plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/58/14/87/581487B1FFE2A721D5E03C1CFBCD0ECC.xml
maintenance e2f10263ab added 58
2024-06-21 12:37:12 +02:00

314 lines
38 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="619F1BB96CC5F2AFB8D25591A2F14CB3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186678" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0388bec2-2fe9-41cc-8541-9080a6eb58cd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186678" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461055396083" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Miller, Kelly B." docDate="2009" docId="581487B1FFE2A721D5E03C1CFBCD0ECC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02055p034.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2055" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Oligotoma valida" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="A42DFFC9FFF7A737D5773817FFEB0C3A" masterDocTitle="Genus- and family-group names in the order Embioptera (Insecta)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698580924078" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="24AE88FDA539166E6D457B52B4D03ECB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="EA87C804007FB3216A37A15BA08982B4">
<mods:title id="53FC43CF170A1F7E640F35C3645A9E23">Genus- and family-group names in the order Embioptera (Insecta)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="19CD7EC4F184EABEFB48096AABB3BF3C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DC183F83C8D0A3AB588EBDF0340271F7">
<mods:roleTerm id="9ADF66268D981179A45125968E3EBBA6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CCFE38D7DEA1B652001810348BD029A9">Miller, Kelly B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A3FB06E4FB73748ECC9FF49801FA0956">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="AE5F039FB5F99BCC9F00CBC31816EF78" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D57B44CB4323574F8685E1CBC64A6DE1">
<mods:title id="A6CEE2560FBC73662BD35663837D55F9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F4644FA16BF1B3BAE18F855162BF2F48">
<mods:date id="1AEF289CF54280D0F5C0954309639958">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A76DD76F23DB870E7269F9DEF87D287E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A995A9884583FE1B0341CBF29D8CED5A">2055</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="BB72252B7DABB368E57B79247F783F27" unit="page">
<mods:start id="A9CFB2F0174C9F349DEF7287A62D9121">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="B463F8CB9292BF62B13B2FEA0C8513A2">34</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="8FEF96845D8F2FE6C08C13DF8541A1BA">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="AFA14DBA1467FCB63D327ABBFD3F0459" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.186678</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DE8601DB7AC4F5625C3F85096E3DE468" type="GBIF-Dataset">0388bec2-2fe9-41cc-8541-9080a6eb58cd</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DCD366B01D6EDEE712B2FC4626C2DD4C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="884EA65CB060BC45AA0B06CF451001BC" type="Zenodo-Dep">186678</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="581487B1FFE2A721D5E03C1CFBCD0ECC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6220609" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124872784" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6220609" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:581487B1FFE2A721D5E03C1CFBCD0ECC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/581487B1FFE2A721D5E03C1CFBCD0ECC" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="98A7652CFFE2A722D5E03C1CFEEC0B42" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D00236A7FFE2A722D5E03C1CFF0C0875" blockId="21.[151,1437,1035,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="8B4A81CBFFE2A722D5E03C1CFF0C0875" bold="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D5E03C1CFF0C0875" bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D5E03C1CFE8D081F" box="[151,358,1035,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D5E03C1CFE8D081F" bold="true" box="[151,358,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Oligotoma valida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
attributed to
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D7643C1CFD51081F" author="Hagen" box="[531,698,1035,1061]" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen (1885)</bibRefCitation>
by
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D79F3C1CFC78081F" author="Davis" box="[744,915,1035,1061]" pageId="21" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, C. (1939 d) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. VI-X. Part VI. Three new Asiatic genera related to Embia Latreille. Part VII. The genus Dictyoploca Krauss. Part VIII. The genus Dihybocercus Enderlein, and a new African genus related to it. Part IX. The genus Enveja Navas. Part X. The genus Leptembia Krauss. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 474 - 495." type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="d">Davis (1939d)</bibRefCitation>
and the
<typeStatus id="0F068805FFE2A722D1773C1CFBDD081F" box="[1024,1078,1035,1061]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D1CD3C1CFF3F0875" authority="Davis 1939" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Parembia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D1CD3C1CFADB081F" bold="true" box="[1210,1328,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parembia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D0403C1CFF3F0875" author="Davis" pageId="21" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, C. (1939 a) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. I. The genotype of Oligotoma Westwood. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 181 - 190." type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="a">Davis 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
a.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D00236A7FFE2A722D5B13C4FFEEC0B42" blockId="21.[151,1437,1035,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
In Hagen’s (1885) monograph of the
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D70F3C4FFCEA0848" box="[632,769,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Embioptera</taxonomicName>
(“Embidina”) he mentions the name “
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D1B63C4EFA640848" box="[1217,1423,1113,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D1B63C4EFA640848" box="[1217,1423,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Oligotoma valida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in reference to a large female
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D7653C68FD4808A3" box="[530,675,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Embioptera</taxonomicName>
specimen. However, he makes it clear that although he had considered naming a new species, he instead regarded the specimen as a member of
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D1F33CB1FA7708FA" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[1156,1436,1190,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D1F33CB1FAE60885" box="[1156,1293,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D1F33CB1FB770885" box="[1156,1180,1190,1215]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. michaeli
</emphasis>
McLachlan
</taxonomicName>
writing, “The female, of which I possess a specimen, seems rather gigantic compared with the described male, so that I had provisionally described is as
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D7F13CE4FD1F0936" box="[646,756,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D7F13CE4FD1F0936" box="[646,756,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D7F13CE4FD750936" box="[646,670,1267,1292]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. valida
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. But as McLachlan [1883:259] by the words in brackets, ‘apparently
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D45F3D0DFE520909" box="[296,441,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D45F3D0DFE520909" box="[296,441,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D45F3D0DFEAA0909" box="[296,321,1306,1331]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. Michaeli
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic] McLachl.,’ accepts this determination, I have followed him not to encumber synonymy” (
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D4583D57FE110960" author="Hagen" box="[303,506,1344,1370]" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen 1885:150</bibRefCitation>
). Hagen’s statement clearly indicates his intention to regard the specimen as
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D5E03D70FECB09BA" box="[151,288,1383,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D5E03D70FECB09BA" box="[151,288,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D5E03D70FF4409BA" box="[151,175,1383,1408]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. michaeli
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not a new species,
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D7423D70FD4909BA" box="[565,674,1383,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D7423D70FD4909BA" box="[565,674,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D7423D70FDA609BA" box="[565,589,1383,1408]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. valida
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Later in the document he states that “…the supposition that the large wingless female belongs to
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D7543D99FD5B099D" box="[547,688,1422,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D7543D99FD5B099D" box="[547,688,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D7543D99FDD0099D" box="[547,571,1422,1447]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. Michaeli
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic] needs the support of further careful observation,” (
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D03A3D99FEE709F4" author="Hagen" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen 1885:224</bibRefCitation>
) clarifying, again, that he regarded the specimen to be
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D6CA3DA2FBA509F4" box="[957,1102,1461,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D6CA3DA2FBA509F4" box="[957,1102,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D6CA3DA2FC3D09F4" box="[957,982,1461,1486]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. michaeli
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not the basis of a new species,
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D58D3DCCFE8D09CE" box="[250,358,1499,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D58D3DCCFE8D09CE" box="[250,358,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D58D3DCCFEF909CE" box="[250,274,1499,1524]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. valida
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is further reinforced by Hagen’s (1885) own summary of his work when he states that he recognizes 17 species and that “…I have been purposely as careful as possible in making new species. I could have enumerated six species more, against which with our actual knowledge little objection could have been made.” Since
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D4F33E58FE190A52" box="[388,498,1615,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D4F33E58FE190A52" box="[388,498,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D4F33E58FE770A52" box="[388,412,1615,1640]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. valida
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not one of the 17 he recognizes, it is clear that it is among the six he did not enumerate. According to Article 11.5, a name must be used as valid when proposed unless it was first published as a junior synonym and subsequently made available. Under this scenario,
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D1D33E8AFAFF0A8C" box="[1188,1300,1693,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D1D33E8AFAFF0A8C" box="[1188,1300,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D1D33E8AFB560A8C" box="[1188,1213,1693,1718]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. valida
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D03A3E8AFF020AE6" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">nomen nudum</emphasis>
and is (ironically) invalid.
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D7483ED4FD060AE7" author="Davis" box="[575,749,1731,1757]" pageId="21" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, C. (1939 d) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. VI-X. Part VI. Three new Asiatic genera related to Embia Latreille. Part VII. The genus Dictyoploca Krauss. Part VIII. The genus Dihybocercus Enderlein, and a new African genus related to it. Part IX. The genus Enveja Navas. Part X. The genus Leptembia Krauss. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 474 - 495." type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="d">Davis (1939d)</bibRefCitation>
regarded
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D6103ED4FB3D0AE7" authority="Hagen 1885" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1885" box="[871,1238,1731,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D6103ED4FBD00AE6" box="[871,1083,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Oligotoma valida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D1333ED4FB3D0AE7" author="Hagen" box="[1092,1238,1731,1757]" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid name (with the synonym
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D40B3EFDFD4D0B3E" authority="Imms 1913" authorityName="Imms" authorityYear="1913" box="[380,678,1770,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Embia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D40B3EFDFDFC0B39" box="[380,535,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Embia major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D7683EFDFD4D0B3E" author="Imms" box="[543,678,1770,1796]" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" refString="Imms, A. D. (1913) Contributions to a knowledge of the structure and biology of some Indian insects. - II. On Embia major, sp. nov., from the Himalayas. Transactions of the Linnaean Society, London, 2, 167 - 195." type="journal article" year="1913">Imms 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) and used it as the
<typeStatus id="0F068805FFE2A722D6FC3EFDFC550B3E" box="[907,958,1770,1796]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
species of a new genus
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D1AA3EFDFF3E0B10" authority="Davis 1939" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Parembia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D1AA3EFDFABB0B39" box="[1245,1360,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parembia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D0203EFDFF3E0B10" author="Davis" pageId="21" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, C. (1939 a) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. I. The genotype of Oligotoma Westwood. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 181 - 190." type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="a">Davis 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
a.
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D5813F07FE6F0B10" author="Ross" box="[246,388,1808,1834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="33" refString="Ross, E. S. (1950) The Embiidae of India. Wasmann Journal of Biology, 8, 133 - 153." type="journal article" year="1950">Ross (1950)</bibRefCitation>
regarded
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D48C3F06FD560B10" authority="Hagen" authorityName="Hagen" box="[507,701,1808,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D48C3F06FD830B10" box="[507,616,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D48C3F06FDF80B10" box="[507,531,1809,1834]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. valida
</emphasis>
Hagen
</taxonomicName>
as a valid name and believed it was proposed “inadvertently.”
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D5E03F20FF530B6B" box="[151,184,1847,1873]" name="American Samoa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">As</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D5B73F20FE830B6B" author="Hagen" box="[192,360,1847,1873]" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen (1885)</bibRefCitation>
made it clear that he did not intend the name to be valid, each of these interpretations is incorrect.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="98A7652CFFE2A721D5B13F93FBCD0ECC" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="D00236A7FFE2A721D5B13F93FA810D1C" blockId="21.[151,1437,1035,2028]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,152,758]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D5B13F93FE980BA4" author="Davis" box="[198,371,1924,1950]" pageId="21" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, C. (1939 d) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. VI-X. Part VI. Three new Asiatic genera related to Embia Latreille. Part VII. The genus Dictyoploca Krauss. Part VIII. The genus Dihybocercus Enderlein, and a new African genus related to it. Part IX. The genus Enveja Navas. Part X. The genus Leptembia Krauss. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 474 - 495." type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="d">Davis (1939d)</bibRefCitation>
believed
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE2A722D4873F93FD7C0BA4" author="Hagen" box="[496,663,1924,1950]" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen (1885)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the name
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D6E13F92FBE30BA4" box="[918,1032,1925,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D6E13F92FBE30BA4" box="[918,1032,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D6E13F92FC450BA4" box="[918,942,1925,1950]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. valida
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but simultaneously used it as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE2A722D45E3FBCFE5A0BFE" box="[297,433,1963,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE2A722D45E3FBCFE5A0BFE" box="[297,433,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE2A722D45E3FBCFEAA0BFE" box="[297,321,1963,1988]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
. michaeli
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to Article 11.6.1 a name proposed as a junior synonym but treated before 1961 as an available name and adopted as the name of a taxon is thereby made available and dates from the first publication as a synonym (i.e.
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D745388FFD0A0C88" author="Hagen" box="[562,737,152,178]" pageId="22" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen (1885))</bibRefCitation>
. Under this scenario,
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D693388FFB0D0C88" authority="Hagen 1885" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1885" box="[996,1254,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D693388FFBBA0C8B" box="[996,1105,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE1A721D693388FFC170C8B" box="[996,1020,152,177]" name="Iceland" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">O</collectingCountry>
. valida
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D120388FFB0D0C88" author="Hagen" box="[1111,1254,152,178]" pageId="22" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
may have been made available by the actions of
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D76F38A9FD2F0CE2" author="Davis" box="[536,708,190,216]" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, C. (1939 d) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. VI-X. Part VI. Three new Asiatic genera related to Embia Latreille. Part VII. The genus Dictyoploca Krauss. Part VIII. The genus Dihybocercus Enderlein, and a new African genus related to it. Part IX. The genus Enveja Navas. Part X. The genus Leptembia Krauss. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 474 - 495." type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="d">Davis (1939d)</bibRefCitation>
. However, this still requires the original name to be explicitly proposed as the name of a taxon, whereas
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D7FB38F2FCDD0CC5" author="Hagen" box="[652,822,229,255]" pageId="22" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen (1885)</bibRefCitation>
explicitly stated just the opposite, that his name did not apply to a taxon. Under this scenario, in my opinion,
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D64C391BFBD50D1C" authority="Hagen 1885" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1885" box="[827,1086,268,294]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D64C391BFC430D1F" box="[827,936,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE1A721D64C391BFCB80D1F" box="[827,851,268,293]" name="Iceland" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">O</collectingCountry>
. valida
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D6D8391BFBD50D1C" author="Hagen" box="[943,1086,268,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
remains a
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D1CA391BFA880D1F" box="[1213,1379,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">nomen nudum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D00236A7FFE1A721D5B13925FBC00DDD" blockId="22.[151,1437,152,758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
It is also possible that one could regard
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D7E23925FCE80D71" box="[661,771,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D7E23925FCE80D71" box="[661,771,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<collectingCountry id="A8AA7637FFE1A721D7E23925FD460D71" box="[661,685,306,331]" name="Iceland" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">O</collectingCountry>
. valida
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a name published conditionally. According to Article 15.1, a new name proposed conditionally before
<date id="A4031067FFE1A721D79B394EFC8E0D49" box="[748,869,345,371]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1961-05">1961 may</date>
be available. There is little reason to believe, however, that
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D4363997FE0D0DA0" author="Hagen" box="[321,486,384,410]" pageId="22" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen (1885)</bibRefCitation>
even proposed his name conditionally or with doubt or reservation. Instead, it seems clear that he had no intention of publishing the name as applied to any taxon at all. Under each of these scenarios it seems clear that
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D49239DAFCA20DDD" authority="Hagen 1885" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1885" box="[485,841,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D49239DAFD580DDC" box="[485,691,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Oligotoma valida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D7CC39DAFCA20DDD" author="Hagen" box="[699,841,461,487]" pageId="22" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D60839DAFBCE0DDC" box="[895,1061,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">nomen nudum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D00236A7FFE1A721D5B139E3FBCD0ECC" blockId="22.[151,1437,152,758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
This still leaves the problem of what the
<typeStatus id="0F068805FFE1A721D7B539E3FD1E0E34" box="[706,757,500,526]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
species is of
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D6D639E3FB430E34" authority="Davis 1939" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1939" box="[929,1192,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Parembia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D6D639E3FBFF0E37" box="[929,1044,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parembia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D16939E3FB430E34" author="Davis" box="[1054,1192,500,526]" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, C. (1939 a) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. I. The genotype of Oligotoma Westwood. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 181 - 190." type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="a">Davis 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
a and the status and authorship of
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D44B3A0DFDE90E09" box="[316,514,538,563]" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Parembia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D44B3A0DFDE90E09" box="[316,514,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parembia valida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Given that
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D7E93A0DFCA20E0E" author="Davis" box="[670,841,538,564]" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, C. (1939 d) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. VI-X. Part VI. Three new Asiatic genera related to Embia Latreille. Part VII. The genus Dictyoploca Krauss. Part VIII. The genus Dihybocercus Enderlein, and a new African genus related to it. Part IX. The genus Enveja Navas. Part X. The genus Leptembia Krauss. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 474 - 495." type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="d">Davis (1939d)</bibRefCitation>
recognized the combination
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D1D33A0DFA820E09" box="[1188,1385,538,563]" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Parembia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D1D33A0DFA820E09" box="[1188,1385,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parembia valida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and referred to descriptions by
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D49C3A56FD670E61" author="Imms" box="[491,652,577,603]" pageId="22" pageNumber="32" refString="Imms, A. D. (1913) Contributions to a knowledge of the structure and biology of some Indian insects. - II. On Embia major, sp. nov., from the Himalayas. Transactions of the Linnaean Society, London, 2, 167 - 195." type="journal article" year="1913">Imms (1913)</bibRefCitation>
(for
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D7BA3A56FC2B0E61" authority="Imms" authorityName="Imms" box="[717,960,577,603]" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Embia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D7BA3A56FC9B0E60" box="[717,880,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Embia major</emphasis>
Imms
</taxonomicName>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D1703A56FB560E61" author="Hagen" box="[1031,1213,577,603]" pageId="22" pageNumber="32" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1885) A monograph of the Embidina. Canadian Entomologist, 17, 141 - 155, 171 - 178, 190 - 199, 206 - 229." type="journal article" year="1885">Hagen (1885)</bibRefCitation>
, this name in this combination is an available name for the species attributable to
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D6093A7FFBC10EB8" author="Davis" box="[894,1066,616,642]" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, C. (1939 d) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. VI-X. Part VI. Three new Asiatic genera related to Embia Latreille. Part VII. The genus Dictyoploca Krauss. Part VIII. The genus Dihybocercus Enderlein, and a new African genus related to it. Part IX. The genus Enveja Navas. Part X. The genus Leptembia Krauss. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 474 - 495." type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="d">Davis (1939d)</bibRefCitation>
. However, it is also a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D5C03A98FE770E92" authority="Imms" authorityName="Imms" box="[183,412,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Embia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D5C03A98FEBA0E92" box="[183,337,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Embia major</emphasis>
Imms
</taxonomicName>
according to
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D74A3A99FD0E0E92" author="Davis" box="[573,741,654,680]" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, C. (1939 d) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. VI-X. Part VI. Three new Asiatic genera related to Embia Latreille. Part VII. The genus Dictyoploca Krauss. Part VIII. The genus Dihybocercus Enderlein, and a new African genus related to it. Part IX. The genus Enveja Navas. Part X. The genus Leptembia Krauss. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 474 - 495." type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="d">Davis (1939d)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D6683A99FC590E92" author="Ross" box="[799,946,654,680]" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" refString="Ross, E. S. (1950) The Embiidae of India. Wasmann Journal of Biology, 8, 133 - 153." type="journal article" year="1950">Ross (1950)</bibRefCitation>
. Therefore, the valid name of the species is
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D5C63AA2FDE50EF5" authority="Imms 1913" authorityName="Imms" authorityYear="1913" box="[177,526,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Parembia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D5C63AA2FE9A0EF4" box="[177,369,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parembia major</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D4083AA2FDED0EF5" author="Imms" box="[383,518,693,719]" pageId="22" pageNumber="32" refString="Imms, A. D. (1913) Contributions to a knowledge of the structure and biology of some Indian insects. - II. On Embia major, sp. nov., from the Himalayas. Transactions of the Linnaean Society, London, 2, 167 - 195." type="journal article" year="1913">Imms 1913</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
with the invalid subjective synonym
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D6B33AA2FAFD0EF5" authority="Davis 1939" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1939" box="[964,1302,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Parembia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D6B33AA2FB6D0EF4" box="[964,1158,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parembia valida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D1FA3AA2FAFD0EF5" author="Davis" box="[1165,1302,693,719]" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, C. (1939 a) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. I. The genotype of Oligotoma Westwood. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 181 - 190." type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="a">Davis 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
a. The
<typeStatus id="0F068805FFE1A721D01E3AA2FA700EF5" box="[1385,1435,693,719]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D4643ACBFE6D0ECF" box="[275,390,732,757]" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Parembia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D4643ACBFE6D0ECF" box="[275,390,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parembia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D4D03ACBFD700ECC" authority="Davis 1939" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1939" box="[423,667,732,758]" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Parembia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D4D03ACBFDE60ECF" box="[423,525,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. valida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D7633ACBFD700ECC" author="Davis" box="[532,667,732,758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, C. (1939 a) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. I. The genotype of Oligotoma Westwood. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 181 - 190." type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="a">Davis 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
a (=
<taxonomicName id="17BD4D24FFE1A721D7BE3ACBFBF20ECC" authority="Imms 1913" authorityName="Imms" authorityYear="1913" box="[713,1049,732,758]" class="Insecta" family="Embiidae" genus="Parembia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="E2C9EAB5FFE1A721D7BE3ACBFC620ECF" box="[713,905,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parembia major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B42C4B56FFE1A721D6E73ACBFBF20ECC" author="Imms" box="[912,1049,732,758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="32" refString="Imms, A. D. (1913) Contributions to a knowledge of the structure and biology of some Indian insects. - II. On Embia major, sp. nov., from the Himalayas. Transactions of the Linnaean Society, London, 2, 167 - 195." type="journal article" year="1913">Imms 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink