391 lines
39 KiB
XML
391 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.48.7045" ID-GBIF-Dataset="954e6587-a7d1-41f8-80b0-48259d5dba98" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-48-19" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC1FFF8BB0B84344640FFAA8B1EFF81" ID-ZBK="5C371BB33FBE4FF2877EA60F1A603F11" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575114" ID-ZooBank="5C371BB33FBE4FF2877EA60F1A603F11" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2607-48-19" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 48" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomy of the Indo-Malayan presocial potter wasp genus Calligaster de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)" checkinTime="1457163006565" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nugroho, Hari, Ubaidillah, Rosichon & Kojima, Jun-ichi" docDate="2016" docId="5798AED924343B2F730954EAE72C91A6" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 48: 19-32" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 48" docPubDate="2016-03-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.48.7045" docTitle="Calligaster de Saussure 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FFC1FFF8BB0B84344640FFAA8B1EFF81" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFC1FFF8BB0B84344640FFAA8B1EFF81" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of the Indo-Malayan presocial potter wasp genus Calligaster de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1678749063334" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy of the Indo-Malayan presocial potter wasp genus Calligaster de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nugroho, Hari</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hntawon@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ubaidillah, Rosichon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kojima, Jun-ichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-03-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>48</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
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<mods:end>32</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.48.7045</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.48.7045</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-48-19</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">575114</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127894837" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5798AED924343B2F730954EAE72C91A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5798AED924343B2F730954EAE72C91A6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="B36DBE51-A68B-53E8-9336-74FF6CC6ED14" authority="de Saussure" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calligaster de Saussure</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calligaster</taxonomicName>
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de Saussure, 1852: 22. Type species:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster cyanoptera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">Calligaster cyanoptera</taxonomicName>
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de Saussure, 1852, by subsequent designation of
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<bibRefCitation author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" pagination="203 - 210" publicationUrl="10.4039/Ent34203-8" refId="B1" refString="Ashmead, WH, 1902. Classification of the fossorial, predaceous and parasitic wasps, or the superfamily Vespoidea. The Canadian Entomologist 34: 203 - 210, DOI: 10.4039/Ent34203-8" title="Classification of the fossorial, predaceous and parasitic wasps, or the superfamily Vespoidea." url="10.4039/Ent34203-8" volume="34" year="1902">Ashmead (1902</bibRefCitation>
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: 205).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Calligaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from any other eumenine genera by the combination of the following characters: labial and maxillary palpus with three and six palpomeres respectively; mid tibia with two spurs; mesepisternum with horizontal suture absent; propodeum with propodeal orifice rounded dorsally, apical valvula short and rounded, and submarginal carina not projecting as pointed lobe above valvula; metasomal segment I petiolate; tergum I in dorsal view abruptly widened laterally shortly after basal slit, then nearly parallel-sided apically, with longitudinal striae; metasomal sternum II with basal fossa; male characters: terminal antennal flagellomere simple; distal lobe of gonocoxite sub-truncated; gonostyle subapically with a tuft of short and thin hairs; basivolsella long and narrow, slightly enlarged at the base, with an obliquely truncated apex.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Calligaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was proposed by de
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<bibRefCitation author="Saussure, H de" journalOrPublisher="Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes solitaires ou de la tribu des Eumeniens" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" refId="B27" refString="Saussure, H de, 1852. . Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes solitaires ou de la tribu des Eumeniens V" title="Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes solitaires ou de la tribu des Eumeniens" volume="V" year="1852">Saussure (1852</bibRefCitation>
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: 23, Pl. IX fig. 6) as a genus to accomodate his two species from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Java”">"Java"</normalizedToken>
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:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster cyanoptera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Calligaster cyanoptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Saussure, 1852 and
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. hero" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="hero">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">C. hero</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Saussure, 1852. Later, he (de
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<bibRefCitation author="Saussure, H de" journalOrPublisher="Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" pagination="49 - 288" refId="B28" refString="Saussure, H de, 1855. . Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens V: 49 - 288" title="Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens" volume="V" year="1855">Saussure 1855</bibRefCitation>
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: 115) synonymized
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. hero" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="hero">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">C. hero</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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under
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spinosa" authorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus gigas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Zethus gigas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Spinola, 1841, which is a South American
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Zethus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species and is now treated as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus coeruleopennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleopennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Zethus coeruleopennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius, 1798) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bohart, RM" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 208" refId="B5" refString="Bohart, RM, Stange, LA, 1965. A revision of the genus Zethus Fabricius in the Western Hemisphere. University of California Publications in Entomology 40: 1 - 208" title="A revision of the genus Zethus Fabricius in the Western Hemisphere." volume="40" year="1965">Bohart and Stange 1965</bibRefCitation>
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). Although de
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<bibRefCitation author="Saussure, H de" journalOrPublisher="Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" pagination="49 - 288" refId="B28" refString="Saussure, H de, 1855. . Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens V: 49 - 288" title="Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens" volume="V" year="1855">Saussure (1855)</bibRefCitation>
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did not refer to the type locality of
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. hero" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="hero">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">C. hero</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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given in de
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<bibRefCitation author="Saussure, H de" journalOrPublisher="Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes solitaires ou de la tribu des Eumeniens" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" refId="B27" refString="Saussure, H de, 1852. . Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes solitaires ou de la tribu des Eumeniens V" title="Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes solitaires ou de la tribu des Eumeniens" volume="V" year="1852">Saussure (1852)</bibRefCitation>
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(=
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Java”">"Java"</normalizedToken>
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), it may have been certainly based on an erroneous labeling.
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<bibRefCitation author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" pagination="203 - 210" publicationUrl="10.4039/Ent34203-8" refId="B1" refString="Ashmead, WH, 1902. Classification of the fossorial, predaceous and parasitic wasps, or the superfamily Vespoidea. The Canadian Entomologist 34: 203 - 210, DOI: 10.4039/Ent34203-8" title="Classification of the fossorial, predaceous and parasitic wasps, or the superfamily Vespoidea." url="10.4039/Ent34203-8" volume="34" year="1902">Ashmead (1902)</bibRefCitation>
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designated
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. cyanoptera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">C. cyanoptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Saussure as the type species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Calligaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Saussure, 1852.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="22" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
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taxonomic status of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Calligaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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had not been stabilized until
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<bibRefCitation author="Bequaert, J" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" pagination="138 - 176" publicationUrl="10.1080/00222932808672864" refId="B2" refString="Bequaert, J, 1928. A study of certain types of diplopterous wasps in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2: 138 - 176, DOI: 10.1080/00222932808672864" title="A study of certain types of diplopterous wasps in the collection of the British Museum." url="10.1080/00222932808672864" volume="2" year="1928">Bequaert (1928)</bibRefCitation>
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reinstalled its generic status; that is, de
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<bibRefCitation author="Saussure, H de" journalOrPublisher="Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" pagination="49 - 288" refId="B28" refString="Saussure, H de, 1855. . Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens V: 49 - 288" title="Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens" volume="V" year="1855">Saussure (1855)</bibRefCitation>
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treated it as a division in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Zethus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Gribodo, G" journalOrPublisher="Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="242 - 300" refId="B16" refString="Gribodo, G, 1892 [1891]. Contribuzioni imenotterologiche sopra alcune specie nuove o poco conosciute di Imenotteri Diplotteri nota IV (1). Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 23: 242 - 300" title="Contribuzioni imenotterologiche sopra alcune specie nuove o poco conosciute di Imenotteri Diplotteri nota IV (1)." volume="23" year="1892 [1891]">Gribodo (1892)</bibRefCitation>
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, possibly having followed de
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<bibRefCitation author="Saussure, H de" journalOrPublisher="Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" pagination="49 - 288" refId="B28" refString="Saussure, H de, 1855. . Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens V: 49 - 288" title="Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens" volume="V" year="1855">Saussure (1855)</bibRefCitation>
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, treated
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus in the genus
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||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Zethus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
when he described
|
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus javanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Zethus javanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. cyanopterus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="cyanopterus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">C. cyanopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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<bibRefCitation author="Dalla Torre, KW von" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B10" refString="Dalla Torre, KW von, 1904. Hymenoptera fam. Vespidae. Genera Insectorum 19: 1 - 108" title="Hymenoptera fam. Vespidae." volume="19" year="1904">Dalla Torre (1904)</bibRefCitation>
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||
treated
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Calligaster</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
as a genus; and
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Cameron, P" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="5 - 15" refId="B6" refString="Cameron, P, 1904. Descriptions of new genera and species of Hymenoptera from India. Zeitschrift fuer Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 4 (1): 5 - 15" title="Descriptions of new genera and species of Hymenoptera from India." volume="4" year="1904">Cameron (1904</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cameron, P" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="206 - 207" refId="B7" refString="Cameron, P, 1909. On a new species of Zeuthus (Eumenidae) from Borneo. Entomologist 42: 206 - 207" title="On a new species of Zeuthus (Eumenidae) from Borneo." volume="42" year="1909">1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Zethus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bequaert, J" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" pagination="138 - 176" publicationUrl="10.1080/00222932808672864" refId="B2" refString="Bequaert, J, 1928. A study of certain types of diplopterous wasps in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2: 138 - 176, DOI: 10.1080/00222932808672864" title="A study of certain types of diplopterous wasps in the collection of the British Museum." url="10.1080/00222932808672864" volume="2" year="1928">Bequaert (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
transferred to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. But, establishment of the concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently accepted by most of the vespid taxonomists was of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo civico di storia naturale di Venezia" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="35 - 102" refId="B14" refString="Giordani Soika, A, 1960 [1958]. Notulae vespidologicae. Bollettino del Museo civico di storia naturale di Venezia 11: 35 - 102" title="Notulae vespidologicae." volume="11" year="1960 [1958]">Giordani Soika (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="key to species of calligaster">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Key to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
As no specimens were available to us, the characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. etchellsii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="etchellsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">C. etchellsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. zetteli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="zetteli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">C. zetteli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were extracted from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cameron, P" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="206 - 207" refId="B7" refString="Cameron, P, 1909. On a new species of Zeuthus (Eumenidae) from Borneo. Entomologist 42: 206 - 207" title="On a new species of Zeuthus (Eumenidae) from Borneo." volume="42" year="1909">Cameron (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bequaert, J" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" pagination="138 - 176" publicationUrl="10.1080/00222932808672864" refId="B2" refString="Bequaert, J, 1928. A study of certain types of diplopterous wasps in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2: 138 - 176, DOI: 10.1080/00222932808672864" title="A study of certain types of diplopterous wasps in the collection of the British Museum." url="10.1080/00222932808672864" volume="2" year="1928">Bequaert (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gusenleitner, J" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="1353 - 1355" refId="B17" refString="Gusenleitner, J, 2006. Calligaster zetteli, eine neue Art von den Philippinen (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Linzer biologische Beitraege 38: 1353 - 1355" title="Calligaster zetteli, eine neue Art von den Philippinen (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)." volume="38" year="2006">Gusenleitner (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively. Neither information of the male characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. zetelli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="zetelli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">C. zetelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor of the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. etchellsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="etchellsi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">C. etchellsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is available to us. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Calligaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Calligaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we have observed distinct morphological differences between sexes in the head characters, while characters of the mesosoma and metasoma (except for the number of metasomal segments and genital organs) are nearly the same between the sexes. In the following key, sex is specified only for the head characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<table inLine="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
Metasomal tergum I other than basal petiolate part in lateral view hardly convex dorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Calligaster species. 1 - 9 Female 1, 2, 6 C. viridipennis 3, 7 C. cyanoptera 4, 8 C. williamsi 5, 9 C. himalayensis 1 Body, lateral view 2 Head, frontal view 3 - 5 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 6 - 9 Metasomal tergum I, dorsal view. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.48.7045.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/79928" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">4</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">2</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
Metasomal tergum I other than basal petiolate part in lateral view more or less distinctly convex dorsally (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Calligaster species. 1 - 9 Female 1, 2, 6 C. viridipennis 3, 7 C. cyanoptera 4, 8 C. williamsi 5, 9 C. himalayensis 1 Body, lateral view 2 Head, frontal view 3 - 5 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 6 - 9 Metasomal tergum I, dorsal view. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.48.7045.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/79928" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Calligaster species. 1 - 9 Female 1, 2, 6 C. viridipennis 3, 7 C. cyanoptera 4, 8 C. williamsi 5, 9 C. himalayensis 1 Body, lateral view 2 Head, frontal view 3 - 5 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 6 - 9 Metasomal tergum I, dorsal view. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.48.7045.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/79928" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Calligaster species. 1 - 9 Female 1, 2, 6 C. viridipennis 3, 7 C. cyanoptera 4, 8 C. williamsi 5, 9 C. himalayensis 1 Body, lateral view 2 Head, frontal view 3 - 5 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 6 - 9 Metasomal tergum I, dorsal view. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.48.7045.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/79928" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">5</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">3</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">Female clypeus with dense and coarse punctures. Propodeum with dorsal face smooth and barely punctured. Metasomal tergum II basally barely punctured, apically with sparse minute punctures. Female mandible entirely black</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. williamsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">C. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bequaert
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">Female clypeus with sparse minute punctures. Propodeum with dorsal face coarsely punctured. Metasomal tergum II entirely with sparse minute punctures. Female mandible with yellow basal spot</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. zetelli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="zetelli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">C. zetelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gusenleitner
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[male unknown]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">Male clypeus in frontal view about 1.5 times as wide as high. Body black entirely or with bright yellow markings</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">4</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">Male clypeus in frontal view about 2 times as wide as high; ventral margin shallowly emarginate medially. Body with pale-yellow markings</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. etchellsii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="etchellsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">C. etchellsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cameron)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[female unknown]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
Metasomal tergum I in lateral view without distinct subapical depression (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Calligaster species. 1 - 9 Female 1, 2, 6 C. viridipennis 3, 7 C. cyanoptera 4, 8 C. williamsi 5, 9 C. himalayensis 1 Body, lateral view 2 Head, frontal view 3 - 5 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 6 - 9 Metasomal tergum I, dorsal view. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.48.7045.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/79928" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">1</figureCitation>
|
||
); in dorsal view strongly convex along lateral margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Calligaster species. 1 - 9 Female 1, 2, 6 C. viridipennis 3, 7 C. cyanoptera 4, 8 C. williamsi 5, 9 C. himalayensis 1 Body, lateral view 2 Head, frontal view 3 - 5 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 6 - 9 Metasomal tergum I, dorsal view. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.48.7045.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/79928" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wings fuscous, with greenish-purple iridescence
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. viridipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="viridipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">C. viridipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Giordani Soika
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
Metasomal tergum I in lateral view distinctly constricted subapically (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Calligaster species. 1 - 9 Female 1, 2, 6 C. viridipennis 3, 7 C. cyanoptera 4, 8 C. williamsi 5, 9 C. himalayensis 1 Body, lateral view 2 Head, frontal view 3 - 5 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 6 - 9 Metasomal tergum I, dorsal view. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.48.7045.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/79928" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Calligaster species. 1 - 9 Female 1, 2, 6 C. viridipennis 3, 7 C. cyanoptera 4, 8 C. williamsi 5, 9 C. himalayensis 1 Body, lateral view 2 Head, frontal view 3 - 5 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 6 - 9 Metasomal tergum I, dorsal view. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.48.7045.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/79928" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">5</figureCitation>
|
||
); in dorsal view nearly parallel-sided, with slight subapical constriction (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Calligaster species. 1 - 9 Female 1, 2, 6 C. viridipennis 3, 7 C. cyanoptera 4, 8 C. williamsi 5, 9 C. himalayensis 1 Body, lateral view 2 Head, frontal view 3 - 5 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 6 - 9 Metasomal tergum I, dorsal view. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.48.7045.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/79928" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="23" start="start">7</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Calligaster species. 1 - 9 Female 1, 2, 6 C. viridipennis 3, 7 C. cyanoptera 4, 8 C. williamsi 5, 9 C. himalayensis 1 Body, lateral view 2 Head, frontal view 3 - 5 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 6 - 9 Metasomal tergum I, dorsal view. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.48.7045.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/79928" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wings fuscous, with blue-green and purple iridescence
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">5</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="23" start="start">5</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
|
||
Metasomal segment I in dorsal view relatively slender, about 2.5 times as long as its maximum width (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Calligaster species. 1 - 9 Female 1, 2, 6 C. viridipennis 3, 7 C. cyanoptera 4, 8 C. williamsi 5, 9 C. himalayensis 1 Body, lateral view 2 Head, frontal view 3 - 5 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 6 - 9 Metasomal tergum I, dorsal view. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.48.7045.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/79928" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">7</figureCitation>
|
||
); tergum I hardly punctured, so that dorsal striae are more or less conspicuous
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. cyanoptera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">C. cyanoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Saussure
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
|
||
Metasomal segment I in dorsal view shorter and stouter, about 1.8 times as long as its maximum width (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Calligaster species. 1 - 9 Female 1, 2, 6 C. viridipennis 3, 7 C. cyanoptera 4, 8 C. williamsi 5, 9 C. himalayensis 1 Body, lateral view 2 Head, frontal view 3 - 5 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 6 - 9 Metasomal tergum I, dorsal view. Scale 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.48.7045.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/79928" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">9</figureCitation>
|
||
); tergum I with dense and distinct puncture, so that dorsal striae inconspicuous
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. himalayanensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="himalayanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">C. himalayanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cameron)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |