" box="[811,892,970,994]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022B8B3FC63FC40FC2A" box="[932,1013,970,994]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF0AFC63FBDBFC2A" box="[1053,1134,970,994]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11.9</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BF81FC63FB52FC2A" box="[1174,1255,970,994]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2F446A3EFF870022BE1CFC63FAD1FC2A" box="[1291,1380,970,994]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF87FFD4BBAAFA75FE09F8F4" blockId="9.[189,1399,1500,1852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Dorsal skin texture fairly variable (probably depending on activity, as observed in several species of the genus; see for example
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF87FFD4BAC5F9A9FD58F9D3" author="Guayasamin" box="[466,749,1536,1563]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Guayasamin J. M., Krynak T., Krynak K., Culebras J. & Hutter C. R. 2015. Phenotypic plasticity raises questions for taxonomically important traits: a remarkable new Andean rainfrog (Pristimantis) with the ability to change skin texture. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173: 913 - 928. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12222" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4B97BF9A8FD12F9D3" box="[620,679,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), from granular to pustulate, including on head, usually with distinctly enlarged tubercles (dorsal skin less pustulate in female); well-developed oblique scapular ridges in males (less prominent in female); middorsal raphe not, or barely, detectable; supratympanic fold conspicuous in life, slightly arched, originating at posterior corner of eye, failing to reach shoulder; large post-rictal tubercles present; a weak dermal fold often present along upper flank; flanks granular. Throat surface smooth; upper chest smooth; weak thoracic fold; belly skin granular, those granules not as closely set as in so-called areolate skin (
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF87FFD4B9A7F973FD44F93B" box="[688,753,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF87FFD4B9EFF970FBBBF93C" author="Duellman" box="[760,1038,1753,1780]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Duellman W. E. & Lehr E. 2009. Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. NTV Science, Munster, Germany." type="book" year="2009">Duellman & Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), sometimes becoming smooth in preservative; weak discoidal fold anterior to groin; posteroventral thigh and cloacal region areolate; cloacal sheath absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF87FFD7BBAAF8CDFBDCFDE9" blockId="9.[189,1399,1892,2027]" lastBlockId="10.[189,1399,267,546]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Hand length 26–30% of SVL. Finger
|
||
<date id="A61B27C0FF87FFD4B96AF8CCFD18F8B7" box="[637,685,1892,1919]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1975-01">I 75</date>
|
||
–83% of FII in males, 86% of FII in female. Relative length of fingers III> IV> II> I; adpressed Finger I fails to reach proximal edge of digital pad of Finger II; adpressed Finger IV reaches beyond distal subarticular tubercle. One unpigmented whitish (translucent when wet) nuptial pad located on preaxial side of thenar tubercle on each thumb in male, a second pad is sometimes present (on one thumb or on both) on preaxial side of first subarticular tubercle. Fingers basally webbed, with moderately developed lateral fringes, usually more conspicuously developed preaxially on Finger II. Finger discs broadly elliptical, broader than long, circumferential groove conspicuous; disc on Finger III ca three times as wide as distal end of adjacent phalanx. Palmar tubercle V-shaped, usually pigmented, often broken in three distinct small tubercles; thenar tubercle large, ovoid, protuberant; supernumerary tubercles few, large, subequal to subarticular tubercles, round and protuberant: subarticular tubercles large, round and protuberant, one each on FI and FII, two each on FII and FIV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF84FFD7BA6AFDAEFE71FDE9" box="[381,452,519,545]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1843,1869]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1398,345,1796]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Ventral view of left hand and left foot of a male (top), and ventral view of right hand and right foot of a female (below), both from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana.Photographs by PJRK." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173359/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ulnar tubercles small, in line. Axillary tubercles absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF84FFD7BBAAFDE0FC2EFC6F" blockId="10.[189,1399,585,936]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Hind limbs moderate in length, heels slightly overlap when held at right angles to sagittal plane; TIL 50–59% of SVL; FL 32% of SVL in female, 40–50% of SVL in males. Relative length of toes IV> V> III> II> I; tip of Toe V extends to distal edge of distal tubercle on Toe IV when toes are adpressed. Lateral fringes on all toes, best developed preaxially on Toes II–IV; webbing basal between Toes II–V. Toe discs subequal to finger discs, WTD /WFD 0.9; toe discs broadly expanded, elliptical, broader than long, circumferential groove conspicuous. Inner metatarsal tubercle elongate, oval, about 3–4 times size of round, projecting outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles round, large and protuberant; supernumerary plantar tubercles small, low and round, increasing in size distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF84FFD7BFAEFCECFAB0FCA8" box="[1209,1285,837,864]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1843,1869]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,345,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1398,345,1796]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Ventral view of left hand and left foot of a male (top), and ventral view of right hand and right foot of a female (below), both from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana.Photographs by PJRK." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173359/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). One to three slightly enlarged calcar tubercles present; outer tarsal tubercles few, low, barely detectable in preservative; inner tarsal fold short, straight to slightly curved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF84FFD7BBAAFC79FED6FC22" blockId="10.[189,355,976,1002]" box="[189,355,976,1002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<heading id="8952B66CFF84FFD7BBAAFC79FED6FC22" bold="true" box="[189,355,976,1002]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF84FFD7BBAAFC79FED6FC22" bold="true" box="[189,355,976,1002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colour in life</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF84FFD7BBAAFC56FCCDF9FD" blockId="10.[189,1399,1023,1590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The dorsal pattern of living specimens ranges from large, weakly visible, dark brown or grey-brown blotches to nearly uniformly brownish grey. Dorsolaterally, the pair of oblique scapular ridges is light grey on top and edged with black pigment, running from the level of the posterior of the eye to the level of the armpit. One specimen (IRSNB 14473) has distinct beige oblique lateral stripes running from tip of snout (where they fuse) to groin. Top of the forearm with a single, medial, dark brown band about onethird to one-half the width of the forearm; top of the thigh with three wide dark brown bands alternating with three light grey or reddish brown bands, all continuing onto the top of the tarsus. Diffuse yellow or paler green wash on groin. A dark blotch runs from over the ear to the angle of the mouth and two wide, dark vertical patches span from the eye to the upper lip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF84FFD7B8B3FAB6FC5BFAF1" box="[932,1006,1311,1337]" captionStart="Fig.4" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1771,1797]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig.4.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900)(fourindividualsatthetop)andP.pulvinatus(Rivero, 1968) (twoindividuals below).Intraspecificvariation in dorsalcolour pattern and sexualdimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of P. marmoratus is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected P.pulvinatus, which is by CBA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173361/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF84FFD7BF13FAB6FB65FAF1" box="[1028,1232,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
not set off by colour from the snout or upper lip as in some other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF84FFD7B835FAEDFC04FA95" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" box="[802,945,1348,1373]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF84FFD7B835FAEDFC04FA95" box="[802,945,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF84FFD7BF0BFAEDFB06FA95" baseAuthorityName="Rivero" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1052,1203,1347,1373]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF84FFD7BF0BFAEDFB06FA95" box="[1052,1203,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF84FFD7BFE6FAEAFA8CFA95" box="[1265,1337,1347,1373]" captionStart="Fig.4" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1771,1797]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig.4.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900)(fourindividualsatthetop)andP.pulvinatus(Rivero, 1968) (twoindividuals below).Intraspecificvariation in dorsalcolour pattern and sexualdimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of P. marmoratus is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected P.pulvinatus, which is by CBA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173361/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Iris pale gold to bronze with fine black reticulations, a median horizontal brown to reddish brown bar, and a vertical streak running across the iris (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF84FFD7B98AFA22FD52FA6D" box="[669,743,1419,1445]" captionStart="Fig.4" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1771,1797]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig.4.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900)(fourindividualsatthetop)andP.pulvinatus(Rivero, 1968) (twoindividuals below).Intraspecificvariation in dorsalcolour pattern and sexualdimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of P. marmoratus is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected P.pulvinatus, which is by CBA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173361/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral pattern is fairly variable and may change depending on light intensity, varying from whitish to grey or dark brown with series of tiny, dark brown punctuations and light grey flecking, the latter mostly on the belly. Skin on belly is translucent with some organs visible through it. Anterior and lower posterior surfaces of thighs are brown to dark brown with light grey flecking. Palms and soles are grey to dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF84FFD7BBAAF9F4FE63F9BF" blockId="10.[189,470,1629,1655]" box="[189,470,1629,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<heading id="8952B66CFF84FFD7BBAAF9F4FE63F9BF" bold="true" box="[189,470,1629,1655]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF84FFD7BBAAF9F4FE63F9BF" bold="true" box="[189,470,1629,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colour in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF84FFD0BBAAF924FB2CFE81" blockId="10.[189,1399,1677,2027]" lastBlockId="13.[189,1399,267,330]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Dorsal colour in specimens after ca 10 years in preservative is similar to when alive, but with the melanin more prominent, revealing the large, indistinct blotches on some specimens and a more or less uniformly distributed medium brown colour on others. Relatively distinct light areas in the shape of a V extend backward from the posterior of the orbit with the apex of the V terminating at the scapular ridges at the level of the insertion of the forelimbs; margins of the light V patch are usually edged with black pigment. The dark transverse bands on the forearm and legs described for living frogs are much more pronounced in preserved specimens. Anterior and lower posterior surfaces of thighs are light brown with white flecking. The diffuse yellow/ pale green wash on the groin present in life becomes immaculate white in preservative. Ventral colouration is a uniformly distributed series of tiny, warm brown punctuations on the chin, belly, and undersurfaces of the legs, feet, and toes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF84FFD7B863F878FC0FF823" box="[884,954,2000,2027]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[259,1324,265,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[259,1324,265,1938]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Intraspecific variation in dorsal (top) and ventral (below) colour patterns in preserved specimens.Photographs by PJRK." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173363/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D1EBFA2FF84FFD7BF6DF878FB54F823" box="[1146,1249,2001,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(> 115 years in preservative,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF83FFD0BA6FFEA2FE08FEED" box="[376,445,267,293]" captionStart="Fig.2" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1851,1877]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1398,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig.2.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900).Preservedadult♂,holotype(BMNH1947.2.16.92). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Dorsolateral view. Grid squares = 5 mm. Photographs by PJRK." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173357/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a similar colour pattern as the other specimens examined, except that its skin has turned completely brown dorsally and ventrally, and some markings have faded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="86DA5188FF85FFD6BBAAF89AFDC3F85C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173359/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[189,1398,345,1796]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF85FFD6BBAAF89AFDC3F85C" blockId="11.[189,1399,1843,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF85FFD6BBAAF89AFEB8F885" bold="true" box="[189,269,1843,1869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF85FFD6BA01F89DFC90F886" authority="(Boulenger, 1900)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[278,805,1843,1870]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF85FFD6BA01F89DFD8BF885" box="[278,574,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ventral view of left hand and left foot of a male (top), and ventral view of right hand and right foot of a female (below), both from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Photographs by PJRK.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="86DA5188FF82FFD1BBAAF942FD71F85B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173361/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[189,1398,265,1716]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF82FFD1BBAAF942FD71F85B" blockId="12.[189,1399,1771,1939]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF82FFD1BBAAF942FEBDF8CD" bold="true" box="[189,264,1771,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF82FFD1BA1AF945FCBCF8CE" authority="(Boulenger, 1900)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[269,777,1772,1798]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF82FFD1BA1AF945FD85F8CD" box="[269,560,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(four individuals at the top) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF82FFD1BF6BF945FEB4F8E2" authority="(Rivero, 1968)" authorityName="Rivero" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Rivero" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF82FFD1BF6BF945FAA5F8CE" box="[1148,1296,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Rivero, 1968)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two individuals below). Intraspecific variation in dorsal colour pattern and sexual dimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF82FFD1BBC9F8FFFE3EF8A7" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[222,395,1878,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF82FFD1BBC9F8FFFE3EF8A7" box="[222,395,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF82FFD1BA5BF8D0FE57F85A" baseAuthorityName="Rivero" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[332,482,1912,1938]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF82FFD1BA5BF8D0FE57F85A" box="[332,482,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is by CBA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF83FFD0BBAAFED8FE2AFE43" blockId="13.[189,415,369,395]" box="[189,415,369,395]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<heading id="8952B66CFF83FFD0BBAAFED8FE2AFE43" bold="true" box="[189,415,369,395]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BBAAFED8FE2AFE43" bold="true" box="[189,415,369,395]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Colour in juvenile</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF83FFD0BBAAFE09FEE9FCA1" blockId="13.[189,1399,416,873]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The colour pattern of one live juvenile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF83FFD0B988FE09FD49FE73" box="[671,764,416,443]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,838,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,838,1746]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6.A. Guzmania cf. sphaeroidea (André)André ex Mez, an arboreal bromeliad species used as egg deposition site by Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) in the Wokomung Massif. B. Egg clutch of Pristimantis marmoratus deposited on a leaf of the arboreal bromeliad Guzmania cf. sphaeroidea in theWokomung Massif.C. Egg clutchof Anomaloglossus beebei(Noble, 1923) (white arrow) deposited in the phytotelmata of the same plant as in B. D. Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 17916, 11.3 mm SVL, a juvenile of P. marmoratus collected on the slopes of Maringma-tepui, Guyana. PhotographsA–C by DBM, D by PJRK." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173365/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
) was similar to that of the adults, except that a wide band of black pigment wrapped around the anterior one-third of the body from the middle of the belly to between the eyes and the top the orbits, including the forearms and feet. Another blotch of black pigment covered one-fifth of the posterior of the back and cloaca as well as on the opposing parts of the heels and tips of the knees. Light brown colour with a faint stippling of tiny dark brown dots formed a dorsal saddle between the darkly pigmented areas and coloured the entire snout, top of the hind limbs, a roundish blotch over the ear, and on top of the two small warty scapular ridges. As in the adults, three medium brown, transverse crossbands are evident on top of all three segments of the hind limbs, continuing from the sides of the body. Two prominent, black-pigment-fringed, medium brown dorsoventral streaks run from the bottom of each orbit to the upper lip. As in adults, the iris is bronze with fine black reticulations, a median horizontal reddish brown bar and a vertical streak running across the iris. The ventral parts of the juvenile were completely black covered by light grey and light greenish brown flecks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF83FFD0BBAAFC38FE05FC63" blockId="13.[189,432,913,939]" box="[189,432,913,939]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<heading id="8952B66CFF83FFD0BBAAFC38FE05FC63" bold="true" box="[189,432,913,939]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BBAAFC38FE05FC63" bold="true" box="[189,432,913,939]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF83FFD0BBAAFC69FB13FAD5" blockId="13.[189,1399,960,1310]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Sexual dimorphism is evident in size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF83FFD0B993FC69FD45FC13" box="[644,752,960,987]" captionStart-0="Fig.4" captionStart-1="Fig. 5" captionStartId-0="12.[189,232,1771,1797]" captionStartId-1="14.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetBox-1="[259,1324,265,1938]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[259,1324,265,1938]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="Fig.4.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900)(fourindividualsatthetop)andP.pulvinatus(Rivero, 1968) (twoindividuals below).Intraspecificvariation in dorsalcolour pattern and sexualdimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of P. marmoratus is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected P.pulvinatus, which is by CBA." captionText-1="Fig. 5. Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Intraspecific variation in dorsal (top) and ventral (below) colour patterns in preserved specimens.Photographs by PJRK." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1173361/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1173363/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the only known adult female being much larger than adult males (max.
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF83FFD0BAD8FC4DFD8DFC37" box="[463,568,996,1023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="20.4">20.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in males vs
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF83FFD0B81FFC4DFCC5FC37" box="[776,880,996,1023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="27.9">27.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in female), and by the presence of 1–2 whitish nuptial pads in males. Since only one female is known, possible sexually dimorphic characters are hard to evaluate, but we nevertheless note differences in the dorsal skin texture (less tuberculate in the female, with less prominent oblique scapular ridges;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF83FFD0B84BFBF9FC73FBA3" box="[860,966,1104,1131]" captionStart-0="Fig.4" captionStart-1="Fig. 5" captionStartId-0="12.[189,232,1771,1797]" captionStartId-1="14.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetBox-1="[259,1324,265,1938]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[259,1324,265,1938]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="Fig.4.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900)(fourindividualsatthetop)andP.pulvinatus(Rivero, 1968) (twoindividuals below).Intraspecificvariation in dorsalcolour pattern and sexualdimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of P. marmoratus is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected P.pulvinatus, which is by CBA." captionText-1="Fig. 5. Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Intraspecific variation in dorsal (top) and ventral (below) colour patterns in preserved specimens.Photographs by PJRK." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1173361/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1173363/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
). No evident sexual dichromatism is detected, although the only known female has a large whitish unpigmented blotch on the lower throat and upper chest, which is absent in males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF83FFD0B9BBFB3EFD46FB7A" box="[684,755,1175,1202]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[259,1324,265,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[259,1324,265,1938]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Intraspecific variation in dorsal (top) and ventral (below) colour patterns in preserved specimens.Photographs by PJRK." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173363/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Compared to SVL, hands and tibia are slightly longer in males than in the only known female (HAND 27–30% vs 26% of SVL in female; TIL 54–59% vs 50% of SVL in female), and feet are longer in males than in the only known female (FL 40–50% vs 32% of SVL in female). No additional significant difference was detected in other size ratios.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9ABF528BFF83FFCDBBAAFAECFB0AFB2B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF83FFD0BBAAFAECFCDEFA97" blockId="13.[189,875,1349,1375]" box="[189,875,1349,1375]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<heading id="8952B66CFF83FFD0BBAAFAECFCDEFA97" bold="true" box="[189,875,1349,1375]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BBAAFAECFCDEFA97" bold="true" box="[189,875,1349,1375]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Comparison with other species from the Guiana Shield</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF83FFD0BBAAFADDFAA2F9D6" blockId="13.[189,1399,1396,1567]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The combination of FI <II, SVL ≤
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF83FFD0B970FADCFD0FFA46" box="[615,698,1396,1423]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1815999999999995" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="20.4">20.4 in</quantity>
|
||
males, presence of vocal slits in males, granular / pustulate dorsal skin with well-developed scapular ridges, basal webbing between fingers, fringes on fingers and toes, crossed iris, diffuse yellow or pale green wash on groin, absence of flashy colour on axillary/ preaxillary region, and absence of conspicuous canthal stripe immediately distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0BFF0FA48FEF9F9D6" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BFF0FA48FEF9F9D6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all described congeners reported from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF83FFD0B894F9ADFC6DF9D6" box="[899,984,1540,1566]" name="Guyana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield, lowlands included.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF83FFCDBBAAF9EEFB0AFB2B" blockId="13.[189,1399,1606,2027]" lastBlockId="16.[189,1399,267,1251]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
More specifically compared to the 23 described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0B886F9EEFB95F9A8" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" box="[913,1056,1607,1632]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0B886F9EEFB95F9A8" box="[913,1056,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently reported from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF83FFD0BBAAF9C3FEA7F94C" box="[189,274,1642,1668]" name="Guyana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield uplands and highlands (i.e., between ca 400 and
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF83FFD0B8FAF9C3FBF8F94C" box="[1005,1101,1642,1668]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2900.0">2900 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0BFF0F9C2FEF9F960" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BFF0F9C2FEF9F960" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is immediately distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0B9EDF926FF4FF904" authority="Rojas-Runjaic, Salerno, Senaris & Pauly, 2013" authorityName="Rojas-Runjaic, Salerno, Senaris & Pauly" authorityYear="2013" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abakapa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0B9EDF926FCCAF960" box="[762,895,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. abakapa</emphasis>
|
||
Rojas-Runjaic, Salerno, Señaris & Pauly, 2013
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0BA18F91AFCE3F904" authority="Kok, Means & Bossuyt, 2011" authorityName="Kok, Means & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2011" box="[271,854,1714,1740]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BA18F91AFE72F904" box="[271,455,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. aureoventris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF83FFD0BAC0F91BFCE3F904" author="Kok" box="[471,854,1714,1740]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kok P. J. R., Means D. B. & Bossuyt F. 2011. A new highland species of Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1871 (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Pantepui region, northern South America. Zootaxa 2934: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2011">Kok, Means & Bossuyt, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0B87CF91AFAC4F904" authority="(Myers & Donnelly, 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[875,1393,1714,1740]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auricarens">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0B87CF91AFBBBF904" box="[875,1038,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. auricarens</emphasis>
|
||
(Myers & Donnelly, 2008)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0BBAAF97FFD23F938" authority="(Myers & Donnelly, 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[189,662,1749,1776]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cantitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BBAAF97FFEFDF927" box="[189,328,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. cantitans</emphasis>
|
||
(Myers & Donnelly, 1996)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0B9B3F97FFB15F938" authority="Means & Savage, 2007" authorityName="Means & Savage" authorityYear="2007" box="[676,1184,1750,1776]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dendrobatoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0B9B3F97FFCCDF938" box="[676,888,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. dendrobatoides</emphasis>
|
||
Means & Savage, 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0BFB9F97FFF4FF8DC" authority="Kok, 2013" authorityName="Kok" authorityYear="2013" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imthurni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BFB9F97FFA86F938" box="[1198,1331,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. imthurni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF83FFD0BE2AF97CFF4FF8DC" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref11419" refString="Fouquet A., Martinez Q., Courtois E. A., Dewynter M., Pineau K., Gaucher P., Blanc M., Marty C. & Kok P. J. R. 2013. A new species of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia, Craugastoridae) associated with the moderately elevated massifs of French Guiana. Zootaxa 3750: 569 - 586." type="journal article">Kok, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0BA11F953FDEEF8DC" authority="Kok, 2013" authorityName="Kok" authorityYear="2013" box="[262,603,1785,1812]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jamescameroni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BA11F953FE60F8DB" box="[262,469,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. jamescameroni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF83FFD0BACAF950FDEEF8DC" box="[477,603,1785,1812]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref11419" refString="Fouquet A., Martinez Q., Courtois E. A., Dewynter M., Pineau K., Gaucher P., Blanc M., Marty C. & Kok P. J. R. 2013. A new species of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia, Craugastoridae) associated with the moderately elevated massifs of French Guiana. Zootaxa 3750: 569 - 586." type="journal article">Kok, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0B97FF953FC57F8DC" authority="Means & Savage, 2007" authorityName="Means & Savage" authorityYear="2007" box="[616,994,1786,1812]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jester">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0B97FF953FD73F8DB" box="[616,710,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. jester</emphasis>
|
||
Means & Savage, 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0B8F9F953FE7AF8FF" authority="(Fuentes-Ramos & Barrio-Amoros, 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Fuentes-Ramos & Barrio-Amoros" baseAuthorityYear="2004" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marahuaka">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0B8F9F953FB24F8DB" box="[1006,1169,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. marahuaka</emphasis>
|
||
(Fuentes-Ramos & Barrio-Amorós, 2004)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0BAF4F8B7FAC7F8FF" authority="Barrio-Amoros, Mesa, Brewer-Carias & McDiarmid, 2010" authorityName="Barrio-Amoros, Mesa, Brewer-Carias & McDiarmid" authorityYear="2010" box="[483,1394,1821,1848]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muchimuk">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BAF4F8B7FD37F8FF" box="[483,642,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. muchimuk</emphasis>
|
||
Barrio-Amorós, Mesa, Brewer-Carías & McDiarmid, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0BBAAF8EBFD3EF893" authority="Means & Savage, 2007" authorityName="Means & Savage" authorityYear="2007" box="[189,651,1857,1884]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BBAAF8EBFEEAF893" box="[189,351,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. saltissimus</emphasis>
|
||
Means & Savage, 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0B98CF8EBFBCFF894" authority="(Myers & Donnelly, 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[667,1146,1857,1884]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yaviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0B98CF8EBFC92F893" box="[667,807,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. yaviensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Myers & Donnelly, 1996)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0BFD7F8EBFE51F8B7" authority="Rodder & Jungfer, 2008" authorityName="Rodder & Jungfer" authorityYear="2008" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuruaniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BFD7F8EBFAC3F893" box="[1216,1398,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. yuruaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
Rödder & Jungfer, 2008
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by the presence of large vocal slits in males (absent in the aforementioned species); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0BA7FF823FCC9F86B" authority="(Schluter & Rodder, 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Schluter & Rodder" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[360,892,1929,1955]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaiquinimensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BA7FF823FDF6F86B" box="[360,579,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. guaiquinimensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Schlüter & Rödder, 2007)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male unknown, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF83FFD0BF78F820FF4CF80F" author="Kok" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kok P. J. R. & Barrio-Amoros C. L. 2013. On the taxonomic validity of Pristimantis tepuiensis (Schluter & Rodder, 2007) and P. stegolepis (Schluter & Rodder, 2007), with remarks on the type series of P. guaiquinimensis (Schluter & Rodder, 2007). Zootaxa 3694: 75 - 8 0. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3694.1.6" type="journal article" year="2013">Kok & Barrio-Amorós 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) mainly in having granular/ tuberculate skin (smooth to finely granular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0BF92F807FAD0F80F" baseAuthorityName="Schluter & Rodder" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[1157,1381,1966,1991]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaiquinimensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0BF92F807FAD0F80F" box="[1157,1381,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. guaiquinimensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), fringes on fingers and toes (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF83FFD0B965F87BFCFBF823" baseAuthorityName="Schluter & Rodder" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[626,846,2002,2027]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaiquinimensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF83FFD0B965F87BFCFBF823" box="[626,846,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. guaiquinimensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), basal webbing between most fingers and toes (absent), and smaller SVL in female (
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF81FFD2B96BFEA2FD5DFEEE" box="[636,744,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="27.9">27.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2B807FEA5FC08FEED" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[784,957,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2B807FEA5FC08FEED" box="[784,957,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF81FFD2B8FEFEA2FBCBFEED" box="[1001,1150,267,293]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5217" metricValueMax="8.8138" metricValueMin="8.2296" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="33.55" valueMax="34.7" valueMin="32.4">32.4–34.7 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BF91FEA5FAD1FEED" baseAuthorityName="Schluter & Rodder" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[1158,1380,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaiquinimensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BF91FEA5FAD1FEED" box="[1158,1380,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. guaiquinimensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BA3BFE86FD8FFE81" authority="(Melin, 1941)" baseAuthorityName="Melin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[300,570,302,329]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BA3BFE86FE27FE81" box="[300,402,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
(Melin, 1941)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2B967FE86FBE8FE81" authority="(Lynch & Hoogmoed, 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Lynch & Hoogmoed" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[624,1117,302,329]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeuctotylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2B967FE86FCB8FE81" box="[624,781,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. zeuctotylus</emphasis>
|
||
(Lynch & Hoogmoed, 1977)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly in having FI <II (FI> II in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BA22FEFAFE29FEA4" baseAuthorityName="Melin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[309,412,338,364]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BA22FEFAFE29FEA4" box="[309,412,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. vilarsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BAC4FEFAFDC4FEA4" baseAuthorityName="Lynch & Hoogmoed" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[467,625,338,364]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeuctotylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BAC4FEFAFDC4FEA4" box="[467,625,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. zeuctotylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The remainder seven described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2B8EDFEFAFB3CFEA4" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" box="[1018,1161,339,364]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2B8EDFEFAFB3CFEA4" box="[1018,1161,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species found in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF81FFD2BBAAFEDCFEA7FE47" box="[189,274,373,399]" name="Guyana" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield uplands and highlands also have vocal slits in males. Compared to those,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BFDDFEDFFAC3FE47" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1226,1398,374,399]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BFDDFEDFFAC3FE47" box="[1226,1398,374,399]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mainly distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2B936FE30FC7EFE7A" authority="(Myers & Donnelly, 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[545,971,408,434]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avius">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2B936FE30FDCAFE7A" box="[545,639,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. avius</emphasis>
|
||
(Myers & Donnelly, 1997)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(endemic to the Sierra Tapirapecó,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF81FFD2BBAAFE15FE8CFE1E" box="[189,313,444,470]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF81FFD2BA9EFE12FDB1FE1E" box="[393,516,443,470]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
) by its smaller size (
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF81FFD2B9E0FE12FC16FE1E" box="[759,931,443,470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.04" metricValueMin="1.76" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.4" valueMin="17.6">17.6–20.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in males,
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF81FFD2BF4DFE12FB76FE1E" box="[1114,1219,443,470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="27.9">27.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in female in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BBCDFE76FE31FE30" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[218,388,479,504]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BBCDFE76FE31FE30" box="[218,388,479,504]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs 20.0–24.0 mm SVL in males, 31.0–33.0 mm SVL in females in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BF9CFE76FB51FE30" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[1163,1252,479,504]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avius">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BF9CFE76FB51FE30" box="[1163,1252,479,504]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. avius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), absence of yellow or orange colouring on ventral surface (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2B84BFDAAFC02FDD4" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[860,951,515,540]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avius">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2B84BFDAAFC02FDD4" box="[860,951,515,540]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. avius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), presence of a vertical streak running across the iris (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BAF7FD8FFD8EFDF7" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[480,571,550,575]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avius">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BAF7FD8FFD8EFDF7" box="[480,571,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. avius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and presence of fringes on fingers and toes (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BFDEFD8FFA91FDF7" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[1225,1316,550,575]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avius">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BFDEFD8FFA91FDF7" box="[1225,1316,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. avius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BBAAFDE0FD26FDAA" authority="(Myers & Donnelly, 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[189,659,584,610]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cantitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BBAAFDE0FEFCFDAA" box="[189,329,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. cantitans</emphasis>
|
||
(Myers & Donnelly, 1997)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(endemic to Cerro Yaví,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF81FFD2B8D0FDE1FBF6FDAA" box="[967,1091,584,610]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF81FFD2BF8EFDE1FAA1FDAB" box="[1177,1300,584,611]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
) mainly by its much smaller size (
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF81FFD2BAE7FDC2FD2BFD4E" box="[496,670,619,646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.04" metricValueMin="1.76" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.4" valueMin="17.6">17.6–20.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in males,
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF81FFD2B84CFDC2FC70FD4E" box="[859,965,619,646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="27.9">27.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in female in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BFB2FDC5FAE6FD4D" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1189,1363,620,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BFB2FDC5FAE6FD4D" box="[1189,1363,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF81FFD2BBAAFD27FEDEFD61" box="[189,363,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9699999999999998" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="2.4899999999999998" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="29.7" valueMax="34.5" valueMin="24.9">24.9–34.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in males,
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF81FFD2B93BFD26FD6FFD61" box="[556,730,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8299999999999996" metricValueMax="4.47" metricValueMin="3.19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="38.3" valueMax="44.7" valueMin="31.9">31.9–44.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in females in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2B8DAFD26FBEDFD60" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[973,1112,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cantitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2B8DAFD26FBEDFD60" box="[973,1112,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. cantitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), presence of a vertical streak running across the iris (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2B9A4FD1AFCF4FD04" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[691,833,691,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cantitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2B9A4FD1AFCF4FD04" box="[691,833,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. cantitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), diffuse yellowish /pale green colouration on groin and absence of colourful marking on posterior thigh surface (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2B8CBFD7FFBD3FD27" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[988,1126,726,751]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cantitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2B8CBFD7FFBD3FD27" box="[988,1126,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. cantitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the posterior thigh surface blackish with yellow flecking, and with a rose wash in the groin, anterior thigh, and concealed portion of the shank); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBAEBFEA5FE1FFE81" authority="Fouquet, Martinez, Courtois, Dewynter, Pineau, Gaucher, Blanc, Marty & Kok, 2013" authorityName="Fouquet, Martinez, Courtois, Dewynter, Pineau, Gaucher, Blanc, Marty & Kok" authorityYear="2013" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="espedeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBAEBFEA5FD34FEED" box="[508,641,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. espedeus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9EFFCDB990FEA5FE1FFE81" author="Fouquet" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Fouquet A., Martinez Q., Courtois E. A., Dewynter M., Pineau K., Gaucher P., Blanc M., Marty C. & Kok P. J. R. 2013. A new species of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia, Craugastoridae) associated with the moderately elevated massifs of French Guiana. Zootaxa 3750: 569 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3750.5.8" type="journal article" year="2013">Fouquet, Martinez, Courtois, Dewynter, Pineau, Gaucher, Blanc, Marty & Kok, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(reported only between 200 and
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9EFFCDB824FE86FCCAFE81" box="[819,895,303,329]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF9EFFCDBF0DFE86FB7EFE82" box="[1050,1227,303,330]" country="France" name="Guyane" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9EFFCDBF0DFE86FB7EFE82" box="[1050,1227,303,330]" name="French Guiana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
) mainly by its smaller size (
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9EFFCDBA40FEFBFDB6FEA5" box="[343,515,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.04" metricValueMin="1.76" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.4" valueMin="17.6">17.6–20.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in males,
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9EFFCDB9AFFEFBFC94FEA5" box="[696,801,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="27.9">27.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in female in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB8EFFEFAFB11FEA4" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1016,1188,339,364]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB8EFFEFAFB11FEA4" box="[1016,1188,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9EFFCDBFDBFEFBFAC2FEA5" box="[1228,1399,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.275" metricValueMax="2.48" metricValueMin="2.07" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="22.75" valueMax="24.8" valueMin="20.7">20.7–24.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in males,
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9EFFCDBA64FEDFFE6AFE58" box="[371,479,374,400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="29.4">29.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in female in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB9D4FEDEFCF8FE58" authorityName="Fouquet, Martinez, Courtois, Dewynter, Pineau, Gaucher, Blanc, Marty & Kok" authorityYear="2013" box="[707,845,374,400]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="espedeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB9D4FEDEFCF8FE58" box="[707,845,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. espedeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), diffuse yellowish / pale green colouration on groin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBA1AFE33FE21FE7B" authorityName="Fouquet, Martinez, Courtois, Dewynter, Pineau, Gaucher, Blanc, Marty & Kok" authorityYear="2013" box="[269,404,409,435]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="espedeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBA1AFE33FE21FE7B" box="[269,404,409,435]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. espedeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the anterior surface of thighs and groin reddish), no sharp demarcation between dorsal and flank colours (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB948FE17FD50FE1F" authorityName="Fouquet, Martinez, Courtois, Dewynter, Pineau, Gaucher, Blanc, Marty & Kok" authorityYear="2013" box="[607,741,445,471]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="espedeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB948FE17FD50FE1F" box="[607,741,445,471]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. espedeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and presence of a vertical streak running across the iris (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBA2BFE48FE70FE32" authorityName="Fouquet, Martinez, Courtois, Dewynter, Pineau, Gaucher, Blanc, Marty & Kok" authorityYear="2013" box="[316,453,480,506]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="espedeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBA2BFE48FE70FE32" box="[316,453,480,506]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. espedeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB935FE48FBB1FE32" authority="(Myers & Donnelly, 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[546,1028,480,506]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="memorans">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB935FE48FD0EFE32" box="[546,699,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. memorans</emphasis>
|
||
(Myers & Donnelly, 1997)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(reported only from the Sierra Tapirapecó in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF9EFFCDBA71FDADFE57FDD6" box="[358,482,516,542]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9EFFCDB922FDAAFD04FDD5" box="[565,689,515,541]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and adjacent
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF9EFFCDB84DFDADFC63FDD6" box="[858,982,516,542]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
State in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9EFFCDBF56FDAAFB3FFDD6" box="[1089,1162,515,542]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) by the presence of fringes on fingers and toes (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB963FD81FCBEFD89" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[628,779,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="memorans">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB963FD81FCBEFD89" box="[628,779,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. memorans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), presence of a vertical streak running across the iris (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBA2DFDE2FE66FDAC" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[314,467,587,612]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="memorans">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBA2DFDE2FE66FDAC" box="[314,467,587,612]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. memorans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and in having a diffuse yellowish / pale green colouration on groin (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBBAAFDC6FEE1FD40" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[189,340,623,648]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="memorans">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBBAAFDC6FEE1FD40" box="[189,340,623,648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. memorans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBAB8FDC6FC32FD41" authority="(Myers & Donnelly, 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[431,903,622,649]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBAB8FDC6FDF1FD40" box="[431,580,623,648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pruinatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Myers & Donnelly, 1996)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(known only from Cerro Yaví,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF9EFFCDBFECFDC7FAC2FD40" box="[1275,1399,622,648]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9EFFCDBA12FD38FE35FD64" box="[261,384,657,684]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
) by the presence of fringes on fingers and toes (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBF01FD3BFB17FD63" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1046,1186,658,683]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBF01FD3BFB17FD63" box="[1046,1186,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pruinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in having the tip of Toe V extending to the distal edge of the distal tubercle on Toe IV when toes are adpressed (extends only midway to proximal edge of ultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBF2DFD70FB73FD3A" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1082,1222,729,754]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBF2DFD70FB73FD3A" box="[1082,1222,729,754]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pruinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), presence of a vertical streak running across the iris (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB9E7FD54FCC8FCDE" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[752,893,765,790]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB9E7FD54FCC8FCDE" box="[752,893,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pruinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), absence of dark orange brown on ventral surface and anterior and posterior thigh surfaces (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB86AFC89FBBFFCF1" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[893,1034,800,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB86AFC89FBBFFCF1" box="[893,1034,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pruinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and discernible dorsal colour pattern in preservative (dorsum patternless, blackish grey in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB89CFCEDFBACFC95" baseAuthorityName="Myers & Donnelly" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[907,1049,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB89CFCEDFBACFC95" box="[907,1049,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pruinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBF62FCEDFEB1FC49" authority="(Rivero, 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Rivero" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBF62FCEDFAB8FC95" box="[1141,1293,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9EFFCDBE09FCEAFF4EFC49" author="Rivero" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Rivero J. A. 1968. A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia, Salientia) from the Guayana Region, Edo. Bolivar, Venezuela. Breviora 306: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1968">Rivero, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reported from the uplands of the Gran Sabana region of south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9EFFCDBF67FCCFFB5CFC48" box="[1136,1257,870,896]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
to adjacent western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9EFFCDBA35FC23FE35FC6C" box="[290,384,906,932]" name="Guyana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, therefore sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB9AAFC22FCD9FC6C" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[701,876,907,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB9AAFC22FCD9FC6C" box="[701,876,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mainly in having a vertical streak running across the iris (upper part of streak absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB9F4FC07FCC8FC0F" baseAuthorityName="Rivero" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[739,893,941,967]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB9F4FC07FCC8FC0F" box="[739,893,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9EFFCDB8A9FC04FBB2FC0F" box="[958,1031,941,967]" captionStart="Fig.4" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1771,1797]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig.4.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900)(fourindividualsatthetop)andP.pulvinatus(Rivero, 1968) (twoindividuals below).Intraspecificvariation in dorsalcolour pattern and sexualdimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of P. marmoratus is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected P.pulvinatus, which is by CBA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173361/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), prominent scapular ridges in males (absent or usually fainter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB959FC78FD51FC23" baseAuthorityName="Rivero" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[590,740,977,1003]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB959FC78FD51FC23" box="[590,740,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9EFFCDB809FC78FCD1FC23" box="[798,868,977,1003]" captionStart="Fig.4" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1771,1797]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig.4.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900)(fourindividualsatthetop)andP.pulvinatus(Rivero, 1968) (twoindividuals below).Intraspecificvariation in dorsalcolour pattern and sexualdimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of P. marmoratus is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected P.pulvinatus, which is by CBA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173361/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB86EFC78FB88FC23" box="[889,1085,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
not conspicuously marked (dark canthal stripe present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB927FC5CFD7FFBC6" baseAuthorityName="Rivero" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[560,714,1012,1038]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB927FC5CFD7FFBC6" box="[560,714,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9EFFCDB81BFC5DFCE3FBC6" box="[780,854,1012,1038]" captionStart="Fig.4" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1771,1797]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig.4.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900)(fourindividualsatthetop)andP.pulvinatus(Rivero, 1968) (twoindividuals below).Intraspecificvariation in dorsalcolour pattern and sexualdimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of P. marmoratus is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected P.pulvinatus, which is by CBA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173361/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), absence of broad, conspicuous, dorsal dark bands between eyes and between axilla (usually present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB897FBB1FBACFBFA" baseAuthorityName="Rivero" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[896,1049,1048,1074]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB897FBB1FBACFBFA" box="[896,1049,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9EFFCDBF4FFBBEFB2AFBFA" box="[1112,1183,1047,1074]" captionStart="Fig.4" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1771,1797]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig.4.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900)(fourindividualsatthetop)andP.pulvinatus(Rivero, 1968) (twoindividuals below).Intraspecificvariation in dorsalcolour pattern and sexualdimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of P. marmoratus is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected P.pulvinatus, which is by CBA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173361/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9EFFCDBFCCFBBEFAC6FBF9" author="Rivero" box="[1243,1395,1047,1073]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Rivero J. A. 1968. A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia, Salientia) from the Guayana Region, Edo. Bolivar, Venezuela. Breviora 306: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1968">Rivero 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1), and in lacking any flashy colour on axillary/ pre-axillary region (present, green in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBFCFFB95FADAFB9D" baseAuthorityName="Rivero" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1240,1391,1083,1109]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBFCFFB95FADAFB9D" box="[1240,1391,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9EFFCDBBFEFBF7FE85FBB1" box="[233,304,1118,1145]" captionStart="Fig.4" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1771,1797]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,265,1716]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig.4.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900)(fourindividualsatthetop)andP.pulvinatus(Rivero, 1968) (twoindividuals below).Intraspecificvariation in dorsalcolour pattern and sexualdimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of P. marmoratus is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected P.pulvinatus, which is by CBA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173361/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBAA2FBF6FB88FBB1" authority="Barrio-Amoros & Brewer-Carias, 2008" authorityName="Barrio-Amoros & Brewer-Carias" authorityYear="2008" box="[437,1085,1118,1145]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarisarinama">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBAA2FBF6FDD9FBB0" box="[437,620,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. sarisarinama</emphasis>
|
||
Barrio-Amorós & Brewer-Carías, 2008
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(endemic to Sarisariñamatepui,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF9EFFCDBA1BFB2BFED1FB54" box="[268,356,1154,1180]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
|
||
State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9EFFCDBAD7FB2BFD8EFB55" box="[448,571,1154,1181]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
) mainly by the presence of fringes on fingers and toes (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBBAAFB0FFEC2FB77" authorityName="Barrio-Amoros & Brewer-Carias" authorityYear="2008" box="[189,375,1190,1215]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarisarinama">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBBAAFB0FFEC2FB77" box="[189,375,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. sarisarinama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in having a vertical streak running across the iris (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBF48FB0FFAACFB77" authorityName="Barrio-Amoros & Brewer-Carias" authorityYear="2008" box="[1119,1305,1190,1215]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarisarinama">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBF48FB0FFAACFB77" box="[1119,1305,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. sarisarinama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and in having a diffuse yellowish/ pale green colouration on groin (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB8E2FB63FB18FB2B" authorityName="Barrio-Amoros & Brewer-Carias" authorityYear="2008" box="[1013,1197,1226,1251]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarisarinama">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB8E2FB63FB18FB2B" box="[1013,1197,1226,1251]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. sarisarinama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="86DA5188FF80FFD3BBAAF805FBB4F822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173363/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[259,1324,265,1938]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF80FFD3BBAAF805FBB4F822" blockId="14.[189,1398,1964,2026]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF80FFD3BBAAF805FEB8F80F" bold="true" box="[189,269,1964,1991]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF80FFD3BA01F804FC91F80E" authority="(Boulenger, 1900)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[278,804,1964,1990]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF80FFD3BA01F804FD8BF80E" box="[278,574,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Intraspecific variation in dorsal (top) and ventral (below) colour patterns in preserved specimens. Photographs by PJRK.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="86DA5188FF81FFD2BBAAF955FE29F822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173365/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[189,1398,838,1746]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF81FFD2BBAAF955FE29F822" blockId="15.[189,1399,1788,2026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BBAAF955FE90F8DE" bold="true" box="[189,293,1788,1814]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6. A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BA23F954FE18F8DF" authorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" authorityYear="1802" box="[308,429,1789,1815]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Guzmania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BA23F954FE18F8DF" box="[308,429,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Guzmania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BACDF955FDDFF8DE" box="[474,618,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sphaeroidea</emphasis>
|
||
(André) André ex Mez, an arboreal bromeliad species used as egg deposition site by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BA83F889FC22F8F1" authority="(Boulenger, 1900)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[404,919,1823,1849]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BA83F889FD0CF8F1" box="[404,697,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Wokomung Massif.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BFC1F889FB5FF8F2" bold="true" box="[1238,1258,1824,1850]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Egg clutch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BBCAF8EAFDB6F894" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[221,515,1859,1884]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BBCAF8EAFDB6F894" box="[221,515,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
deposited on a leaf of the arboreal bromeliad
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BF35F8EAFB2EF895" authorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" authorityYear="1802" box="[1058,1179,1859,1885]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Guzmania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BF35F8EAFB2EF895" box="[1058,1179,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Guzmania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BFDFF8EBFAEDF894" box="[1224,1368,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sphaeroidea</emphasis>
|
||
in the Wokomung Massif.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BAC3F8CCFE5CF8B7" bold="true" box="[468,489,1893,1919]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Egg clutch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2B98CF8CFFBEDF848" authority="(Noble, 1923)" authorityName="Noble" authorityYear="1923" baseAuthorityName="Noble" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[667,1112,1894,1920]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Anomaloglossus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beebei">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2B98CF8CFFC1AF848" box="[667,943,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anomaloglossus beebei</emphasis>
|
||
(Noble, 1923)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(white arrow) deposited in the phytotelmata of the same plant as in B.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2B9FEF820FD4BF86B" bold="true" box="[745,766,1929,1955]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 17916, 11.3 mm SVL, a juvenile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF81FFD2BA4DF804FDB2F80E" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[346,519,1965,1990]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF81FFD2BA4DF804FDB2F80E" box="[346,519,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected on the slopes of Maringma-tepui, Guyana. Photographs A–C by DBM, D by PJRK.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9ABF528BFF9EFFCFBBAAFAA3FAC2FE80" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9EFFCDBBAAFAA3FE1DFAED" blockId="16.[189,424,1290,1317]" box="[189,424,1290,1317]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<heading id="8952B66CFF9EFFCDBBAAFAA3FE1DFAED" bold="true" box="[189,424,1290,1317]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBBAAFAA3FE1DFAED" bold="true" box="[189,424,1290,1317]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Advertisement call</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9EFFCDBBFDFA93FE6BFA9C" blockId="16.[189,1398,1338,1505]" box="[234,478,1338,1364]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBBFDFA93FE6BFA9C" bold="true" box="[234,478,1338,1364]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Temporal structure</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9EFFCDBBAAFAF4FE8BFA29" blockId="16.[189,1398,1338,1505]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBAE5FAF7FCADFABF" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[498,792,1374,1399]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBAE5FAF7FCADFABF" box="[498,792,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of a single, unpulsed (tonal) note repeated at a rate of 11.25–11.87 calls /min. Mean call duration is 0.0184 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9EFFCDB8CEFA29FB9AFA53" box="[985,1071,1408,1435]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-0.002">0.002 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.016–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9EFFCDBF85FA29FB5FFA53" box="[1170,1258,1408,1435]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-0.023">0.023 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). The intercall silent interval is relatively uniform and has a mean of 6.011 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9EFFCDB8CDFA0DFBA6FA76" box="[986,1043,1444,1470]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5555" value="-0.9">0.9 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and a range of 5.023–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9EFFCDBE37FA0DFAC3FA76" box="[1312,1398,1444,1471]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-7.958">7.958 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9EFFCDBBD2FA6EFE85FA29" box="[197,304,1479,1505]" captionStart-0="Fig. 7" captionStart-1="Fig. 8" captionStartId-0="17.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionStartId-1="18.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1398,673,1785]" captionTargetBox-1="[193,1372,734,1895]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[189,1398,673,1785]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[189,1398,714,1923]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="Fig. 7. Vocalization of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900); oscillograms and spectrograms obtained using Raven v. 1.4. A. Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (below) of three calls of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana (ca 16 s recording). B. Expanded oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14471 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. C. Expanded oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Calls recordedat a temperature of 24°C." captionText-1="Fig. 8. Vocalization of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900); oscillogram and spectrogram obtained using Seewave v. 1.6.4 in R. Spectrogram (top) and oscillogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Call recorded at a temperature of 24°C." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1173367/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1173369/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9EFFCDBBFDF9A0FE78F9EB" blockId="16.[189,1399,1545,1678]" box="[234,461,1545,1571]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBBFDF9A0FE78F9EB" bold="true" box="[234,461,1545,1571]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spectral structure</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9EFFCDBBAAF984FCABF945" blockId="16.[189,1399,1545,1678]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Four to five harmonics are developed, with the dominant frequency located in the first (fundamental) harmonic (mean: 3047 ± 121 Hz; range: 2756–3101 Hz) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9EFFCDB87EF9F9FC60F9A2" box="[873,981,1616,1642]" captionStart-0="Fig. 7" captionStart-1="Fig. 8" captionStartId-0="17.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionStartId-1="18.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1398,673,1785]" captionTargetBox-1="[193,1372,734,1895]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[189,1398,673,1785]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[189,1398,714,1923]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="Fig. 7. Vocalization of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900); oscillograms and spectrograms obtained using Raven v. 1.4. A. Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (below) of three calls of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana (ca 16 s recording). B. Expanded oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14471 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. C. Expanded oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Calls recordedat a temperature of 24°C." captionText-1="Fig. 8. Vocalization of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900); oscillogram and spectrogram obtained using Seewave v. 1.6.4 in R. Spectrogram (top) and oscillogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Call recorded at a temperature of 24°C." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1173367/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1173369/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Calls show a downward followed by a slightly upward frequency modulation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9EFFCDB9D0F9DAFCBBF945" box="[711,782,1651,1677]" captionStart="Fig. 8" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[193,1372,734,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1398,714,1923]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Vocalization of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900); oscillogram and spectrogram obtained using Seewave v. 1.6.4 in R. Spectrogram (top) and oscillogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Call recorded at a temperature of 24°C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173369/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9EFFCDBBFDF91CFAA4F907" blockId="16.[189,1399,1717,2027]" box="[234,1297,1717,1743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBBFDF91CFAA4F907" bold="true" box="[234,1297,1717,1743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Comparison with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB902F91CFD1DF907" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" box="[533,680,1717,1743]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB902F91CFD1DF907" bold="true" box="[533,680,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
calls in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9EFFCDB82BF91CFC2CF907" box="[828,921,1717,1743]" name="Guyana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield uplands and highlands
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9EFFCCBBAAF970FAB2FE81" blockId="16.[189,1399,1717,2027]" lastBlockId="17.[189,1399,267,329]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
To the best of our knowledge, only three uplands /highlands
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB869F970FBB8F93A" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" box="[894,1037,1753,1778]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB869F970FBB8F93A" box="[894,1037,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species for which documented calls are known produce a single note per call:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB9D3F954FCC5F8DE" authorityName="Kok, Means & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2011" box="[708,880,1789,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB9D3F954FCC5F8DE" box="[708,880,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P.aureoventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from above
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9EFFCDB8EDF955FBE5F8DE" box="[1018,1104,1788,1814]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation onWei-Assiputepui and on the highest slopes of Mt.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF9EFFCDB992F8B6FD5FF8F1" box="[645,746,1823,1849]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Roraima</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9EFFCDB9ECF8B6FC0CF8F1" author="Kok" box="[763,953,1823,1849]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Kok P. J. R., Means D. B. & Bossuyt F. 2011. A new highland species of Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1871 (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Pantepui region, northern South America. Zootaxa 2934: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Kok
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB820F889FCC6F8F1" box="[823,883,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB8D9F889FDD6F895" authority="Barrio-Amoros, Mesa, Brewer-Carias & McDiarmid, 2010" authorityName="Barrio-Amoros, Mesa, Brewer-Carias & McDiarmid" authorityYear="2010" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muchimuk">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB8D9F889FBD0F8F1" box="[974,1125,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. muchimuk</emphasis>
|
||
Barrio-Amorós, Mesa, Brewer-Carías & McDiarmid, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from above
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9EFFCDB9EBF8EAFCE3F895" box="[764,854,1859,1885]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation on Churí-tepui, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBFD5F8EDFE62F848" authority="Rodder & Jungfer, 2008" authorityName="Rodder & Jungfer" authorityYear="2008" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuruaniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBFD5F8EDFAC2F895" box="[1218,1399,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. yuruaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
Rödder & Jungfer, 2008
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from above
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9EFFCDB97EF8CFFD74F849" box="[617,705,1894,1921]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
|
||
on Yuruaní-tepui. The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBF0AF8CEFB79F848" authorityName="Kok, Means & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2011" box="[1053,1228,1895,1920]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureoventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBF0AF8CEFB79F848" box="[1053,1228,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. aureoventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly differs in having a lower dominant frequency (2180–2430 Hz vs 2756–3101 Hz in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBF31F822FB64F86C" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1062,1233,1931,1956]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBF31F822FB64F86C" box="[1062,1233,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and a higher call rate (18 calls /min vs ca 11 calls / min in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB9DFF807FCC1F80F" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[712,884,1966,1991]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB9DFF807FCC1F80F" box="[712,884,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDBF04F807FB1DF80F" authorityName="Barrio-Amoros, Mesa, Brewer-Carias & McDiarmid" authorityYear="2010" box="[1043,1192,1965,1991]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muchimuk">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDBF04F807FB1DF80F" box="[1043,1192,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. muchimuk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is longer (0.027–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9EFFCDBBAAF878FEA4F823" box="[189,273,2001,2027]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-0.062">0.062 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
vs 0.016–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9EFFCDBA9DF878FE68F823" box="[394,477,2001,2027]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-0.023">0.023 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9EFFCDB915F87BFD1BF823" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[514,686,2002,2027]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9EFFCDB915F87BFD1BF823" box="[514,686,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and emitted at a much faster pace (> 100 calls/ min vs ca 11 calls/ min in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9FFFCCBA4FFEA5FDB0FEED" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[344,517,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCBA4FFEA5FDB0FEED" box="[344,517,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9FFFCCB9BEFEA5FCE8FEED" authorityName="Rodder & Jungfer" authorityYear="2008" box="[681,861,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuruaniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCB9BEFEA5FCE8FEED" box="[681,861,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. yuruaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is longer (0.093–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9FFFCCBF39FEA2FB30FEEE" box="[1070,1157,267,294]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="-0.139">0.139 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
vs 0.016–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9FFFCCBE15FEA2FAE2FEEE" box="[1282,1367,267,294]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="-0.023">0.023 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9FFFCCBBAAFE86FEDCFE80" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[189,361,303,328]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCBBAAFE86FEDCFE80" box="[189,361,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the dominant frequency is at 1980 Hz (2756–3101 Hz in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9FFFCCBF5DFE86FB40FE80" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1098,1269,303,328]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCBF5DFE86FB40FE80" box="[1098,1269,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9FFFCFBBAAFED9FAC2FE80" blockId="17.[189,1399,368,606]" lastBlockId="18.[189,1399,267,329]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Interestingly, the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9FFFCCBAC1FED8FD4FFE42" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[470,762,369,394]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCBAC1FED8FD4FFE42" box="[470,762,369,394]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is extremely similar to the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9FFFCCBF94FED8FEB1FE65" authority="(Parker, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inguinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCBF94FED8FAA1FE42" box="[1155,1300,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. inguinalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Parker, 1940)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species known from the lowlands of the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9FFFCCB879FE3AFC76FE65" box="[878,963,403,429]" name="Guyana" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield, east of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9FFFCCBFB9FE3AFA92FE65" box="[1198,1319,403,429]" name="Guyana" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Essequibo</collectingCountry>
|
||
River. Both species have an unpulsed single note call with a dominant frequency within the same range. Based on our analysis of a call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9FFFCCB918FE73FD16FE3C" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[527,675,474,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inguinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCB918FE73FD16FE3C" box="[527,675,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. inguinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9FFFCCB856FE73FBDAFE3C" author="Marty" box="[833,1135,473,500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Marty C. & Gaucher P. 1999. Guide sonore des Amphibiens Anoures de Guyane. CD audio. CEBA, Mens, France." type="book" year="1999">Marty & Gaucher (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and partial data from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9FFFCCBBAAFE54FE0AFDDF" box="[189,447,509,535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Fouquet A., Martinez Q., Courtois E. A., Dewynter M., Pineau K., Gaucher P., Blanc M., Marty C. & Kok P. J. R. 2013. A new species of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia, Craugastoridae) associated with the moderately elevated massifs of French Guiana. Zootaxa 3750: 569 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3750.5.8" type="journal article">
|
||
Fouquet
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCBA30FE57FED1FDDF" box="[295,356,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the only differences found are (1) a slightly longer call length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9FFFCCBFF5FE57FAC3FDDF" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1250,1398,509,535]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inguinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCBFF5FE57FAC3FDDF" box="[1250,1398,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. inguinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.023–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9FFFCCBA01FD89FEDEFDF3" box="[278,363,544,571]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="-0.032">0.032 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
vs 0.016–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9FFFCCBAF2FD89FD8DFDF3" box="[485,568,544,571]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="-0.023">0.023 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9FFFCCB94AFD88FCBCFDF2" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[605,777,545,570]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCB94AFD88FCBCFDF2" box="[605,777,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (2) a slightly higher call rate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9FFFCCBF85FD88FA96FDF2" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1170,1315,544,570]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inguinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCBF85FD88FA96FDF2" box="[1170,1315,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. inguinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(17.91 calls/ min vs 11.25–11.87 calls/ min in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9FFFCCB994FDEDFC98FD95" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[643,813,580,605]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCB994FDEDFC98FD95" box="[643,813,580,605]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and (3) a slightly shorter inter-call silent interval in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9CFFCFBBCAFEA5FEC4FEED" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[221,369,267,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inguinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9CFFCFBBCAFEA5FEC4FEED" box="[221,369,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. inguinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.16–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9CFFCFBAD0FEA2FDBAFEEE" box="[455,527,267,294]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="555" value="-3.85">3.85 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
vs 5.02–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9CFFCFB968FEA2FD72FEEE" box="[639,711,267,294]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="555" value="-7.96">7.96 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9CFFCFB9E6FEA5FC2AFEED" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[753,927,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9CFFCFB9E6FEA5FC2AFEED" box="[753,927,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). See Discussion for further comments about distribution and phylogenetic relationships; see also fig.
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9CFFCFB885FE87FC08FE80" box="[914,957,302,328]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9CFFCFB8D4FE86FB02FE81" box="[963,1207,303,329]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Fouquet A., Martinez Q., Courtois E. A., Dewynter M., Pineau K., Gaucher P., Blanc M., Marty C. & Kok P. J. R. 2013. A new species of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia, Craugastoridae) associated with the moderately elevated massifs of French Guiana. Zootaxa 3750: 569 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3750.5.8" type="journal article">
|
||
Fouquet
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9CFFCFBF3DFE86FBD6FE81" box="[1066,1123,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for comparison.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="86DA5188FF9FFFCCBBAAF889FCB4F822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173367/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[190,1398,673,1785]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9FFFCCBBAAF889FCB4F822" blockId="17.[189,1398,1824,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCBBAAF889FEBAF8F2" bold="true" box="[189,271,1824,1850]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Vocalization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9FFFCCBACAF888FC47F8F2" authority="(Boulenger, 1900)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[477,1010,1824,1850]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCBACAF888FCB2F8F2" box="[477,775,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; oscillograms and spectrograms obtained using Raven v. 1.4.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCB909F8EAFD86F895" bold="true" box="[542,563,1859,1885]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (below) of three calls of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana (ca 16 s recording).
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCB8C6F8CEFC50F849" bold="true" box="[977,997,1895,1921]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Expanded oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14471 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9FFFCCBFCBF820FB44F86B" bold="true" box="[1244,1265,1929,1955]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Expanded oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Calls recorded at a temperature of 24°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9ABF528BFF9CFFCEBBAAFED9FD2FFE81" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9CFFCFBBAAFED9FEE3FE42" blockId="18.[189,342,368,394]" box="[189,342,368,394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="8952B66CFF9CFFCFBBAAFED9FEE3FE42" bold="true" box="[189,342,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9CFFCFBBAAFED9FEE3FE42" bold="true" box="[189,342,368,394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9CFFCEBBAAFE36FD2FFE81" blockId="18.[189,1399,414,652]" lastBlockId="19.[189,1398,267,329]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9CFFCFBBAAFE36FE52FE70" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[189,487,415,440]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9CFFCFBBAAFE36FE52FE70" box="[189,487,415,440]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known only from – west to east – the La Escalera region in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9CFFCFBBAAFE6BFE8CFE14" box="[189,313,450,476]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the southern base of Mount
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF9CFFCFB997FE6BFD50FE14" box="[640,741,450,476]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Roraima</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9CFFCFB811FE6BFCCAFE14" box="[774,895,450,476]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D1EBFA2FF9CFFCFB89CFE6BFC0AFE14" box="[907,959,450,476]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) and the north-eastern base of Mount
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF9CFFCFBA06FE4CFEC3FE37" box="[273,374,485,511]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Roraima</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9CFFCFBA8EFE4CFE41FE37" box="[409,500,485,511]" name="Guyana" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Double Drop Falls), the slopes of Maringma-tepui along the border between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9CFFCFBBAAFDA1FEADFDEA" box="[189,280,520,546]" name="Guyana" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9CFFCFBA58FDA1FE2FFDEA" box="[335,410,520,546]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mount Ayanganna in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9CFFCFB98BFDA1FD42FDEA" box="[668,759,520,546]" name="Guyana" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9CFFCFB812FDA1FBE9FDEA" author="MacCulloch" box="[773,1116,520,546]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="MacCulloch R. D. & Lathrop A. 2009. Herpetofauna of Mount Ayanganna, Guyana. Results of the Royal Ontario Museum Ayanganna Expedition 2000. Royal Ontario Museum Science Contributions 4: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">MacCulloch & Lathrop 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the Wokomung Massif in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9CFFCFBBC8FD82FE8FFD8D" box="[223,314,555,581]" name="Guyana" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Kaieteur National Park in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9CFFCFB9A9FD82FCACFD8D" box="[702,793,555,581]" name="Guyana" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9CFFCFB83AFD82FCC3FD8D" box="[813,886,555,581]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="3.[188,231,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1177,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,1177,1882]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1.MapoftheEasternPantepuiDistrictshowingtheknowndistributionof Pristimantismarmoratus (Boulenger,1900).Reddotsdenotelocalitiesofconfirmedoccurrencebasedeitheronmuseumspecimens or colour photographs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173355/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species occurs between ca 600 and
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9CFFCFBBAAFDE6FEA2FDA1" box="[189,279,591,617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level, and is probably restricted to the pristine submontane and montane rainforests of the Pantepui uplands and highlands, east of the Gran Sabana, i.e., the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF9CFFCFBF3CFDDBFB36FD44" box="[1067,1155,626,652]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eastern</collectingRegion>
|
||
Pantepui District of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9DFFCEBBAAFEA2FD85FEEE" author="McDiarmid" box="[189,560,267,294]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="McDiarmid R. W. & Donnelly M. A. 2005. The herpetofauna of the Guayana Highlands: amphibians and reptiles of the Lost World. In: Donnelly M. A., Crother B. I., Guyer C., Wake M. H. & White M. E. (eds) Ecology and Evolution in the Tropics: A Herpetological Perspective: 461 - 560. University of Chicago Press, Chicago." type="book chapter" year="2005">McDiarmid & Donnelly (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Its occurrence in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9DFFCEB879FEA2FC03FEED" box="[878,950,267,293]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
is very likely, since parts of the slopes of Maringma-tepui are in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9DFFCEBAFBFE87FD81FE80" box="[492,564,302,328]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9DFFCEB953FE87FD3CFE81" box="[580,649,302,329]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="3.[188,231,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1177,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,1177,1882]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1.MapoftheEasternPantepuiDistrictshowingtheknowndistributionof Pristimantismarmoratus (Boulenger,1900).Reddotsdenotelocalitiesofconfirmedoccurrencebasedeitheronmuseumspecimens or colour photographs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173355/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="86DA5188FF9CFFCFBBAAF823FB16F823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173369/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[193,1372,734,1895]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9CFFCFBBAAF823FB16F823" blockId="18.[189,1398,1930,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9CFFCFBBAAF823FEA4F86C" bold="true" box="[189,273,1930,1956]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Vocalization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9CFFCFBAF1F822FBB7F86C" authority="(Boulenger, 1900)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[486,1026,1930,1956]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9CFFCFBAF1F822FCA6F86C" box="[486,787,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; oscillogram and spectrogram obtained using Seewave v. 1.6.4 in R. Spectrogram (top) and oscillogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Call recorded at a temperature of 24°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9ABF528BFF9DFFC9BBAAFED9FAC2FDEA" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9DFFCEBBAAFED9FECBFE42" blockId="19.[189,1399,368,688]" box="[189,382,368,394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<heading id="8952B66CFF9DFFCEBBAAFED9FECBFE42" bold="true" box="[189,382,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEBBAAFED9FECBFE42" bold="true" box="[189,382,368,394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9DFFCEBBAAFE37FD73FD67" blockId="19.[189,1399,368,688]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
All specimens were found in undisturbed submontane or montane rainforest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9DFFCEBF49FE37FB1DFE71" box="[1118,1192,414,441]" captionStart="Fig. 9" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[187,1396,986,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[187,1396,986,1893]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Habitat of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Left. Submontane rainforest inKaieteur NationalParkatca630melevation.Right.MontanerainforestontheslopesofMaringma-tepui,Guyana at ca 1376 m elevation. Photographs by PJRK." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173371/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), active on small trees
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9DFFCEBA17FE68FE32FE14" box="[256,391,449,476]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="175.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="50.0">50–300 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the ground, exclusively at dusk.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9DFFCEB864FE6AFB29FE14" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[883,1180,451,476]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEB864FE6AFB29FE14" box="[883,1180,451,476]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a common species; only a few specimens have been found at each locality of occurrence. Males were found calling (in June and November) upside down from mossy tree trunks of low diameter (<
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9DFFCEBF92FDA1FB65FDEB" box="[1157,1232,520,547]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
) between 120 and
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9DFFCEBBE7FD82FEFFFD8E" box="[240,330,555,582]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="300.0">300 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the ground, except one male (IRSNB 14473), which was calling from the top of a green leaf
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9DFFCEBA2DFDE7FE36FDA1" box="[314,387,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the ground. The “upside down” call posture is also found in the closely related
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEBBAAFDDAFF66FD44" box="[189,211,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9DFFCEBA2BFDDBFD82FD44" box="[316,567,626,652]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Fouquet A., Martinez Q., Courtois E. A., Dewynter M., Pineau K., Gaucher P., Blanc M., Marty C. & Kok P. J. R. 2013. A new species of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia, Craugastoridae) associated with the moderately elevated massifs of French Guiana. Zootaxa 3750: 569 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3750.5.8" type="journal article">
|
||
Fouquet
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEBAB2FDDAFE6CFD44" box="[421,473,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(as recovered in our preliminary molecular phylogenetic analysis, see below), and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9DFFCEBA7AFD3FFE41FD67" authorityName="Fouquet, Martinez, Courtois, Dewynter, Pineau, Gaucher, Blanc, Marty & Kok" authorityYear="2013" box="[365,500,661,687]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="espedeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEBA7AFD3FFE41FD67" box="[365,500,661,687]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. espedeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9DFFCEB93AFD3FFD0BFD67" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[557,702,661,687]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inguinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEB93AFD3FFD0BFD67" box="[557,702,661,687]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. inguinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9DFFC9BBAAFD7EFAC2FDEA" blockId="19.[189,1399,726,929]" lastBlockId="20.[189,1399,267,546]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
In
|
||
<date id="A61B27C0FF9DFFCEBBCCFD7EFEE1FD38" box="[219,340,726,753]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2012-06">June 2012</date>
|
||
, which corresponds to the rainy season in the area, a cluster of four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9DFFCEBF45FD7EFAC3FD38" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1106,1398,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEBF45FD7EFAC3FD38" box="[1106,1398,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9DFFCEBA11FD50FED1FCDC" box="[262,356,761,788]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,838,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,838,1746]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6.A. Guzmania cf. sphaeroidea (André)André ex Mez, an arboreal bromeliad species used as egg deposition site by Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) in the Wokomung Massif. B. Egg clutch of Pristimantis marmoratus deposited on a leaf of the arboreal bromeliad Guzmania cf. sphaeroidea in theWokomung Massif.C. Egg clutchof Anomaloglossus beebei(Noble, 1923) (white arrow) deposited in the phytotelmata of the same plant as in B. D. Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 17916, 11.3 mm SVL, a juvenile of P. marmoratus collected on the slopes of Maringma-tepui, Guyana. PhotographsA–C by DBM, D by PJRK." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173365/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
) was found by one of us (DBM) attached to the inside part of a leaf of a bromeliad,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9DFFCEBBAAFCB4FE83FCFF" authorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" authorityYear="1802" box="[189,310,797,823]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Guzmania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEBBAAFCB4FE83FCFF" box="[189,310,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Guzmania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEBA7CFCB4FE4EFCFF" box="[363,507,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">sphaeroidea</emphasis>
|
||
(André) André ex Mez (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9DFFCEB823FCB4FC23FCF0" box="[820,918,797,824]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,838,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,838,1746]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6.A. Guzmania cf. sphaeroidea (André)André ex Mez, an arboreal bromeliad species used as egg deposition site by Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) in the Wokomung Massif. B. Egg clutch of Pristimantis marmoratus deposited on a leaf of the arboreal bromeliad Guzmania cf. sphaeroidea in theWokomung Massif.C. Egg clutchof Anomaloglossus beebei(Noble, 1923) (white arrow) deposited in the phytotelmata of the same plant as in B. D. Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 17916, 11.3 mm SVL, a juvenile of P. marmoratus collected on the slopes of Maringma-tepui, Guyana. PhotographsA–C by DBM, D by PJRK." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173365/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9DFFCEB8A7FCB4FBB9FCFF" box="[944,1036,797,824]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="150.0">150 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the ground, on Mount Kopinang, Wokomung Massif, near the top of Kamana Falls at about
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9DFFCEBF0FFCE9FBC1FC92" box="[1048,1140,832,858]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9DFFCEBFE8FC97FF60FCB6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="4.9994445">04°59′58″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B79167C7FF9DFFCEBBF0FCC8FE3FFCB6" box="[231,394,865,894]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="-59.880276">59°52′49″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Molecular analyses confirmed conspecificity of these eggs with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9DFFCEBFD3FCCDFAC3FCB5" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1220,1398,868,893]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEBFD3FCCDFAC3FCB5" box="[1220,1398,868,893]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Appendix 3). The large, white eggs did not have visibly developed embryos. After photographing and preserving the eggs, the small plant was investigated for inhabitants of the aquatic portion of the phytotelmata. Immediately a small frog jumped out and disappeared into the deep ground litter, and eggs and tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9BAA4FEFAFCC4FEA5" authority="(Noble, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Noble" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[435,881,339,365]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Anomaloglossus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beebei">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BAA4FEFAFD72FEA5" box="[435,711,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anomaloglossus beebei</emphasis>
|
||
(Noble, 1923)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found in the water of the phytotelmata of the same small bromeliad and in the water of five other bromeliads nearby (egg /frog identifications confirmed by molecular analyses).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9B94EFE35FCCAFE7D" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[601,895,412,437]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B94EFE35FCCAFE7D" box="[601,895,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9B8AEFE32FB7BFE7D" baseAuthorityName="Noble" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[953,1230,411,437]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Anomaloglossus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beebei">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B8AEFE32FB7BFE7D" box="[953,1230,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anomaloglossus beebei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thus share the same bromeliad as an oviposition site on the Wokomung Massif (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9AFFC9B8DDFE16FB9DFE12" box="[970,1064,447,474]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,838,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,838,1746]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6.A. Guzmania cf. sphaeroidea (André)André ex Mez, an arboreal bromeliad species used as egg deposition site by Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) in the Wokomung Massif. B. Egg clutch of Pristimantis marmoratus deposited on a leaf of the arboreal bromeliad Guzmania cf. sphaeroidea in theWokomung Massif.C. Egg clutchof Anomaloglossus beebei(Noble, 1923) (white arrow) deposited in the phytotelmata of the same plant as in B. D. Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 17916, 11.3 mm SVL, a juvenile of P. marmoratus collected on the slopes of Maringma-tepui, Guyana. PhotographsA–C by DBM, D by PJRK." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173365/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9BF9DFE69FAACFE11" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" box="[1162,1305,448,473]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BF9DFE69FAACFE11" box="[1162,1305,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species found in syntopy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9BAD4FE4DFDDBFE35" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[451,622,484,509]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BAD4FE4DFDDBFE35" box="[451,622,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9B9A3FE4DFC30FE35" authorityName="Means & Savage" authorityYear="2007" box="[692,901,483,509]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dendrobatoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B9A3FE4DFC30FE35" box="[692,901,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. dendrobatoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(above
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9AFFC9B8F5FE4AFB8FFE35" box="[994,1082,483,509]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9BFD4FE4DFA95FE35" authorityName="Means & Savage" authorityYear="2007" box="[1219,1312,484,509]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jester">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BFD4FE4DFA95FE35" box="[1219,1312,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. jester</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(above
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9AFFC9BBAAFDAEFEA0FDE9" box="[189,277,519,545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9BA89FDAEFD8EFDE9" authorityName="Means & Savage" authorityYear="2007" box="[414,571,519,545]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BA89FDAEFD8EFDE9" box="[414,571,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. saltissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(above
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9AFFC9B980FDAEFD5AFDE9" box="[663,751,519,545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9B8BEFDAEFB8AFDE9" baseAuthorityName="Rivero" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[937,1087,519,545]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B8BEFDAEFB8AFDE9" box="[937,1087,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(above
|
||
<quantity id="155DACE5FF9AFFC9BF8BFDAEFB41FDE9" box="[1180,1268,519,545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="86DA5188FF9DFFCEBBAAF823FD55F823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173371/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[187,1396,986,1893]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9DFFCEBBAAF823FD55F823" blockId="19.[189,1398,1930,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEBBAAF823FEBFF86C" bold="true" box="[189,266,1930,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9DFFCEBA99F822FC20F86C" authority="(Boulenger, 1900)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[398,917,1930,1956]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEBA99F822FD01F86C" box="[398,692,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEB8B7F823FC61F86C" bold="true" box="[928,980,1930,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Left</emphasis>
|
||
. Submontane rainforest in Kaieteur National Park at ca 630 m elevation.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9DFFCEB975F804FD1DF80F" bold="true" box="[610,680,1965,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Right</emphasis>
|
||
. Montane rainforest on the slopes of Maringma-tepui, Guyana at ca 1376 m elevation. Photographs by PJRK.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9ABF528BFF9AFFC9BBAAFDE0FAFEFB4B" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9AFFC9BBAAFDE0FDB0FDAB" blockId="20.[189,517,585,611]" box="[189,517,585,611]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<heading id="8952B66CFF9AFFC9BBAAFDE0FDB0FDAB" bold="true" box="[189,517,585,611]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BBAAFDE0FDB0FDAB" bold="true" box="[189,517,585,611]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Phylogenetic relationships</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9AFFC9BBAAFDD1FC95FD37" blockId="20.[189,1398,632,767]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9BA1CFDD0FE2FFD5A" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" box="[267,410,633,658]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BA1CFDD0FE2FFD5A" box="[267,410,633,658]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have often been confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9B89EFDD0FB07FD5A" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[905,1202,633,658]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B89EFDD0FB07FD5A" box="[905,1202,633,658]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below and
|
||
<tableCitation id="9F2734BBFF9AFFC9BBAAFD35FEA4FD7E" box="[189,273,668,694]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[189,258,268,294]" captionText="Table 1. Reidentified terminal species names of GenBank. Accession numbers in bold represent Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Asterisks highlight sequences of specimens we examined and that correspond to the morphology of the holotype." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Available phylogenetic analyses using samples from misidentified specimens are thus unreliable for that taxon (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9AFFC9BAB4FD69FD34FD12" author="Hedges" box="[419,641,704,730]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Hedges S. B., Duellman W. E. & Heinicke M. P. 2008. New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 1737: 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B915FD68FD89FD12" box="[514,572,704,730]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9AFFC9B99BFD69FC31FD12" author="Pyron" box="[652,900,704,730]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Pyron R. A. & Wiens J. J. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 543 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.06.012" type="journal article" year="2011">Pyron & Wiens 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9AFFC9B887FD69FB1BFD12" author="Canedo" box="[912,1198,704,730]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Canedo C. & Haddad C. F. B. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships within anuran clade Terrarana, with emphasis on the placement of Brazilian Atlantic rainforest frogs genus Ischnocnema (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65: 610 - 620. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.07.016" type="journal article" year="2012">Canedo & Haddad 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9AFFC9BFAEFD69FAC7FD12" author="Kok" box="[1209,1394,704,730]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Kok P. J. R., MacCulloch R. D., Means D. B., Roelants K., Van Bocxlaer I. & Bossuyt F. 2012. Low genetic diversity in tepui summit vertebrates. Current Biology 22: R 589 - R 590. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2012.06.034" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Kok
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BFE4FD68FA98FD12" box="[1267,1325,704,730]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9AFFC9BBAAFD4DFE3BFD36" author="Padial" box="[189,398,740,766]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Padial J. M., Grant T. & Frost D. R. 2014. Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria. Zootaxa 3825: 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3825.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Padial
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BA19FD4CFEFDFD36" box="[270,328,740,766]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9AFFC9BA8DFD4DFD3BFD36" author="Mendoza" box="[410,654,739,766]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Mendoza A. M, Ospina O. E., Cardenas-Henao H. & Garcia-R. J. C. 2015. A likelihood inference of historical biogeography in the world's most diverse terrestrial vertebrate genus: Diversification of direct-developing frogs (Craugastoridae: Pristimantis) across the Neotropics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 85: 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2015.02.001" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Mendoza
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B919FD4CFDFCFD36" box="[526,585,740,766]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D21A0100FF9AFFC9BBAAFC8FFAFEFB4B" blockId="20.[189,1399,806,1155]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Our molecular phylogenetic analysis based on a single mitochondrial gene (16S) of correctly identified – or reidentified – specimens of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9B975FCE2FD44FCAC" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" box="[610,753,843,868]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B975FCE2FD44FCAC" box="[610,753,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B81EFCE2FC20FCAC" box="[777,917,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">unistrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
group” in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9AFFC9BF5AFCE3FB17FCAC" box="[1101,1186,842,868]" name="Guyana" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9BBAAFCC7FE5FFC4F" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[189,490,878,903]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BBAAFCC7FE5FFC4F" box="[189,490,878,903]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as unambiguously distinct from all the other included members of the group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A9E1D85FF9AFFC9BA03FC38FEDBFC64" box="[276,366,913,940]" captionStart="Fig. 10" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1893,1919]" captionTargetBox="[217,1394,845,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1398,822,1867]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 10. Phylogenetic relationships within the Pristimantis “unistrigatus group” in the Guiana Shield as recovered in the MrBayes analysis (438 bp of the 16S rRNA gene sequence). Values at each node represent statistical support (* = 0.99 or 1). Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) is highlighted in red." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1173373/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The gene fragment we used is short and many members of the “
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BF98FC3BFAAEFC63" box="[1167,1307,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">unistrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
group” occurring outside the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9AFFC9BAD3FC1CFDACFC07" box="[452,537,949,975]" name="Guyana" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield have not been included. Therefore, our analysis remains limited in deciphering the phylogenetic position and affinities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9B87BFC73FBACFC3B" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[876,1049,986,1011]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B87BFC73FBACFC3B" box="[876,1049,986,1011]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the other species of the genus. Nevertheless, our analysis recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9B9C7FC57FCCBFBDF" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[720,894,1022,1047]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B9C7FC57FCCBFBDF" box="[720,894,1022,1047]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister species (with strong support, pp = 0.98) of an unnamed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9BAEAFB8BFD39FBF3" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" box="[509,652,1058,1083]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BAEAFB8BFD39FBF3" box="[509,652,1058,1083]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from the lowlands of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF9AFFC9B8E2FB88FB11FBF3" box="[1013,1188,1057,1083]" country="France" name="Guyane" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9AFFC9B8E2FB88FB11FBF3" box="[1013,1188,1057,1083]" name="French Guiana" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1061CFE2FF9AFFC9BFC9FB88FA86FBF3" box="[1246,1331,1057,1083]" country="Brazil" name="Amapa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Amapá</collectingRegion>
|
||
State (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAB24190FF9AFFC9BBD2FBECFEA7FBA8" box="[197,274,1093,1120]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
), called
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BA66FBEFFE36FB97" box="[369,387,1094,1119]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. 1 by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6347CF1FF9AFFC9BAF8FBEFFD50FB97" box="[495,741,1093,1120]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Fouquet A., Martinez Q., Courtois E. A., Dewynter M., Pineau K., Gaucher P., Blanc M., Marty C. & Kok P. J. R. 2013. A new species of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia, Craugastoridae) associated with the moderately elevated massifs of French Guiana. Zootaxa 3750: 569 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3750.5.8" type="journal article">
|
||
Fouquet
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B943FBEFFD3BFB97" box="[596,654,1093,1119]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, the lowest genetic distances (0.077) are found between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9BA31FBC3FE67FB4B" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[294,466,1130,1155]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9BA31FBC3FE67FB4B" box="[294,466,1130,1155]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other Pantepui species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15A57A83FF9AFFC9B834FBC3FC11FB4B" authorityName="Rojas-Runjaic, Salerno, Senaris & Pauly" authorityYear="2013" box="[803,932,1129,1155]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abakapa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B834FBC3FC11FB4B" box="[803,932,1129,1155]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. abakapa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D1DD12FF9AFFC9B8C9FBC3FC45FB4B" box="[990,1008,1130,1155]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. Ayanganna, see
|
||
<tableCitation id="9F2734BBFF9AFFC9BFF4FBC0FA8EFB4B" box="[1251,1339,1129,1155]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="22.[189,258,268,294]" captionText="Table 3. Mean genetic distances (p-distances) among major lineages of the Pristimantis “unistrigatus group” in the Guiana Shield using pairwise deletion." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |